834 lines
147 KiB
XML
834 lines
147 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C45AA717BB119706AC98DBEC5BFE468A">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73AE08188AFE14" bold="true" box="[151,509,361,388]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rhamphostomella bilaminata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FDE8AE081BC6FE13" author="Hincks, T." box="[524,689,361,387]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF73AEEC1820FE37" blockId="42.[151,697,361,423]" box="[151,343,397,423]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1D3317FF7BAEEC1981FE37" box="[159,246,397,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1D3317FEE6AEEC1839FE37" box="[258,334,397,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-20@92.[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 32. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella gigantea Osburn, 1952. Holotype, USNM 11033 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea). C–E. Rhamphostomella alutacea Gontar, 1993. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/44569 (Krabovaya Bight, Shikotan Island, Lesser Kuril Ridge, Pacific Ocean). F, G. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1580A (Gaspe, Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). H, I. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906. Neotype, NHMUK 1976.8.6.39pt (about 22 km westwards from Medvezhii Island, western Barents Sea). J, K. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-1696 (Waygat Islands, Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). L, M. Rhamphostomella radiatula (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1592 (Iceland). Scale bars: A, B, D–G, K, M, 250 µm; C, H, I, J, L, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544593/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">32F, G</figureCitation>
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)
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FF46AEB31B68FE7A" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[162,543,466,490]" page="30" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1868">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF46AEB31823FE7A" box="[162,340,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE86AEB31897FE7A" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[354,480,466,490]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 30
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, 31 (part), pl. 28, fig. 191.
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FF73AE911B3DFD99" authority="Hincks, 1877, p. 111" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,586,496,521]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73AE911806FD98" box="[151,369,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cellepora bilaminata</emphasis>
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, p. 111
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, pl. 11, figs 6, 7.
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73AD6E18B5FDB7" box="[151,450,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rhamphostomella bilaminata</emphasis>
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:
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, p. 13
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, pl. 7, fig. 10 (mentioned as fig.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FB89AD6E1C63FDB7" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1133,1300,527,551]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 33
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 41, pl. 4, fig. 57;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FED6AD4F188EFDD6" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[306,505,558,582]" page="545" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FED6AD4F18DBFDD6" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[306,428,558,582]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 545
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 382; 1975, p. 663, fig. 382;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FCA8AD4F1D5CFDD6" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[844,1067,558,582]" page="244" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1912">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FCA8AD4F1AAAFDD6" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[844,989,558,582]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="205 - 265" refId="ref93525" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 a) The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 205 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1325" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 244
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 26, fig. 61; 1952, p. 427, pl. 52, fig. 10;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FEF3AD2D1B58FDF5" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[279,559,588,613]" page="231" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FEF3AD2D1894FDF5" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[279,483,588,613]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Gostilovskaya 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 231
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 147;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FD71AD2D1A99FDF5" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[661,1006,588,613]" page="120" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FD71AD2D1AD5FDF5" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[661,930,588,613]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 120
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 76.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF73AD0D1B18FD13" blockId="42.[151,1437,466,674]" box="[151,623,619,643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B1D3317FF73AD0D1B18FD13" box="[151,623,619,643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FF73AD0D1B1CFD13" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,619,619,643]" page="79" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1918">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FF73AD0D1B1CFD13" authority=": Nordgaard 1918, p. 79" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,619,619,643]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Discopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73AD0D1801FD13" box="[151,374,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Discopora bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE60AD0A1B5CFD13" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[388,555,619,643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 79
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF73ADEB1AAFFD32" blockId="42.[151,1437,466,674]" box="[151,984,650,674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B1D3317FF73ADEB1AAFFD32" box="[151,984,650,674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B1D3317FF73ADEB1A3CFD32" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[151,843,650,674]" page="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1923">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FF73ADEB1A3CFD32" authority=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue 1923, p. 45" authorityName=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,843,650,674]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73ADEB18EEFD32" box="[151,409,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rhamphostomella porosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE43ADEB1A7BFD32" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[423,780,650,674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 45
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4, fig. 35.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF73ADA61A7AFC07" blockId="42.[151,1437,711,919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73ADA618F1FD4F" bold="true" box="[151,390,711,735]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FE69ADA61AECFD4F" ID-CoL="4S3GV" authority=": Kluge 1908 a, p. 533" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="533" authorityYear="1908" box="[397,923,711,735]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FE69ADA61BCDFD4F" box="[397,698,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rhamphostomella bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FD23ADA61A3AFD4F" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[711,845,711,735]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="515 - 540" refId="ref90905" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 533
