248 lines
30 KiB
XML
248 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="34735CB6DFA7F4FEF0568AD00B1BF9D1" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624287261" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2007" docId="03CE87EB496A0703FF36FF1FFC1BDA15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01404p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1404" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Spinorthocladius enigmaticus Published 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFF7FF9349730719FFA1FF88FFC8DE5F" masterDocTitle="Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698992602245" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E01DDA2E524F7B6D1FA028C9AE3D6F02">
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<mods:title id="D9A9BD5F1F2180778914F23DE228E23C">Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="25F06151EF0744A238C43C2F11FAAE16" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6EEDE5FEF2C1A6551807F3A0AAB27980">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B355371ECC4DD963F1AA541FAE69267F">Published, First</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2456CC2004129601D289C2302DB53C13">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EDBFEFA136329E43E4EEB4D713642BB8">
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<mods:title id="D2FDBD936E0CCF3C0A7D9129B065D4E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CF4EDA85095028FD9175343A17DDC929">
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<mods:date id="21ECE97A7BC0F1628E7C6795CB451DC6">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9D33FA316536D73D328013E1873E05B5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0628C3E2F13767785E0CA253F0424E35">2007-02-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7952E4C8CB48DFE686940FC8628197FC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7AFDD4C826176CBEAA58C1F8EA8DD931">1404</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="501FFFB63CD0AE203AD11958A9E348BD" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="DC7AC9F08742FB2D38D6AC978F7BAF87">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="89B3185D92A0388B38D314C859E840A0">66</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="AA7F530712054064A8CC33B54DB08588">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6412BFE1430BCA337D10E7DBE7ECA004" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CE87EB496A0703FF36FF1FFC1BDA15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87EB496A0703FF36FF1FFC1BDA15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87EB496A0703FF36FF1FFC1BDA15" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C37D6576496A0700FF36FF1FFD81DEEE" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD496A0700FF36FF1FFD81DEEE" blockId="25.[151,585,151,212]" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0908191496A0700FF36FF1FFD81DEEE" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF36FF1FFD81DEEE" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496A0700FF36FF1FFDC8DEEE" ID-CoL="8F4K6" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,512,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enigmaticus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF36FF1FFDC8DEEE" bold="true" box="[151,512,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spinorthocladius enigmaticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205794496A0700FDA6FF1FFD81DEEE" box="[519,585,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6576496A0700FF36FF32FF35DE8B" box="[151,253,186,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD496A0700FF36FF32FF35DE8B" blockId="25.[151,585,151,212]" box="[151,253,186,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135C2A78496A0700FF3EFF32FF3DDE8B" box="[159,245,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="25.[151,255,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[304,1284,398,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-342@25.[265,1321,369,1235]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 22. Spinorthocladius enigmaticus n. gen., n. sp., holotype PA 2355, drawing of habitus (scale bar = 1 mm), drawing of male genitalia (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6576496A0700FF36FE82FD42DF13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD496A0700FF36FE82FD42DF13" blockId="25.[151,1364,266,332]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF36FE82FEEFDF7B" bold="true" box="[151,295,266,292]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology:</emphasis>
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This species is named after the enigmatic affinities of this taxon within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496A0700FB3FFE82FA98DF7B" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1182,1360,266,292]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF67FEBAFEF6DF13" bold="true" box="[198,318,306,332]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Same as that for the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF186675496A0700FF36FB63FD5CDB7A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,255,1259,1283]" targetBox="[304,1284,398,1204]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD496A0700FF36FB63FD5CDB7A" blockId="25.[151,1437,1259,1317]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF36FB63FEE0DB5C" bold="true" box="[151,296,1259,1283]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496A0700FE90FB64FDB9DB5C" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[305,625,1260,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enigmaticus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FE90FB64FDB9DB5C" box="[305,625,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spinorthocladius enigmaticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205794496A0700FDD8FB64FCC7DB5C" box="[633,783,1260,1283]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype PA 2355, drawing of habitus (scale bar = 1 mm), drawing of male genitalia (scale bar = 0.1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6576496A0703FF67FA08FF33DF0D" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD496A0703FF67FA08FF33DF0D" blockId="25.[151,1439,1408,2001]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1440,152,1098]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF496A0700FF67FA08FEA9DBC5" bold="true" box="[198,353,1408,1434]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description:</emphasis>
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Head deformed,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FD99FA09FD6DDBC4" box="[568,677,1409,1435]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
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long; ocelli absent; antenna
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FBA8FA09FBBDDBC4" box="[1033,1141,1409,1435]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
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long, much longer than head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FB90FA21FB53DB9C" box="[1073,1179,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
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long, longest
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FAE3FA21FA54DB9C" box="[1346,1436,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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long), pedicel broad and short, rounded, 13th flagellomere very long; eyes bare, with small dorsomedial extension, with 3 rows of ommatidia at minimum width; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; 5 palpomeres with numerous setae; clypeus with few dorsal setae; 4 postocular setae, few outer vertical setae, frontal and inner vertical setae absent. Thorax
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FD19F9C1FCD1D83C" box="[696,793,1609,1635]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FCD0F9C1FC29D83C" box="[881,993,1609,1635]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.84">0.84 mm</quantity>
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high; postnotum bare, with visible longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with 8 long setae; scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals absent, dorsocentrals biserial; scutum without median longitudinal groove; 3 prealar and 1 supraalar setae; epimeron II, posterior mesanepisternum II and dorsal antepronotum bare. Wing macropterous,
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FB2AF949FB2ED884" box="[1163,1254,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FA95F949FA56D884" box="[1332,1438,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
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wide, hyaline, membrane bare; anal vein An
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<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FD3AF971FD6BD958" attach="left" box="[667,675,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2</subScript>
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absent; radius with 3 branches R
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||
<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FB87F971FBE6D958" attach="right" box="[1062,1070,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</subScript>
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||
, R
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||
<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FBF1F971FBA0D958" attach="left" box="[1104,1128,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2+3</subScript>
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||
and R
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<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FB15F971FB05D958" attach="left" box="[1204,1229,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4+5</subScript>
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||
, R
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<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FB4EF971FAC0D958" attach="left" box="[1263,1288,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2+3</subScript>
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not divided; costa ending just beyond insertion of last branch of radius, produced by
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FC57F89CFBAAD971" box="[1014,1122,1812,1838]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
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, less than length of crossvein
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<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F496A0700FF72F8B4FEC8D909" box="[211,256,1852,1878]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">RM</collectingRegion>
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||
(
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FEB3F8B4FE4BD909" box="[274,387,1852,1878]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
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); only M
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<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FE50F8C4FDC2D905" attach="left" box="[497,522,1868,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1+2</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="17E334B8496A0700FDFCF8C4FDBED905" attach="left" box="[605,630,1868,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3+4</subScript>
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present; crossvein MCu absent; anal lobe well developed; squama fringed. Halter
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FEECF8EFFE60D9DE" box="[333,424,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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long. Fore femur
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FD22F8EFFD24D9DE" box="[643,748,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
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long, tibia
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FCD7F8EFFC17D9DE" box="[886,991,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
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long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FBDBF8EFFB1CD9DE" box="[1146,1236,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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long; mid femur
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FF36F807FF3BD9F6" box="[151,243,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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long, tibia
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FEDFF807FE20D9F6" box="[382,488,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
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long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FD25F807FD17D9F6" box="[644,735,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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||
long; hind femur
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FC1AF807FBEDD9F6" box="[955,1061,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
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||
long, tibia
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FB10F807FAC4D9F6" box="[1201,1292,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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||
long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B18496A0700FF36F83FFF36D98E" box="[151,254,1975,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.02">1.02 mm</quantity>
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||
long; ta4 of all legs cylindrical, not cordiform; fore tibia with 1 long spur, mid and hind tibiae with 2 long spurs; presence of welldeveloped hind tibial comb; ta1 and ta2 of mid and hind tibiae with 2 strong spurs, claw on all legs simple; pulvilli absent. Abdomen
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FC91FF48FC41DE85" box="[816,905,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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||
long,
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FC72FF48FBE5DE85" box="[979,1069,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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wide; gonostylus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FAA2FF48FA94DE85" box="[1283,1372,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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||
long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FF36FF60FF37DF5D" box="[151,255,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
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||
wide, hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward, with apical megasetae; 1 strong spur at apex of gonocoxite, gonocoxite (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FE21FE98FE22DF75" box="[384,490,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FDC0FE98FD03DF75" box="[609,715,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
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||
wide) with long setae; anal point present, but very small and reduced.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649690703FF67FED7FBC9DA7D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49690703FF67FED7FBC9DA7D" blockId="26.[151,1440,152,1098]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FF67FED7FE9CDF26" bold="true" box="[198,340,351,377]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion:</emphasis>
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In the key to dipteran families of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FD7CFEE8FC63DF25" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[733,939,352,378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="89 - 124" refId="ref38752" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1981) Key to families, adult. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 89 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1981">McAlpine (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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, these fossils fall in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FAB5FEE8FF0BDFFD" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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. In the keys to Nearctic genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FDD0FE00FCDFDFFD" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[625,791,392,418]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="423 - 457" refId="ref39516" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1981) Chironomidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 423 - 457." type="book chapter" year="1981">Oliver (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the key to Holarctic subfamilies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FB7BFE00FF20DF95" author="Oliver, D. R. & Dillon, M. E." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="11 - 15" refId="ref39667" refString="Oliver, D. R. & Dillon, M. E. (1989) The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - key to subfamilies. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.). Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica, (Supplement), 34, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliver & Dillon (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the key to Palaearctic subfamilies in Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FC86FE38FC92DF96" box="[807,858,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FC65FE38FB44DF96" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[964,1164,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FC65FE38FB44DF96" box="[964,1164,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FB32FE38FB2ADF95" box="[1171,1250,432,458]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
