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<document id="059583400FDAB6C79C0EF9FDC31A2DAD" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-78.1.99" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722969259357" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mendoza, Alfredo E. Giraldo, Cobián, Clorinda Vergara &amp; Ratcliffe, Brett C." docDate="2024" docId="03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.78.1.99-107.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-78.1.99" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870.3:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gymnetis merops Ratcliffe 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FFCCFF824B022847B97EFFBA9E7CE904" masterDocTitle="Description of the Immature Stages of Gymnetis merops Ratcliffe (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini)" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1722972940124" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6A77C8524594F096EB6C5DCC95880956" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2569D97AFB0A8FD4438D579620DB7DF4">
<mods:title id="AFD4EA19B5B5253DA782DF25480AA6D9">Description of the Immature Stages of Gymnetis merops Ratcliffe (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="96832A397879C5C4058244A13BF0AE8F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F87B89C8F7BF95CFECBACC39EE121EBA">
<mods:roleTerm id="6601AB6F02B274851F129084049F9386">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="72635B16B371F074A889D872DDC61589">Mendoza, Alfredo E. Giraldo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4B4677959267DC0EEA241CC02E891E1F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="70AB02307B266DA612ABB0544F9DF3B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="38D3F1CABB5BD3FAD38F5DF5591A9C6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="23BC7AFA96D68D79BCC05538C3F61F49">Cobián, Clorinda Vergara</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="21ECB96D15AD9DBA8E5C6FA166922C9A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DAAC0A3DC3F1F1F4FB662E4847DB903A">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADFEF229D48AE253CD03CF90F2BA0139">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A6E61DD1EB23C38011DD83A9A9E5FBBB">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D2CDE571AB44E8BD09B116021A3A532B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7B1BC0B00CFD4C67C92B58D6F0441420" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8E5B427961C751C8268B3F7E03901E88">
<mods:title id="1E6C8809E67BB8705BC5DB33A0EB99FB">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="39A38197B97BE6A2EF005D64DAB30748">
<mods:date id="8CE31E3E0E7B257FDEBFD9D7ACDE3B96">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2D093021838146E7C311C22B305102C3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9E2BD0DA8D07725B917DFB820FAC7FBB">2024-03-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AF9829BE095A8349F5AAFE56EDB7A309" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0B8CC67C2D95787FBCE5A7CE73FE38D4">78</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6A01042728EEF1CEA6FA43194E592106" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2E2AC1B10D1A9DFC0B1ED8906E5C3D5C">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D65B325FC4FFC89D23CBFFBB90038284" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0E8C95C9250FEC7380CA486F1F0762A9">99</mods:start>
<mods:end id="65ACA45F6AF04C6312E1CEA24AAB78F8">107</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="9E66B299D4501A2980C8B3AD4C00F706">
<mods:url id="5430E8354F059F4EF9640718A0E2D629">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-78.1.99</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="35A06C38A6E7322083792028442E381F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="656D1195FFF47D92DF4088C6B9F5B3A5" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-78.1.99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABAAE3A7DDB2C8556A8E61891CAD82C7" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0102ECE472E5748F1C9595DD36A6AA15" type="Zenodo-Dep">13243749</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection id="C34665674B002845BBA4FA7D9D9BEF15" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B002845BBA4FA7D9D9BEF15" blockId="2.[730,1126,1479,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B002845BBA4FA7D9DA0ECF3" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B002845BBA4FA7D9D9AECD9" ID-CoL="3HPWV" authority="Ratcliffe" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[730,998,1479,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B002845BBA4FA7D9DFAECD8" bold="true" box="[730,902,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">GYMNETIS MEROPS</emphasis>
Ratcliffe
</taxonomicName>
, third instar and pupa
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A694B002845BA1EFA469DB5EF15" box="[864,969,1532,1554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Figs. 2C–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A694B002845BAADFA469DA3EF15" box="[979,991,1532,1553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34665674B002844BBBBF99D9FE7EFC6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B002844BBBBF99D9FE7EFC6" blockId="2.[685,1172,1575,1730]" lastBlockId="3.[173,660,1469,1731]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B002845BBBBF99D9DEEEF39" bold="true" box="[709,914,1575,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B002845BAE4F99D9DC9EF53" collectingDate="2012-11" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" location="Ica" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Ica">
<collectingCountry id="F34B767C4B002845BAE4F99D9DA6EF38" box="[922,986,1575,1596]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">PERU</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B002845BA9AF99D9A79EF38" box="[996,1029,1575,1596]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Ica</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B002845BD71F99D9A52EF38" box="[1039,1070,1575,1596]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Ica</collectingRegion>
, vineyard,
