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<mods:title id="39584C3CD8E7C6D3FD25EE1E6000365C">Taxonomic characterization of five species of emperor fishes (Actinopterygii: Eupercaria: Lethrinidae) based on external morphology, morphometry, and geographic distribution in the northwestern Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="105DFE9D1DC3173F52FE14D0A75F3567">Damadi, Ehsan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AD9F9D1CBDD8AA769E76A3F30416274">Yazdani Moghaddam, Faezeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DA0318EC8CA453DCC3344BAD618A78C">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0A5CBDCBE46D5A6C90332C16D39531DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11223014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="230906877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11223014" ID-arpha="0A5CBDCB-E46D-5A6C-9033-2C16D39531DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5CBDCBE46D5A6C90332C16D39531DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A5CBDCBE46D5A6C90332C16D39531DA">
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<paragraph id="752137227700E3BF06F2C0688D78BF43">
<taxonomicName id="B85BAE1D8286AD5083070048D3F621DD" ID-CoL="6Q2Q9" authority="Valenciennes, 1830" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="085F66DD78B00DB8334C5DC68BE8BB0F" italics="true">Lethrinus microdon</emphasis>
Valenciennes, 1830
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="A31748F5B379087390847C96590D054A">
<figureCitation id="7C635072473B638AF68338D11387DBF8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lethrinus crocineus (A), ZMFUM - LE- 12, (Photo by E. Damadi); Lethrinus nebulosus (B), ZMFUM - LE- 48, (Photo by E. Damadi); Lethrinus lentjan (C), ZMFUM - LE- 8, (Photo by E. Damadi); Lethrinus microdon (D), ZMFUM - LE- 35, (Photo by E. Damadi)." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052431">English common name: smalltooth emperor Fig. 2 D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="BD3FFC410EFC66D5CC6690009F84E055">
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<taxonomicName id="7423BAF4141E2EB05A54F9DBADC500CB" ID-CoL="6Q2Q9" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="B9908E7B9E0C1B1DBF2906D888428A9B" italics="true">Lethrinus microdon</emphasis>
<comment id="F61E9B7EE8AA392CFEC178AA0F522398">
Valenciennes in
<treatmentCitation id="B307B2E1073472581BBD397A2DC3604A">
<bibRefCitation id="93476E868C2D7F1C7018353C509D5EDF" author="Cuvier G &amp; Valenciennes A" refId="B17" refString="Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (1830) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixieme. Livre sixieme. Partie I. Des Sparoides; Partie II. Des Menides. Tome sixieme. Livre sixieme. Partie I. Des Sparoides; Partie II. Des Menides. 1 - 559, Pls. 141 - 169." year="1830">Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="26F0828998D0D2CDA8F4E1BCAC030DB8" author="Cuvier G &amp; Valenciennes A" page="295" year="1830">
<bibRefCitation id="43A90B3A84EBB73399EC77D9F7145AA1" author="Cuvier G &amp; Valenciennes A" firstAuthor="Cuvier" refId="B17" refString="Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (1830) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. Tome sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. 1559, Pls. 141169." year="1830">Cuvier and Valenciennes (1830)</bibRefCitation>
: 295
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,
<typeStatus id="23A99E4617580A03D5540B67AEA9BC9F" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="1528FAF5FDB8B4D7999F5D7778D9A256" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" type="">MNHN</collectionCode>
0000-9073; Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="19247CD25F88DCD15252444D975F44BB" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: Molucca Islands, northeastern Pulau Buru.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1XAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="7E0DC658CCD811FBD1784D0F41B9AC9C">
<heading id="2146AA7B7FC561D33FBAF49FE4545C68" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0ADA2ED1ACE1F04AD77E3FE9C34251DC">
<materialsCitation id="B35DB2BC3ADD59AE9AE3C3D54101F791" collectingDate="2022-05" collectingDateMax="2023-03" collectingDateMin="2022-05" collectionCode="ZMFUM" elevation="38" specimenCode="LE- 35-43" specimenCount="9">
<named-content id="4AB973294EDD0B45C3786AAB954C90AC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/ferdowsi-university" xlink_title="Zoological Museum of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad">
<collectionCode id="17BC9421F9A6D60D12710CAC5475A65F">ZMFUM</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="C21822AA6373C855C440FAD2C8A67DF7">LE- 35-43</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="5AC2DE07AD8B16F0B96AFC6953FB61C5" count="9" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
(Suppl. material
<xref id="08F647FC2EEC45D423F1BF291F58E947" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
),
<date id="3539321721FF764767700649362369A2" value="2022-05">
<collectingDate id="E363C14EF3DA3728649C276EDF4009F9" value="2022-05">May 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
to
<date id="65B261173787CCCAFA034DF58D6E3F32" value="2023-03">
<collectingDate id="E180E61E2BB2AB01FB2F1BD54799B07D" value="2023-03">March 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="1415074D20C7B88E3D480B3647C6199E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">
