treatments-xml/data/5B/50/E9/5B50E916FF9A392D4D2DFBD0FDF7FE74.xml
2024-06-21 12:37:31 +02:00

1295 lines
233 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="19FD71F51EA619E09A8FD36E5FA0F26F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155701" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b947e6c9-d6cf-4988-a098-5e01dd69a888" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155701" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459438614591" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gusarov, Vladimir I." docDate="2002" docId="5B50E916FF9A392D4D2DFBD0FDF7FE74" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 81" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geostiba Thomson 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="A769916EFF9E39234C25FFBCFFE8FFDA" masterDocTitle="A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Geostiba Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698188143631" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="D027CA6BD8CE7C0FB4BCCC4C13717DF4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4760F8F136C8154C268A6959DEA21DEB">
<mods:title id="3F8A6B939F9D6A326DCCB137155D7741">A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Geostiba Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="63FCDE230F3B29ABCCA16D71C66BAD5B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A93F42DFF0DCE379DAF77380E557D12F">
<mods:roleTerm id="C7D55999FAC15C4BE98B2942654CCD51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FE3F3E7953EE2BC3A829CD2D2E059F78">Gusarov, Vladimir I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AD8F899DF7C8BB113E161EA8F34B7E49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B526B12F1ECB2D0628F55F38BED2E057" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AB723FCE6EB432B6C388497B6B8937A8">
<mods:title id="32C81943D7DC52204B1C871E688D9B3E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B2BD77F25098AE66978F633FD968865D">
<mods:date id="AF89858312D6F3897F2AF2F2904A4BA5">2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D25671969B64A1C40CCDB1D66E5DD825" type="volume">
<mods:number id="769AB1A96D7C96E944289CF06D6DE907">81</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="39C6A566888D5E5A2CF22A39F577E479" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9BFC32FC916382954365179827EB1CF9">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="398B0F54EB20D55D396CF033799D641A">88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="86604E2F5FA265EE294B534D4BC4786F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3DBF867F8250A6E3F7AA7C21337E0840" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.155701</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E9D74F90AB7217A2A84F467246ACB91C" type="GBIF-Dataset">b947e6c9-d6cf-4988-a098-5e01dd69a888</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="00171BD845749F79D5F4EFB51434E279" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="10567E7028CFAAD452F52115E4E76FFC" type="Zenodo-Dep">155701</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="5B50E916FF9A392D4D2DFBD0FDF7FE74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6277548" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119330225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6277548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B50E916FF9A392D4D2DFBD0FDF7FE74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B50E916FF9A392D4D2DFBD0FDF7FE74" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF9A39274D2DFBD0FD33FB5F" box="[264,731,1131,1158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFBD0FD33FB5F" blockId="4.[264,731,1131,1158]" box="[264,731,1131,1158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="880EEF6CFF9A39274D2DFBD0FD33FB5F" bold="true" box="[264,731,1131,1158]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFBD0FD33FB5F" bold="true" box="[264,731,1131,1158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFBD0FDD1FB5F" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[264,569,1131,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFBD0FE9AFB5C" bold="true" box="[264,370,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D5CFBD7FDD1FB5F" author="Thomson" box="[377,569,1131,1157]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forkhandlingar, 15, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9A39274E6DFBD7FD3AFB5F" box="[584,722,1131,1157]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 ­ 7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStart-10="FIGURES 61 ­ 71" captionStart-11="FIGURES 72 ­ 76" captionStart-12="FIGURES 77 ­ 80" captionStart-13="FIGURES 81 ­ 93" captionStart-14="FIGURES 94 ­ 99" captionStart-15="FIGURES 100 ­ 107" captionStart-16="FIGURES 108 ­ 119" captionStart-17="FIGURES 120 ­ 125" captionStart-18="FIGURES 126 ­ 133" captionStart-19="FIGURES 134 ­ 145" captionStart-2="FIGURES 18 ­ 20" captionStart-20="FIGURES 146 ­ 151" captionStart-21="FIGURES 152 ­ 156" captionStart-22="FIGURES 157 ­ 168" captionStart-23="FIGURES 169 ­ 173" captionStart-24="FIGURES 174 ­ 177" captionStart-25="FIGURES 178 ­ 186" captionStart-26="FIGURES 187 ­ 192" captionStart-27="FIGURES 193 ­ 196" captionStart-28="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStart-29="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStart-3="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStart-30="FIGURES 213 ­ 218" captionStart-31="FIGURES 219 ­ 229" captionStart-32="FIGURES 230 ­ 246" captionStart-33="FIGURES 247 ­ 252" captionStart-34="FIGURES 253 ­ 261" captionStart-35="FIGURES 262 ­ 266" captionStart-36="FIGURES 267 ­ 270" captionStart-37="FIGURES 271 ­ 283" captionStart-38="FIGURES 284 ­ 288" captionStart-39="FIGURES 289 ­ 293" captionStart-4="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStart-40="FIGURES 294 ­ 305" captionStart-41="FIGURES 306 ­ 309" captionStart-42="FIGURES 310 ­ 315" captionStart-43="FIGURES 316 ­ 320" captionStart-44="FIGURES 321 ­ 326" captionStart-45="FIGURES 327 ­ 335" captionStart-46="FIGURE 336" captionStart-47="FIGURE 337" captionStart-48="FIGURE 338" captionStart-49="FIGURE 339" captionStart-5="FIGURES 29 ­ 33" captionStart-50="FIGURE 340" captionStart-6="FIGURES 34 ­ 37" captionStart-7="FIGURES 38 ­ 50" captionStart-8="FIGURES 51 ­ 56" captionStart-9="FIGURES 57 ­ 60" captionStartId-0="5.[264,383,1751,1775]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionStartId-10="26.[264,383,1680,1704]" captionStartId-11="28.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionStartId-12="29.[264,383,1121,1145]" captionStartId-13="30.[264,383,1363,1387]" captionStartId-14="31.[264,382,1619,1643]" captionStartId-15="33.[264,383,1742,1766]" captionStartId-16="34.[264,383,1639,1663]" captionStartId-17="35.[264,382,1745,1769]" captionStartId-18="36.[264,382,1701,1725]" captionStartId-19="38.[264,383,1559,1583]" captionStartId-2="8.[264,382,1639,1663]" captionStartId-20="39.[264,382,1567,1591]" captionStartId-21="41.[264,383,1456,1480]" captionStartId-22="42.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionStartId-23="44.[264,383,1756,1780]" captionStartId-24="45.[264,383,1766,1790]" captionStartId-25="46.[264,382,1225,1249]" captionStartId-26="47.[264,382,1766,1790]" captionStartId-27="48.[264,383,1727,1751]" captionStartId-28="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionStartId-29="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionStartId-3="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionStartId-30="53.[264,383,1743,1767]" captionStartId-31="54.[264,383,1720,1744]" captionStartId-32="55.[264,382,1503,1527]" captionStartId-33="57.[264,382,1726,1750]" captionStartId-34="58.[264,383,1544,1568]" captionStartId-35="59.[264,383,1773,1797]" captionStartId-36="60.[264,382,969,993]" captionStartId-37="62.[264,383,1575,1599]" captionStartId-38="64.[264,383,1661,1685]" captionStartId-39="65.[264,383,1756,1780]" captionStartId-4="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionStartId-40="66.[264,383,1609,1633]" captionStartId-41="68.[264,383,1806,1830]" captionStartId-42="69.[264,383,1724,1748]" captionStartId-43="71.[264,383,1481,1505]" captionStartId-44="72.[264,383,1696,1720]" captionStartId-45="73.[264,383,1480,1504]" captionStartId-46="76.[264,368,1562,1586]" captionStartId-47="77.[264,367,1248,1272]" captionStartId-48="79.[264,367,1838,1862]" captionStartId-49="80.[264,368,1616,1640]" captionStartId-5="20.[264,383,1785,1809]" captionStartId-50="82.[264,368,1747,1771]" captionStartId-6="21.[264,383,1148,1172]" captionStartId-7="22.[264,383,1403,1427]" captionStartId-8="24.[264,383,1769,1793]" captionStartId-9="25.[264,383,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox-0="[367,1205,490,1733]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetBox-10="[351,1245,452,1653]" captionTargetBox-11="[302,1283,618,1619]" captionTargetBox-12="[309,1279,539,1094]" captionTargetBox-13="[318,1269,441,1340]" captionTargetBox-14="[315,1275,519,1594]" captionTargetBox-15="[319,1271,659,1705]" captionTargetBox-16="[344,1245,762,1606]" captionTargetBox-17="[305,1280,668,1726]" captionTargetBox-18="[308,1279,632,1666]" captionTargetBox-19="[315,1274,655,1520]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1280,428,1608]" captionTargetBox-20="[332,1258,573,1533]" captionTargetBox-21="[369,1217,460,1420]" captionTargetBox-22="[348,1222,525,1571]" captionTargetBox-23="[314,1272,742,1729]" captionTargetBox-24="[317,1274,1164,1735]" captionTargetBox-25="[393,1195,318,1201]" captionTargetBox-26="[341,1249,695,1744]" captionTargetBox-27="[311,1277,1075,1699]" captionTargetBox-28="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetBox-29="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetBox-3="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetBox-30="[314,1277,719,1720]" captionTargetBox-31="[333,1253,320,1706]" captionTargetBox-32="[316,1271,321,1479]" captionTargetBox-33="[282,1305,745,1687]" captionTargetBox-34="[361,1227,879,1516]" captionTargetBox-35="[318,1272,739,1741]" captionTargetBox-36="[290,1303,319,959]" captionTargetBox-37="[305,1278,419,1540]" captionTargetBox-38="[307,1289,660,1617]" captionTargetBox-39="[342,1242,643,1724]" captionTargetBox-4="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetBox-40="[313,1278,579,1577]" captionTargetBox-41="[277,1314,987,1768]" captionTargetBox-42="[290,1301,520,1688]" captionTargetBox-43="[294,1301,904,1448]" captionTargetBox-44="[286,1297,660,1656]" captionTargetBox-45="[307,1280,824,1441]" captionTargetBox-46="[315,1271,753,1543]" captionTargetBox-47="[328,1262,539,1226]" captionTargetBox-48="[346,1237,315,1825]" captionTargetBox-49="[345,1240,318,1600]" captionTargetBox-5="[298,1291,699,1756]" captionTargetBox-50="[322,1272,508,1726]" captionTargetBox-6="[321,1268,571,1127]" captionTargetBox-7="[306,1285,460,1385]" captionTargetBox-8="[321,1256,734,1749]" captionTargetBox-9="[312,1277,687,1243]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[365,1207,490,1736]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetId-10="figure@26.[339,1255,439,1663]" captionTargetId-11="figure@28.[293,1295,609,1628]" captionTargetId-12="figure@29.[297,1290,529,1101]" captionTargetId-13="figure@30.[317,1274,437,1342]" captionTargetId-14="figure@31.[301,1285,505,1602]" captionTargetId-15="figure@33.[308,1278,649,1715]" captionTargetId-16="figure@34.[335,1252,750,1614]" captionTargetId-17="figure@35.[302,1286,668,1727]" captionTargetId-18="figure@36.[294,1294,622,1676]" captionTargetId-19="figure@38.[307,1279,649,1533]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[297,1290,415,1618]" captionTargetId-20="figure@39.[323,1263,564,1541]" captionTargetId-21="figure@41.[361,1225,449,1430]" captionTargetId-22="figure@42.[348,1224,525,1574]" captionTargetId-23="figure@44.[306,1280,729,1738]" captionTargetId-24="figure@45.[305,1283,1154,1742]" captionTargetId-25="figure@46.[384,1202,310,1211]" captionTargetId-26="figure@47.[333,1254,689,1748]" captionTargetId-27="figure@48.[305,1281,1068,1704]" captionTargetId-28="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetId-29="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetId-30="figure@53.[304,1284,713,1726]" captionTargetId-31="figure@54.[323,1267,310,1709]" captionTargetId-32="figure@55.[305,1282,310,1487]" captionTargetId-33="figure@57.[273,1313,729,1700]" captionTargetId-34="figure@58.[355,1231,873,1521]" captionTargetId-35="figure@59.[312,1275,729,1747]" captionTargetId-36="figure@60.[278,1309,310,964]" captionTargetId-37="figure@62.[298,1288,409,1549]" captionTargetId-38="figure@64.[287,1300,649,1635]" captionTargetId-39="figure@65.[330,1257,633,1732]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetId-40="figure@66.[304,1282,569,1583]" captionTargetId-41="figure@68.[265,1321,969,1779]" captionTargetId-42="figure@69.[277,1311,510,1700]" captionTargetId-43="figure@71.[281,1305,889,1455]" captionTargetId-44="figure@72.[275,1311,649,1670]" captionTargetId-45="figure@73.[296,1290,809,1454]" captionTargetId-46="figure@76.[311,1275,751,1546]" captionTargetId-47="figure@77.[321,1266,529,1233]" captionTargetId-48="figure@79.[344,1238,312,1827]" captionTargetId-49="figure@80.[344,1241,318,1600]" captionTargetId-5="figure@20.[289,1298,689,1763]" captionTargetId-50="figure@82.[319,1275,508,1728]" captionTargetId-6="figure@21.[319,1272,569,1127]" captionTargetId-7="figure@22.[294,1294,449,1393]" captionTargetId-8="figure@24.[318,1259,731,1752]" captionTargetId-9="figure@25.[300,1287,678,1250]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-10="26" captionTargetPageId-11="28" captionTargetPageId-12="29" captionTargetPageId-13="30" captionTargetPageId-14="31" captionTargetPageId-15="33" captionTargetPageId-16="34" captionTargetPageId-17="35" captionTargetPageId-18="36" captionTargetPageId-19="38" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-20="39" captionTargetPageId-21="41" captionTargetPageId-22="42" captionTargetPageId-23="44" captionTargetPageId-24="45" captionTargetPageId-25="46" captionTargetPageId-26="47" captionTargetPageId-27="48" captionTargetPageId-28="49" captionTargetPageId-29="50" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-30="53" captionTargetPageId-31="54" captionTargetPageId-32="55" captionTargetPageId-33="57" captionTargetPageId-34="58" captionTargetPageId-35="59" captionTargetPageId-36="60" captionTargetPageId-37="62" captionTargetPageId-38="64" captionTargetPageId-39="65" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-40="66" captionTargetPageId-41="68" captionTargetPageId-42="69" captionTargetPageId-43="71" captionTargetPageId-44="72" captionTargetPageId-45="73" captionTargetPageId-46="76" captionTargetPageId-47="77" captionTargetPageId-48="79" captionTargetPageId-49="80" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionTargetPageId-50="82" captionTargetPageId-6="21" captionTargetPageId-7="22" captionTargetPageId-8="24" captionTargetPageId-9="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 ­ 7. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (1 ­ 2, Moscow Region, Russia), G. carteriensis Pace (3 ­ 4, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5 ­ 6, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." captionText-10="FIGURES 61 ­ 71. Genitalia of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 61 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 62 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 63 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 64 everted internal sac, ventral view; 65 spermatheca; 66 ­ 67 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 68 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 69 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 70 everted internal sac, lateral view; 71 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (61, 64, 66 ­ 67, 70), 0.1 mm (62 ­ 63, 65, 68 ­ 69, 71)." captionText-11="FIGURES 72 ­ 76. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba graveyardensis Pace (Graveyard Fields, North Carolina). 72 male tergum 8; 73 male sternum 8; 74 female tergum 8; 75 female sternum 8, 76 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (72 ­ 75), 0.1 mm (76)." captionText-12="FIGURES 77 ­ 80. Aedeagus of Geostiba graveyardensis Pace (Graveyard Fields, North Carolina). 77 median lobe, ventral view; 78 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 79 median lobe, lateral view; 80 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (77, 79), 0.1 mm (78, 80)." captionText-13="FIGURES 81 ­ 93. Genitalia of Geostiba graveyardensis Pace (Graveyard Fields (81, 84 ­ 88, 91 ­ 93) and Black Balsam Knob Road (82 ­ 83, 89 ­ 90), North Carolina). 81 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 82 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 83 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 84 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 85 everted internal sac, ventral view; 86 spermatheca; 87 ­ 88 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 89 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 90 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 91 everted internal sac, lateral view; 92 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 93 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (81, 85, 87 ­ 88, 91), 0.1 mm (82 ­ 84, 86, 89 ­ 90, 92 ­ 93)." captionText-14="FIGURES 94 ­ 99. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 94 male tergum 8; 95 male sternum 8; 96 female tergum 8; 97 female sternum 8, 98 apex of female sternum 8; 99 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (94 ­ 97, 99), 0.1 mm (98)." captionText-15="FIGURES 100 ­ 107. Aedeagus of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (100 ­ 103 holotype; 104 ­ 107 Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 100, 104 median lobe, ventral view; 101, 105 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 102, 106 median lobe, lateral view; 103, 107 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (100, 102, 104, 106), 0.1 mm (101, 103, 105, 107)." captionText-16="FIGURES 108 ­ 119. Genitalia of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 108 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 109 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 110 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 111 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 112 everted internal sac, ventral view; 113 spermatheca; 114 ­ 115 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 116 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 117 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 118 everted internal sac, lateral view; 119 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (108, 112, 114 ­ 115, 118), 0.1 mm (109 ­ 111, 113, 116 ­ 117, 119)." captionText-17="FIGURES 120 ­ 125. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Waterrock Knob (120 ­ 121, 125) and junction of Blue Ridge Parkway and Balsam Mountain Road (122 ­ 124), North Carolina). 120 male tergum 8; 121 male sternum 8; 122 female tergum 8; 123 female sternum 8, 124 apex of female sternum 8; 125 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (120 ­ 123, 125), 0.1 mm (124)." captionText-18="FIGURES 126 ­ 133. Aedeagus of Geostiba pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from the junction of Blue Ridge Parkway and Balsam Mountain Road (126 ­ 129, 132 ­ 133) and Waterrock Knob (130 ­ 131), North Carolina). 126, 130, 132 median lobe, ventral view; 127, 131, 133 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 128 median lobe, lateral view; 129 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (126, 128, 130, 132), 0.1 mm (127, 129, 131, 133)." captionText-19="FIGURES 134 ­ 145. Genitalia of Geostiba pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from the junction of Blue Ridge Parkway and Balsam Mountain Road (134, 139 ­ 141) and Waterrock Knob (135 ­ 138, 142 ­ 145), North Carolina). 134 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 135 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 136 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 137 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 138 everted internal sac, ventral view; 139 spermatheca; 140 ­ 141 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 142 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 143 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 144 everted internal sac, lateral view; 145 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (134, 138, 140 ­ 141, 144), 0.1 mm (135 ­ 137, 139, 142 ­ 143, 145)." captionText-2="FIGURES 18 ­ 20. Thorax of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and G. carteriensis Pace (19, Tennessee). 18 ­ 19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm." captionText-20="FIGURES 146 ­ 151. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from the Appalachian National Scenic Trail W of Clingmans Dome, Tennessee / North Carolina). 146 male tergum 8; 147 male sternum 8; 148 female tergum 8; 149 female sternum 8, 150 apex of female sternum 8; 151 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (146 ­ 149, 151), 0.1 mm (150)." captionText-21="FIGURES 152 ­ 156. Aedeagus of Geostiba nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Highways 441 &amp; 71, Tennessee (152, 154 ­ 156) and Appalachian National Scenic Trail W of Clingmans Dome (153), Tennessee / North Carolina). 152 median lobe, ventral view; 153 ­ 154 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 155 median lobe, lateral view; 156 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (152, 155), 0.1 mm (153 ­ 154, 156)." captionText-22="FIGURES 157 ­ 168. Genitalia of Geostiba nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Appalachian National Scenic Trail W of Clingmans Dome (157 ­ 162, 165 ­ 168), Tennessee / North Carolina and Highways 441 &amp; 71, Tennessee (163 ­ 164 )). 157 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 158 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 159 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 160 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 161 everted internal sac, ventral view; 162 spermatheca; 163 ­ 164 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 165 details of slightly everted internal sac, lateral view; 166 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 167 everted internal sac, lateral view; 168 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (157, 161, 163 ­ 165, 167), 0.1 mm (158 ­ 160, 162, 166, 168)." captionText-23="FIGURES 169 ­ 173. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba crepusculigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Snake Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 169 male tergum 8; 170 male sternum 8; 171 female tergum 8; 172 female sternum 8, 173 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (169 ­ 172), 0.1 mm (173)." captionText-24="FIGURES 174 ­ 177. Aedeagus of Geostiba crepusculigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratype from Snake Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 174 median lobe, ventral view; 175 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 176 median lobe, lateral view; 177 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (174, 176), 0.1 mm (175, 177)." captionText-25="FIGURES 178 ­ 186. Genitalia of Geostiba crepusculigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Snake Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 178 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 179 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 180 everted internal sac, ventral view; 181 spermatheca; 182 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe; 183 ­ 184 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 185 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 186 everted internal sac, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (178, 180, 183 ­ 184, 186), 0.1 mm (179, 181 ­ 182, 185)." captionText-26="FIGURES 187 ­ 192. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 187 male tergum 8; 188 male sternum 8; 189 female tergum 8; 190 female sternum 8, 191 apex of female sternum 8; 192 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (187 ­ 190, 192), 0.1 mm (191)." captionText-27="FIGURES 193 ­ 196. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 193 median lobe, ventral view; 194 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 195 median lobe, lateral view; 196 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (193, 195), 0.1 mm (194, 196)." captionText-28="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." captionText-29="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." captionText-3="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-30="FIGURES 213 ­ 218. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain (213 ­ 215, 218) and Blue Ridge Parkway (216 ­ 217), North Carolina). 213 male tergum 8; 214 male sternum 8; 215 female tergum 8; 216 female sternum 8, 217 apex of female sternum 8; 218 medial portion of female tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (213 ­ 216, 218), 0.1 mm (217)." captionText-31="FIGURES 219 ­ 229. Aedeagus of Geostiba nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain (219 ­ 222), Blue Ridge Parkway (223), Graveyard Fields (224 ­ 227) and Grassy Ridge Mine Overlook (228 ­ 229), North Carolina). 219, 224, 226, 228 median lobe, ventral view; 220, 223, 225, 227, 229 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 221 median lobe, lateral view; 222 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (219, 221, 224, 226, 228), 0.1 mm (220, 222 ­ 223, 225, 227, 229)." captionText-32="FIGURES 230 ­ 246. Genitalia of Geostiba nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain (230 ­ 231, 234 ­ 235, 237 ­ 238, 242, 246) and Blue Ridge Parkway (232 ­ 233, 236, 239 ­ 241, 243 ­ 245), North Carolina). 230 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 231 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 232 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 233 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 234 everted internal sac, ventral view; 235 ­ 236 spermatheca; 237 ­ 238 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 239 partially everted internal sac, lateral view; 240 details of internal sac inside partially everted internal sac, lateral view; 241 everted internal sac, lateral view; 242 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 243 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 244 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 245 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 246 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (230, 234, 237 ­ 242), 0.1 mm (231 ­ 233, 235 ­ 236, 243 ­ 246)." captionText-33="FIGURES 247 ­ 252. Abdominal segment 8 and aedeagus of Geostiba coeligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratype). 247 male tergum 8; 248 male sternum 8; 249 median lobe, ventral view; 250 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 251 median lobe, lateral view; 252 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (247 ­ 249, 251), 0.1 mm (250, 252)." captionText-34="FIGURES 253 ­ 261. Aedeagus of Geostiba coeligena Gusarov, sp. n. (253, 256 ­ 258, 260 ­ 261 paratype, 254 ­ 255, 259 ­ holotype). 253 everted internal sac, ventral view; 254 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 255 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 256 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 257 left proximal diverticulum of everted internal sac, ventral view; 258 everted internal sac, lateral view; 259 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 260 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 261 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (253, 258), 0.1 mm (254 ­ 257, 259 ­ 261)." captionText-35="FIGURES 262 ­ 266. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba alticola Lohse &amp; Smetana (N slope of Mt. Mitchell (262 ­ 263) and 21 km S Burnsville (264 ­ 266), North Carolina). 262 male tergum 8; 263 male sternum 8; 264 female tergum 8; 265 female sternum 8, 266 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (262 ­ 265), 0.1 mm (266)." captionText-36="FIGURES 267 ­ 270. Aedeagus of Geostiba alticola Lohse &amp; Smetana (N slope of Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina). 267 median lobe, ventral view; 268 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 269 median lobe, lateral view; 270 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (267, 269), 0.1 mm (268, 270)." captionText-37="FIGURES 271 ­ 283. Genitalia of Geostiba alticola Lohse &amp; Smetana (Mt. Mitchell (272 ­ 275, 278 ­ 282), N slope of Mt. Mitchell (271, 277, 283) and 21 km S Burnsville (276), North Carolina). 271 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 272 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 273 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 274 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 275 everted internal sac, ventral view; 276 spermatheca; 277 ­ 278 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 279 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 280 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 281 everted internal sac, lateral view; 282 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 283 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (271, 275, 277 ­ 278, 281), 0.1 mm (272 ­ 274, 276, 279 ­ 280, 282 ­ 283)." captionText-38="FIGURES 284 ­ 288. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba carteriensis Pace (Roan Road Pass, Tennessee / North Carolina). 284 male tergum 8; 285 male sternum 8; 286 female tergum 8; 287 female sternum 8, 288 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (284 ­ 287), 0.1 mm (288)." captionText-39="FIGURES 289 ­ 293. Aedeagus of Geostiba carteriensis Pace (Big Bald (289) and Roan Road Pass (290 ­ 293), Tennessee / North Carolina). 289 ­ 290 median lobe, ventral view; 291 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 292 median lobe, lateral view; 293 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (289 ­ 290, 292), 0.1 mm (291, 293)." captionText-4="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." captionText-40="FIGURES 294 ­ 305. Genitalia of Geostiba carteriensis Pace (Roan Road Pass, Tennessee / North Carolina). 294 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 295 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 296 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 297 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 298 everted internal sac, ventral view; 299 spermatheca; 300 ­ 301 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 302 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 303 everted internal sac, lateral view; 304 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 305 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (294, 298, 300 ­ 301, 303), 0.1 mm (295 ­ 297, 299, 302, 304 ­ 305)." captionText-41="FIGURES 306 ­ 309. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba impressula (Casey) (Triangle Lake, Oregon). 306 male tergum 8; 307 male sternum 8; 308 female tergum 8; 309 female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.5 mm." captionText-42="FIGURES 310 ­ 315. Aedeagus of Geostiba impressula (Casey) (lectotype of Sipalia fossata Casey (310 ­ 311) and a specimen from Triangle Lake, Oregon (312 ­ 315 )). 310, 312 median lobe, ventral view; 311, 315 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 313 median lobe, lateral view; 314 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.4 mm (310, 312 ­ 313), 0.2 mm (311, 314 ­ 315)." captionText-43="FIGURES 316 ­ 320. Genitalia of Geostiba impressula (Casey) (holotype (316) and specimens from Triangle Lake, Oregon (317 ­ 320 )). 316 ­ 317 spermatheca; 318 everted internal sac, ventral view; 319 everted internal sac, lateral view; 320 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (316 ­ 317, 320), 0.4 mm (318 ­ 319)." captionText-44="FIGURES 321 ­ 326. Abdominal segment 8 and aedeagus of Geostiba silvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (holotype). 321 male tergum 8; 322 male sternum 8; 323 median lobe, ventral view; 324 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 325 median lobe, lateral view; 326 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.4 mm (321 ­ 323, 325), 0.2 mm (324, 326)." captionText-45="FIGURES 327 ­ 335. Genitalia of Geostiba silvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (holotype). 327 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 328 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 329 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 330 everted internal sac, ventral view; 331 everted internal sac, lateral view; 332 ­ 333 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 334 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe; 335 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view. Scale bar 0.4 mm (327, 330 ­ 333), 0.2 mm (328 ­ 329, 334 ­ 335)." captionText-46="FIGURE 336. Geographical distribution of Nearctic species of Geostiba. The ellipse indicates the area where eleven Southern Appalachian species are distributed." captionText-47="FIGURE 337. Geographical distribution of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. The ellipse indicates the area where eleven Southern Appalachian species are distributed." captionText-48="FIGURE 338. Geographical distribution of twelve species of Geostiba in the Southern Appalachians. Isohypses 1200 m and 1500 m are shown. Areas above 1500 m are solid black." captionText-49="FIGURE 339. Detailed geographical distribution of Geostiba alticola Lohse &amp; Smetana (11) and G. carteriensis Pace (12) in the Southern Appalachians. Isohypses 1200 m and 1500 m are shown. Areas above 1500 m are solid black." captionText-5="FIGURES 29 ­ 33. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain, West Virginia). 29 male tergum 8; 30 male sternum 8; 31 female tergum 8; 32 female sternum 8, 33 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (29 ­ 32), 0.1 mm (33)." captionText-50="FIGURE 340. Detailed geographical distribution of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (2), G. graveyardensis Pace (3), G. nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (4), G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5), G. nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (6), G. crepusculigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7), G. balsamensis Pace (8), G. nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (9), G. coeligena Gusarov, sp. n. (10) in the Southern Appalachians. Isohypses 1200 m and 1500 m are shown. Areas above 1500 m are solid black." captionText-6="FIGURES 34 ­ 37. Aedeagus of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratype from Black Mountain, West Virginia). 34 median lobe, ventral view; 35 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 36 median lobe, lateral view; 37 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (34, 36), 0.1 mm (35, 37)." captionText-7="FIGURES 38 ­ 50. Genitalia of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain (38, 40 ­ 45, 47 ­ 50) and Back Allegheny Mountain (39, 46), West Virginia). 38 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 39 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 40 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 41 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 42 everted internal sac, ventral view; 43 spermatheca; 44 ­ 45 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 46 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 47 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 48 everted internal sac, lateral view; 49 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 50 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (38, 42, 44 ­ 45, 48), 0.1 mm (39 ­ 41, 43, 46 ­ 47, 49 ­ 50)." captionText-8="FIGURES 51 ­ 56. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 51 male tergum 8; 52 male sternum 8; 53 female tergum 8; 54 female sternum 8, 55 apex of female sternum 8; 56 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (51 ­ 54, 56), 0.1 mm (55)." captionText-9="FIGURES 57 ­ 60. Aedeagus of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 57 median lobe, ventral view; 58 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 59 median lobe, lateral view; 60 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (57, 59), 0.1 mm (58, 60)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/155712/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/155713/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/155714/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/155715/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/155716/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/155717/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/155718/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/155719/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/155720/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/155721/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" httpUri-20="https://zenodo.org/record/155722/files/figure.png" httpUri-21="https://zenodo.org/record/155723/files/figure.png" httpUri-22="https://zenodo.org/record/155724/files/figure.png" httpUri-23="https://zenodo.org/record/155725/files/figure.png" httpUri-24="https://zenodo.org/record/155726/files/figure.png" httpUri-25="https://zenodo.org/record/155727/files/figure.png" httpUri-26="https://zenodo.org/record/155728/files/figure.png" httpUri-27="https://zenodo.org/record/155729/files/figure.png" httpUri-28="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" httpUri-29="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" httpUri-30="https://zenodo.org/record/155732/files/figure.png" httpUri-31="https://zenodo.org/record/155733/files/figure.png" httpUri-32="https://zenodo.org/record/155734/files/figure.png" httpUri-33="https://zenodo.org/record/155735/files/figure.png" httpUri-34="https://zenodo.org/record/155736/files/figure.png" httpUri-35="https://zenodo.org/record/155737/files/figure.png" httpUri-36="https://zenodo.org/record/155738/files/figure.png" httpUri-37="https://zenodo.org/record/155739/files/figure.png" httpUri-38="https://zenodo.org/record/155740/files/figure.png" httpUri-39="https://zenodo.org/record/155741/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" httpUri-40="https://zenodo.org/record/155742/files/figure.png" httpUri-41="https://zenodo.org/record/155743/files/figure.png" httpUri-42="https://zenodo.org/record/155744/files/figure.png" httpUri-43="https://zenodo.org/record/155745/files/figure.png" httpUri-44="https://zenodo.org/record/155746/files/figure.png" httpUri-45="https://zenodo.org/record/155747/files/figure.png" httpUri-46="https://zenodo.org/record/155748/files/figure.png" httpUri-47="https://zenodo.org/record/155749/files/figure.png" httpUri-48="https://zenodo.org/record/155750/files/figure.png" httpUri-49="https://zenodo.org/record/155751/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/155707/files/figure.png" httpUri-50="https://zenodo.org/record/155752/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/155708/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/155709/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/155710/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/155711/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1­340</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF9A39264D2DFB0DFCBBFE69" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFB0DFD08FB32" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFB0DFD08FB32" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFB0DFDABFB12" ID-CoL="9LCDZ" authority="Gistel, 1856: 387" authorityName="Gistel" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1856" box="[264,579,1201,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFB0DFE9AFB12" box="[264,370,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Evanystes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D59FB0DFDABFB12" author="Gistel" box="[380,579,1201,1224]" page="387" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D59FB0DFDEDFB12" author="Gistel" box="[380,517,1201,1224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Gistel, J. (1856) Die Mysterien der Europaischen Insectenwelt. Kempten: Druck und Verlag von Tobias Dannheimer. 530 pp." type="book" year="1856">Gistel, 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 387
