treatments-xml/data/03/CE/87/03CE878D77785D65C7957E4DFA37FE98.xml

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<mods:title id="177D77C33B0DA65E815C867B40375DD1">The identity of Psilochironomus Sublette, 1966 (Chironomidae, Chironominae, Pseudochironomini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61F536E73282E3A9D6A9AA128CDC95FF">Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8E121CB80622E71911F53913A01425D0">University of Bergen, University Museum of Bergen, Department of Natural History; P. O. Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F878EFD2ED4945F5CCA97E82F2B281E6">Sanz-Laparra, Annui Malla</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6AAFC030A3ECA309F068513CA40F4A8F">University of Bergen, University Museum of Bergen, Department of Natural History; P. O. Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="794EB877F0CCF62654498CF7B1952800">Giłka, Wojciech</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82F4C7001FB344F1F1827F1ED3B743B2">University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Systematic Zoology; Wita Stwosza 59, 80 - 308 Gdańsk, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957E4DFD1DFAF4" blockId="6.[151,694,1302,1329]" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="D09081F777785D64C7957E4DFD1DFAF4" bold="true" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C7957E4DFD1DFAF4" bold="true" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Key to genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C66F7E4CFDCAFAF5" ID-CoL="87CY8" ID-ENA="72531" authority="Saether, 1977" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1977" box="[365,609,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
, males
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37D651077785D65C7957E06FA37FE98" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="key">
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957E06FA37FA4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957E06FA37FAB4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1372,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957E06FA37FAB4" box="[151,1436,1372,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">1. Extant species....................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957E23FA37FA4B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1401,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957E23FA37FA4B" box="[151,1436,1401,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">- Extinct species....................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957ECCFA36FA0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957ECCFA37FA6E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1430,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957ECCFA37FA6E" box="[151,1436,1430,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">2. With median volsella or pseudovolsella in addition to superior and inferior volsella................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957EEEFA36FA0F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1437,1459,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957EEEFA36FA0F" box="[151,1437,1459,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
- With only superior and inferior volsella, lacking median volsella or pseudovolsella. Neotropical...
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C3A27EE9FA36FA0F" ID-CoL="7482" authority="Sublette" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1966" box="[1184,1437,1459,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psilochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C3A27EE9FAE3FA0C" bold="true" box="[1184,1352,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Psilochironomus</emphasis>
Sublette
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957E8BFA37F9C6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957E8BFA37FA22" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1488,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957E8BFA37FA22" box="[151,1436,1488,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
3. With pars ventralis. Neotropical, Holarctic...........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C38A7E8AFA37FA22" ID-CoL="6ZKH" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1160,1436,1488,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C38A7E8AFAECFA23" bold="true" box="[1160,1351,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Pseudochironomus</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957EB5FA37F9C6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1518,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957EB5FA37F9C6" box="[151,1436,1518,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">- Without pars ventralis or, if present, represented by 2 triangular lobes basally fused to gonocoxite..................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957D56FA37F9FA" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957D56FA37F9E4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1547,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957D56FA37F9E4" box="[151,1436,1547,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">4. Anal point and median volsella absent, pseudovolsella presen.................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957D73FA37F9FA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1577,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957D73FA37F9FA" box="[151,1436,1577,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">- Anal point and median volsella present, pseudovolsella absent.................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957D1CFA37F971" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957D1CFA37F9BF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957D1CFA37F9BF" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
5. Superior volsella with short digitiform ventral lobe, or lobe absent; inferior without flattened, apically fringed setae and/or scales. Neotropical, Afrotropical, Oriental.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C20E7D3EFA37F9BF" ID-CoL="5KXH" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1963" box="[1292,1436,1636,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Manoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C20E7D3EFAF8F9BC" bold="true" box="[1292,1363,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Manoa</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957DDBFA37F971" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957DDBFA37F971" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
- Superior volsella without ventral lobe; inferior volsella often with flattened, apically fringed setae and/or scales. Australasian, Neotropical..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C20B7DC4FA37F971" ID-CoL="79ZG" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1289,1436,1694,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Riethia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C20B7DC4FAFAF971" bold="true" box="[1289,1361,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Riethia</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957DE6FA37F92B" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957DE6FA37F917" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1723,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957DE6FA37F917" box="[151,1436,1723,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
6. Wing with dark bands or spots. Neotropical.................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C3E37DE1FA37F917" ID-CoL="PGY" authority="Roback" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1958" box="[1249,1436,1723,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aedokritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C3E37DE1FAE6F914" bold="true" box="[1249,1357,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Aedokritus</emphasis>
Roback
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957D83FA37F92B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1753,1775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957D83FA37F92B" box="[151,1436,1753,1775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">- Wings without dark bands or spots, at most with dark shades along veins......................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957DADFA37F8A1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957DADFA37F8EC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957DADFA37F8EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
7. Anal point narrow, spatulate or parallel-sided; stem of median volsella directed caudally, single-lobed, evenly covered with relatively short and sparse setiform lamellae. Australasian, Neotropical..........................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C3BC7C4EFA37F8EC" ID-CoL="5ML8" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1214,1436,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Megacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C3BC7C4EFAE9F8EC" bold="true" box="[1214,1346,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Megacentron</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957C6BFA37F8A1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957C6BFA37F8A1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
- Anal point stout, with broadly rounded apex; stem of median volsella directed medially, apex split, bearing two strong bunches of setiform lamellae.
<collectingCountry id="F370760B77785D64C6AD7C14FD88F8A1" box="[431,547,1870,1892]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
...................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C3887C14FA37F8A1" ID-CoL="89QMB" authority="Andersen" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="2016" box="[1162,1436,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Madachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C3887C14FA91F8A1" bold="true" box="[1162,1338,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Madachironomus</emphasis>
Andersen
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D64C7957C36FA37F85B" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957C36FA37F844" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1900,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957C36FA37F844" box="[151,1436,1900,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">8. Antenna with 14 flagellomeres. Mid- to Late Cretaceous...................................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957CD3FA37F85B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" box="[151,1436,1929,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957CD3FA37F85B" box="[151,1436,1929,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">- Antenna with 13 flagellomeres. Cenozoic................................................................. 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77785D65C7957CFCFA36FF22" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77785D64C7957CFCFA36F833" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="309695AE77785D64C7957CFCFA36F833" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
9. Pseudovolsella and pars ventralis absent; anteromedian lobe of inferior absent; anal point stout, with spike-shaped prolongation; hind leg tibia with strong thorn-like bristles. Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (~100 Mya)................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877785D64C4547CBAFA36F833" authority="Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich et Cranston" authorityName="Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich et Cranston" authorityYear="2022" box="[854,1437,2016,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C4547CBAFC4DF833" bold="true" box="[854,998,2016,2038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Palaeocentron</emphasis>
Giłka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich
<emphasis id="B913EA8977785D64C22C7CB8FA94F832" box="[1326,1343,2018,2039]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">et</emphasis>
Cranston
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77795D65C7957BC2FA36FF22" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="309695AE77795D65C7957BC2FA36FF22" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
- Pseudovolsella and pars ventralis present; anteromedian lobe of inferior volsella present; anal point slender, without spike-shaped prolongation; hind leg tibia without thorn-like bristles. Late Cretaceous Taimyr amber (~84 Mya)....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877795D65C45B7B88FA36FF22" ID-CoL="BZ6QP" authority="Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich et Cranston" authorityName="Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich et Cranston" authorityYear="2022" box="[857,1437,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Mesoacentron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C45B7B88FC4DFF22" bold="true" box="[857,998,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Mesoacentron</emphasis>
Giłka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C22C7B89FA94FF2D" box="[1326,1343,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">et</emphasis>
Cranston
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30932E3E77795D65C7957BAAFA37FE98" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77795D65C7957BAAFA37FEE6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="309695AE77795D65C7957BAAFA37FEE6" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
10. Anal point well-developed, with peculiar, paired structure subapically; anteromedian lobe of inferior volsella absent. Eocene Baltic amber (~40 Mya)...........................................
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C4D37A57FBC2FEE7" bold="true" box="[977,1129,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Eomicromimus</emphasis>
Giłka, Zakrzewska
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C2287A57FA90FEE7" box="[1322,1339,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">et</emphasis>
Andersen
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8369B77795D65C7957A71FA37FE98" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="309695AE77795D65C7957A71FA37FE98" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
- Anal point absent; anteromedian lobe of inferior volsella present, strong. Eocene Baltic amber (~40 Mya)...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C674D1877795D65C30E7A1DFA37FE98" ID-CoL="C39S2" authority="Gilka, Zakrzewska et Andersen" authorityName="Gilka, Zakrzewska et Andersen" authorityYear="2023" box="[1036,1436,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eoriethia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C30E7A1DFBC2FE98" bold="true" box="[1036,1129,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Eoriethia</emphasis>
Giłka, Zakrzewska
<emphasis id="B913EA8977795D65C2287A12FA90FE98" box="[1322,1339,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">et</emphasis>
Andersen
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>