<date id="FFE2102C4B002845BBD3F9F89C89EF5C" box="[685,757,1602,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2012-11">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B002845BBD3F9F89C89EF5C" box="[685,757,1602,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2012-11">xi.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B002845BB81F9FB9D37EF5C" box="[767,843,1601,1624]" count="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B002845BA26F9F89DD3EF53" box="[856,943,1602,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B002845BABFF9F89A68EF75" collectingDate="2013-06-10" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" location="Los Aquijes" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E8360374B002845BABFF9F89A4FEF5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67:8E8360374B002845BABFF9F89A4FEF5C" box="[961,1075,1602,1624]" country="Peru" name="Los Aquijes" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Los Aquijes</location>
, vineyard,
<date id="FFE2102C4B002845BBD3F9E69D6EEF76" box="[685,786,1628,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2013-06-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B002845BBD3F9E69D6EEF76" box="[685,786,1628,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2013-06-10">10.vi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 4 second-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B002845BAC9F9E69A72EF75" box="[951,1038,1628,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 1 third-instar (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B002845BBCDF9CD9D76EF88" box="[691,778,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">MEKRB</collectionCode>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B002845BA65F9CD9D15EFA3" collectingDate="2018-10-17" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="La Venta" country="Peru" location="Santiago" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-larva="6">
<location id="8E8360374B002845BA65F9CD9D11EF89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67:8E8360374B002845BA65F9CD9D11EF89" box="[795,877,1655,1677]" country="Peru" name="Santiago" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Santiago</location>
,
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B002845BA09F9CD9DB0EF88" box="[887,972,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">La Venta</collectorName>
, vineyard,
<date id="FFE2102C4B002845BD4CF9CD9AF3EF88" box="[1074,1167,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2018-10-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B002845BD4CF9CD9AF3EF88" box="[1074,1167,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2018-10-17">17.x.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B002845BBD3F9289C86EFAC" box="[685,762,1682,1704]" count="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B002845BA79F9289D1EEFA3" box="[775,866,1682,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B002844BA0FF9289F6DECD6" collectingDate="2013-08-17" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="101" location="Zana" municipality="Chiclayo" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lambayeque">
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B002845BA0FF9289D8DEFAC" box="[881,1009,1682,1704]" country="Peru" name="Lambayeque" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87AC964B002845BA84F9289A2FEFAC" box="[1018,1107,1682,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100">Chiclayo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8360374B002845BD23F9289AF3EFA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67:8E8360374B002845BD23F9289AF3EFA3" box="[1117,1167,1682,1703]" country="Peru" municipality="Chiclayo" name="Zana" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Lambayeque">Zaña</location>
, guinea pig manure,
<date id="FFE2102C4B002845BA02F9169D8BEFC6" box="[892,1015,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2013-08-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B002845BA02F9169D8BEFC6" box="[892,1015,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="100" value="2013-08-17">17.viii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2 third-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B9CAFA079F77ECD6" box="[180,267,1469,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B867FA079FB4ECD6" box="[281,456,1469,1490]" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-pupa="4">
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844B867FA079F1CECD6" box="[281,352,1469,1490]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B815FA079FBEECD6" box="[363,450,1469,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B8AEFA079F28ECE9" collectingDate="2013-11-25" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1">
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B8AEFA079C4FECD7" box="[464,563,1469,1491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2013-11-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B8AEFA079C4FECD7" box="[464,563,1469,1491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2013-11-25">25.xi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2 second-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B98DFA629F31ECE9" box="[243,333,1496,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 2 third-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B893FA629C3BECE9" box="[493,583,1496,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844BB29FA629F69EF03" collectionCode="MEKRB" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844BB29FA629CEEECE9" box="[599,658,1496,1517]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B9CAFA489F72EF03" box="[180,270,1522,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B861FA489C3AEF26" collectingDate="2022-09-05" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="C. Huaripata" country="Peru" location="La Molina" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-larva="15" stateProvince="Lima">