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1928, p. 257; 1964, p. 190;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FB27ADA61C3DFD4F" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1219,1354,711,735]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542; 1955, p. 38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FEA1AD871884FD6E" author="MacGinitie, G. E." box="[325,499,742,766]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 201" refId="ref92729" refString="MacGinitie, G. E. (1955) Distribution and ecology of the marine invertebrates of Point Barrow, Alaska. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 128, 1 - 201." type="journal article" year="1955">MacGinitie 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 130;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FDACAD871A64FD6E" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[584,787,742,766]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 454; 1968, p. 70;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FC02AD871D1BFD6E" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[998,1132,742,766]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FB51AD871C35FD6E" author="Powell, N. A." box="[1205,1346,742,766]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="2269 - 2320" refId="ref94756" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 a) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. Journal Fishery Research Board Canada, 25, 2269 - 2320. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 202" type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2311; 1968b, p. 257;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE85AC651B7EFC8D" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[353,521,772,797]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 13; 1990, p. 39; 2008, p. 187; 2011, p. 14; 2013, p. 184; Gontar 1989, p. 113; 1990, p. 133; 2010, p. 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE6FAC421BEBFCAB" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[395,668,803,827]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 359;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FD12AC421AC3FCAB" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[758,948,803,827]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FCA0AC451A06FCAB" box="[836,881,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 194; Grishankov 1995, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FAEAAC42186AFCCA" author="Grischenko, A. V. & Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 117" refId="ref89981" refString="Grischenko, A. V., Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D. (1999) A unique new genus of cheilostomate bryozoan with reversed-polarity zooidal budding. Asian Marine Biology, 15, 105 - 117." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Grischenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FA6EAC4519ACFCCA" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 112;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FE91AC231B52FCCA" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[373,549,834,858]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="46 - 47" refId="ref89519" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2001) Red king crab as the mobile substrate for Bryozoa in the western Kamchatka shelf. In: Tokranov, A. M. (Ed.), Conservation of Biodiversity of Kamchatka and Coastal Waters: Materials of the 2 nd International Scientific Conference. KamchatNIRO, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, pp. 46 - 47. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Grischenko 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 46; 2002, p. 115; 2014, p. 19;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FC9AAC231DD8FCCA" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[894,1199,834,858]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 115, 118;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FADCAC23187FFCE9" author="Kuklinski, P." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="175 - 182" refId="ref91689" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 a) Bryozoa of the high Arctic fjord - a preliminary study. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N., Buttler, C. J. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Bryozoan Studies 2001: Proceedings of the 12 th International Bryozoology Association Conference. Balkema, Lisse, pp. 175 - 182." type="book chapter" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 181; 2002b, p. 203; 2009, p. 228;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FD9BAC011AE5FCE9" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C." box="[639,914,864,889]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="262 - 270" refId="ref95320" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C. (2002) Putative sensory structures in marine bryozoans. Invertebrate Biology, 121, 262 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2002. tb 00066. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Shunatova & Nielsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 263, figs. 5a, c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FBB1AC011C08FCE9" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[1109,1407,864,889]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48; Ostrovsky 2009, p. 26; 2013, p. 8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1D3317FDAAACE11BBEFC07" author="Foster, N. R." box="[590,713,895,919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B1D3317FF73ACA41B1DFA6C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF73ACA41BBFFB93" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73ACA418F7FC4F" bold="true" box="[151,384,965,991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FE62ACA71BBFFB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405345" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="A. M. Norman Collection & J. Whiteaves." location="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FE62ACA71895FC4F" box="[390,482,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B1D3317FE62ACA71895FC4F" box="[390,482,966,991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FE14ACA71B2DFC70" box="[496,602,966,992]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1911.10.1.1580A, one colony,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FC51ACA71DA7FC4F" box="[949,1232,965,992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, Gaspe,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FACAACA4187FFB94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FACAACA4187FFB94" name="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gulf of St Lawrence</location>
|
||
, Atlantic Ocean, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FDD6AC8B1BBFFB93" box="[562,712,1001,1028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">J. Whiteaves.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF23AB6F1D99FA23" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FF23AB6F1A77FBDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405374" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="L. Lorenz Collection & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="75" location="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="NHMW 92533" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B1D3317FF23AB6F1807FBB8" box="[199,368,1037,1064]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMW 92533</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.49), one colony,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FD41AB6F1AE3FBB7" box="[677,916,1037,1064]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. Lorenz Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, II
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FC53AB6C1C3CFBB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FC53AB6C1C3CFBB7" box="[951,1355,1037,1063]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1882– 1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1D3317FF38AB53182EFBDC" box="[220,345,1074,1100]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FE43AB501B6EFBDC" box="[423,537,1073,1100]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B1D3317FE43AB501B6EFBDC" box="[423,537,1073,1100]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="20.0">20–130 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FD68AB531A77FBDB" box="[652,768,1073,1100]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FCE1AB531C5EFBFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405384" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="L. Lorenz Collection & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="75" location="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="NHMW 72989" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B1D3317FCE1AB531AD8FBDB" box="[773,943,1073,1100]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMW 72989</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FB49AB531CEEFBDB" box="[1197,1433,1073,1100]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. Lorenz Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, II
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FF57AB341B3BFBFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FF57AB341B3BFBFF" box="[179,588,1109,1135]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1D3317FD0DAB371A1DFBE0" box="[745,874,1110,1136]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FC24AB341D40FBE0" box="[960,1079,1109,1136]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B1D3317FC24AB341D40FBE0" box="[960,1079,1109,1136]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="20.0">20–130 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FB56AB371C5EFBFF" box="[1202,1321,1109,1136]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FAD6AB371B26FB27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405452" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="J. Whiteaves." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Gaspe" municipality="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FAD6AB371CEBFBE0" box="[1330,1436,1110,1136]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1911.10.1.1579A, five colony fragments encrusting hydroids,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FCA6AB1B1D2CFB03" box="[834,1115,1145,1172]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB80AB181DDAFB03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB80AB181DDAFB03" box="[1124,1197,1145,1171]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" municipality="Gulf of St Lawrence" name="Gaspe" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gaspe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B1D3317FB52AB181CEFFB04" box="[1206,1432,1145,1172]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gulf of St Lawrence</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FF73ABFC1834FB27" box="[151,323,1181,1207]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atlantic Ocean</collectorName>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B1D3317FE5EABFF1B26FB27" box="[442,593,1181,1208]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">J. Whiteaves.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FDBCABFC18AAFB4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405381" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="ZIRAS 23" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B1D3317FDBCABFC1BBAFB28" box="[600,717,1181,1208]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ZIRAS 23</specimenCode>
|
||
/50121, three colony fragments, detached from broken shells of bivalve mollusc
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FEB0ABA018AAFB4C" box="[340,477,1217,1244]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FEB0ABA018C1FB4B" box="[340,438,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Chlamys</emphasis>
|
||
sp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FE0BABA31D98FA90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405488" collectingDate="1992-09-12" collectionCode="MFRT" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" elevation="80" latitude="57.603333" location="Rodino" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FE0BABA31B4EFB4C" box="[495,569,1218,1244]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MFRT</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FDA6ABA01BE4FB4B" box="[578,659,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FDA6ABA01BE4FB4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FDA6ABA01BE4FB4B" box="[578,659,1217,1243]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="57.603333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" name="Rodino" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rodino</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B1D3317FD47ABA01AF3FB4B" box="[675,900,1217,1243]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1992-09-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B1D3317FD47ABA01AF3FB4B" box="[675,900,1217,1243]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1992-09-12">12 September 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FC3CABA01D56FB4B" box="[984,1057,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB8EABA01C4FFB4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB8EABA01C4FFB4C" box="[1130,1336,1217,1244]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="57.603333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" name="Cape Hayryuzova" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cape Hayryuzova</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B1D3317FAA1ABA31860FB6F" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">western Kamchatka</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
shelf,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B1D3317FE81AB841B60FB6F" box="[357,535,1253,1279]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sea of Okhotsk</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FDC7AB861BD6FA90" box="[547,673,1254,1282]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="36.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="57.603333">57°36.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FD4AAB861A42FA90" box="[686,821,1254,1282]" degrees="156" direction="east" minutes="09.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="156.15">156°09.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FC6DAB841A87FA90" box="[905,1008,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B1D3317FC6DAB841A87FA90" box="[905,1008,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">78–81 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B1D3317FC19AB841D14FA90" box="[1021,1123,1253,1280]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">crab trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FB17AB871CEEFB6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405477" box="[1267,1433,1253,1280]" collectionCode="V" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Grischenko" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FB17AB871C7EFA90" box="[1267,1289,1254,1280]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FAF0AB841CEEFB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FAF0AB841CEEFB6F" box="[1300,1433,1253,1279]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Grischenko" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Grischenko</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FF73AA681D0DFAB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405365" box="[151,1146,1289,1316]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="ZIRAS 24" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B1D3317FF73AA681879FAB4" box="[151,270,1289,1316]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ZIRAS 24</specimenCode>
|
||
/50122, one colony encrusting branch of bryozoan colony
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FC56AA681D0DFAB4" box="[946,1146,1289,1316]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Dendrobeania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FC56AA681D24FAB3" box="[946,1107,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dendrobeania</emphasis>
|
||
sp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FB69AA6B1C1CFAB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405363" box="[1165,1387,1289,1316]" collectionCode="KIENM" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Collection" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FB69AA6B1D9EFAB4" box="[1165,1257,1290,1316]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB17AA681C1CFAB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB17AA681C1CFAB3" box="[1267,1387,1289,1315]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Collection</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FA9CAA6B1B12FAFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405380" collectingDate="1988-05-11" collectionCode="RV" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="100" latitude="53.6" location="Nazarovsk" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="eastern Kamchatka Peninsula" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FA9CAA6B1CEBFAB4" box="[1400,1436,1290,1316]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF73AA4C187BFAD7" box="[151,268,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FF73AA4C187BFAD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FF73AA4C187BFAD7" box="[151,268,1325,1351]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="53.6" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="eastern Kamchatka Peninsula" name="Nazarovsk" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Nazarovsk</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FEFDAA4C1849FAD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FEFDAA4C1849FAD7" box="[281,318,1325,1351]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="53.6" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="eastern Kamchatka Peninsula" name="Stn" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stn</location>
|
||