<elevation id="A54AA8AB1C864578ECBC8E7DA839E066" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">
25
<specimenCount id="FBCE19FB98446385DF8B6888EF3C897F" count="50" type="generic">50 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIYAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="91F906EDE57ABCCDC2B38ED1CD122774">
<heading id="7082605DD1CBBBDBEB43D99FA75772D3" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="130244B236D2882C9C968B079FE979DF">Dorsal-fin rays X, 9; anal-fin rays III, 8; pectoral-fin rays 13; tubed lateral-line scales 4748; 4.5 transverse scale rows above lateral line; 1617 transverse scale rows below lateral line; 1516 lower series of scale around caudal-peduncle; low-bodied forms; forked caudal fin; no scales on inside of the pectoral fin base; conical teeth; cheek without scales; body gray; fins brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51C03A9F259B598B7E76609FCEE2CE5">
<emphasis id="41FF0BF1121562978CC26DF1432B8275" bold="true">Morphometrics.</emphasis>
To characterize the morphological variation between
<taxonomicName id="97A624EA99E68DEC1C8D675982084D1F">
<emphasis id="5EA9F2656A7CB785F12F1A9DF61EDD02" italics="true">Lethrinus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, morphometric features were analyzed. The MANOVA results showed no significant difference between males and females, the sexes were pooled in all analyses (0.0511 &lt;
<emphasis id="531728F28BB4E7DAD7F2113430542A46" italics="true">P</emphasis>
&lt;1.0000) (Suppl. material
<xref id="E1A161BE71A650BA012AE8C62E31D702" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S2">2</xref>
). In the one-way
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5YAE" xlink_title="one-way analysis of variance">
<collectionCode id="9A6BBB70615BB372CB2DC19423298E64">ANOVA</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
analysis, 17 out of 22 traits were found to be significant (
<emphasis id="864A92AC9568E7D85BF499A3E71E9603" italics="true">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0000) (Suppl. material
<xref id="AF31682BEAA70DC203CAACE52B7772DD" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S2">2</xref>
). These traits included 15 morphometric and two meristic traits (Suppl. material
<xref id="FAE7BFC5B30A71827C2745BADC4A7B44" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S2">2</xref>
). The Tukey post hoc test results showed a significant difference between all five species (
<emphasis id="2B5D3CB65033B42C45FD30458FA9F084" italics="true">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.05). Specifically, the Tukey post hoc tests for metric traits showed the most significant differences between
<taxonomicName id="BA111F5F9391E9D368819569DCBDD63B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1959" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocineus">
<emphasis id="CBC993A551C6755CB405E50639C151AC" italics="true">L. crocineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9762154BF07493C9FADB9C9C1D2F7AEE" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="EDCA586AD71D8432F2CA6D9438170866" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the differences in meristic variables were most significant between
<taxonomicName id="4D63396FFE9518659126864A4AFC0CF9" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="8C4E55E525E5001DB003702F7E8A7746" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species (data not shown). The boxplot of total length shows that
<taxonomicName id="624E67EE5813B0085183A2B13720F7BD" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="89B7C873B198CB6D12A609E8FDDA9D45" italics="true">L. nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally larger than the other species;
<taxonomicName id="533BE82E93FCA62CE135A63E4093784A" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="F6276A5183AA6E747FEF0F56864E3DE7" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is medium-sized and the other species are smaller (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DB1D5463ECB87782B3DC946C18743B5B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Total length data of the five of Lethrinus species samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052432">3</figureCitation>
). As expected, the first principal component (PC 1) on metric characters accounted for the highest proportion of variance (99.2 %) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CAC158AE614725FEBF591889C4BCDC07" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) results of the five of Lethrinus species samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; (A) morphospace plotted on 14 morphometric traits; and (B) morphospace plotted on 10 meristic traits morphometric traits; L. borbonicus (green), L. crocineus (yellow), L. lentjan (red), L. microdon (blue), L. nebulosus (black). LLS = lateral-line scales; SALL = scale rows above lateral line; SBLL = scale rows below lateral line; LSACP = scale around caudal-peduncle; SPS = supratemporal patch of scales; BD = body depth; HL = head length; POL = preorbital length; UJL = upper-jaw length; CPD = caudal-peduncle depth; CPL = caudal-peduncle length; PDL = predorsal length; PAL = preanal length; PPL = prepelvic length; LDFB = length dorsal-fin base; LAFB = length anal-fin base; LPF = length pectoral fin; LCF = length caudal fin; OD = orbit diameter [% of HL]." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052433">4 A</figureCitation>
). On the PC 1 axis,
<taxonomicName id="9EBE08E84A26C41D4071814FD8DDD4F5" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="9AB0B10A6AD04E0C1D07069EFBAB8745" italics="true">L. nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F33253ABAE3CF76B81B61C0CF2C8D2C9" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="1630E2D198FEA34865249EE9B99A832D" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a high differentiation from
<taxonomicName id="169DEFBF46E05B178FE7F6B86F3CFBC8" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="DE36341B83956F8C3F4F664DFFF0430E" italics="true">L. borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A4471C586508F1311DFB6FE02F16DE7D" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1959" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocineus">
<emphasis id="41F7D62332D759D0DD5856ACB60DB532" italics="true">L. crocineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="0212054A115FF69FEABA649F3A905725" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentjan">
<emphasis id="2BC3F848A275228FA3C02DDE86C5A45B" italics="true">L. lentjan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the majority of of the measured morphometric traits, including body depth, caudal peduncle depth, pectoral fin length, preorbital length, and caudal fin length. On the PC 2 axis,
<taxonomicName id="CB0A6F266BEA2BC38BFC7CB611E65F36" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1959" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocineus">
<emphasis id="C39854FD1B438E84616EA7E0C4807E28" italics="true">L. crocineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed significant differences from
<taxonomicName id="05970E42D57A76A493F7BBE2F8A97E7C" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="67C3503C1468C98BB6AD811377727DF3" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E14AE" xlink_title="Principal component analysis">PCA</abbrev>
on the morphometric traits showed a notable overlapping between
<taxonomicName id="B0135AF55AE8EEBCE178EB71680728F8" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="8FBED24F550A10A0532D5954A5227FC0" italics="true">L. borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AE77A094F5555BC9C7E48D4DF22936D" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentjan">
<emphasis id="06699092246A4028A78350877411D0D0" italics="true">L. lentjan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on PC 1 and PC 2. For the majority of meristic traits,
<taxonomicName id="2F3A8D0AB251A5748C56C31D4F8417DB" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="86DD5A36FB7049132033CCF2272E7A45" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a high differentiation from the other species due to its significant scale rows above the lateral line and supratemporal scale patch (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1A9466B0AC15A6A39554FD3DBDBAF3B5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) results of the five of Lethrinus species samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; (A) morphospace plotted on 14 morphometric traits; and (B) morphospace plotted on 10 meristic traits morphometric traits; L. borbonicus (green), L. crocineus (yellow), L. lentjan (red), L. microdon (blue), L. nebulosus (black). LLS = lateral-line scales; SALL = scale rows above lateral line; SBLL = scale rows below lateral line; LSACP = scale around caudal-peduncle; SPS = supratemporal patch of scales; BD = body depth; HL = head length; POL = preorbital length; UJL = upper-jaw length; CPD = caudal-peduncle depth; CPL = caudal-peduncle length; PDL = predorsal length; PAL = preanal length; PPL = prepelvic length; LDFB = length dorsal-fin base; LAFB = length anal-fin base; LPF = length pectoral fin; LCF = length caudal fin; OD = orbit diameter [% of HL]." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052433">4 B</figureCitation>
). The
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED6AE" xlink_title="Principal component analysis">PCA</abbrev>
results (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F3EFA29CF9E9E9C460CDB662CFF2742B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) results of the five of Lethrinus species samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; (A) morphospace plotted on 14 morphometric traits; and (B) morphospace plotted on 10 meristic traits morphometric traits; L. borbonicus (green), L. crocineus (yellow), L. lentjan (red), L. microdon (blue), L. nebulosus (black). LLS = lateral-line scales; SALL = scale rows above lateral line; SBLL = scale rows below lateral line; LSACP = scale around caudal-peduncle; SPS = supratemporal patch of scales; BD = body depth; HL = head length; POL = preorbital length; UJL = upper-jaw length; CPD = caudal-peduncle depth; CPL = caudal-peduncle length; PDL = predorsal length; PAL = preanal length; PPL = prepelvic length; LDFB = length dorsal-fin base; LAFB = length anal-fin base; LPF = length pectoral fin; LCF = length caudal fin; OD = orbit diameter [% of HL]." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052433">4</figureCitation>
) were well supported by the
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL6AE" xlink_title="discriminant function analysis">DFA</abbrev>
analyses (data not shown). The
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP6AE" xlink_title="discriminant function analysis">DFA</abbrev>
correctly classified 100 % of the specimens, which was confirmed by cross-validation of specimens to species based on morphometric and meristic features.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E4EDDAF6A0812016A7A59A6F8CF5FDE9" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure3" ID-arpha="6B2DFA6A-E36E-52BD-A154-CB60C14D01C5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052432" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="3AA688068DEE61B627072A2F6706EF49">
<label id="52FC9B745D344F5919A63742021DD0B8">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E8F534E8358EC794C40EFB83A045E8E">
Total length data of the five of
<taxonomicName id="1E04FEFB3D1AE70DA951606C97019400">
<emphasis id="98C87D04D4EAD1878E79D2FB6A14F775" italics="true">Lethrinus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CE16C5FBABAFE02EDE6F27496472861" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.54.118586.figure4" ID-arpha="5541D759-84ED-5B01-9934-02A9A29B1AEE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1052433" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="71E472F0A83C04A7F06607E03A9525E0">
<label id="6EDA9FC561EF6EA27A622E34E3A4EA7B">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42624876BFF06B485172885F02164055">
Principal component analysis (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQAAG" xlink_title="Principal component analysis">PCA</abbrev>
) results of the five of
<taxonomicName id="25D60845B60E684F5B8509D36297A8F4">
<emphasis id="E1D7EE2F5C6AA423A59FD7F2E57C261A" italics="true">Lethrinus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
samples in the presently reported study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; (
<emphasis id="1B74EAF9FEE559FF076956C12CC47A2A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
) morphospace plotted on 14 morphometric traits; and (
<emphasis id="4747B306158E78D5FB22E600F79B13B0" bold="true">B</emphasis>
) morphospace plotted on 10 meristic traits morphometric traits;
<taxonomicName id="5B03A7FB7941F1ED4AACC06E3D7F414A" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="7A1F662D6A23DC088611AD8BD1EF3BDD" italics="true">L. borbonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green),
<taxonomicName id="664BDB398D994E335D9B2F2E8015AF50" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1959" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocineus">
<emphasis id="702DFFACF83057305A43961798C66FFB" italics="true">L. crocineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yellow),
<taxonomicName id="114F3E2CBEF0B9FE3552C77CB087947C" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentjan">
<emphasis id="4C5685B5FA000209E359FA8A53B66F98" italics="true">L. lentjan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red),
<taxonomicName id="52C333A2E4B60A26A83D5EE06658DCC6" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="E1DA02909689E7DEE961C4CD7951AC78" italics="true">L. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue),
<taxonomicName id="BFE5FD21C07A31DD6C189FCC76928DDE" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="929E2B807B116131C45AC07247A1A252" italics="true">L. nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black).
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWCAG" xlink_title="lateral-line scales">LLS</abbrev>
= lateral-line scales;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1CAG" xlink_title="scale rows above lateral line">SALL</abbrev>
= scale rows above lateral line;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5CAG" xlink_title="scale rows below lateral line">SBLL</abbrev>
= scale rows below lateral line;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECDAG" xlink_title="scale around caudal-peduncle">LSACP</abbrev>
= scale around caudal-peduncle;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGDAG" xlink_title="supratemporal patch of scales">SPS</abbrev>
= supratemporal patch of scales;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKDAG" xlink_title="body depth">BD</abbrev>
= body depth;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EODAG" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
= head length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESDAG" xlink_title="preorbital length">POL</abbrev>
= preorbital length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWDAG" xlink_title="upper-jaw length">UJL</abbrev>
= upper-jaw length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1DAG" xlink_title="caudal-peduncle depth">CPD</abbrev>
= caudal-peduncle depth;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5DAG" xlink_title="caudal-peduncle length">CPL</abbrev>
= caudal-peduncle length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECEAG" xlink_title="predorsal length">PDL</abbrev>
= predorsal length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGEAG" xlink_title="preanal length">PAL</abbrev>
= preanal length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKEAG" xlink_title="prepelvic length">PPL</abbrev>
= prepelvic length;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOEAG" xlink_title="length dorsal-fin base">LDFB</abbrev>
= length dorsal-fin base;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESEAG" xlink_title="length anal-fin base">LAFB</abbrev>
= length anal-fin base;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWEAG" xlink_title="length pectoral fin">LPF</abbrev>
= length pectoral fin;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1EAG" xlink_title="length caudal fin">LCF</abbrev>
= length caudal fin;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5EAG" xlink_title="orbit diameter">OD</abbrev>
= orbit diameter [% of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECFAG" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>