falls in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FF4FFE50FE54DFAD" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[238,412,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the following characters: macropterous, wing extending posterior to first abdominal segment; crossvein MCu absent; tarsomere ta5 not trifid; gonostylus movable, folded inward; fore tarsomere ta1 shorter than fore tibia; and hind tibial comb consisting of free spiniform setae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FB75FDA0FA54DC1E" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[1236,1436,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FB75FDA0FA54DC1E" box="[1236,1436,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FF36FDD8FF2EDC35" box="[151,230,592,618]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
does not correspond to any of the described recent genera because it has one strong spur at the apex of the gonocoxite (see list of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FE52FDF0FD45DCCD" author="Ashe, P." box="[499,653,632,658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref36285" refString="Ashe, P. (1983) A catalogue of Chironomidae genera and subgenera of the World including synonyms (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, (Supplement), 17, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1983">Ashe (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for old genera, and the two internet sites: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/ and http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value= 128475). The phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FB13FD40FAB3DCBE" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[1202,1403,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FB13FD40FAB3DCBE" box="[1202,1403,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FA27FD40FF00DD55" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FEF4FD78FDCBDD55" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[341,515,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be established because the current phylogenies of this subfamily are based on a combination of characters of the adult, larva, and pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FC7CFC90FB41DD6D" author="Brundin, L." box="[989,1161,792,818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="5 - 185" refId="ref36396" refString="Brundin, L. (1956) Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae (Dipt. Chironomidae). Report of the Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm, 37, 5 - 185." type="journal article" year="1956">Brundin 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FB38FC90FAFBDD6D" author="Saether, O. A." box="[1177,1331,792,818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref40068" refString="Saether, O. A. (1976) Revision of Hydrobaenus, Trissocladius, Zalutschia, Paratrissocladius, and some related genera (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 195, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1976">Saether 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FAE5FC90FA58DD6D" author="Saether, O. A." box="[1348,1424,792,818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref40112" refString="Saether, O. A. (1977 a) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, i - viii + 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">1977a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FF36FCC8FE97DD06" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,351,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FF36FCC8FE97DD06" box="[151,351,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FEC9FCC8FE72DD05" box="[360,442,832,858]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be separated from the oldest fossil genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FC46FCC8FA53DD05" authority="Veltz et al., 2007" authorityName="Veltz" authorityYear="2007" box="[999,1435,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FC46FCC8FB0DDD06" box="[999,1221,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lebanorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FB6FFCC8FA53DD05" author="Veltz, I. & Azar, D. & Nel, A." box="[1230,1435,832,858]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref40826" refString="Veltz, I., Azar, D. & Nel, A. (2007) New chironomid flies in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae). African Invertebrates, 47 (in press)." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Veltz
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FAB5FCC8FA82DD06" box="[1300,1354,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber) by the same characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FCCDFCE0FBF7DDDD" author="Veltz, I. & Azar, D. & Nel, A." box="[876,1087,872,898]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref40826" refString="Veltz, I., Azar, D. & Nel, A. (2007) New chironomid flies in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae). African Invertebrates, 47 (in press)." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Veltz
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FC12FCE0FC20DDDE" box="[947,1000,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C49690703FBF4FCE0FAD8DDDD" author="Meunier, F." box="[1109,1296,872,898]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="274 - 286" refId="ref38969" refString="Meunier, F. (1916) Sur quelques Dipteres (Bombylidae, Leptidae, Dolichopodidae, Conopidae, Chironomidae) de l'ambre de la Baltique. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 5, 274 - 286." type="journal article" year="1916">Meunier (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the Baltic amber genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FE0CFC18FD81DDF6" authorityName="Meunier" authorityYear="1916" box="[429,585,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FE0CFC18FD81DDF6" box="[429,585,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cricotopiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on a single female, but it is poorly described and was not treated in a revision of Baltic amber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FE55FC30FD54DD8D" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[500,668,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Seredszus (2003). He indicated that it is similar to the recent genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FF43FC68FE3FDDA5" authority="Wulp, 1874" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[226,503,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FF43FC68FEACDDA6" box="[226,356,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cricotopus</emphasis>
|
||
Wulp, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is impossible to compare it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FCDBFC68FB8ADDA6" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[890,1090,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FCDBFC68FB8ADDA6" box="[890,1090,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FBEBFC68FB53DDA5" box="[1098,1179,992,1018]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, except for its smaller size (body
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FEB6FB80FE48DA7D" box="[279,384,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, instead of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849690703FDE5FB80FD64DA7D" box="[580,684,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49690703FD70FB80FC51DA7E" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[721,921,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spinorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FD70FB80FC51DA7E" box="[721,921,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spinorthocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449690703FC00FB80FC3BDA7D" box="[929,1011,1032,1058]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657649690703FF67FBA7FC1BDA15" box="[198,979,1071,1098]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49690703FF67FBA7FC1BDA15" blockId="26.[151,1440,152,1098]" box="[198,979,1071,1098]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49690703FF67FBA7FEF5DA16" bold="true" box="[198,317,1071,1097]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F49690703FEE5FBB8FE79DA15" box="[324,433,1072,1098]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 2355,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F49690703FD8DFBB8FD59DA15" box="[556,657,1072,1098]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 1742 (4/6), both males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |