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<document id="A2FBC8B50145C0B47EE60991FE33E9C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="5899" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fce50f60-b834-424f-9a19-cf4601ffd2a3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921345" ID-ZooBank="3F94E1C8-2F49-4B85-86E3-48341F17A358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623281889193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rafael, José Albertino &amp; Marques, Dayse Willkenia A." docDate="2021" docId="03F5878CFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC205AB7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4981.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4981 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="511" masterDocId="FFCCFFF4FFC3FFFF7546AA0DC66DAC5B" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="530" masterPageNumber="506" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1699009141239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="669D8B1C6E2E26ACEB27F0B8B5731510">
<mods:title id="5681AC552DC86A731BBA546ED1BB42B9">Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F69EB5471E3E85D580A63DAA0DF4F46D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F62CA50D65039821AA4BFBFE4DE783DE">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="72920547CE472ED8DE6680ABD3C7904F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0170-0514</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C664F9FEA319F87DB8356CC6C40426ED">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. jarafael @ inpa. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D55DAD56C20B4375AEF3C55C8EC98BE0" type="email">jarafael@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="89E66BCEF74D71BC699BAC4FC89361A6">Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1AD11EE92F7C75C028CF1F37B1EB883B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7260-5760</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8D565A0221DD24F490FCEB396E23C20C">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. willkenia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="075C8589B55CEA2CDD7A5B92B76F8F62" type="email">willkenia@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="22DD5D9BA5CEDE444B1644DED00584CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F1835E470E797060FD5933E3BAD8788E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8A236F8032EFC1363F2C861FA7F3722">2021-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="353ABD96D94AB82BAF9ED91AAB3A31D5">4981</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="699F6BCDE137FA15F81B3756D7A179FF">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F5878CFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC205AB7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183228123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5878CFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC205AB7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5878CFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC205AB7F" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC487A84B" box="[151,746,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC487A84B" blockId="5.[151,746,1014,1077]" box="[151,746,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<heading id="D0AB81F6FFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC487A84B" bold="true" box="[151,746,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC487A84B" ID-CoL="9HS8Z" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,746,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC487A84B" bold="true" box="[151,746,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC780A84A" bold="true" box="[151,493,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Macrostomus melanothorax</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA75D1AE16C74FA86E" box="[151,290,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA75D1AE16C74FA86E" blockId="5.[151,746,1014,1077]" box="[151,290,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA75D9AE16C777A86E" box="[159,282,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Figs 4A–L</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC36FA82C" box="[151,1282,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC36FA82C" blockId="5.[151,1282,1119,1144]" box="[151,1282,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11B4FFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC36FA82C" box="[151,1282,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD108BFFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC487A82C" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M." box="[151,746,1119,1143]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B3435F795FFF92BEA67E82C9E0FC63" page="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC487A82C" ID-CoL="9HS8Z" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009: 45" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,746,1119,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA75D1AE6DC7DEA82C" box="[151,435,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Macrostomus melanothorax</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B343CC7FFC6FFFA74FCAE52C487A82C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312253324" box="[442,746,1119,1143]" country="Brazil" location="Amazonas" municipality="Jau National Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="1">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B6BFFC6FFFA74FCAE52C487A82C" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M." box="[442,746,1119,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" pagination="39 - 56" refId="ref17286" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2009) Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). I. The ferrugineus species-group. Zootaxa, 2064 (1), 39 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2064.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009: 45</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54E78838FFC6FFFA77B2AE6DC54BA823" box="[756,806,1120,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFC6FFFA76C0AE52C5ABA82C" box="[902,966,1119,1143]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E836041FFC6FFFA7689AE52C250A82C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5878CFFC6FFFA75D1A9FAC205AB7F:8E836041FFC6FFFA7689AE52C250A82C" box="[975,1085,1119,1143]" country="Brazil" municipality="Jau National Park" name="Amazonas" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Amazonas</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACE0FFC6FFFA7100AE52C293A82C" box="[1094,1278,1119,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Jaú National Park</collectingMunicipality>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA75D1AEA8C408AA73" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA75D1AEA8C595A928" blockId="5.[151,1437,1189,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA75D1AEA8C731A8E4" bold="true" box="[151,348,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Diagnosis. Male.</emphasis>
Postcranium black with gray pruinescence; thorax and abdomen shiny black, legs predominantly yellow (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA75B2AEC4C73DA8B8" box="[244,336,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); distal section of vein M
<subScript id="17D834DFFFC6FFFA772AAED1C419A8B1" attach="left" box="[620,628,1244,1258]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">4</subScript>
longer than vein dm-m (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA76CFAEC4C58DA8B8" box="[905,992,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); male tergite 8 acute distally (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7071AEC4C3E2A8B8" box="[1335,1423,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); epandrium with posterodorsal lobe somewhat thin and higher than anterodorsal lobe (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7115AEE0C2C2A95C" box="[1107,1199,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
); anterior cercus narrow, with distinct falciform mesial process (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA77C6AF1CC4BEA970" box="[640,723,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); cercal bridge small, subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7124AF1CC2D8A970" box="[1122,1205,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); median cercus well elevated with distinct setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA748DAF38C44DA914" box="[459,544,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
); posterior cercus with three branches distally (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7167AF38C2FBA90B" box="[1057,1174,1333,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Figs 4E, F</figureCitation>
); ventral process of cercus inconspicuous; hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA74B9AF54C439A928" box="[511,596,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) with few posterior setae at basal half.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA7581AF70C2E4AA58" blockId="5.[151,1437,1189,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA7581AF70C773A9CC" bold="true" box="[199,286,1405,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7468AF70C713A9CC" box="[302,382,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Without pinnate scales on hind tibia; wing approximately as wide as male wing, rather hyaline; tergite 8 elongate, wider at base, with distal sinus (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7651AFACC504A9E0" box="[791,873,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
); sternite 8 higher laterally on posterior third and ventrally with two less sclerotized spots at distal one quarter (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7617AFC8C5A7A9BB" box="[849,970,1477,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Figs 4J, K</figureCitation>
); genital fork well sclerotized, slightly Tshaped (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA75B2AFE4C726AA58" box="[244,331,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
), with genital chamber membranous with small sclerotized area (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFC6FFFA7163AFE4C210AA58" box="[1061,1149,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA7581AC00C408AA73" blockId="5.[151,1437,1189,1828]" box="[199,613,1549,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA7581AC00C7BCAA7C" bold="true" box="[199,465,1549,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Geographical records.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFC6FFFA749EAC00C472AA7C" box="[472,543,1549,1575]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFC6FFFA776CAC03C40CAA73" box="[554,609,1550,1576]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA7581AC3CC5EBAA10" box="[199,902,1585,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA7581AC3CC5EBAA10" blockId="5.[151,1437,1189,1828]" box="[199,902,1585,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA7581AC3CC7DCAA10" bold="true" box="[199,433,1585,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Material examined.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B6BFFC6FFFA7716AC3CC5EFAA10" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M." box="[592,898,1585,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" pagination="39 - 56" refId="ref17286" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2009) Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). I. The ferrugineus species-group. Zootaxa, 2064 (1), 39 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2064.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466511FFC6FFFA7581AC58C205AB7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFC6FFFA7581AC58C205AB7F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1189,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA7581AC58C756AA34" bold="true" box="[199,315,1621,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was described based on both sexes from
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFC6FFFA76EFAC58C580AA34" box="[937,1005,1621,1647]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4998F878FFC6FFFA76B8AC58C217AA34" box="[1022,1146,1621,1647]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
: Novo Airão and Manaus municipalities) and
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD13FFC6FFFA7432AC77C782AAC8" box="[372,495,1657,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFC6FFFA77E7AC77C4B9AACF" box="[673,724,1658,1684]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4998F878FFC6FFFA77A4AC74C5E0AAC8" box="[738,909,1657,1683]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
: Manu Reserve, Pakitza). The latter needs to be associated with a male specimen from the same locality in order to ensure it is conspecific with Brazilian specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA75F3ACCFC718AA80" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[181,373,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA75F3ACCFC718AA80" box="[181,373,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">M. melanothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, this species is externally very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA7693ACCFC23FAA80" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[981,1106,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA7693ACCFC23FAA80" box="[981,1106,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">M. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the pattern of the wing and it will be necessary to study the female genitalia of the
<typeStatus id="54E78838FFC6FFFA764AACE8C503AAA4" box="[780,878,1765,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA76D3ACEBC279AAA4" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[917,1044,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA76D3ACEBC279AAA4" box="[917,1044,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">M. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unfortunately not drawn 30 years ago) in order to verify a possible synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA77AAAD07C507AB78" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[748,874,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA77AAAD07C507AB78" box="[748,874,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">M. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFC6FFFA76E6AD07C20CAB78" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[928,1121,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFC6FFFA76E6AD07C20CAB78" box="[928,1121,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">M. melanothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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