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B012844B861FA489F29EF0C" box="[287,341,1522,1544]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Lima</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B012844B820FA489FEFEF0C" box="[350,403,1522,1544]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Lima</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E8360374B012844B8E0FA499C79EF0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67:8E8360374B012844B8E0FA499C79EF0C" box="[414,517,1522,1544]" country="Peru" name="La Molina" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" stateProvince="Lima">La Molina</location>
, urban garden,
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B9D3F9B79F73EF27" box="[173,271,1549,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-09-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B9D3F9B79F73EF27" box="[173,271,1549,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-09-05">05.ix.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B012844B868F9B79FF5EF27" box="[278,393,1549,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">C.Huaripata</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844B8F1F9B79F9DEF27" box="[399,481,1549,1571]" count="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B894F9B79C3CEF26" box="[490,576,1549,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844BB33F9B79F73EF39" collectingDate="2022-09-05" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="C. Huaripata" country="Peru" isTailEnumeration="true" location="La Molina" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-pupa="6" stateProvince="Lima">
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844BB33F9B79CE8EF26" box="[589,660,1549,1571]" count="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="pupa">6 pupae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B9CDF9929F75EF39" box="[179,265,1576,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B866F9929CF3EF53" collectingDate="2021-12-03" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="A. Giraldo" country="Peru" latitude="-11.9423" location="Los Olivos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.07177" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<location id="8E8360374B012844B866F9929F01EF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FA4B002840BBA4FA7D9F82ED67:8E8360374B012844B866F9929F01EF3A" box="[280,381,1576,1598]" country="Peru" latitude="-11.9423" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.07177" name="Los Olivos" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Los Olivos</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE68502B4B012844B8F8F9929F9BEF39" box="[390,487,1576,1597]" degrees="11.94230" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" precision="1" value="-11.9423">11.94230S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE68502B4B012844B895F9929C2AEF39" box="[491,598,1576,1597]" degrees="77.07177" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" precision="1" value="-77.07177">77.07177W</geoCoordinate>
, urban garden,
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B989F9F89F1CEF5C" box="[247,352,1602,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2021-12-03">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B989F9F89F1CEF5C" box="[247,352,1602,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2021-12-03">03.xii.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B012844B816F9F89FB0EF5C" box="[360,460,1602,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">A. Giraldo</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844B8ABF9F89F8EEF53" box="[469,498,1602,1623]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
adult (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844BB4CF9F89CF5EF53" box="[562,649,1602,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B9D3F9E79C13EF76" box="[173,623,1629,1651]" collectingDate="2022-04-08" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="Giraldo" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B9D3F9E79F67EF77" box="[173,283,1629,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-04-08">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B9D3F9E79F67EF77" box="[173,283,1629,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-04-08">08.iv.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, A.
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B012844B838F9E79FEAEF77" box="[326,406,1629,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Giraldo</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD654B012844B8DCF9E79FBCEF76" box="[418,448,1629,1650]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
adult (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844BB74F9E79C14EF76" box="[522,616,1629,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 11 third-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B847F9C29FEAEF89" box="[313,406,1656,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B8D5F9C29FE3EFA3" collectingDate="2022-05-03" collectionCode="MEKRB" collectorName="Giraldo" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1">
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B8D5F9C29C6DEF89" box="[427,529,1656,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B8D5F9C29C6DEF89" box="[427,529,1656,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2022-05-03">03.v.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, A.
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B012844BB3EF9C29CF3EF8A" box="[576,655,1656,1678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Giraldo</collectorName>
, 7 third-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B841F9289FE5EFA3" box="[319,409,1682,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">MEKRB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B343CB14B012844B8D6F9289FEBEFC6" collectingDate="2023-08-06" collectionCode="UNSM" collectorName="Giraldo" country="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1">
<date id="FFE2102C4B012844B8D6F9289C62EFAC" box="[424,542,1682,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2023-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C44B012844B8D6F9289C62EFAC" box="[424,542,1682,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" value="2023-08-06">06.viii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, A.
<collectorName id="26A9533A4B012844BB3AF9289CF3EFAC" box="[580,655,1682,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Giraldo</collectorName>
, 4 third-instars (
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE294B012844B83AF9179FECEFC6" box="[324,400,1709,1730]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">UNSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2366644B012844B9BBFADC9DC2EC95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243751/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" startId="3.[197,228,1382,1401]" targetBox="[176,1187,196,1364]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B012844B9BBFADC9AD5EC7D" blockId="3.[173,1193,1382,1425]" box="[197,1193,1382,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B012844B9BBFADC9E83EC7D" bold="true" box="[197,255,1382,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
A) Panoramic view of urban garden, B) Bare soil area with plant debris, C) Larvae found in the garden,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B012844B9D3FAC49DC2EC95" blockId="3.[173,1193,1382,1425]" box="[173,958,1406,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">D) Plastic box for rearing of larvae, E) Larvae over topsoil, F) Pupal chambers over topsoil.</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34665674B012841BBA5FA079D06EAA3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B012841BBA5FA079E9FEC57" blockId="3.[707,1193,1469,1731]" lastBlockId="6.[152,639,941,1736]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B012844BBA5FA079D94ECD6" bold="true" box="[731,1000,1469,1491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Description of Third Instar</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A694B012844BA8DFA079A1CECD6" box="[1011,1120,1469,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Figs. 2C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A694B012844BD16FA079AE2ECD6" box="[1128,1182,1469,1490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">3A–J</figureCitation>
): Body length
<quantity id="4CA49B094B012844BA3EFA629D9BECE9" box="[832,999,1496,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.348" metricValueMax="3.772" metricValueMin="2.924" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="33.48" valueMax="37.72" valueMin="29.24">29.24–37.72 mm</quantity>
, mean =
<quantity id="4CA49B094B012844BD3EFA629AD9ECE9" box="[1088,1189,1496,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.314" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="33.14">33.14 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B012844BBBDFA499CB3EF0C" box="[707,719,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">n</emphasis>
= 9 (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B012844BA7DFA489D2CEF03" box="[771,848,1522,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B012844BA1CFA489DE5EF03" bold="true" box="[866,921,1522,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A694B012844BAD8FA489D89EF03" box="[934,1013,1522,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
): Maximum width of head capsule 4.0–
<quantity id="4CA49B094B012844BAEBF9B79D99EF26" box="[917,997,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
. Cranium: Smooth, color yellowish brown. Frons with median longitudinal depression, a single posterior frontal seta, without anterior frontal and external setae, and a single anterior angle seta. Dorsoepicranium with 1 large and 6–8 small setae in a line diverging from mediobasal portion of head and 1 lateral line of 6 short setae on each side. Tentorial pits lacking. Stemmata absent. Clypeus: Shape subtrapezoidal with 2 posterior clypeal setae and 2 exterior clypeal setae at each side. Preclypeus weakly sclerotized and without setae. Labrum:Anterior border trilobed, clithra present. Antenna: First antennomere shorter than the 2 following antennomeres together. Last antennomere with 2 dorsal, 1 ventral, and 3 apical sensory spots (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B062843B858F9FB9FEBEF52" box="[294,407,1601,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Figs. 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Epipharynx (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B062843BB5BF9FB9C0EEF52" box="[549,626,1601,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
): Plegmata absent. Corypha with 8 long, stout setae. Haptomeral region with a curved row of 10–12 heli and 8–10 stout, spine-like setae irregularly placed behind row. Acanthoparia with 7–8 short setae. Chaetoparia with 30–34 setae on each side. Dexiotorma long, laetorma short, and pternotorma small and rounded. Nesia with sensorial cone. Haptolachus without sensillae below the cone. Mandibles: Right mandible (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B062843BAC0FA6C9A78ECEF" box="[958,1028,1494,1516]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) with 1 scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and 2 weakly defined scissorial teeth posterior to notch. Stridulatory area elongate, length over 3 times its width. Molar area trilobed, lateral edge with 7 setae, dorsal surface on apical half with 2 setae. Brustia formed by 5 setae. Left mandible (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B062843BACBF9CC9D82EF8F" box="[949,1022,1654,1676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) with 1 scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and 2 well-defined scissorial teeth posterior to notch. Molar area trilobed, lateral edge with 5 setae, dorsal surface on apical half with 2 setae. Basomedian angle with brustia consisting of 6 setae. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B072842B881F9FB9C32EF53" box="[511,590,1601,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
): Mala with large uncus at apex and 1 subterminal, bifid uncus. Stridulatory area with row of 3–4 curved, acute teeth and a distal, blunt process. Labium (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B072842B9CAF9169F7CEFC5" box="[180,256,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
): Hypopharyngeal sclerome asymmetrical, left side with 6–7 setae, right side more prominent, sclerotized except for a basal, unsclerotized, circular area without setae.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B072842BA08F9F89DB5EF53" bold="true" box="[886,969,1602,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Thorax:</emphasis>
Thoracic spiracles with C-shaped respiratory plate, size 1.0 mm high and
<quantity id="4CA49B094B072842BBBDF9CD9D67EF88" box="[707,795,1655,1677]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
wide. Dorsal area of thoracic segments with abundant setae.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B072842BAF2F9289DBFEFA3" bold="true" box="[908,963,1682,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Legs:</emphasis>
Tarsungulus cylindrical (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B072842BBB7F9169D6FEFC5" box="[713,787,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
), rounded apically, possessing 9–11 setae.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B9E6FC179F7FEAC6" bold="true" box="[152,259,941,962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Spiracles of abdominal segments I–VIII similar in size, distance between the 2 lobes of the spiracle respiratory plates less than the dorsoventral diameter of the bulla (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841B806FC479FC1ED16" box="[376,445,1021,1043]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of segments I–X with abundant long and short setae irregularly placed, longer posteriorly. Dorsum of segment VII with 2 annulets. Segments IX and X fused, covered with short and long setae. Spiracular area of abdominal segments I–VIII with 42–55 setae. Raster (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841B99EFB279F48EDB6" box="[224,308,1181,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841B842FB279F2FEDB6" box="[316,339,1181,1202]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-117@5.[173,1193,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Gymnetis merops, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last anten- nomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">3J</figureCitation>
): Palidia monostichous, opened posteriorly and closed anteriorly, each palidium consisting of a row of 19–23 spiniform pali. Septula elongate, length around 10 times its width. Lower anal lip with many short and medium size setae prox- imally to the anal aperture and many long setae distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2366644B062843B9CEFB759CA4EC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" startId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" targetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B062843B9CEFB759CA4EC2F" blockId="4.[152,1171,1231,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B062843B9CEFB759E9BEDE6" bold="true" box="[176,231,1231,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B062843B983FB6A9FECEDE6" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[253,400,1232,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B062843B983FB6A9FECEDE6" box="[253,400,1232,1251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Gymnetis merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2366644B072842B9B8FA3F9F51ECE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" startId="5.[198,229,1413,1432]" targetBox="[173,1181,203,1382]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B072842B9B8FA3F9F51ECE5" blockId="5.[173,1193,1413,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B072842B9B8FA3F9E81EC9C" bold="true" box="[198,253,1413,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B072842B86CFA3C9FDAEC9C" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[274,422,1414,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B072842B86CFA3C9FDAEC9C" box="[274,422,1414,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Gymnetis merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, third instar larva.A) Head, frontal view, B) Last antennomere, dorsal view, C) Last antennomere, ventral view, D) Epipharynx, E) Right mandible, ventral view, F) Left mandible, ventral view, G) Hypopharynx and left maxilla, ventral view, H) Tarsungulus of posterior leg, I) Abdominal spiracle, J) Raster. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–J = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2366644B042841B9CEFCDA9C38EA70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243757" box="[176,580,864,884]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" startId="6.[176,207,864,883]" targetBox="[152,638,194,847]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B042841B9CEFCDA9C38EA70" blockId="6.[176,580,864,884]" box="[176,580,864,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B9CEFCDA9E94EA70" bold="true" box="[176,232,864,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B042841B8D5FCDB9C43EA77" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[427,575,865,884]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B8D5FCDB9C43EA77" box="[427,575,865,884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Gymnetis merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B042841B9CEFAED9D06EAA3" blockId="6.[152,639,941,1736]" lastBlockId="6.[685,1173,194,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B9CEFAED9F01EC69" bold="true" box="[176,381,1367,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Description of Pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841B8F2FAED9F89EC69" box="[396,501,1367,1389]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Figs. 2E–I</figureCitation>
): Body length
<quantity id="4CA49B094B042841B9E6FAC89F40EC8C" box="[152,316,1394,1416]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2515" metricValueMax="2.416" metricValueMin="2.087" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="22.515" valueMax="24.16" valueMin="20.87">20.87–24.16 mm</quantity>
, mean =
<quantity id="4CA49B094B042841B8EEFAC89F8FEC8C" box="[400,499,1394,1416]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.252" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="22.52">22.52 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B882FAC99C74EC8C" box="[508,520,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">n</emphasis>
= 12. Shape subovate, stout, exarate. Color light testaceous. Entire body with very fine, velvety microtrichia.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B9E6FA789EABECD3" bold="true" box="[152,215,1474,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Head:</emphasis>
Glabrous, bent downward, mouthparts sep- arated.Clypeus trapezoidal,slightly concave.Antenna, labrum, mandibles, maxillae and palps discernible; antennal tecae expanded, stout, with rounded apices. Compound eyes sunken, partially covered by anterior edges of pronotum.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841B8ECF9F29F99EF59" bold="true" box="[402,485,1608,1629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum glabrous, convex, with defined margins, subheptagonal, widest posteriorly, with 2 rounded protuberances adjacent to the pteroteca, basal margin slightly bis- inuate, center of base projecting posteriorly as in adult.A narrow, median, longitudinal sulcus extend- ing from apex to near base. Meso- and metascutella acute, projecting posteriorly. Thoracic spiracle present in cavity formed by anterior and middle legs, hypomeron, and pterothecae. Pteroteca free, com- pressed around body, hind wing teca longer, reach- ing abdominal sternite IV. Mesometasternal process with rounded apex emerging between pro- and me- socoxae. Metasternum wider than long. Protibia with 3 well-defined protuberances and 1 apical spur. Meso- and metatibiae with 2 apical spurs.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BD25FE769AEEE8E5" bold="true" box="[1115,1170,460,481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Legs:</emphasis>
Protibia with 3 short teeth on external apical border and tuberculiform apical spurs. Meso- and metatibiae each with 2 well-developed inner spurs. Metafemur covered by pterotheca. Tarsomeres and pretarsus distinct; protibial pretarsi at level of me- sofemur, mesotibial pretarsi at level of metafemur, metatibial pretarsi at level of abdominal sternite VIII.
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BBD3FD1B9D6BEBB2" bold="true" box="[685,791,673,694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergites II–VI with tergo-lateral surface rugose, segment VII vaguely or devoid of rugosities. Dioneiform organs absent. Spiracle I ovate with sclerotized peritreme covered by the hind wing pteroteca and protected by a fleshy fold. Spiracles II–IV ovate, prominent. Spiracles V–VIII closed. Female pupa (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841BBCAFCF89C82EA53" box="[692,766,834,856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
) with genital ampulla convex and wide on surface of sternite IX. Male pupa (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841BA90FCE69A51EA75" box="[1006,1069,860,882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[176,207,1231,1250]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-212@4.[151,1171,193,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Gymnetis merops. Adult: A) Holotype from La Libertad, Viru (UNSM), B) Specimen from Lima, Los Olivos (MEKRB). Third instar larva: C) Lateral view, D) Last abdominal segments. Female pupa: E) Dorsal view, F) Lateral view, G) Ventral view, H) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Male pupa: I) Ventral view of apex with genital ampulla. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; H, I = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243753/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
) with genital ampulla formed by 2 large, semicircular lobes on surface of sternite IX.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34665674B042840BBBBFC169F82ED67" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B042840BBBBFC169F42E8A8" blockId="6.[685,1173,194,1736]" lastBlockId="7.[173,660,194,1123]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BBBBFC169A59EAC6" bold="true" box="[709,1061,940,962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Distribution and Natural History.</emphasis>
According to label data of specimens examined at MEKRB, MUSM, SENASA, UNASAM, and UNPRG, and published records by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B042841BAF0FC469A4CED15" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[910,1072,1020,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref5449" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 2018. A monographic revision of the genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 31: 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2018">Ratcliffe (2018)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B042841BD3EFC469C8CED28" author="Di Iorio, O." pageId="6" pageNumber="104" pagination="281 - 318" refId="ref4747" refString="Di Iorio, O. 2014. A review of the natural history of adult Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Argentina and adjacent countries. Zootaxa 3790: 281 - 318. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3790.2.3." type="journal article" year="2014">Di Iorio (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, and Juárez-Noé and González-Coronado (2018, 2019),
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B042841BA4CFB889DEEED43" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[818,914,1074,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BA4CFB889DEEED43" box="[818,914,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in dry forest and coastal desert ecoregions to the Peruvian Andes from
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B042841BA5EFBDD9D2DED79" box="[800,849,1127,1149]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Piura</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B042841BA13FBDD9DF5ED78" box="[877,905,1127,1148]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Ica</collectingRegion>
(5°–
<geoCoordinate id="EE68502B4B042841BAC9FBDD9D99ED79" box="[951,997,1127,1149]" degrees="14" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" precision="55555" value="-14.0">14°S</geoCoordinate>
) and also recorded in some localities from interandean valleys, mon- tane forest, and tropical rainforest ecoregions east of the Andes (
<figureCitation id="13672A694B042841BA47FB0D9D0AEDC8" box="[825,886,1207,1229]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[176,207,864,883]" captionTargetBox="[152,638,194,847]" captionTargetId="figure-682@6.[152,638,193,847]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution map of Gymnetis merops." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Interestingly, many records of this species are located in anthropogenic envi- ronments, such as urban green areas and agricultural valleys as verified by our field observations.Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B042841BBB6FA989D57EC33" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[712,811,1314,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BBB6FA989D57EC33" box="[712,811,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been observed feeding on a va- riety of sugar-rich food sources, such as apples (Tejada and Morón 2015), bananas (Gonzáles and Cabrera 2015), grapes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B042841BAEBFAC89A7FEC83" author="Deza, V. A." box="[917,1027,1394,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" refId="ref4702" refString="Deza, V. A. 2019. Fluctuacion Poblacional y Estrategias de Manejo Integrado de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en el Cultivo de Vid Red Globe. Masters Thesis. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru." type="book" year="2019">Deza 2019</bibRefCitation>
; Gonzales and Cabrera 2017;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B042841BA3DFA369A38ECA5" author="Narrea-Cango, M. &amp; Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S." box="[835,1092,1420,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" pagination="466 - 471" refId="ref5358" refString="Narrea-Cango, M., J. Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S. Picho- Gomez, and M. E. Vargas-Flores. 2013. Uso de nematodos entomopatogenos para el control de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Peru. Entomologia Mexicana 1: 466 - 471." type="journal article" year="2013">
Narrea-Cango
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B042841BAAAFA379A74ECA5" box="[980,1032,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), honey (Tejada and Morón 2015), mangos (Gonzáles and Cabrera 2017), prickly pears (Juárez-Noé and González-Coronado 2019), and sunflowers (Gonzáles and Cabrera 2015). The larvae are capa- ble of developing in well-drained soils, under accu- mulations of uncomposted organic matter or decomposing foliage that are usually found in cul- tivated fields and urban gardens (Tejada and Morón 2015 and our field observations). It is considered a pest species in vineyards due to the significant dam- age caused by adults feeding on buds and mature fruits, and larvae, which eat roots (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840BB77FF789F68E9F5" author="Narrea-Cango, M. &amp; Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="105" pagination="466 - 471" refId="ref5358" refString="Narrea-Cango, M., J. Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S. Picho- Gomez, and M. E. Vargas-Flores. 2013. Uso de nematodos entomopatogenos para el control de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Peru. Entomologia Mexicana 1: 466 - 471." type="journal article" year="2013">
Narrea-Cango
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B9D3FF679EA4E9F5" box="[173,216,220,242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
and label data cited by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840B885FF669CF5E9F5" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[507,649,220,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref5449" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 2018. A monographic revision of the genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 31: 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2018">Ratcliffe 2018</bibRefCitation>
). In these scenarios, methods used for population control include foliage pruning, insecticide applica- tion, hand collecting of larvae, and adult capture with fruit-baited traps (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840B8FCFEFD9F96E858" author="Deza, V. A." box="[386,490,327,348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" refId="ref4702" refString="Deza, V. A. 2019. Fluctuacion Poblacional y Estrategias de Manejo Integrado de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en el Cultivo de Vid Red Globe. Masters Thesis. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru." type="book" year="2019">Deza 2019</bibRefCitation>
), as well as assays with entomopathogenic nematodes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840BB77FED89F6FE896" author="Narrea-Cango, M. &amp; Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="105" pagination="466 - 471" refId="ref5358" refString="Narrea-Cango, M., J. Malpartida-Zevallos, C. S. Picho- Gomez, and M. E. Vargas-Flores. 2013. Uso de nematodos entomopatogenos para el control de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Peru. Entomologia Mexicana 1: 466 - 471." type="journal article" year="2013">
Narrea-Cango
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B9D3FEC79EABE895" box="[173,215,380,402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and toxic plant exudates (Gonzáles and Cabrera 2017).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B052840B9BBFE089CF6EB49" blockId="7.[173,660,194,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
The life cycle of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B80DFE089FA4E8C3" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[371,472,434,455]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B80DFE089FA4E8C3" box="[371,472,434,455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was studied under laboratory conditions in
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B052840B8E4FE769F9EE8E6" box="[410,482,460,482]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
(20 °C, 93% RH) (Gonzáles and Cabrera 2015) and
<collectingRegion id="4998F80E4B052840BB70FE529C57E8F9" box="[526,555,488,509]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Ica</collectingRegion>
(21.7 °C, 68.7% RH) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840B85CFDB89FF7EB13" author="Deza, V. A." box="[290,395,514,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" refId="ref4702" refString="Deza, V. A. 2019. Fluctuacion Poblacional y Estrategias de Manejo Integrado de Gymnetis sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en el Cultivo de Vid Red Globe. Masters Thesis. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru." type="book" year="2019">Deza 2019</bibRefCitation>
).According to these studies, the duration of egg, larval, and pupa stages were approximately 14, 195, and 45 days, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336EC4B052840B9BBFDE89F82ED67" blockId="7.[173,660,194,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
In most studies conducted in
<collectingCountry id="F34B767C4B052840B8A3FDE89C77EB63" box="[477,523,594,615]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Peru</collectingCountry>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B9D3FDD79F6FEB86" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[173,275,621,642]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B9D3FDD79F6FEB86" box="[173,275,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained unidentified or were errone- ously assigned to other superficially similar species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B982FD189C42EBB3" authority="Janson, 1880" authorityName="Janson" authorityYear="1880" box="[252,574,674,695]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balzarica">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B982FD189FC5EBB3" box="[252,441,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Gymnetis balzarica</emphasis>
Janson, 1880
</taxonomicName>
(Juárez-Noé and González-Coronado 2018),
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840BB76FD079F05EBE8" authority="Schaum, 1844" authorityName="Schaum" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandii">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840BB76FD079E93EBE8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Gymnetis bonplandii</emphasis>
Schaum, 1844
</taxonomicName>
(Gonzáles and Cabrera 2015), or
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B9B7FD489CEFEA03" authority="Gory and Percheron, 1833" authorityName="Gory and Percheron" authorityYear="1833" box="[201,659,754,776]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B9B7FD489FF6EA03" box="[201,394,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Gymnetis chevrolati</emphasis>
Gory and Percheron, 1833
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B9A8FCB79C24EA27" authority="(Tejada and Moron 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Tejada and Moron" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[214,600,781,803]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pudibunda">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B9A8FCB79F26EA26" box="[214,346,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">G. pudibunda</emphasis>
(Tejada and Morón 2015)
</taxonomicName>
. After revision of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B8F5FC929CF3EA38" authority="(Ratcliffe 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Ratcliffe" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[395,655,807,829]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B8F5FC929F9AEA39" box="[395,486,808,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Gymnetis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840B888FC9D9CF4EA38" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[502,648,807,829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref5449" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 2018. A monographic revision of the genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 31: 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2018">Ratcliffe 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, adult specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B815FCF89FACEA5C" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[363,464,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B815FCF89FACEA5C" box="[363,464,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be reliably distinguished from these species based on available geographic distribution and morphological diagno- ses. Following the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1D4B052840BB43FC289E9CEAC6" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref5449" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 2018. A monographic revision of the genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 31: 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2018">Ratcliffe 2018</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D6F4B052840B991FC179F2CEAC6" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2018" box="[239,336,941,962]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merops">
<emphasis id="B928EAFE4B052840B991FC179F2CEAC6" box="[239,336,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">G. merops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults are characterized by a combination of pronotum velutinous black with pale yellow lines; mesometaventral process relatively slender, projecting forward and slightly downwards from ventral axis of body; elytra velutinous black with extensive, irregular pattern of pale yellow; and lateral marginal bead shiny yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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