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF9A39274E76FB0DFD62FB12" box="[595,650,1201,1224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274EDEFB0DFB5DFB12" authority="Gravenhorst, 1806" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1806" box="[763,1205,1201,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274EDEFB0DFC08FB12" box="[763,992,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aleochara circellaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274FCCFB0DFB5DFB12" author="Gravenhorst" box="[1001,1205,1201,1224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1806) Monographia Coleopterorum Micropterorum. Gottingen: Henricus Dieterich. xvi + 248 pp." type="book" year="1806">Gravenhorst, 1806</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DD9FB6DFD35FB32" author="Blackwelder" box="[508,733,1233,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">(Blackwelder 1952))</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFB4DFE9FFAF2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFB4DFE9FFAF2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFB4DFDA4FAD2" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Thomson, 1858: 33" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1858" box="[264,588,1265,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFB4DFE80FAD2" box="[264,360,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D54FB4DFDA4FAD2" author="Thomson" box="[369,588,1265,1288]" page="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D54FB4DFDF5FAD2" author="Thomson" box="[369,541,1265,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forkhandlingar, 15, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF9A39274E7EFB4DFD7AFAD2" box="[603,658,1265,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274EDAFB4DFB5EFAD2" authority="Gravenhorst, 1806" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1806" box="[767,1206,1265,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274EDAFB4DFC0BFAD2" box="[767,995,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aleochara circellaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274FCEFB4DFB5EFAD2" author="Gravenhorst" box="[1003,1206,1265,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1806) Monographia Coleopterorum Micropterorum. Gottingen: Henricus Dieterich. xvi + 248 pp." type="book" year="1806">Gravenhorst, 1806</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFA8DFD78FAB2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFA8DFD78FAB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFA8DFDDAFA92" ID-CoL="8XPWL" authority="Fenyes, 1920: 249" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1920" box="[264,562,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFA8DFEBBFA92" box="[264,339,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D4DFA8DFDDAFA92" author="Fenyes" box="[360,562,1329,1352]" page="249" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D4DFA8DFE12FA92" author="Fenyes" box="[360,506,1329,1352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Fenyes, A. (1920) Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 173 B. Bruxelles: L. Desmet-Verteneuil, pp. 111 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1920">Fenyes, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274E55FA8DFCB0FA92" author="Mulsant" box="[624,856,1329,1352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Mulsant, E. &amp; Rey, C. (1853) Description de quelques Coleopteres nouveaux ou peu connus, de la tribu des Brachelytres. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, ser. 2, 1, 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853</bibRefCitation>
; non
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274FB7FA8DFBC2FA92" author="Fauvel" box="[914,1066,1329,1352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Fauvel, A. (1902 a) Zur Staphyliniden-Fauna von Ceylan, von Dr. Max Bernhauer (Deutsche Entom. Zeits., 1902, Heft I). Revue d'Entomologie, 21, 40 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1902" yearSuffix="a">Fauvel, 1902a</bibRefCitation>
) (as valid genus in tribe
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D1DFAEDFD6CFAB2" authority="Thomson, 1867" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[312,644,1361,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmedoniini">Myrmedoniini Thomson, 1867</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFACDFCBDFA52" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,853,1393,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFACDFCBDFA52" box="[264,853,1393,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFACDFDA0FA52" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Fenyes, 1920: 249" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1920" box="[264,584,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFACDFE80FA52" box="[264,360,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58FACDFDA0FA52" author="Fenyes" box="[381,584,1393,1416]" page="249" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58FACDFDE7FA52" author="Fenyes" box="[381,527,1393,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Fenyes, A. (1920) Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 173 B. Bruxelles: L. Desmet-Verteneuil, pp. 111 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1920">Fenyes, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274EDFFACDFCAEFA52" box="[762,838,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274EDFFACDFCAEFA52" box="[762,838,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFA2DFC89FA72" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,865,1425,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFA2DFC89FA72" box="[264,865,1425,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFA2DFDBBFA72" authority="Fenyes, 1920: 249" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1920" box="[264,595,1425,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFA2DFE9AFA72" box="[264,370,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sonomota</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DADFA2DFDBBFA72" author="Fenyes" box="[392,595,1425,1448]" page="249" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DADFA2DFDF2FA72" author="Fenyes" box="[392,538,1425,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Fenyes, A. (1920) Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 173 B. Bruxelles: L. Desmet-Verteneuil, pp. 111 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1920">Fenyes, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F23FA2DFCBAFA72" box="[774,850,1425,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274F23FA2DFCBAFA72" box="[774,850,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFA0DFAE7FA12" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1295,1457,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFA0DFAE7FA12" box="[264,1295,1457,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFA0DFD1DFA12" ID-CoL="8XPWL" authority="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926: 599" authorityName="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz" authorityPageNumber="599" authorityYear="1926" box="[264,757,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFA0DFEBBFA12" box="[264,339,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D4DFA0DFD1DFA12" author="Bernhauer" box="[360,757,1457,1480]" page="599" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D4DFA0DFD54FA12" author="Bernhauer" box="[360,700,1457,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 499 - 988." type="journal article" year="1926">Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 599
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus in subtribe
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A3927483FFA0DFAEBFA12" ID-CoL="8VRC4" authority="Casey, 1910" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1910" box="[1050,1283,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Athetina">
Athetina
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274858FA0DFAEBFA12" author="Casey" box="[1149,1283,1457,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1910) New Species of the Staphylinid Tribe Myrmedoniini. Memoirs on the Coleoptera I. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 183." type="book chapter" year="1910">Casey, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFA6DFBFFFA32" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1047,1489,1512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFA6DFBFFFA32" box="[264,1047,1489,1512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFA6DFCE2FA32" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926: 599" authorityName="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz" authorityPageNumber="599" authorityYear="1926" box="[264,778,1489,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFA6DFE80FA32" box="[264,360,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58FA6DFCE2FA32" author="Bernhauer" box="[381,778,1489,1512]" page="599" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58FA6DFD39FA32" author="Bernhauer" box="[381,721,1489,1512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 499 - 988." type="journal article" year="1926">Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 599
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F99FA6DFBE0FA32" box="[956,1032,1489,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274F99FA6DFBE0FA32" box="[956,1032,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DFA4DFBCBF9D2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1059,1521,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DFA4DFBCBF9D2" box="[264,1059,1521,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DFA4DFCFDF9D2" authority="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926: 599" authorityName="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz" authorityPageNumber="599" authorityYear="1926" box="[264,789,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DFA4DFE9AF9D2" box="[264,370,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sonomota</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DADFA4DFCFDF9D2" author="Bernhauer" box="[392,789,1521,1544]" page="599" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DADFA4DFD34F9D2" author="Bernhauer" box="[392,732,1521,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 499 - 988." type="journal article" year="1926">Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 599
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274FE2FA4DFBFBF9D2" box="[967,1043,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274FE2FA4DFBFBF9D2" box="[967,1043,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF9ADFCF3F9F2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,795,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF9ADFCF3F9F2" box="[264,795,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF9ADFD8CF9F2" ID-CoL="8XPWL" authority="Scheerpeltz, 1951: 166" authorityName="Scheerpeltz" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1951" box="[264,612,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF9ADFEBBF9F2" box="[264,339,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sipalia</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D4DF9ADFD8CF9F2" author="Scheerpeltz" box="[360,612,1553,1576]" page="166" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D4DF9ADFDC3F9F2" author="Scheerpeltz" box="[360,555,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Scheerpeltz, O. (1951) Die neue Systematik der Gattung Sipalia Muls. Rey (Col. Staphylinidae). Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 92, 166 - 180." type="journal article" year="1951">Scheerpeltz, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 166
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF98DFCABF992" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,835,1585,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF98DFCABF992" box="[264,835,1585,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF98DFD65F992" ID-CoL="9LCDZ" authority="Blackwelder, 1952: 163" authorityName="Blackwelder" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1952" box="[264,653,1585,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF98DFE9AF992" box="[264,370,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Evanystes</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DA2F98DFD65F992" author="Blackwelder" box="[391,653,1585,1608]" page="163" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DA2F98DFDBCF992" author="Blackwelder" box="[391,596,1585,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">Blackwelder, 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 163
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF9EDFC46F9B2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,942,1617,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF9EDFC46F9B2" box="[264,942,1617,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF9EDFD6AF9B2" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Blackwelder, 1952: 163" authorityName="Blackwelder" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1952" box="[264,642,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF9EDFE80F9B2" box="[264,360,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58F9EDFD6AF9B2" author="Blackwelder" box="[381,642,1617,1640]" page="163" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58F9EDFDA1F9B2" author="Blackwelder" box="[381,585,1617,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">Blackwelder, 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 163
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F11F9EDFC77F9B2" ID-CoL="9LCDZ" box="[820,927,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274F11F9EDFC77F9B2" box="[820,927,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF9CDFB5CF952" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1204,1649,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF9CDFB5CF952" box="[264,1204,1649,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF9CDFD41F952" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Benick &amp; Lohse, 1974: 111" authorityName="Benick &amp; Lohse" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1974" box="[264,681,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF9CDFE80F952" box="[264,360,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58F9CDFD41F952" author="Benick" box="[381,681,1649,1672]" page="111" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58F9CDFD9AF952" author="Benick" box="[381,626,1649,1672]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" refString="Benick, G. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (1974) 14. Tribus: Callicerini (Athetae). In: Freude, H., Harde, K. W. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (Eds.), Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Band 5, Staphylinidae II (Hypocyphtinae und Aleocharinae). Pselaphidae. Krefeld: Goecke &amp; Evers Verlag, pp. 72 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1974">Benick &amp; Lohse, 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 111
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus in tribe
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F8FF9CDFB40F952" ID-CoL="8VSTP" authority="Lohse, 1969" authorityName="Lohse" authorityYear="1969" box="[938,1192,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Callicerini">Callicerini Lohse, 1969</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF92DFB7DF972" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1173,1681,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF92DFB7DF972" box="[264,1173,1681,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF92DFDA7F972" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Seevers, 1978: 126" authorityName="Seevers" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,591,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF92DFE80F972" box="[264,360,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58F92DFDA7F972" author="Seevers" box="[381,591,1681,1704]" page="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58F92DFDFFF972" author="Seevers" box="[381,535,1681,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus in subtribe Geostibina
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274FCAF92DFB60F972" author="Seevers" box="[1007,1160,1681,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers, 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF90DFC94F912" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,892,1713,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF90DFC94F912" box="[264,892,1713,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF90DFDB1F912" ID-CoL="9LCDZ" authority="Seevers, 1978: 126" authorityName="Seevers" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,601,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF90DFE9AF912" box="[264,370,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Evanystes</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DA2F90DFDB1F912" author="Seevers" box="[391,601,1713,1736]" page="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DA2F90DFDC9F912" author="Seevers" box="[391,545,1713,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F2EF90DFC83F912" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[779,875,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274F2EF90DFC83F912" box="[779,875,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF96DFBD6F932" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,1086,1745,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF96DFBD6F932" box="[264,1086,1745,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF96DFDA6F932" ID-CoL="9LCLD" authority="Seevers, 1978: 126" authorityName="Seevers" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,590,1745,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glossola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF96DFE8FF932" box="[264,359,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Glossola</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D59F96DFDA6F932" author="Seevers" box="[380,590,1745,1768]" page="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D59F96DFDFDF932" author="Seevers" box="[380,533,1745,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274EA9F96DFCFDF932" author="Fowler" box="[652,789,1745,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1888) The Coleoptera of the British Islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habitat, etc. Vol. II. Staphylinidae. London: L. Reeve &amp; Co., 444 pp." type="book" year="1888">Fowler 1888</bibRefCitation>
) (as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274FEBF96DFBC6F932" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[974,1070,1745,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274FEBF96DFBC6F932" box="[974,1070,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF94DFC95F8D2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,893,1777,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF94DFC95F8D2" box="[264,893,1777,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF94DFDB2F8D2" authority="Seevers, 1978: 128" authorityName="Seevers" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,602,1777,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF94DFE9AF8D2" box="[264,370,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sonomota</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DADF94DFDB2F8D2" author="Seevers" box="[392,602,1777,1800]" page="128" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DADF94DFDC9F8D2" author="Seevers" box="[392,545,1777,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 128
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274F28F94DFC85F8D2" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[781,877,1777,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274F28F94DFC85F8D2" box="[781,877,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF8ADFC9AF8F2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" box="[264,882,1809,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF8ADFC9AF8F2" box="[264,882,1809,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF8ADFD54F8F2" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Lohse &amp; Smetana, 1988: 270" authorityName="Lohse &amp; Smetana" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1988" box="[264,700,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF8ADFE80F8F2" box="[264,360,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274D58F8ADFD54F8F2" author="Lohse" box="[381,700,1809,1832]" page="270" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274D58F8ADFD6BF8F2" author="Lohse" box="[381,643,1809,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Lohse, G. A. &amp; Smetana, A. (1988) Four new species of Geostiba Thomson from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, with a key to North American species and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42 (3), 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1988">Lohse &amp; Smetana, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 270
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as valid genus).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9A39274D2DF88DFE67F8B2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1201,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9A39274D2DF88DFE67F8B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9A39274D2DF88DFE5DF892" ID-CoL="8VRPP" authority="Ashe" authorityName="Ashe" box="[264,437,1841,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D2DF88DFE80F892" box="[264,360,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geostiba</emphasis>
: Ashe
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9A39274D99F88DFE39F892" box="[444,465,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9A39274DFDF88DFC25F892" author="Newton" box="[472,973,1841,1864]" page="371" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9A39274DFDF88DFC7BF892" author="Newton" box="[472,915,1841,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2000">Newton, Thayer, Ashe &amp; Chandler, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 371
</treatmentCitation>
(as valid genus in subtribe Geostibina).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9B39264D2DFEA0FE2DFEA9" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9B39264D2DFEA0FE2DFEA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264D2DFEA0FE56FEE9" ID-CoL="9LCDZ" authority="Ashe" authorityName="Ashe" box="[264,446,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D2DFEA0FE9AFEE9" box="[264,370,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Evanystes</emphasis>
: Ashe
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264DE0FEA0FE32FEE9" box="[453,474,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9B39264DC5FEA0FC3BFEE9" author="Newton" box="[480,979,284,307]" page="371" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9B39264DC5FEA0FC72FEE9" author="Newton" box="[480,922,284,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2000">Newton, Thayer, Ashe &amp; Chandler, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 371
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B392648A1FEA0FB0CFEE9" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[1156,1252,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B392648A1FEA0FB0CFEE9" box="[1156,1252,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264D2DFE80FE5CFE89" ID-CoL="9LCLD" authority="Ashe" authorityName="Ashe" box="[264,436,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glossola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D2DFE80FE8FFE89" box="[264,359,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Glossola</emphasis>
: Ashe
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D9FFE80FE27FE89" box="[442,463,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9B39264DF3FE80FC24FE89" author="Newton" box="[470,972,316,339]" page="371" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9B39264DF3FE80FC7BFE89" author="Newton" box="[470,915,316,339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2000">Newton, Thayer, Ashe &amp; Chandler, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 371
</treatmentCitation>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9B3926482EFE80FB7CFE89" author="Fowler" box="[1035,1172,316,339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1888) The Coleoptera of the British Islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habitat, etc. Vol. II. Staphylinidae. London: L. Reeve &amp; Co., 444 pp." type="book" year="1888">Fowler 1888</bibRefCitation>
) (as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264D70FEE0FE5DFEA9" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[341,437,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D70FEE0FE5DFEA9" box="[341,437,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9B39264D2DFEC0FCBBFE69" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97F2EFF9B39264D2DFEC0FCBBFE69" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264D2DFEC0FE57FE49" authority="Ashe" authorityName="Ashe" box="[264,447,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D2DFEC0FE9AFE49" box="[264,370,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sonomota</emphasis>
: Ashe
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264DE0FEC0FE32FE49" box="[453,474,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="52587E11FF9B39264DC5FEC0FC3BFE49" author="Newton" box="[480,979,380,403]" page="371" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9B39264DC5FEC0FC72FE49" author="Newton" box="[480,922,380,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2000">Newton, Thayer, Ashe &amp; Chandler, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 371
</treatmentCitation>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B392648A3FEC0FB0EFE49" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[1158,1254,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B392648A3FEC0FB0EFE49" box="[1158,1254,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). (Other references for Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264E4FFE20FD22FE69" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[618,714,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264E4FFE20FD22FE69" box="[618,714,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are omitted)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="87860888FF9B39264D2DF96BFDDCF8B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[367,1205,490,1733]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9B39264D2DF96BFDDCF8B4" blockId="5.[264,1323,1751,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D2DF96BFE42F935" bold="true" box="[264,426,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 1­7</emphasis>
. Mouthparts of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264E44F964FC3BF934" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[609,979,1751,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264E44F964FCDDF935" box="[609,821,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geostiba circellaris</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
(1­2, Moscow Region, Russia),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264D2DF944FE09F8D4" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" box="[264,481,1783,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteriensis">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264D2DF944FE40F8D5" box="[264,424,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. carteriensis</emphasis>
Pace
</taxonomicName>
(3­4, Tennessee),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264E8CF944FC24F8D4" authority="Gusarov" authorityName="Gusarov" box="[681,972,1783,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appalachigena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264E8CF944FC80F8D5" box="[681,872,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. appalachigena</emphasis>
Gusarov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FABE3969FF9B39264FF2F94BFBFCF8D5" box="[983,1044,1783,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264FF2F94BFBFCF8D5" bold="true" box="[983,1044,1783,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(5­6, paratype from West Virginia) and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9B39264DB9F8A4FD60F8F4" authority="Gusarov" authorityName="Gusarov" box="[412,648,1815,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluvigena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264DB9F8A4FDCDF8F5" box="[412,549,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. pluvigena</emphasis>
Gusarov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FABE3969FF9B39264EB7F8ABFD26F8F5" box="[658,718,1815,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9B39264EB7F8ABFD26F8F5" bold="true" box="[658,718,1815,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="87860888FF9839254D2DF911FB69F8BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9839254D2DF911FB69F8BE" blockId="6.[264,1323,1709,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254D2DF911FE50F91F" bold="true" box="[264,440,1709,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 8­17</emphasis>
. Mouthparts of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9839254E57F912FC0DF91E" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[626,997,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254E57F912FCAFF91F" box="[626,839,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Geostiba circellaris</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
(8, Moscow Region, Russia),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9839254D2DF972FE38F93E" authority="Weise" authorityName="Weise" box="[264,464,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infirma">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254D2DF972FE9FF93F" box="[264,375,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. infirma</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
(9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9839254F59F972FBBBF93E" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" box="[892,1107,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteriensis">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254F59F972FBF3F93F" box="[892,1051,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. carteriensis</emphasis>
Pace
</taxonomicName>
(10­15, Tennessee),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9839254D2DF952FDC1F8DE" authority="Gusarov" authorityName="Gusarov" box="[264,553,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appalachigena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254D2DF952FE2FF8DF" box="[264,455,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. appalachigena</emphasis>
Gusarov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254E11F951FD98F8DF" bold="true" box="[564,624,1773,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FABE3969FF9839254E11F951FD98F8DF" box="[564,624,1773,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(16, paratype from West Virginia) and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9839254831F952FAE8F8DE" authority="Gusarov" authorityName="Gusarov" box="[1044,1280,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluvigena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9839254831F952FB76F8DF" box="[1044,1182,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. pluvigena</emphasis>
Gusarov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FABE3969FF983925492EF951FEF5F8FF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF983925492EF951FEF5F8FF" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(17, paratype from North Carolina). 8­10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16­17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8­15), 0.2 mm (16­17). L Length of antennal article.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF9939244D2DFEA7FCFEFDFC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D2DFEA7FCFEFDFC" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D2DFEA7FE60FEEF" bold="true" box="[264,392,283,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244DBCFEA0FDEBFEEF" box="[409,515,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244DBCFEA0FDEBFEEF" box="[409,515,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other athetine genera by the combination of the following characters: parallel­sided body; ligula divided into two separate but close lobes (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244D73FED0FE3AFE5C" box="[342,466,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 8­10</figureCitation>
); pronotum with microsetae directed posteriorly along the midline of the disc (
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF9939244D6DFE28FE6CFE74" box="[328,388,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
VI or V,
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9939244DD3FE28FD15FE74" author="Benick" box="[502,765,404,430]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refString="Benick, G. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (1974) 14. Tribus: Callicerini (Athetae). In: Freude, H., Harde, K. W. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (Eds.), Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Band 5, Staphylinidae II (Hypocyphtinae und Aleocharinae). Pselaphidae. Krefeld: Goecke &amp; Evers Verlag, pp. 72 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1974">Benick &amp; Lohse 1974</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244F32FE28FC98FE74" box="[791,880,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 ­ 20" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,428,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1290,415,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 ­ 20. Thorax of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and G. carteriensis Pace (19, Tennessee). 18 ­ 19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
); pronotal macrosetae short; pronotal hypomera fully visible in lateral view; mesotibia with short median macroseta; metatarsal segment 1 longer than segment 2; one empodial seta. Most species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF993924486CFE58FB5BFE27" box="[1097,1203,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF993924486CFE58FB5BFE27" box="[1097,1203,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are wingless, have shortened elytra and reduced eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF9939244D1DFD88FCCBFD1C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFD88FB5BFDAC" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244D1DFD88FE4AFD97" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[312,418,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D1DFD88FE4AFD97" box="[312,418,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244F20FD88FBF5FD94" ID-CoL="8VRBL" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[773,1053,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244F20FD88FCBAFD97" box="[773,850,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Atheta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9939244F7AFD88FBF5FD94" author="Thomson" box="[863,1053,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forkhandlingar, 15, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with similar pronotal pubescence and short elytra in having the ligula divided into two separate lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFD38FCCBFD1C" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244D1DFD38FE4AFD47" ID-CoL="8VRPP" box="[312,418,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D1DFD38FE4AFD47" box="[312,418,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244E62FD38FC7FFD44" ID-CoL="8VSDG" authority="Pace, 1983" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1983" box="[583,919,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tropimenelytron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244E62FD38FCE0FD47" box="[583,776,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tropimenelytron</emphasis>
Pace,
<quantity id="1401F5E5FF9939244F79FD38FC7FFD44" box="[860,919,644,670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03682" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1983.0">1983</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in having contiguous mesocoxae and the ligula divided into two separate lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF9939284D1DFD68FC9DFD94" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFD68FE75FCCC" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244D1DFD68FE4AFD37" box="[312,418,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D1DFD68FE4AFD37" box="[312,418,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244E1AFD68FCA0FD34" authority="Brundin, 1948" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1948" box="[575,840,724,750]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244E1AFD68FD7DFD37" box="[575,661,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alpinia</emphasis>
Brundin,
<quantity id="1401F5E5FF9939244F28FD68FCA0FD34" box="[781,840,724,750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94792" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1948.0">1948</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in having the ligula divided into two separate lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFC98FE97FC54" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244D1DFC98FE4AFCE7" box="[312,418,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D1DFC98FE4AFCE7" box="[312,418,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244E1BFC98FCA1FCE4" authority="Gozis, 1886" authorityName="Gozis" authorityYear="1886" box="[574,841,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ousipalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244E1BFC98FD5AFCE7" box="[574,690,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ousipalia</emphasis>
Gozis,
<quantity id="1401F5E5FF9939244F2BFC98FCA1FCE4" box="[782,841,804,830]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79044" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1886.0">1886</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in having the ligula divided into two separate lobes, but in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244DC8FCF0FDBFFCBF" box="[493,599,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244DC8FCF0FDBFFCBF" box="[493,599,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these lobes are contiguous while in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9939244FD8FCF0FB99FCBF" box="[1021,1137,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ousipalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244FD8FCF0FB99FCBF" box="[1021,1137,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ousipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are widely separated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFC27FAE6FC6C" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" box="[312,1294,923,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9939244D1DFC27FE38FC6F" bold="true" box="[312,464,923,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="1401F5E5FF9939244E1CFC20FD2CFC6C" box="[569,708,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7­3.2 mm</quantity>
. Body from dark brown to yellow, parallel­sided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9939244D1DFC78FBC5FA64" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Head as wide as long; eyes
<date id="A7477EC0FF9939244E5EFC78FD11FC04" box="[635,761,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1910-01-02" valueMax="1910-01-01" valueMin="1910-01-02">1/2 to 1/10</date>
as long as temples or absent; infraorbital carina absent. Antennal article 2 longer than article 3, 4 subquadrate or transverse, 5­10 transverse, last article as long as 9 and 10 combined, without coeloconic sensilla (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF99392448B4FBA8FAF3FBF4" box="[1169,1307,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 16­17</figureCitation>
). Labrum (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244D52FB80FE03FB8C" box="[375,491,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 7" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[367,1205,490,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[365,1207,490,1736]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 7. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (1 ­ 2, Moscow Region, Russia), G. carteriensis Pace (3 ­ 4, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5 ­ 6, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
) transverse, with straight anterior margin. Adoral surface of labrum (epipharynx) as in
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244DC7FBD8FDB9FBA4" box="[482,593,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 7" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[367,1205,490,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[365,1207,490,1736]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 7. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (1 ­ 2, Moscow Region, Russia), G. carteriensis Pace (3 ­ 4, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5 ­ 6, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244ECBFBD8FCBFFBA4" box="[750,855,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 7" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[367,1205,490,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[365,1207,490,1736]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 7. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (1 ­ 2, Moscow Region, Russia), G. carteriensis Pace (3 ­ 4, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5 ­ 6, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 5­7</figureCitation>
) symmetrical and broad, right mandible with a small medial tooth; ventral molar area without patches of denticles (400x). Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244D34FB08FE73FB14" box="[273,411,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 12­14</figureCitation>
) with galea extending beyond apex of lacinia; apical lobe of galea covered with numerous fine and short setae; apical quarter of lacinia with row of closely spaced spines, middle portion produced medially and covered with numerous setae. Maxillary palpus as in
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244D84FA90FE12FA9C" box="[417,506,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
. Labium as in
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244E9DFA90FC8AFA9C" box="[696,866,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 8­10, 15</figureCitation>
; labial palpi with three articles; ligula divided into two separate but close lobes; medial area of prementum with 1­2 pores and 0­ 10 pseudopores, lateral areas with 2­3 pores and single spinose pore. Hypopharyngeal lobes as in
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244DAEFA18FE08FA64" box="[395,480,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
. Mentum (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244E42FA18FD54FA64" box="[615,700,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) with anterior margin concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF99392B4D1DFA70FDE6FE84" blockId="7.[264,1324,283,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pronotum subquadrate or slightly transverse, broadest slightly in front of middle, sides broadly rounded; anterior margin convex; anterior and posterior angles rounded; posterior margin convex; surface covered with microsetae directed posteriorly in midline, posteriorly or obliquely posteriorly in lateral areas (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244F18F9F8FC7EF984" box="[829,918,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 ­ 20" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,428,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1290,415,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 ­ 20. Thorax of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and G. carteriensis Pace (19, Tennessee). 18 ­ 19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) (
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF9939244F95F9F8FC04F984" box="[944,1004,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
VI or V,
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9939244840F9F8FEACF95C" author="Benick" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refString="Benick, G. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (1974) 14. Tribus: Callicerini (Athetae). In: Freude, H., Harde, K. W. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (Eds.), Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Band 5, Staphylinidae II (Hypocyphtinae und Aleocharinae). Pselaphidae. Krefeld: Goecke &amp; Evers Verlag, pp. 72 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1974">Benick &amp; Lohse 1974</bibRefCitation>
); macrosetae short; hypomera fully visible in lateral view. Posterior margin of elytra straight. In few species wings fully developed, in most species wings shorter than elytra or absent. Meso ­ metasternum as in
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9939244EEBF900FCB5F90C" box="[718,861,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 ­ 20" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,428,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1290,415,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 ­ 20. Thorax of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and G. carteriensis Pace (19, Tennessee). 18 ­ 19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 18­19</figureCitation>
, mesosternal process long and wide, extended about 1/2 length of mesocoxal cavities, metasternal process short or not outlined (in wingless species), posterior margin of mesocoxal cavities complete or interrupted; mesocoxae contiguous. Mesotibia with short median macroseta (not longer than tibial width). Tarsal segmentation 4­5­5; metatarsal segment 1 longer than segment 2. One empodial seta present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="87860888FF96392B4D2DF9DBFDAEF964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[305,1280,428,1608]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF96392B4D2DF9DBFDAEF964" blockId="8.[264,1323,1639,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF96392B4D2DF9DBFE2BF9A5" bold="true" box="[264,451,1639,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 18­20</emphasis>
. Thorax of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF96392B4E6CF9DBFC5AF9A4" authority="Gusarov" authorityName="Gusarov" box="[585,946,1639,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appalachigena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF96392B4E6CF9DBFCA7F9A4" box="[585,847,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Geostiba appalachigena</emphasis>
Gusarov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FABE3969FF96392B4F99F9DBFC10F9A5" box="[956,1016,1639,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF96392B4F99F9DBFC10F9A5" bold="true" box="[956,1016,1639,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF96392B4DBAF93BFD92F944" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" box="[415,634,1671,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteriensis">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF96392B4DBAF93BFDD7F944" box="[415,575,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. carteriensis</emphasis>
Pace
</taxonomicName>
(19, Tennessee). 18­19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF96392B4D1DF953FB6DF883" blockId="8.[264,1324,1775,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Abdominal terga 3­5 with moderate transverse basal impressions. Tergum 7 1.2­1.3 times as long as tergum 6. Puncturation on terga 6­7 sparser than on terga 3­5. Female sternum 8 (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF96392B4DA9F883FDFCF883" box="[396,532,1855,1881]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 ­ 33" captionStartId="20.[264,383,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[298,1291,699,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[289,1298,689,1763]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 29 ­ 33. Abdominal segment 8 of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain, West Virginia). 29 male tergum 8; 30 male sternum 8; 31 female tergum 8; 32 female sternum 8, 33 apex of female sternum 8. Scale bar 0.2 mm (29 ­ 32), 0.1 mm (33)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155707/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 32­33</figureCitation>
) with row of apical microsetae (as in other
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF96392B4836F883FB91F883" box="[1043,1145,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athetini">Athetini</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF97392A4D1DFEA0FC49FE74" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male secondary characters absent or include some of the following: impression along pronotal midline, medial tubercle or extending lobe at posterior margin of pronotum, tubercle or carina near scutellum and/or impression on each elytron, 1­2 medial tubercles or carinae on tergum 7, tubercles or carinae on tergum 8.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF97392A4D1DFE00FDBCFD94" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view narrows apically (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4820FE00FB7AFE0C" box="[1029,1170,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 ­ 37" captionStartId="21.[264,383,1148,1172]" captionTargetBox="[321,1268,571,1127]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[319,1272,569,1127]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 34 ­ 37. Aedeagus of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratype from Black Mountain, West Virginia). 34 median lobe, ventral view; 35 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 36 median lobe, lateral view; 37 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (34, 36), 0.1 mm (35, 37)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 34­35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4885FE00FB0FFE0C" box="[1184,1255,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 ­ 60" captionStartId="25.[264,383,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[312,1277,687,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[300,1287,678,1250]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 57 ­ 60. Aedeagus of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 57 median lobe, ventral view; 58 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 59 median lobe, lateral view; 60 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (57, 59), 0.1 mm (58, 60)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155711/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">57­58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A48D3FE00FEDFFE24" captionStart="FIGURES 100 ­ 107" captionStartId="33.[264,383,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[319,1271,659,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[308,1278,649,1715]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 100 ­ 107. Aedeagus of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (100 ­ 103 holotype; 104 ­ 107 Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 100, 104 median lobe, ventral view; 101, 105 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 102, 106 median lobe, lateral view; 103, 107 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (100, 102, 104, 106), 0.1 mm (101, 103, 105, 107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155717/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">100­ 101</figureCitation>
). Internal sac with 1­2 pairs of diverticula (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4F64FE58FBF7FE24" box="[833,1055,484,510]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionStartId-1="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 21­22, 24­28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4809FE58FBA4FE24" box="[1068,1100,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 ­ 50" captionStartId="22.[264,383,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[306,1285,460,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[294,1294,449,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 38 ­ 50. Genitalia of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain (38, 40 ­ 45, 47 ­ 50) and Back Allegheny Mountain (39, 46), West Virginia). 38 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 39 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 40 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 41 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 42 everted internal sac, ventral view; 43 spermatheca; 44 ­ 45 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 46 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 47 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 48 everted internal sac, lateral view; 49 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 50 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (38, 42, 44 ­ 45, 48), 0.1 mm (39 ­ 41, 43, 46 ­ 47, 49 ­ 50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155709/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A487CFE58FB91FE24" box="[1113,1145,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 ­ 71" captionStartId="26.[264,383,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[351,1245,452,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[339,1255,439,1663]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 61 ­ 71. Genitalia of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 61 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 62 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 63 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 64 everted internal sac, ventral view; 65 spermatheca; 66 ­ 67 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 68 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 69 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 70 everted internal sac, lateral view; 71 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (61, 64, 66 ­ 67, 70), 0.1 mm (62 ­ 63, 65, 68 ­ 69, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155712/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">64</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A48A3FE58FB4EFE24" box="[1158,1190,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 ­ 93" captionStartId="30.[264,383,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[318,1269,441,1340]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[317,1274,437,1342]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 81 ­ 93. Genitalia of Geostiba graveyardensis Pace (Graveyard Fields (81, 84 ­ 88, 91 ­ 93) and Black Balsam Knob Road (82 ­ 83, 89 ­ 90), North Carolina). 81 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 82 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 83 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 84 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 85 everted internal sac, ventral view; 86 spermatheca; 87 ­ 88 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 89 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 90 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 91 everted internal sac, lateral view; 92 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 93 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (81, 85, 87 ­ 88, 91), 0.1 mm (82 ­ 84, 86, 89 ­ 90, 92 ­ 93)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155715/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">85</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4896FE58FB0AFE24" box="[1203,1250,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 108 ­ 119" captionStartId="34.[264,383,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[344,1245,762,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[335,1252,750,1614]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 108 ­ 119. Genitalia of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 108 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 109 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 110 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 111 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 112 everted internal sac, ventral view; 113 spermatheca; 114 ­ 115 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 116 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 117 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 118 everted internal sac, lateral view; 119 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (108, 112, 114 ­ 115, 118), 0.1 mm (109 ­ 111, 113, 116 ­ 117, 119)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155718/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">112</figureCitation>
). Copulatory piece with narrow apical process (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4F22FDB0FC82FDFC" box="[775,874,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4F5DFDB0FC70FDFC" box="[888,920,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4F80FDB0FC2DFDFC" box="[933,965,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 ­ 50" captionStartId="22.[264,383,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[306,1285,460,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[294,1294,449,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 38 ­ 50. Genitalia of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain (38, 40 ­ 45, 47 ­ 50) and Back Allegheny Mountain (39, 46), West Virginia). 38 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 39 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 40 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 41 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 42 everted internal sac, ventral view; 43 spermatheca; 44 ­ 45 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 46 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 47 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 48 everted internal sac, lateral view; 49 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 50 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (38, 42, 44 ­ 45, 48), 0.1 mm (39 ­ 41, 43, 46 ­ 47, 49 ­ 50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155709/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4FF7FDB0FC1BFDFC" box="[978,1011,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 ­ 71" captionStartId="26.[264,383,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[351,1245,452,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[339,1255,439,1663]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 61 ­ 71. Genitalia of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 61 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 62 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 63 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 64 everted internal sac, ventral view; 65 spermatheca; 66 ­ 67 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 68 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 69 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 70 everted internal sac, lateral view; 71 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (61, 64, 66 ­ 67, 70), 0.1 mm (62 ­ 63, 65, 68 ­ 69, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155712/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">62</figureCitation>
). Medial lamellae narrow (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4D34FD88FE05FD94" box="[273,493,564,590]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionStartId-1="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 21­22, 24­28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF97392A4DDCFD88FDAFFD94" box="[505,583,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 ­ 50" captionStartId="22.[264,383,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[306,1285,460,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[294,1294,449,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 38 ­ 50. Genitalia of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain (38, 40 ­ 45, 47 ­ 50) and Back Allegheny Mountain (39, 46), West Virginia). 38 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 39 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 40 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 41 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 42 everted internal sac, ventral view; 43 spermatheca; 44 ­ 45 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 46 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 47 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 48 everted internal sac, lateral view; 49 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 50 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (38, 42, 44 ­ 45, 48), 0.1 mm (39 ­ 41, 43, 46 ­ 47, 49 ­ 50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155709/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40, 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF97392A4D1DFDE7FB7CFB8C" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D1DFDE7FE28FDAF" bold="true" box="[312,448,603,629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4DF5FDE0FD85FDAC" author="Gistel" box="[464,621,604,630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Gistel, J. (1856) Die Mysterien der Europaischen Insectenwelt. Kempten: Druck und Verlag von Tobias Dannheimer. 530 pp." type="book" year="1856">Gistel (1856)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the generic name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4F99FDE0FBD9FDAF" box="[956,1073,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4F99FDE0FBD9FDAF" box="[956,1073,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include eight species but did not designate the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A4E4FFD38FD74FD44" box="[618,668,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species or provide the description. For a long time the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D74FD10FE2EFD1F" box="[337,454,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D74FD10FE2EFD1F" box="[337,454,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was ignored by staphylinid taxonomists who used the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A48BAFD10FAE1FD1F" box="[1183,1289,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48BAFD10FAE1FD1F" box="[1183,1289,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D2DFD68FEB3FD37" box="[264,347,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D2DFD68FEB3FD37" box="[264,347,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species included by Gistel in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EDCFD68FC86FD37" box="[761,878,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EDCFD68FC86FD37" box="[761,878,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
made it a very broadly defined group, somewhat equivalent to
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E0EFD40FD48FCCF" box="[555,672,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Homalota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E0EFD40FD48FCCF" box="[555,672,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Homalota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of early staphylinid taxonomists.
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4865FD40FAC3FCCC" author="Blackwelder" box="[1088,1323,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">Blackwelder (1952)</bibRefCitation>
made a very unfortunate choice when he designated
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4F4EFC98FB8CFCE7" box="[875,1124,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4F4EFC98FB8CFCE7" box="[875,1124,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aleochara circellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A48B8FC98FB27FCE4" box="[1181,1231,804,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D0EFCF0FE48FCBF" box="[299,416,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D0EFCF0FE48FCBF" box="[299,416,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As a result the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EE3FCF0FCD8FCBF" box="[710,816,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EE3FCF0FCD8FCBF" box="[710,816,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made a junior objective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D2DFCC8FE95FC57" box="[264,381,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D2DFCC8FE95FC57" box="[264,381,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To preserve the stability of nomenclature the majority of taxonomists working on the group continued to use the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EFBFC20FCA0FC6F" box="[734,840,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EFBFC20FCA0FC6F" box="[734,840,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4FE2FC20FB59FC6C" author="Blackwelder" box="[967,1201,924,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">Blackwelder (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and a few other entomologists used the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EE3FC78FCD3FC07" box="[710,827,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EE3FC78FCD3FC07" box="[710,827,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid, the requirements of the Code (§23.9.1,
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4D5CFC50FDE8FBDC" author="ICZN" box="[377,512,1004,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
) for preservation of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4ED7FC50FCB4FBDF" box="[754,860,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4ED7FC50FCB4FBDF" box="[754,860,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name are not met. An application to preserve the use of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E79FBA8FD2EFBF7" box="[604,710,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E79FBA8FD2EFBF7" box="[604,710,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suppress the use of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4FC3FBA8FBB3FBF7" box="[998,1115,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Evanystes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4FC3FBA8FBB3FBF7" box="[998,1115,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Evanystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been submitted to the Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Case 3239) by Gusarov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF97392A4D1DFBD8FC22F974" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4D1DFBD8FDB7FBA4" author="Mulsant" box="[312,607,1124,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Mulsant, E. &amp; Rey, C. (1853) Description de quelques Coleopteres nouveaux ou peu connus, de la tribu des Brachelytres. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, ser. 2, 1, 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant and Rey (1853)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EFBFBD8FCD9FBA7" box="[734,817,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EFBFBD8FCD9FBA7" box="[734,817,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A482BFBD8FEADFB7C" authority="Mannerheim, 1830" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Homalota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A482BFBD8FB6CFBA7" box="[1038,1156,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Homalota</emphasis>
Mannerheim, 1830
</taxonomicName>
, and included six species (three of them are now placed in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4FD0FB30FB1AFB7C" authority="Kraatz, 1856" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1856" box="[1013,1266,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4FD0FB30FBBAFB7F" box="[1013,1106,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A487CFB30FB1AFB7C" author="Kraatz" box="[1113,1266,1164,1190]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Kraatz, G. (1856) Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abteilung. Coleoptera. Bd. 2. Lief. 1 - 2. Berlin: Verlag der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, pp. 1 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1856">Kraatz, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, two in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D03FB08FE78FB17" box="[294,400,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D03FB08FE78FB17" box="[294,400,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and one in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E3BFB08FCC2FB14" authority="Fauvel, 1873" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1873" box="[542,810,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Octavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E3BFB08FD6EFB17" box="[542,646,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Octavius</emphasis>
Fauvel, 1873
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4F61FB08FC1EFB14" author="Fauvel" box="[836,1014,1204,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Fauvel, A. (1902 a) Zur Staphyliniden-Fauna von Ceylan, von Dr. Max Bernhauer (Deutsche Entom. Zeits., 1902, Heft I). Revue d'Entomologie, 21, 40 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1902" yearSuffix="a">Fauvel (1902a)</bibRefCitation>
validly designated
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A48FCFB08FD5CFB2C" authority="Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Homalota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformis">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48FCFB08FE41FB2F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Homalota difformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4D97FB60FD5CFB2C" author="Mulsant" box="[434,692,1244,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Mulsant, E. &amp; Rey, C. (1853) Description de quelques Coleopteres nouveaux ou peu connus, de la tribu des Brachelytres. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, ser. 2, 1, 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A4F2EFB60FCD5FB2C" box="[779,829,1244,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4FE3FB60FACFFB2C" authority="Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1853" box="[966,1319,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4FE3FB60FBF1FB2F" box="[966,1049,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4807FB60FACFFB2C" author="Mulsant" box="[1058,1319,1244,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Mulsant, E. &amp; Rey, C. (1853) Description de quelques Coleopteres nouveaux ou peu connus, de la tribu des Brachelytres. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, ser. 2, 1, 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Because at that time
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E25FAB8FD00FAC7" box="[512,744,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Homalota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformis">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E25FAB8FD00FAC7" box="[512,744,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Homalota difformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was already a member of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4806FAB8FB68FAC7" box="[1059,1152,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4806FAB8FB68FAC7" box="[1059,1152,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A48B5FAB8FACEFAC4" author="Kraatz" box="[1168,1318,1284,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Kraatz, G. (1856) Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abteilung. Coleoptera. Bd. 2. Lief. 1 - 2. Berlin: Verlag der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, pp. 1 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1856">Kraatz 1856</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4D2DFA90FE22FA9C" author="Bernhauer" box="[264,458,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. (1900) Die Staphyliniden-Gattung Leptusa Kraatz, nebst einer analytischen Bestimmungstabelle der palaarktischen Arten. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 50, 399 - 432." type="journal article" year="1900">Bernhauer 1900</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4DC5FA90FDDBFA9F" box="[480,563,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4DC5FA90FDDBFA9F" box="[480,563,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
replaced
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E8CFA90FC22FA9C" authority="(Fauvel 1902b)" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[681,970,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E8CFA90FCEEFA9F" box="[681,774,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4F3DFA90FC29FA9C" author="Fauvel" box="[792,961,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Fauvel, A. (1902 b). Catalogue des Staphylinides de la Barbarie, de la Basse-Egypte et des Iles Acores, Maderes, Salvages et Canaries (5 e edition). Revue d'Entomologie, 21, 45 - 189." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="b">Fauvel 1902b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Evidently Fauvels designation was overlooked by most workers.
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4ECFFAE8FCAFFAB7" box="[746,839,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4ECFFAE8FCAFFAB7" box="[746,839,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
continued to be used for the genus that included the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A4D87FAC0FE3CFA4C" box="[418,468,1404,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E7FFAC0FD45FA4F" box="[602,685,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E7FFAC0FD45FA4F" box="[602,685,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4E98FAC0FC97FA4C" author="Bernhauer" box="[701,895,1404,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. (1905) Neue Aleocharinen aus Nordamerika. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1905, 249 - 256." type="journal article" year="1905">Bernhauer 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4FA9FAC0FBCAFA4C" author="Reitter" box="[908,1058,1404,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Reitter, E. (1909) Fauna Germanica. Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Bd. 2. Stuttgart: K. G. Lutz, 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Reitter 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4815FAC0FE63FA64" author="Bernhauer" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 499 - 988." type="journal article" year="1926">Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz 1926</bibRefCitation>
; Scheerpeltz 1966,
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E5BFA18FD4FFA67" box="[638,679,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">etc.</emphasis>
) while
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4F2CFA18FCB4FA67" box="[777,860,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4F2CFA18FCB4FA67" box="[777,860,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used for
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4834FA18FB93FA67" box="[1041,1147,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4834FA18FB93FA67" box="[1041,1147,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A48ABFA18FE43FA3C" author="Sainte-Claire" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Sainte-Claire Deville, J. (1906) Catalogue critique des Coleopteres de la Corse. Revue d'Entomologie, 25, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1906">Sainte­Claire Deville 1906</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4D9AFA70FDB3FA3C" author="Reitter" box="[447,603,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Reitter, E. (1909) Fauna Germanica. Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Bd. 2. Stuttgart: K. G. Lutz, 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Reitter 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4E4AFA70FC1BFA3C" author="Bernhauer" box="[623,1011,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 499 - 988." type="journal article" year="1926">Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4822FA70FB35FA3C" author="Scheerpeltz" box="[1031,1245,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Scheerpeltz, O. (1934) Staphylinidae VIII. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 130. Berlin: W. Junk, pp. 1501 - 1881." type="journal article" year="1934">Scheerpeltz 1934</bibRefCitation>
;
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48D5FA70FAF1FA3F" box="[1264,1305,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">etc.</emphasis>
). Lohse (1974) and
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4DC4FA48FCE5F9D4" author="Benick" box="[481,781,1524,1550]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" refString="Benick, G. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (1974) 14. Tribus: Callicerini (Athetae). In: Freude, H., Harde, K. W. &amp; Lohse, G. A. (Eds.), Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Band 5, Staphylinidae II (Hypocyphtinae und Aleocharinae). Pselaphidae. Krefeld: Goecke &amp; Evers Verlag, pp. 72 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1974">Benick and Lohse (1974)</bibRefCitation>
brought attention to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A48F2FA48FAC2F9D7" box="[1239,1322,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48F2FA48FAC2F9D7" box="[1239,1322,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4D19F9A0FE71F9EF" box="[316,409,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4D19F9A0FE71F9EF" box="[316,409,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and since then the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EF5F9A0FCD2F9EF" box="[720,826,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EF5F9A0FCD2F9EF" box="[720,826,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was almost universally used as valid. A more detailed discussion of the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4EEBF9F8FCC9F987" box="[718,801,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4EEBF9F8FCC9F987" box="[718,801,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in the application to preserve the use of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4DA0F9D0FE0AF95F" box="[389,482,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4DA0F9D0FE0AF95F" box="[389,482,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suppress the use of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4F23F9D0FCB1F95F" box="[774,857,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4F23F9D0FCB1F95F" box="[774,857,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, submitted to the Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Case 3256) by Gusarov and Herman.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9739294D1DF900FC63FE84" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The generic name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E2AF900FCF1F90C" authority="Fowler, 1888" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1888" box="[527,793,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glossola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E2AF900FD9FF90F" box="[527,631,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Glossola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4E5BF900FCF1F90C" author="Fowler" box="[638,793,1724,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1888) The Coleoptera of the British Islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habitat, etc. Vol. II. Staphylinidae. London: L. Reeve &amp; Co., 444 pp." type="book" year="1888">Fowler, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is listed by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4F80F900FBBEF90C" author="Seevers" box="[933,1110,1724,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978">Seevers (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A48A8F900FEBEF924" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter">
Newton
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48D5F900FAC3F90F" box="[1264,1323,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4E0EF958FD7DF927" box="[555,661,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4E0EF958FD7DF927" box="[555,661,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is incorrect:
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4F5AF958FC0FF927" box="[895,999,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glossola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4F5AF958FC0FF927" box="[895,999,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Glossola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be listed as a synonym of the genus
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4DFEF8B0FCFCF8FC" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[475,788,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aloconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4DFEF8B0FDBBF8FF" box="[475,595,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aloconota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF97392A4E7EF8B0FCFCF8FC" author="Thomson" box="[603,788,1804,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forkhandlingar, 15, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A4F8EF8B0FC35F8FC" box="[939,989,1804,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4845F8B0FB20F8FF" box="[1120,1224,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glossola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4845F8B0FB20F8FF" box="[1120,1224,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Glossola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A48FCF8B0FDB5F894" authority="Erichson, 1839" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Homalota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gregaria">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A48FCF8B0FE4AF897" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Homalota gregaria</emphasis>
Erichson, 1839
</taxonomicName>
; by monotypy) is a synonym of the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF97392A4FDAF888FBDAF894" box="[1023,1074,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF97392A4897F888FAC3F897" box="[1202,1323,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aloconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF97392A4897F888FAC3F897" box="[1202,1323,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aloconota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294D37FEA0FD58FEEC" authority="Erichson, 1840" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[274,688,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tachyusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immunita">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294D37FEA0FE1EFEEF" box="[274,502,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tachyusa immunita</emphasis>
Erichson, 1840
</taxonomicName>
; by monotypy) which is regarded by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9439294844FEA0FED4FE84" author="Seevers" pageId="10" pageNumber="88" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, 71, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1978" yearSuffix="p">Seevers (1978, p. 110)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9439294D53FEF8FD8BFE84" author="Newton" box="[374,611,324,350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Newton
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294DFFFEF8FDFDFE87" box="[474,533,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 368) as a valid genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="87860888FF9439294D2DF91DFB31F923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[310,1273,423,1660]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9439294D2DF91DFB31F923" blockId="10.[264,1323,1697,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294D2DF91DFE2CF963" bold="true" box="[264,452,1697,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 21­25</emphasis>
. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294F9CF91EFAC2F963" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[953,1322,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294F9CF91EFB65F963" box="[953,1165,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geostiba circellaris</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
(21­23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294ECDF97EFC5EF903" authority="Weise" authorityName="Weise" box="[744,950,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infirma">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294ECDF97EFCB3F903" box="[744,859,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. infirma</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
(24­25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9439284D1DF896FC9DFD94" blockId="10.[264,1323,1834,1900]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,1830]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9439294D1DF896FD96F89E" author="Lohse" box="[312,638,1834,1860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="88" refString="Lohse, G. A. &amp; Smetana, A. (1988) Four new species of Geostiba Thomson from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, with a key to North American species and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42 (3), 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1988">Lohse and Smetana (1988)</bibRefCitation>
placed the name
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294F7CF896FB83F89E" authority="Casey, 1911" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1911" box="[857,1131,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294F7CF896FC27F899" box="[857,975,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sonomota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9439294FFCF896FB83F89E" author="Casey" box="[985,1131,1834,1860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeninae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera II. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 245." type="book chapter" year="1911">Casey, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(described as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294D84F8EEFE1CF8B1" box="[417,500,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294D84F8EEFE1CF8B1" box="[417,500,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sipalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9439294ECEF8EEFB9EF8B6" authority="Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1873" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1873" box="[747,1142,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Microdota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9439294ECEF8EEFC8EF8B1" box="[747,870,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Microdota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9439294F4AF8EEFB9EF8B6" author="Mulsant" box="[879,1142,1874,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="88" refString="Mulsant, E. &amp; Rey, C. (1873) Description de divers Coleopteres Brevipennes nouveaux ou peu connus. Opuscules Entomologiques, 15, 147 - 189." type="journal article" year="1873">Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D2DFEA0FDF1FEEC" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[264,537,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D2DFEA0FEBDFEEF" box="[264,341,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284D78FEA0FDF1FEEC" author="Thomson" box="[349,537,284,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forkhandlingar, 15, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This synonymy was overlooked by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284FF5FEA0FB2DFEEC" box="[976,1221,284,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2000). Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter">
Newton
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284811FEA0FB87FEEF" box="[1076,1135,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
who list
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D2DFEF8FE95FE87" box="[264,381,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D2DFEF8FE95FE87" box="[264,381,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sonomota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284E6BFEF8FD50FE87" box="[590,696,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284E6BFEF8FD50FE87" box="[590,696,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF9539284F26FEF8FCDDFE84" box="[771,821,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284F78FEF8FB6CFE84" authority="Casey 1911" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1911" box="[861,1156,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sipalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lippa">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284F78FEF8FC1BFE87" box="[861,1011,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sipalia lippa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284FDEFEF8FB6CFE84" author="Casey" box="[1019,1156,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeninae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera II. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 245." type="book chapter" year="1911">Casey 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(the
<typeStatus id="0C42E6A2FF95392848E5FEF8FB1BFE84" box="[1216,1267,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D78FED0FE3AFE5F" box="[349,466,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sonomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D78FED0FE3AFE5F" box="[349,466,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sonomota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation) has the ligula divided into two lobes only at the apex as in other species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284E62FE28FD7BFE77" box="[583,659,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284E62FE28FD7BFE77" box="[583,659,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284E8EFE28FCD4FE77" box="[683,828,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lippa">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284E8EFE28FCD4FE77" box="[683,828,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta lippa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to some other species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF95392848FBFE28FAC2FE77" box="[1246,1322,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF95392848FBFE28FAC2FE77" box="[1246,1322,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with short elytra (
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284DFFFE00FCF8FE0C" authority="Casey, 1910" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1910" box="[474,784,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turpicula">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284DFFFE00FD8EFE0F" box="[474,614,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. turpicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284E53FE00FCE0FE0C" author="Casey" box="[630,776,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1910) New Species of the Staphylinid Tribe Myrmedoniini. Memoirs on the Coleoptera I. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 183." type="book chapter" year="1910">Casey, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described from Colorado,
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284868FE00FEA4FE24" authority="Casey, 1910" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284868FE00FB24FE0F" box="[1101,1228,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. pacifica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF95392848F9FE00FEACFE24" author="Casey" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1910) New Species of the Staphylinid Tribe Myrmedoniini. Memoirs on the Coleoptera I. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 183." type="book chapter" year="1910">Casey, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from California and British
<collectingCountry id="ABEE1890FF9539284E81FE58FCF3FE24" box="[676,795,484,510]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Columbia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284F02FE58FB81FE24" authority="Casey, 1910" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1910" box="[807,1129,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperica">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284F02FE58FC54FE27" box="[807,956,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. hesperica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284FE8FE58FB89FE24" author="Casey" box="[973,1121,484,510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Casey, T. L. (1910) New Species of the Staphylinid Tribe Myrmedoniini. Memoirs on the Coleoptera I. Lancaster: The New Era Printing Company, pp. 1 - 183." type="book chapter" year="1910">Casey, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from California and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D19FDB0FDA0FDFC" authority="Pace, 1997" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1997" box="[316,584,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelli">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D19FDB0FE53FDFF" box="[316,443,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. cornelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284DE1FDB0FDA0FDFC" author="Pace" box="[452,584,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Pace, R. (1997) Aleocharinae attere del North Carolina, Tennessee e Oregon (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 15 (1), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="1997">Pace, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from Oregon) and may represent a distinct lineage within
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D7FFD88FE4EFD97" box="[346,422,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D7FFD88FE4EFD97" box="[346,422,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This group will be revised elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE30B8BFF95392D4D1DFDE7FDF7FE74" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9539284D1DFDE7FD9EFBF4" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D1DFDE7FE2BFDAF" bold="true" box="[312,451,603,629]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</emphasis>
To find additional characters for species identification and to establish the relationships of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284DE3FD38FDD8FD47" box="[454,560,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284DE3FD38FDD8FD47" box="[454,560,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the other genera of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284F19FD38FC74FD44" box="[828,924,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athetini">Athetini</taxonomicName>
a special study of the internal sac of the aedeagus has been undertaken. The details of the internal sac of Nearctic species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D2DFD68FE9AFD37" box="[264,370,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D2DFD68FE9AFD37" box="[264,370,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been illustrated adequately in published drawings (
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284874FD68FEAEFCCC" author="Lohse" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Lohse, G. A. &amp; Smetana, A. (1988) Four new species of Geostiba Thomson from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, with a key to North American species and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42 (3), 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1988">Lohse &amp; Smetana 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284D77FD40FE38FCCC" author="Pace" box="[338,464,764,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Pace, R. (1997) Aleocharinae attere del North Carolina, Tennessee e Oregon (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 15 (1), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="1997">Pace 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The internal sac has been studied both in retracted and everted position in some Palaearctic species and in all Nearctic species described in this paper. Comparison of the details of the internal sac in
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284EF0FCF0FCD7FCBF" box="[725,831,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284EF0FCF0FCD7FCBF" box="[725,831,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with those in some species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284889FCF0FB10FCBF" box="[1196,1272,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284889FCF0FB10FCBF" box="[1196,1272,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D2DFCC8FE95FC57" box="[264,381,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philhygra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284D2DFCC8FE95FC57" box="[264,381,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philhygra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284DB5FCC8FDD3FC54" author="Brundin" box="[400,571,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Brundin, L. (1944) Monographie der palaearktischen Arten der Atheta-Untergattung Hygroecia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, [1942] 53 (2), 129 - 300, Taf. xiii-xl." type="journal article" year="1944">Brundin 1944</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284E6EFCC8FD06FC54" author="Sawada" box="[587,750,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Sawada, K. (1972) Methodological Research in the Taxonomy of Aleocharinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 24 (1), 31 - 59." type="journal article" year="1972">Sawada 1972</bibRefCitation>
; Gusarov unpublished) demonstrates that in all three genera the internal sac has the same parts. The terms used by Brundin and Sawada can be applied to the homologous parts in the internal sac of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284FE8FC78FBDFFC07" box="[973,1079,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284FE8FC78FBDFFC07" box="[973,1079,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The illustrations of the internal sac in retracted, partially and completely everted state show position of these parts (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284D74FBA8FE10FBF4" box="[337,504,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 197­202</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284E21FBA8FD81FBF4" box="[516,617,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">204­211</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9539284D1DFB80FBE4FA64" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">To evert the internal sac, the aedeagus was placed in potassium hydroxide solution in which the soft tissue was partially dissolved. After that, the aedeagus was transferred into a drop of water. While the water was diffusing into the aedeagus it was often possible to evert the internal sac by gently pressing (dorsally) with an insect pin at the basal part of the median lobe. This apparently simulates the natural evertion of the internal sac during copulation when the muscles connecting the ventral and dorsal sides of the base of the aedeagus contract. To complete the evertion a thin but blunt minuten can be introduced inside the median lobe basally and then the partially everted internal sac can be pushed further out. After the internal sac has been everted, the aedeagus can be transferred back into potassium hydroxide solution for complete removal of soft tissue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF9539284D1DFA70FE17F8FC" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The copulatory piece (the term used by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284F09FA70FC0DFA3C" author="Sawada" box="[812,997,1484,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Sawada, K. (1972) Methodological Research in the Taxonomy of Aleocharinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 24 (1), 31 - 59." type="journal article" year="1972">Sawada (1972)</bibRefCitation>
; equivalent to the
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF95392848EBFA70FEB6F9D7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ductuslamelle</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF9539284DA0FA48FDADF9D4" author="Brundin" box="[389,581,1524,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Brundin, L. (1944) Monographie der palaearktischen Arten der Atheta-Untergattung Hygroecia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, [1942] 53 (2), 129 - 300, Taf. xiii-xl." type="journal article" year="1944">Brundin (1944))</bibRefCitation>
is the internal sac sclerite with the opening of ejaculatory duct in it (CP,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284D5FF9A0FDC8F9EC" box="[378,544,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 197­200</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284E08F9A0FCEEF9EC" box="[557,774,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">206­207, 209­210</figureCitation>
). This sclerite is present in many tribes of the
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284D2DF9F8FE4FF984" box="[264,423,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aleocharinae</taxonomicName>
, including the tribe
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284EB0F9F8FD11F984" box="[661,761,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athetini">Athetini</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284F08F9F8FC7FF987" box="[813,919,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284F08F9F8FC7FF987" box="[813,919,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the copulatory piece narrows apically into a pointed process (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284E7EF9D0FD56F95C" box="[603,702,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284EEFF9D0FD02F95C" box="[714,746,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 ­ 50" captionStartId="22.[264,383,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[306,1285,460,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[294,1294,449,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 38 ­ 50. Genitalia of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Black Mountain (38, 40 ­ 45, 47 ­ 50) and Back Allegheny Mountain (39, 46), West Virginia). 38 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 39 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 40 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 41 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 42 everted internal sac, ventral view; 43 spermatheca; 44 ­ 45 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 46 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 47 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 48 everted internal sac, lateral view; 49 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 50 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (38, 42, 44 ­ 45, 48), 0.1 mm (39 ­ 41, 43, 46 ­ 47, 49 ­ 50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155709/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF9539284ED2F9D0FCF0F95C" box="[759,792,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 ­ 71" captionStartId="26.[264,383,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[351,1245,452,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[339,1255,439,1663]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 61 ­ 71. Genitalia of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 61 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 62 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 63 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 64 everted internal sac, ventral view; 65 spermatheca; 66 ­ 67 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 68 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 69 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 70 everted internal sac, lateral view; 71 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (61, 64, 66 ­ 67, 70), 0.1 mm (62 ­ 63, 65, 68 ­ 69, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155712/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">62</figureCitation>
). The suspensoria (the term used by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF95392848F5F9D0FEB2F974" author="Sawada" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" refString="Sawada, K. (1972) Methodological Research in the Taxonomy of Aleocharinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 24 (1), 31 - 59." type="journal article" year="1972">Sawada (1972)</bibRefCitation>
; equivalent to the
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284E74F928FCCCF977" box="[593,804,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S­förmigen Stäbe</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284F7EF928FB7CF977" box="[859,1172,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hakenförmigen Bildungen</emphasis>
of
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF95392848EEF928FE88F90C" author="Brundin" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" refString="Brundin, L. (1944) Monographie der palaearktischen Arten der Atheta-Untergattung Hygroecia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, [1942] 53 (2), 129 - 300, Taf. xiii-xl." type="journal article" year="1944">Brundin (1944))</bibRefCitation>
are two structures connected laterally to the basis of the copulatory piece (S,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF95392848D7F900FE44F924" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 197, 199­200</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF9539284DCAF958FDB1F927" box="[495,601,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF9539284DCAF958FDB1F927" box="[495,601,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the suspensoria are poorly sclerotized, with a group of tiny denticles at the apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF92392F4D1DFEA0FEB6FDFC" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The medial lamellae (
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F4E66FEA0FD13FEEF" box="[579,763,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mediallamellen</emphasis>
of
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF92392F4F0FFEA0FC05FEEC" author="Brundin" box="[810,1005,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Brundin, L. (1944) Monographie der palaearktischen Arten der Atheta-Untergattung Hygroecia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, [1942] 53 (2), 129 - 300, Taf. xiii-xl." type="journal article" year="1944">Brundin (1944))</bibRefCitation>
are two sclerotized structures attached to the U­shaped plate (
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F4EE0FEF8FC7FFE87" box="[709,919,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U­ förmige Platte</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF92392F4F82FEF8FBA7FE84" author="Brundin" box="[935,1103,324,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Brundin, L. (1944) Monographie der palaearktischen Arten der Atheta-Untergattung Hygroecia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, [1942] 53 (2), 129 - 300, Taf. xiii-xl." type="journal article" year="1944">Brundin 1944</bibRefCitation>
). When the sac is everted these structures are located on the ventral surface of the sac, proximal of the copulatory piece. In some groups of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF92392F4EA8FE28FD18FE74" box="[653,752,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athetini">Athetini</taxonomicName>
, the medial lamellae and the U­shaped plate are large and act to guide the copulatory piece while the internal sac is being everted. In
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF92392F48D5FE00FEA9FE27" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F48D5FE00FEA9FE27" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the medial lamellae are thin and narrow (ML,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF92392F4F5FFE58FBB7FE24" box="[890,1119,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 197­198, 201</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF92392F4848FE58FB3AFE24" box="[1133,1234,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">208­210</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF92392F48C5FE58FEB9FDFC" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionStartId-1="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21­22, 24­28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="87860888FF92392F4D2DF979FD89F8F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[306,1283,630,1710]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="D3465800FF92392F4D2DF979FD89F8F2" blockId="12.[264,1322,1733,1832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F4D2DF979FE2EF907" bold="true" box="[264,454,1733,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 26­28</emphasis>
. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF92392F4FE4F97AFB3DF906" authority="Weise" authorityName="Weise" box="[961,1237,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padana">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F4FE4F97AFB92F907" box="[961,1146,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Geostiba padana</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
(26­27, Crissolo, Italy) and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF92392F4DC4F957FD19F8DB" authority="Eppelsheim" authorityName="Eppelsheim" box="[481,753,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oertzeni">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF92392F4DC4F957FDB1F8D8" box="[481,601,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. oertzeni</emphasis>
(Eppelsheim)
</taxonomicName>
(28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27­28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF93392E4D1DFEA0FE45FD44" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
In
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4D72FEA0FE29FEEF" box="[343,449,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4D72FEA0FE29FEEF" box="[343,449,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the ventral side of the everted internal sac proximal of the medial lamellae has one or two pairs of diverticula which may be an autapomorphy of the genus. In Palaearctic
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4D77FED0FE86FE5F" box="[338,366,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4DA4FED0FE28FE5F" box="[385,448,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">s. str.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4DF4FED0FDA0FE5F" box="[465,584,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circellaris">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4DF4FED0FDA0FE5F" box="[465,584,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">circellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4E7CFED0FBD9FE5C" authority="Weise, 1878" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1878" box="[601,1073,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infirma" subGenus="Sipalotricha">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4E7CFED0FD9DFE5F" box="[601,629,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4EA2FED0FCF0FE5F" box="[647,792,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sipalotricha</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4F0FFED0FC68FE5F" box="[810,896,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">infirma</emphasis>
(Weise, 1878)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E481AFED0FE44FE74" authority="Weise, 1878" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padana" subGenus="Sibiota">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E481AFED0FBB3FE5F" box="[1087,1115,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4848FED0FB28FE5F" box="[1133,1216,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sibiota</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E48F6FED0FAC3FE5F" box="[1235,1323,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">padana</emphasis>
(Weise, 1878)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4DC3FE28FC2EFE74" authority="Eppelsheim, 1888" authorityName="Eppelsheim" authorityYear="1888" box="[486,966,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oertzeni" subGenus="Sibiota">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4DC3FE28FDEBFE77" box="[486,515,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4E31FE28FD8FFE77" box="[532,615,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sibiota</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4E5CFE28FD30FE77" box="[633,728,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">oertzeni</emphasis>
(Eppelsheim, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
there is one pair (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E48B8FE28FEB8FE0C" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1697,1721]" captionStartId-1="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[310,1273,423,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[302,1285,409,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 ­ 25. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (21 ­ 23, St. Petersburg Region, Russia) and G. infirma (Weise) (24 ­ 25, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine). 21, 24 ventral view; 22, 25 lateral view; 23 dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155705/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 21­22, 24­28</figureCitation>
), in all native Nearctic species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4ECEFE00FCBDFE0F" box="[747,853,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4ECEFE00FCBDFE0F" box="[747,853,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are two pairs of diverticula (DD, PD,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4D1BFE58FDCAFE24" box="[318,546,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 197­199, 202</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4E0AFE58FD74FE24" box="[559,668,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">206, 210</figureCitation>
). The distal pair is more sclerotized than the proximal pair. A study of different Palaearctic lineages of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4F77FDB0FC54FDFF" box="[850,956,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4F77FDB0FC54FDFF" box="[850,956,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is required to confirm the presence of diverticula in all
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4E6FFD88FD5CFD97" box="[586,692,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4E6FFD88FD5CFD97" box="[586,692,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to establish homology between one of the two pairs of diverticula in the Nearctic species and the single pair in the few examined Palaearctic species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF93392E4D1DFD10FCF6FB2C" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
While trying to evert the internal sac in different specimens of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E480EFD10FB7DFD1F" box="[1067,1173,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E480EFD10FB7DFD1F" box="[1067,1173,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it was relatively easy to achieve what may be just a partially everted state. In this state, the lateral wall of the sac, which in many species has striate microsculpture (LW,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4849FD40FB36FCCC" box="[1132,1246,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 198</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E48CBFD40FAF6FCCC" box="[1262,1310,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">209</figureCitation>
), forms a flange encircling the hollow from which the copulatory piece and medial lamellae protrude. When the internal sac is retracted into the median lobe, the striate lateral wall of the sac is clearly visible (LW,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4E4FFCC8FCFBFC54" box="[618,787,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 204­205</figureCitation>
). Because the lateral wall is folded into three layers it often looks like a sclerite. This structure is shown schematically in some drawings by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF93392E4D40FC78FC63FC04" author="Lohse" box="[357,907,964,990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" refString="Lohse, G. A. &amp; Smetana, A. (1988) Four new species of Geostiba Thomson from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, with a key to North American species and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42 (3), 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1988">
Lohse and Smetana (1988:
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4E88FC78FD17FC04" box="[685,767,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 7" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[367,1205,490,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[365,1207,490,1736]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 7. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (1 ­ 2, Moscow Region, Russia), G. carteriensis Pace (3 ­ 4, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (5 ­ 6, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (7, paratype from North Carolina). 1, 3 labrum; 2, 4 epipharynx; 5 left mandible, dorsal view; 6 left mandible, ventral view; 7 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155702/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4F29FC78FCC3FC04" box="[780,811,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4F1DFC78FCB0FC04" box="[824,856,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 ­ 20" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,428,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1290,415,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 ­ 20. Thorax of Geostiba appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (18, 20, paratype from West Virginia) and G. carteriensis Pace (19, Tennessee). 18 ­ 19, mesometathorax, ventral view; 20 pronotum. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155704/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4F41FC78FC6BFC04" box="[868,899,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 ­ 28" captionStartId="12.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,630,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[298,1290,623,1720]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 26 ­ 28. Partially everted internal sac of aedeagus of Geostiba padana (Weise) (26 ­ 27, Crissolo, Italy) and G. oertzeni (Eppelsheim) (28, Parnassos, Greece). 26 lateral view; 27 ­ 28 ventral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155706/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and in one drawing by
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF93392E4885FC78FE81FBDC" author="Pace" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" refString="Pace, R. (1997) Aleocharinae attere del North Carolina, Tennessee e Oregon (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 15 (1), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="1997">
Pace (1997:
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4D2DFC50FEB7FBDC" box="[264,351,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 ­ 17" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[307,1277,321,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1289,310,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 ­ 17. Mouthparts of Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst) (8, Moscow Region, Russia), G. infirma (Weise) (9, Ivano­Frankovsk Region, Ukraine), G. carteriensis Pace (10 ­ 15, Tennessee), G. appalachigena Gusarov, sp. n. (16, paratype from West Virginia) and G. pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (17, paratype from North Carolina). 8 ­ 10, prementum; 11 hypopharynx; 12 left maxilla, ventral view; 13 left galea, dorsal view; 14 left lacinia, dorsal view; 15 mentum; 16 ­ 17 right antenna. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8 ­ 15), 0.2 mm (16 ­ 17). L Length of antennal article." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155703/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. The shape of the folds and the microsculpture of the internal sac wall are stable within species and can be used for identification, although it is important to bear in mind that when internal sac starts to evert the position and the shape of the folds may change. In a few specimens I succeeded in everting the internal sac completely (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4818FBD8FB47FBA4" box="[1085,1199,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 197 ­ 203" captionStartId="49.[264,383,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[311,1273,594,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[305,1283,588,1638]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 197 ­ 203. Genitalia of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 197 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 198 everted internal sac, ventral view; 199 completely everted internal sac, ventral view; 200 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 201 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 202 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 203 spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm (197 ­ 199), 0.1 mm (200 ­ 203). CP copulatory piece, DD distal diverticula of internal sac, LW lateral wall of internal sac, ML medial lamellae, PD proximal diverticula of internal sac, S suspensoria, UP U­shaped plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155730/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 199</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4899FBD8FB03FBA4" box="[1212,1259,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 ­ 212" captionStartId="50.[264,383,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[311,1279,700,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[300,1287,689,1625]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 204 ­ 212. Aedeagus of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 204 ­ 206 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 207 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 208 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 209 everted internal sac, lateral view; 210 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 211 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 212 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (204 ­ 206, 209 ­ 210), 0.1 mm (207 ­ 208, 211 ­ 212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155731/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">210</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E48DDFBD8FEDDFB7C" captionStart="FIGURES 230 ­ 246" captionStartId="55.[264,382,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,321,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[305,1282,310,1487]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 230 ­ 246. Genitalia of Geostiba nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain (230 ­ 231, 234 ­ 235, 237 ­ 238, 242, 246) and Blue Ridge Parkway (232 ­ 233, 236, 239 ­ 241, 243 ­ 245), North Carolina). 230 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, ventral view; 231 copulatory piece of internal sac, dorsal view; 232 medial lamellae of internal sac, ventral view; 233 distal diverticula of everted internal sac, ventral view; 234 everted internal sac, ventral view; 235 ­ 236 spermatheca; 237 ­ 238 details of internal sac retracted into median lobe, lateral view; 239 partially everted internal sac, lateral view; 240 details of internal sac inside partially everted internal sac, lateral view; 241 everted internal sac, lateral view; 242 completely everted internal sac, lateral view; 243 copulatory piece of internal sac, lateral view; 244 medial lamella of internal sac, lateral view; 245 right distal diverticulum of everted internal sac, lateral view; 246 apex of left paramere, side facing median lobe. Scale bar 0.2 mm (230, 234, 237 ­ 242), 0.1 mm (231 ­ 233, 235 ­ 236, 243 ­ 246)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155734/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">234, 242</figureCitation>
) and revealed the apical membranous portion of the sac which have tiny scattered denticles in some species. Additional study is necessary to determine whether the sac is completely or partially everted during copulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF93392E4D1DFAB8FBCDF90C" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Some populations of Southern Appalachian
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4F19FAB8FC4EFAC7" box="[828,934,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4F19FAB8FC4EFAC7" box="[828,934,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar and it is difficult to decide whether they represent distinct species or forms of the same species. When two forms are sympatric and found in the same sample they are considered to represent different species. The situation with allopatric forms is more difficult. Even when a certain gap between two allopatric forms exists, additional consideration is needed to decide how to reflect this difference taxonomically. In this paper the difference between
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E48B4FA70FAC2FA3F" box="[1169,1322,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimbicola">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E48B4FA70FB4EFA3F" box="[1169,1190,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4890FA70FAC2FA3F" box="[1205,1322,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nimbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E4D1EFA48FE0AF9D7" box="[315,482,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebuligena">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E4D1EFA48FE0AF9D7" box="[315,482,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G. nebuligena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used as a criterion for assigning species rank to closely related allopatric forms. Both species are known from the Great Smoky Mountains massif and both were collected on Clingmans Dome, however never in the same sample or on the same date. The two species can be distinguished only by the shape of the apex of the median lobe of aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4DFAF928FD6FF974" box="[479,647,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 ­ 107" captionStartId="33.[264,383,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[319,1271,659,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[308,1278,649,1715]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 100 ­ 107. Aedeagus of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (100 ­ 103 holotype; 104 ­ 107 Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 100, 104 median lobe, ventral view; 101, 105 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 102, 106 median lobe, lateral view; 103, 107 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (100, 102, 104, 106), 0.1 mm (101, 103, 105, 107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155717/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 100­107</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF93392E4EB6F928FD12F974" box="[659,762,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 ­ 156" captionStartId="41.[264,383,1456,1480]" captionTargetBox="[369,1217,460,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[361,1225,449,1430]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 152 ­ 156. Aedeagus of Geostiba nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Highways 441 &amp; 71, Tennessee (152, 154 ­ 156) and Appalachian National Scenic Trail W of Clingmans Dome (153), Tennessee / North Carolina). 152 median lobe, ventral view; 153 ­ 154 apex of median lobe, ventral view; 155 median lobe, lateral view; 156 apex of median lobe, lateral view. Scale bar 0.2 mm (152, 155), 0.1 mm (153 ­ 154, 156)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155723/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">152­156</figureCitation>
). Whenever I encountered the gap on the same scale between two allopatric forms, I assigned to them species rank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3465800FF93392D4D1DF958FDF7FE74" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1324,284,430]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Some characters previously used in keys to distinguish species of
<taxonomicName id="14F92383FF93392E486DF958FB5AF927" box="[1096,1202,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Geostiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E18D8412FF93392E486DF958FB5AF927" box="[1096,1202,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geostiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF93392E48E7F958FE5AF8FC" author="Lohse" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" refString="Lohse, G. A. &amp; Smetana, A. (1988) Four new species of Geostiba Thomson from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, with a key to North American species and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42 (3), 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1988">Lohse &amp; Smetana 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B76825F1FF93392E4D9BF8B0FDD0F8FC" author="Pace" box="[446,568,1804,1830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" refString="Pace, R. (1997) Aleocharinae attere del North Carolina, Tennessee e Oregon (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 15 (1), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="1997">Pace 1997</bibRefCitation>
) are found to be of limited utility. For example, the microsculpture of the abdominal tergum 7 is similar in all native Nearctic species. In the basal portion of the tergum the microsculpture consists of transverse meshes, while in the apical portion it consists of isodiametric or even elongate meshes (
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D4FF9FEF8FBA9FE84" box="[988,1089,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 ­ 56" captionStartId="24.[264,383,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[321,1256,734,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[318,1259,731,1752]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 51 ­ 56. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba bicarinata Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 51 male tergum 8; 52 male sternum 8; 53 female tergum 8; 54 female sternum 8, 55 apex of female sternum 8; 56 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (51 ­ 54, 56), 0.1 mm (55)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155710/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D486AFEF8FB87FE84" box="[1103,1135,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 94 ­ 99" captionStartId="31.[264,382,1619,1643]" captionTargetBox="[315,1275,519,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[301,1285,505,1602]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 94 ­ 99. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nimbicola Lohse &amp; Smetana (Mount Sterling Ridge Trail, Tennessee). 94 male tergum 8; 95 male sternum 8; 96 female tergum 8; 97 female sternum 8, 98 apex of female sternum 8; 99 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (94 ­ 97, 99), 0.1 mm (98)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">99</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D485BFEF8FB44FE84" box="[1150,1196,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 ­ 125" captionStartId="35.[264,382,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,668,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[302,1286,668,1727]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 120 ­ 125. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba pluvigena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from Waterrock Knob (120 ­ 121, 125) and junction of Blue Ridge Parkway and Balsam Mountain Road (122 ­ 124), North Carolina). 120 male tergum 8; 121 male sternum 8; 122 female tergum 8; 123 female sternum 8, 124 apex of female sternum 8; 125 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (120 ­ 123, 125), 0.1 mm (124)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155719/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">125</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D489EFEF8FB01FE84" box="[1211,1257,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 146 ­ 151" captionStartId="39.[264,382,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[332,1258,573,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[323,1263,564,1541]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 146 ­ 151. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nebuligena Gusarov, sp. n. (paratypes from the Appalachian National Scenic Trail W of Clingmans Dome, Tennessee / North Carolina). 146 male tergum 8; 147 male sternum 8; 148 female tergum 8; 149 female sternum 8, 150 apex of female sternum 8; 151 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (146 ­ 149, 151), 0.1 mm (150)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155722/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">151</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D48DDFEF8FACFFE84" box="[1272,1319,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 187 ­ 192" captionStartId="47.[264,382,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[341,1249,695,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[333,1254,689,1748]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 187 ­ 192. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba balsamensis Pace (Cataloochee Balsam Mountain, North Carolina). 187 male tergum 8; 188 male sternum 8; 189 female tergum 8; 190 female sternum 8, 191 apex of female sternum 8; 192 medial portion of male tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (187 ­ 190, 192), 0.1 mm (191)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155728/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">192</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4BC24485FF90392D4D2DFED0FED0FE5C" box="[264,312,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 213 ­ 218" captionStartId="53.[264,383,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[314,1277,719,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[304,1284,713,1726]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 213 ­ 218. Abdominal segments 7 ­ 8 of Geostiba nubigena Lohse &amp; Smetana (Richland Balsam Mountain (213 ­ 215, 218) and Blue Ridge Parkway (216 ­ 217), North Carolina). 213 male tergum 8; 214 male sternum 8; 215 female tergum 8; 216 female sternum 8, 217 apex of female sternum 8; 218 medial portion of female tergum 7, posterior down. Scale bar 0.2 mm (213 ­ 216, 218), 0.1 mm (217)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">218</figureCitation>
). I did not count the number of ommatidia in the eyes but instead compared eye length to temple length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>