182,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B1D3317FE9FAA4C1B78FAD7" box="[379,527,1325,1352]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1988-05-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B1D3317FE9FAA4C1B78FAD7" box="[379,527,1325,1352]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1988-05-11">11 May 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FDF3AA4C1BD1FAD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FDF3AA4C1BD1FAD7" box="[535,678,1325,1351]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="53.6" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="eastern Kamchatka Peninsula" name="Avacha Gulf" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Avacha Gulf</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B1D3317FD54AA4F1A8DFAD7" box="[688,1018,1325,1352]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">eastern Kamchatka Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B1D3317FBE0AA4C1DD6FAD7" box="[1028,1185,1325,1351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FB4FAA4E1C51FAD8" box="[1195,1318,1326,1354]" degrees="53" direction="north" minutes="36.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="53.6">53°36.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FAD4AA4E19DDFAFC" degrees="160" direction="east" minutes="07.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="160.11667">160°07.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FF19AA301831FAFC" box="[253,326,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B1D3317FF19AA301831FAFC" box="[253,326,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FD8CAA331B8EFAFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405337" box="[616,761,1361,1388]" collectionCode="V" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Rzhavsky" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FD8CAA331B09FAFC" box="[616,638,1362,1388]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FD6DAA301B8EFAFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FD6DAA301B8EFAFB" box="[649,761,1361,1387]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Rzhavsky" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rzhavsky</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FCE1AA301D35FA24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405387" collectingDate="2003-07-15" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hokkaido Island" elevation="5" latitude="43.006668" location="Nakanoze Bank" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="144.77667" municipality="Pacific" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="ZIRAS 32" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B1D3317FCE1AA301A0EFAFC" box="[773,889,1361,1388]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ZIRAS 32</specimenCode>
|
||
/50549, nineteen colonies encrusting a colony of the ctenostome bryozoan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1D3317FE51AA141BD2FA1F" authorityName="Mawatari" authorityYear="1971" box="[437,677,1397,1423]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustrellidridae" genus="Flustrellidra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FE51AA141BD2FA1F" box="[437,677,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Flustrellidra filispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B1D3317FD57AA141A31FA1F" box="[691,838,1397,1424]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2003-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B1D3317FD57AA141A31FA1F" box="[691,838,1397,1424]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2003-07-15">15 July 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FCB4AA141D72FA1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FCB4AA141D72FA1F" box="[848,1029,1397,1423]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hokkaido Island" latitude="43.006668" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="144.77667" municipality="Pacific" name="Nakanoze Bank" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Nakanoze Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FBEAAA141DD7FA00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FBEAAA141DD7FA00" box="[1038,1184,1397,1424]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hokkaido Island" latitude="43.006668" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="144.77667" municipality="Pacific" name="Akkeshi Bay" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Akkeshi Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B1D3317FB4EAA141D8FFA1F" box="[1194,1272,1397,1423]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pacific</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
coastal waters of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B1D3317FF52AAF81805FA23" box="[182,370,1433,1459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hokkaido Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FE99AAFA188DFA24" box="[381,506,1434,1462]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="00.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="43.006668">43°00.4ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B1D3317FDE1AAFA1BFCFA24" box="[517,651,1434,1462]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="46.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="144.77667">144°46.6ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1D3317FD39AAF81A51FA24" box="[733,806,1433,1460]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B1D3317FD39AAF81A51FA24" box="[733,806,1433,1460]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B1D3317FBA1AAFB1D9DFA23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405489" box="[1093,1258,1433,1460]" collectionCode="V" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Grischenko" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FBA1AAFB1D2CFA24" box="[1093,1115,1434,1460]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB81AAF81D9DFA23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B1D3310FF73AE081C59FB55:8EFFC4B90B1D3317FB81AAF81D9DFA23" box="[1125,1258,1433,1459]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Grischenko" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Grischenko</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF23AADC1B1DFA6C" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF23AADC18C9FA47" bold="true" box="[199,446,1469,1495]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
Four specimens.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B1D3317FD74AADC1B95FA47" box="[656,738,1469,1495]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1991) Stn 19; IMB Collection (2011) Stns 3/1, 63/53, 64/54 (see Appendix 1 for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B1D3311FF23A9641BCFF895" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF23A9641B29F91B" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FF23A9641809F98F" bold="true" box="[199,382,1541,1567]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A, Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1D3317FB75A9641C2AF98F" box="[1169,1373,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 12B–D, G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.47–0.75 (0.59 ± 0.07). ZW, 0.32–0.53 (0.43 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.43–0.49 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FC52A94B1AB3F9D3" box="[950,964,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.17–0.25 (0.22 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.20–0.30 (0.25 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.22–0.32 (0.27 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.27–0.43 (0.34 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.12–0.20 (0.15 ± 0.02). P(m)N, 4–8 (6). P(oe)N, 5–11 (7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF23A9F4180CF88B" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
ZIRAS 23/50121, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1D3317FE1AA9F41BF7F93F" box="[510,640,1685,1711]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1D3317FCB7A9F41D77F920" box="[851,1024,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 12A, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.50–0.93 (0.69 ± 0.10). ZW, 0.32–0.57 (0.45 ± 0.08). ZD, 0.40–0.48 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FD87A9DB1B06F943" box="[611,625,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.17–0.30 (0.25 ± 0.04). OrW, 0.20–0.31 (0.25 ± 0.04). OeL, 0.19–0.32 (0.27 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.30–0.45 (0.36 ± 0.04). Av(s)L, 0.11–0.27 (0.19 ± 0.04). P(m)N, 7–13 (9). P(oe)N, 12–23 (18) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FEC7A8631846F88B" box="[291,305,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1D3317FF23A844182AF83B" blockId="42.[151,1437,965,1963]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
ZIRAS 24/50122, Avacha Gulf, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1D3317FD6CA8441A7DF8AF" box="[648,778,1829,1855]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1D3317FC26A8441D3FF8D0" box="[962,1096,1829,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 12 J–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.47–0.68 (0.55 ± 0.05). ZW, 0.35–0.50 (0.42 ± 0.04). ZD, 0.48–0.53 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1D3317FD79A82B1BDCF8F3" box="[669,683,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.18–0.28 (0.22 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.18–0.25 (0.22 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.20–0.28 (0.24 ± 0.02). OeW, 0.27–0.38 (0.32 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.13–0.24 (0.19 ± 0.03). P(m)N, 4–9 (6). P(oe)N, 7–13 (9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B1C3316FF73A9F11B91F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" targetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1C3316FF73A9F11B91F87D" blockId="43.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1C3316FF73A9F11856F939" bold="true" box="[151,289,1680,1705]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1C3316FECCA9F01B8FF939" authority="(Hincks, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[296,760,1681,1705]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1C3316FECCA9F01B23F939" box="[296,596,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Rhamphostomella bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1C3316FD87A9F01B86F939" author="Hincks, T." box="[611,753,1681,1705]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23AFF71BC9FED1" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FF23AFF7182EFF20" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FC82AFF61AA7FF21" box="[870,976,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less circular in outline, small, attaining
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1B3311FEE6AFDA1824FF45" box="[258,339,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension; bright brown to orange when alive, light brown to pink when dry. Freegrowing bilaminate folds can be present in some colonies. Zooids small, rectangular to hexagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FB0EAFBE1CE3FF69" box="[1258,1428,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12A, D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) or irregular in form, arranged in checkered pattern, demarcated by irregular sutures between lateral and transverse walls; boundaries indistinct at all parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23AE2A1884FDAD" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FE8BAE2A1B50FEF5" box="[367,551,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12A, D–F, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, moderately to strongly convex, smooth, with deep areolae along strongly raised zooidal margins that occasionally expand above proximal half of frontal shield to form additional layer of calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FED4AEF218E0FE3D" box="[304,407,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Areolae separated by short, thin or thick interareolar ridges arranged radially and connected to lobe of peristomal lappet on one side and to avicularian cystid on the other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FC10AED61D0CFE41" box="[1012,1147,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbonuloid component small, occupying about 35% of length of frontal shield, with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FA8BAEBA19A9FD89" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ring scar discrete, forming clear boundary between umbonuloid exterior wall and extra-umbonuloid interior wall microstructure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FE65AD421890FDAD" box="[385,487,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23AD2618E1FD5D" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Primary orifice submerged, circular; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FF3DAD0A184CFD16" box="[217,315,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig.12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of orifice rounded, proximal margin bisinuate, with small trapezoidal or bifurcate lyrula in midline, lateral margins normally with short processes, blunt or pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FBDDADEE1C69FD39" box="[1081,1310,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12B, C, I, K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Condyles absent. No oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23ADB61B2FFC35" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FE7CADB61B6CFD61" box="[408,539,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded to asymmetrically oval or irregular, cormidial, distally and distolaterally restricted by strongly elevated vertical walls of distal and lateral zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FC5EAD9A1D55FC85" box="[954,1058,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterally and proximally, formed by thin-walled and strongly elevated peristome, comprising two triangular or rounded flared lappets formed from frontal shield (one incorporating cystid of suboral avicularium and substituted by latter almost completely) with deep V- to U-shaped median pseudosinus between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FD30AC061A28FC11" box="[724,863,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristomial lappets not fusing with proximolateral corners of ooecium in ovicellate zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23ACCE1D63FB55" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FDC2ACCE1BD9FC59" box="[550,686,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) not large but very distinct, elevated, situated asymmetrically with respect to zooidal orifice and associated with left or right peristomial lappet; surface smooth; one communication pore connecting avicularian and hypostegal coeloms. Frontal surface (rostral/postmandibular areas) of avicularium weakly concave, normally to one side of zooidal midline but sometimes crossing it, facing proximally to proximolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FE87AB5E1B7AFBC9" box="[355,525,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12C, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum elongate oval, directed distolaterally, obliquely to vertically upwards, fusing with peristomial lappet distally. Shape of palate lingulate, palatal foramen elongate oval, with narrow cryptocystal shelf laterally, opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete. Avicularia lacking in some zooids, with paired peristomial lappets forming flared tubular peristome in this instance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FC7BABCA1D7FFB55" box="[927,1032,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23ABAE1881FB79" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" box="[199,502,1231,1257]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23AB921B00F999" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial, cleithral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FDDAAB921BBFFA9D" box="[574,712,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid; ooecial fold forming at distal margin of primary orifice concurrently with formation of frontal shield of distal zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FB79AA761C73FAA1" box="[1181,1284,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecial and visceral coelomic cavities connected via communication canal opening on underside of frontal shield as small curved slit-like pore at some distance from transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FD38AA3E1A40FAE9" box="[732,823,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ectooecium smooth, with straight or slightly concave proximal margin and scattered circular to elongate pseudopores. Basal part of ooecium slightly overgrown by thin secondary calcification proceeding from frontal shields of neighbouring zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FBD3AAC61DBFFA51" box="[1079,1224,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); this calcification additionally forming thin vertical walls between distal margin of peristomial lappets and proximal corners of ooecia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FF44AA8E185EF999" box="[160,297,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), adding to secondary orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23A9721B20F9C1" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by one mural pore chamber in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FBDCA9721DE9F9BD" box="[1080,1182,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two multiporous septula in basal half of transverse walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23A93A1D49F971" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Basal walls of zooids fully calcified, smooth, inflated to moderately convex. Sparse white spots (presumably less-calcified areas) visible in semitransparent basal wall by light microscopy. Tubular protuberances of basal wall (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1B3311FF7BA9C21832F92D" box="[159,325,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) complex in shape, depending on substratum; textured by fine parallel lineation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B1B3311FA8BA9C219B6F971" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[199,1387,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). A, E, F. ZIRAS 23/50121 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–D, G–I. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1579A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). J–L. ZIRAS 24/50122 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing proximal margin of primary orifice with lyrula and denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with additional calcified layer expanding over frontal shield. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Zooids with developing and one completed ooecia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Suboral avicularium in ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component, and median lyrula and two sinuses. L. Lateral view of zooid with a peristome, suboral avicularium, and ooecium; zooidal lateral wall shows mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, 250 μm; B, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521156/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Boundaries between zooids recognizable basally as slightly sinuous incisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23A98A1BCFF895" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" box="[199,696,1771,1797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B1B3310FF23A86E1D1BFEF5" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3311FF23A86E1AF6F829" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FF23A86E184CF8B9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1807,1833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1B3311FE50A86E1B20F8B9" author="Hincks, T." box="[436,599,1807,1833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1B3311FC98A86E1D61F8B9" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[892,1046,1807,1833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FC98A86E1AFAF8B8" box="[892,909,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FC79A86E1D61F8B9" box="[925,1046,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1B3311FBACA86E1DCFF8B9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1096,1208,1807,1833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FBACA86E1DCFF8B9" box="[1096,1208,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cellepora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as distinct species, which was further confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1B3311FDE1A8521BD0F8DE" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[517,679,1843,1870]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is still possible that it was first illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1B3311FB5AA8521C2FF8DE" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[1214,1368,1843,1870]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt (1868a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his fig. 191 (pl. 28) under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1B3311FDE6A8361BB1F8E1" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[514,710,1879,1905]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FDE6A8361BB1F8E1" box="[514,710,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because we were unable to locate Hincks’ (1877) specimen, we have selected as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B1B3311FE81A81A18C9F805" box="[357,446,1915,1941]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for this species a specimen from the Gulf of St Lawrence, North Atlantic, collected by J. Whiteaves and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1B3310FF23A8A21D33FE8D" blockId="44.[151,1443,150,2013]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1437,150,1222]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1B3311FF23A8A21B2CF84D" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[199,603,1987,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1B3311FC96A8A21DF9F84C" authorityName=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1923" box="[882,1166,1987,2013]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1B3311FC96A8A21DF9F84C" box="[882,1166,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhamphostomella porosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1B3311FB32A8A21CEEF84D" box="[1238,1433,1987,2013]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF73AFF61844FF21" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,307,150,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 427) synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FDCEAFF61BE2FF20" authorityName=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1923" box="[554,661,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FDCEAFF61B4CFF20" box="[554,571,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FDACAFF61BE2FF20" box="[584,661,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">porosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FD36AFF61A1FFF21" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[722,872,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FD36AFF61B94FF20" box="[722,739,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FD0BAFF61A1FFF21" box="[751,872,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arguing for the latter that “It has not been reported south of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1A3310FF1DAFDA183DFF45" box="[249,330,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, except for O’Donoghue’s record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FD0CAFDA1A22FF44" authorityName=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1923" box="[744,853,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FD0CAFDA1B8EFF44" box="[744,761,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FCECAFDA1A22FF44" box="[776,853,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">porosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Cape Ebenshaw,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1A3310FBDDAFDA1D88FF45" box="[1081,1279,187,213]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. O’Donoghue recognized the similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FE29AFBE1B31FF69" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[461,582,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FE29AFBE1B31FF69" box="[461,582,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the distinguishing characters he indicates for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FB94AFBE1DCAFF68" authorityName=": O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" authorityYear="1923" box="[1136,1213,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FB94AFBE1DCAFF68" box="[1136,1213,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">porosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(viz., “the far larger size of the rostrum and peristome”) are within the range of variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FC53AE621D47FE8D" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[951,1072,259,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FC53AE621D47FE8D" box="[951,1072,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1A3310FF23AE461D1BFEF5" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1222]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">While most of the colonies examined were flat and encrusting, some from the shelf and slope of the southern Kuril Islands encircled hydroid stems, forming free-growing bilaminate folds and frills.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B1A3310FF23AE0E1997FD89" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1A3310FF23AE0E1997FD89" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1222]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FF23AE0E185BFE19" bold="true" box="[199,300,367,393]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FED7AE0E1B09FE19" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[307,638,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FED7AE0E1B09FE19" box="[307,638,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rhamphostomella bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1A3310FCD5AE0F1AE2FE19" box="[817,917,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.195" metricValueMax="4.35" metricValueMin="0.04" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="219.5" valueMax="435.0" valueMin="4.0">4–435 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, generally on mixed bottoms, including silt, sand, gravel and mollusc shells, encrusting hydroid stems, ascidians, molluscs and other bryozoans (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FAEBAEF219CEFE41" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FAEBAEF21CEAFE3D" box="[1295,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Alcyonidium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FF2CAED618B5FE41" box="[200,450,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FF2CAED618C9FE41" authorityName="Mawatari" authorityYear="1971" box="[200,446,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustrellidridae" genus="Flustrellidra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filispina">Flustrellidra filispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FE28AED61BEFFE41" box="[460,664,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Dendrobeania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FE28AED61B1AFE41" box="[460,621,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Dendrobeania</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Several colonies were detected on carapaces of the red king crab
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B1A3310FF73AEBA18B1FE65" box="[151,454,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Paralithodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camtshaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FF73AEBA18B1FE65" box="[151,454,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Paralithodes camtshaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, caught at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B1A3310FDB5AEBA1BCEFE65" box="[593,697,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">78–81 m</quantity>
|
||
in the western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1A3310FC9DAEBA1A8EFE65" box="[889,1017,475,501]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
shelf, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAFDAEBA19A4FD89" author="Grischenko, A. V." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="46 - 47" refId="ref89519" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2001) Red king crab as the mobile substrate for Bryozoa in the western Kamchatka shelf. In: Tokranov, A. M. (Ed.), Conservation of Biodiversity of Kamchatka and Coastal Waters: Materials of the 2 nd International Scientific Conference. KamchatNIRO, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, pp. 46 - 47. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Grischenko 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B1A3310FF23AD431C59FB55" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B1A3310FF23AD431C59FB55" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1222]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FF23AD431816FDAC" bold="true" box="[199,353,546,572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a boreal-Arctic, circumpolar, sublittoral to upper bathyal species. Arctic records include Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FECEAD261891FDF1" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[298,486,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE14AD261BDEFDF1" author="Andersson, K. A." box="[496,681,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref86065" refString="Andersson, K. A. (1902) Bryozoen, wahrend der schwedischen Expeditionen 1898 und 1899 unter Leitung von Professor A. G. Nathorst und 1900 unter Leitung von Conservator G. Kolthoff gesammelt. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 15, 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="1902">Andersson 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD51AD261A4CFDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[693,827,582,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="376 - 393" refId="ref90985" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1915) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kolsky Gulf and Conditions of its Existence. Zapiski Academii Nauk, Series 8, 34, 376 - 393. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1915">Kluge 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FCA2AD261AF6FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[838,897,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC68AD271AB0FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[908,967,582,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC37AD261DFBFDF1" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[979,1164,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB73AD261DA5FDF1" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1175,1234,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref93127" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1923) Bryozoa. Report of the scientific results of the Norwegian expedition to Novaya Zemlya 1921, 17, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB3AAD261CE0FDF1" author="Kuznetsov, V. V." box="[1246,1431,583,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="114 - 139" refId="ref92017" refString="Kuznetsov, V. V. (1941) The dynamic of the biocenoses Microporella ciliata in the Barents Sea. Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 7, 114 - 139. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1941">Kuznetsov 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF73AD0A1827FD15" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[151,336,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FEBEAD0A18E1FD15" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[346,406,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), White Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FDCCAD0A1BCCFD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[552,699,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="515 - 540" refId="ref90905" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540." type="journal article" year="1908">
|
||
Kluge 1908
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD4AAD0A1BCCFD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[686,699,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="253 - 258" refId="ref91035" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1928) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the White Sea and Conditions of its Existence. Issledovanija Morey USSR, 7 - 8, 253 - 258. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1928">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1928;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FCEFAD0A1A9BFD15" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[779,1004,618,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC12AD0A1D46FD15" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1014,1073,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grishankov 1995;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAEEAD0A183DFD39" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FEB0ADEE1BF6FD39" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C." box="[340,641,655,681]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="262 - 270" refId="ref95320" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C. (2002) Putative sensory structures in marine bryozoans. Invertebrate Biology, 121, 262 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2002. tb 00066. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Shunatova & Nielsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ostrovsky 2009, 2013), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FBE7ADEE1DCAFD39" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1027,1213,655,681]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref93127" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1923) Bryozoa. Report of the scientific results of the Norwegian expedition to Novaya Zemlya 1921, 17, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1923">Nordgaard 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB22ADEE1C3CFD39" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1222,1355,655,681]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAB0ADEF1CF8FD39" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1364,1423,654,681]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FEC3ADD218C5FD5D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[295,434,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE5BADD3188DFD5D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[447,506,690,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FDECADD21BECFD5D" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[520,667,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref88325" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1990) Bryozoa of the Laptev Sea and New Siberian shoals. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 37, 130 - 138. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1990">Gontar 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Siberian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC6DADD21D30FD5D" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[905,1095,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref87374" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2011) Bryozoans of the East Siberian Sea: History of research and current knowledge of diversity. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2011">Denisenko 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB1BADD21CE0FD5D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1279,1431,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref93658" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1923) Bryozoa. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 1918, 8, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1923">Osburn 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF73ADB61868FD61" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,287,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FECEADB71812FD61" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[298,357,726,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FDDEADB61AFFFD61" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[570,904,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC71ADB61D50FD61" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[917,1063,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF2BAD9A1812FC85" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[207,357,762,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">Osburn 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE95AD9A1B44FC85" author="MacGinitie, G. E." box="[369,563,762,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 201" refId="ref92729" refString="MacGinitie, G. E. (1955) Distribution and ecology of the marine invertebrates of Point Barrow, Alaska. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 128, 1 - 201." type="journal article" year="1955">MacGinitie 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC79AD9A1D2EFC85" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[925,1113,763,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB80AD9A1DE8FC85" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1124,1183,763,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB48AD9A1C36FC86" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1196,1345,763,790]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF36AC7E181CFCAA" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[210,363,799,826]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FDF5AC7E1BEEFCA9" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[529,665,799,825]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD47AC7F1BA9FCA9" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[675,734,798,825]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD0EAC7E1AF7FCAA" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[746,896,799,826]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hudson Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FBC8AC7E1DB4FCA9" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1068,1219,799,825]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">Osburn 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Labrador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAAFAC7E19A4FCCD" author="Hincks, T." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FEA3AC2218CBFCCD" box="[327,444,835,861]" name="Greenland" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE28AC221B00FCCD" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[460,631,835,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="545 - 634" refId="ref92231" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1914) Conspectus Faunae Groenlandicae. Bryozoa, Endoprocta, Pterobranchia og Enteropneusta. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 23, 545 - 634." type="journal article" year="1914">Levinsen 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD60AC221A6DFCCD" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[644,794,835,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FCC3AC221D2BFCCD" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[807,1116,835,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FB2CAC221C4AFCCD" box="[1224,1341,835,861]" name="Greenland" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAA9AC221818FC11" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE9FAC061BD9FC11" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[379,686,871,897]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FD26AC061A40FC11" box="[706,823,871,897]" name="Greenland" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC92AC061DD1FC11" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[886,1190,871,897]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAA9AC061865FC35" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FF73ACEA19BEFC35" box="[151,201,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FEFAACEA18ACFC35" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[286,475,907,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="175 - 182" refId="ref91689" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 a) Bryozoa of the high Arctic fjord - a preliminary study. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N., Buttler, C. J. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Bryozoan Studies 2001: Proceedings of the 12 th International Bryozoology Association Conference. Balkema, Lisse, pp. 175 - 182." type="book chapter" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE03ACEA1B58FC35" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[487,559,907,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FD6FACEA1A27FC35" box="[651,848,907,933]" name="Jan Mayen Island" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Jan Mayen Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC84ACEA1A84FC35" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[864,1011,907,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC1BACEA1DBFFC36" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1023,1224,907,934]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3 - 20" refId="ref93045" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1907 b) Bryozoen von dem norvegischen Fischereidampfer ' Michael Sars' in den Jahren 1900 - 1904 gesammelt. Bergens Museums Aarborg 1907, 2, 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="1907">Nordgaard 1907b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FAA6ACEA1CEBFC35" box="[1346,1436,907,933]" name="Norway" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF7BACCE1829FC59" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[159,350,943,969]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Finmark (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FE03ACCE1B0EFC5A" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[487,633,943,970]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northeastern Atlantic it has been reported from St Lawrence Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FF3DACB218E6FC7D" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[217,401,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) southwards to Cape Cod (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FD27ACB21A1FFC7D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[707,872,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref93572" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 b) Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, collected by Dr. Owen Bryant. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 275 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1933.275" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC97ACB21D66FC7D" author="Powell, N. A." box="[883,1041,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="247 - 259" refId="ref94799" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 b) Studies on Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Fundy Region. 2. Bryozoa from fifty fathoms, Bay of Fundy. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9, 247 - 259." type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FBF8ACB21C3EFC7D" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[1052,1353,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Pacific it has been documented in Bering Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FCB1AC961DF2FB81" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[853,1157,1015,1041]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Avacha Gulf (our data) and Avacha Inlet off eastern Kamchatka Peninsula (Gontar 1989; Grischenko 2002); in the Sea of Okhotsk from Koni Peninsula, Tauyskaya Inlet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FDE8AB5E1BA6FBC9" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[524,721,1087,1113]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="16 - 23" refId="ref89872" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2014) First data on intertidal Bryozoa of the Koni Peninsula, Sea of Okhotsk. Bulletin of Perm University, Zoology, 4, 16 - 23. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2014">Grischenko 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), along western Kamchatka (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FBF4AB5E1C66FBC9" author="Grischenko, A. V. & Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D." box="[1040,1297,1087,1113]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="105 - 117" refId="ref89981" refString="Grischenko, A. V., Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D. (1999) A unique new genus of cheilostomate bryozoan with reversed-polarity zooidal budding. Asian Marine Biology, 15, 105 - 117." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Grischenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B1A3310FB7DAB5E1DBEFBC9" box="[1177,1225,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FAFFAB5E19A5FBED" author="Grischenko, A. V." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="46 - 47" refId="ref89519" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2001) Red king crab as the mobile substrate for Bryozoa in the western Kamchatka shelf. In: Tokranov, A. M. (Ed.), Conservation of Biodiversity of Kamchatka and Coastal Waters: Materials of the 2 nd International Scientific Conference. KamchatNIRO, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, pp. 46 - 47. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Grischenko 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data), around Iturup and Kunashir Islands, south Kuril Islands (our data); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FB6AAB021DB9FBED" box="[1166,1230,1123,1149]" name="Japan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is known from Akkeshi Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B1A3310FED0ABE618D2FB31" box="[308,421,1159,1185]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B1A3310FE54ABE61887FB31" box="[432,496,1159,1185]" name="Japan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(our data). In the northeastern Pacific it occurs in Cook Inlet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FB42ABE61C58FB31" author="Foster, N. R." box="[1190,1327,1159,1185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and near Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska (our data) south to British Columbia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B1A3310FC70ABCA1C56FB55" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[916,1313,1195,1221]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |