treatments-xml/data/EF/0B/52/EF0B525EB8B25D9FA5CBA64723159CF0.xml

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<mods:title id="128B4D485D0BC7882D2309680EEA30ED">Phylogeny and classification of the genus-group taxa of Loxandrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Abacetini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EF0B525EB8B25D9FA5CBA64723159CF0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167465725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF0B525EB8B25D9FA5CBA64723159CF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF0B525EB8B25D9FA5CBA64723159CF0" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subTribe="Loxandrina" scope_tribe="Abacetini">
<subSubSection id="4C734D101EA715CA6125323C661B0360" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="73E4ECAC25EE00A2B67059FFA77473AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="39104803CCC8AB3595BA9EC78930A49A" ID-CoL="8KXR4" LSID="EF0B525E-B8B2-5D9F-A5CB-A64723159CF0" authority="Reiche, 1843" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oxycrepis Reiche, 1843</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="675C466A2F07EA873E3EDB2C007809B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="type species">
<paragraph id="0ED3655A592DD5878A7B4B9714E2B4BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6796E9F023AF9B6176D8FDF80F3967" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="C58E64D3F33AAC01B530084FE2BD3A65" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis leucocera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocera">
<emphasis id="BF7D264C753EB0F4279E5DC38C2DF0BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis leucocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reiche, 1843: 78, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A232964ED478364FC65CB6DDFFE07665" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="F1C31775EF8809A4BBE082E8C90F27D8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Loxandrus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Loxandrus</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1853; type species 
<taxonomicName id="BB6B312B4E238FEA8E4945F03F618EB0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feronia recta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recta">
<emphasis id="88AD6E6AD735D08B9949469EEF897EA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Feronia recta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Say, 1823: 58, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="DDD9D8D44ED4E286C62F1F9197098A5D" author="Casey, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Institute, Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B25" refString="Casey, T, 1918. Memoirs on the Coleoptera. VIII. 1-427." title="Memoirs on the Coleoptera. VIII. 1 - 427." year="1918">Casey (1918)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7A09BB43308A9AB83C10C69F1592D2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
= 
<taxonomicName id="EBCC3AEE91F6E44202D257AB629CEBBE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megalostylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalostylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A82BD5EA3E37444A7CC907C50A3EB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Megalostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1842 nec Schoenherr, 1840; type species 
<taxonomicName id="CF2D50A5905A5CDFDC8DA7C22891CB5D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feronia recta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recta">
<emphasis id="CD4A56D0528A1D04135B358B28FD4EE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Feronia recta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Say, 1823 designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="D8F7BF299206B1ADFD1326BAD1868CC3" author="Casey, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Institute, Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B25" refString="Casey, T, 1918. Memoirs on the Coleoptera. VIII. 1-427." title="Memoirs on the Coleoptera. VIII. 1 - 427." year="1918">Casey (1918</bibRefCitation>
: 325)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="310568A6883900D2B0890C6DD6630D66" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="C9DB7B3CE8F7F097AEB4A8D39AECA7CC" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Adrimus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Adrimus">Adrimus</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1872; type species 
<taxonomicName id="73AAF1D85B5C590209A89EFBA11DDC82" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus viridescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridescens">
<emphasis id="AA5D29D1DD38C360C0847CC302BEE2DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus viridescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1871: 132, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="326D9DF2EF990C8E0A177629BE772CCC" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="104 - 116" refId="B106" refString="Straneo, SL, 1977. Chiavi per la determinazione dei generi e sottogeneri dei Pterostichini dell'America del Sud. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 109: 104 - 116" title="Chiavi per la determinazione dei generi e sottogeneri dei Pterostichini dell'America del Sud." volume="109" year="1977">Straneo (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7F80E424642AF831262B7AB4C31F64B" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="378916EA0173F81B16361FAE3EF9A47A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Metoncidus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Metoncidus">Metoncidus</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1871; type species 
<taxonomicName id="0389C5DB850B8F969EE5959AC0A9C0DD" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus tenebrioides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrioides">
<emphasis id="C261AB7576C55620A1324A6E9717D722" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus tenebrioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1871: 134, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BD3DEAA0DD98C2A5771EE5ABF1145A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="70FD8579991BF79E1085A243CAE96274" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Stolonis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stolonis">Stolonis</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky, 1866; type species 
<taxonomicName id="11CB50F891DAB7AC78CFC54901716EAF" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis notula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notula">
<emphasis id="55481B2FC61D9817DA7EFCCAD46947A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis notula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky, 1866: 231, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B053DCD8BF04FD530C7A32551E1DD6C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
= 
<taxonomicName id="3E2E6CDB11C4E7B525D7B1E5749F64D1" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prostolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prostolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4AD2D67F4F125D463CE0BF7423522B9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Prostolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mateu, 1976; type species 
<taxonomicName id="340748C98775C0F3B8FE653A2E6BBE0A" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prostolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prostolonis martinezi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">
<emphasis id="07DF00A7A5022AD6904EE3CC783DA061" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Prostolonis martinezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mateu, 1976, by original designation. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation id="4D26A395D63502C7C3E5B595762D4F2A" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="481 - 575" refId="B4" refString="Allen, RT, Ball, GE, 1980. Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105 (1979): 481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1980">Allen and Ball (1980</bibRefCitation>
: 527)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="152C6E70D2018EC8D3804F6A248B0A44" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="selected literature">
<paragraph id="948AE5F2C1B517E545DFBBB151459D71" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Selected literature.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB3C5B677C44889CF66758E90A12825F" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Review of some South American species (
<bibRefCitation id="3A3DDD7220B7413652334F470BF83C07" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B108" refString="Straneo, SL, 1991. South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 1 - 62" title="South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="60" year="1991">Straneo 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B5BBFFCAD32368A7B7E48C8C9C1C0695" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="255 - 269" refId="B109" refString="Straneo, SL, 1993. Review of the genus Adrimus Bates, 1872 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 62: 255 - 269" title="Review of the genus Adrimus Bates, 1872 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="62" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
), treatments of North American species (
<bibRefCitation id="AFA6B21FA59AEDFFA0618998A8A03DD3" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 184" refId="B2" refString="Allen, RT, 1972. A revision of the genus Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in North America. Entomologica Americana 46: 1 - 184" title="A revision of the genus Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in North America." volume="46" year="1972">Allen 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="54EA970FFCBDAE828E0F2F299937F396" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="145 - 157" refId="B20" refString="Bousquet, Y, 2006. New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 60: 145 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" title="New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" volume="60" year="2006">Bousquet 2006</bibRefCitation>
), synopsis of Mexican species (
<bibRefCitation id="8FE6BF5351BFF9973C2396B1AD8A0928" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="481 - 575" refId="B4" refString="Allen, RT, Ball, GE, 1980. Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105 (1979): 481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1980">Allen and Ball 1980</bibRefCitation>
), new South American species (
<bibRefCitation id="C2F84892CE15D8FF4C097331C5A6DFA4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="230 - 238" refId="B129" refString="Will, KW, Liebherr, JK, 1997. New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from North and South America. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 32: 230 - 238, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" title="New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from North and South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" volume="32" year="1997">Will and Liebherr 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="562D2281DF1F191DBB09A576F6EB5CC5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="441 - 446" refId="B117" refString="Will, KW, 2004. New species of the South American loxandrine genus Metoncidus Bates (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48: 441 - 446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" title="New species of the South American loxandrine genus Metoncidus Bates (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" volume="48" year="2004">Will 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="935F283A8A770A44BEB0DE385E52929B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2992/0097-4463-77.1.205" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="205 - 210" refId="B119" refString="Will, KW, 2008. A new species of Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini) from South America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 77: 205 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/0097-4463-77.1.205" title="A new species of Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini) from South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2992/0097-4463-77.1.205" volume="77" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A461CEF6FDC7593A428D37E736FBD226" author="Anichtchenko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Russian entomological journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="6 - 8" refId="B7" refString="Anichtchenko, AA, Will, KW, 2009. A new species of Stolonis Motschulsky, 1866 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Argentina. Russian entomological journal 18: 6 - 8" title="A new species of Stolonis Motschulsky, 1866 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Argentina." volume="18" year="2009">Anichtchenko and Will 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A704E6918F452A80265C61335A5051CE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2745.1.2" author="Costa, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="30 - 42" refId="B31" refString="Costa, C, Vanin, SA, De Carvalho, TR, 2011. A new Brazilian species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852, with description of immatures and notes on natural history (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini). Zootaxa 2745: 30 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2745.1.2" title="A new Brazilian species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852, with description of immatures and notes on natural history (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2745.1.2" volume="2745" year="2011">Costa et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2FF4B862638D8FE87B14895F537DA2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="described species and range">
<paragraph id="5E20F54CCD2A562AD6A238666C1A1CB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Described species and range.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3427F3401A92ECA3125FA4C1DC6711A" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Currently 244 species are described. The vast majority of species are found in tropical South America. The group extends south to at least southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, north through tropical South America, Central America, the Caribbean and eastern North America as far north as Ontario, Canada, in the southwest west to Arizona, USA and east to the Atlantic coast.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50EA254B2FB1A4DC850FE809F362B77D" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="adult morphology">
<paragraph id="AC9431C9A92F245544E6C6F271FF06DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adult morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8070312543695BB0FF8EAA0508AA04D" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
The most diverse genus in 
<taxonomicName id="DE3C25643CC6B6C18A6E629A6B1658BA" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1976" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Loxandrina">Loxandrina</taxonomicName>
. Though most 
<taxonomicName id="F0D66BF58F7E19F079347C3B79E14ABD" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E52EDF9934487C40A5EC7C75FEB3936" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are very similar looking, with a body form generally similar to an average platynine or small pterostichine, the genus includes several highly divergent forms that have been described and recognized as genera. The most common form is well represented by, 
<taxonomicName id="02DD0DC58C4C09D576698B146D8EB6B2" lsidName="O. recta" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="recta">
<emphasis id="928B889774685338E1420CB9E4932687" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. recta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the type species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="D7A477C78603B01A60AE5411A17D6232" lsidName="(Loxandrus)" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Loxandrus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DF337AA4493CD3D9F6A5D8A5329A6A80" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Habitus. 4. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say); 5. O. strigomeroides (Straneo); 6. O. &amp; nbsp; elnae (Allen); 7. O. (Adrimus) rasutulis Will." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4</figureCitation>
), which contrasts with species that have the pronotum decidedly narrow throughout, with the width equal to or less than the length, or very narrowly constricted at the base (
<taxonomicName id="647C9F42C740C4105DB0DACDBA6705B6" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A21D444899D19B2F9C9B7D3140235FE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str., 
<taxonomicName id="FE01AF38889EEAA6BC1976A13B7C3AEB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="80F387B4280A5AD70A3C6A3CCAE27808" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="B4FFC5DE60B1ED688A8AF7CB9876218A" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Habitus. 4. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say); 5. O. strigomeroides (Straneo); 6. O. &amp; nbsp; elnae (Allen); 7. O. (Adrimus) rasutulis Will." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B42537B99C89D48164E1A358A2DDAB81" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Habitus. 4. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say); 5. O. strigomeroides (Straneo); 6. O. &amp; nbsp; elnae (Allen); 7. O. (Adrimus) rasutulis Will." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7</figureCitation>
)) and the distinctly parallel-sided forms (
<taxonomicName id="1EB9642D5CF41DC5E8021FDA609E6D76" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D4ABBD839F25CE49118FB209F2E1CC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="83A5438BF97A6382409F7329103EDBE0" captionStart="Figures 8–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 11. Habitus. 8. Oxycrepis (s. str.) cordata (Tschitscherine); 9. O. (Stolonis) tapiai (Will); 10. O. (Metoncidus) epiphyta (Will) (holotype); 11. Pediomorphus planiusculus Chaudoir." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures8-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448251" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">8</figureCitation>
)). A few species described in 
<taxonomicName id="01B9D296D8A3A76B5319B5FDAE10A88E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0FBB883759149F5339CF224A69CE87F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CF376CAE6BBF083DAE79B580168DA3E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="55A2E594D46F9A57F51F530204076B29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a distinctive, relatively short, broad pronotum and more oval elytra with very large eyes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="93C708FBA7A27890D4882EA1AA22117A" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Habitus. 4. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say); 5. O. strigomeroides (Straneo); 6. O. &amp; nbsp; elnae (Allen); 7. O. (Adrimus) rasutulis Will." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">5</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="64345BFE2DB08288275281238E8C474E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="230 - 238" refId="B129" refString="Will, KW, Liebherr, JK, 1997. New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from North and South America. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 32: 230 - 238, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" title="New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from North and South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.1997.11432427" volume="32" year="1997">Will and Liebherr 1997</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="899631FD82F416FB89B3CDEA692EDE5C" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9D490BD4BB3514A45365B72D75C6CED6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species range from small to medium size (3.2-15 mm). Most are black or piceous and some are castaneous or brown. Legs, mouthparts and the ventral surface of the body may be paler than the dorsal surface and legs are frequently strongly contrasting paler, flavous or orangish brown. In some species the distal or medial antennomeres are white and strongly contrasting with other, black or heavily infuscated antennomeres. In many species the elytra have variously arranged pale spots or vittae, paler first elytral intervals or a more or less well-defined paler region at the apex of the elytra (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E6E9C7D93118C8E2BA2568848C796009" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Habitus. 4. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say); 5. O. strigomeroides (Straneo); 6. O. &amp; nbsp; elnae (Allen); 7. O. (Adrimus) rasutulis Will." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6</figureCitation>
). Many are glossy and very often have a more or less prominent spectral iridescence. A smaller number are matt from a deeply impressed mesh microsculpture (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="82368A293DC7F0CE557F80D7C3AD1939" lsidName="O. opacula" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="opacula">
<emphasis id="C397C7D8C1850F06D19F3F5C0BAB1577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. opacula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates, 1871) and 
<taxonomicName id="2896585EF13C866E2486899855892FD0" lsidName="O. sculptilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="sculptilis">
<emphasis id="380D7EF86B89208AC9329A34911C7E7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. sculptilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates, 1884)). The majority of species appear to have large and functional flight wings and flight to lights at night has been commonly observed. But significant reduction of the flight wings is known across the genus. The apex of the prosternal process is smooth and a raised margin, like what is common in 
<taxonomicName id="C864B69BE11398214F4ADF54AF3820B3" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A406AD68DF188B25C9EBBBCBFA9D3BF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Zeodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is very rare, only known from one described species, 
<taxonomicName id="4ED748D65C249A53B7C36406C975B7CD" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis mirei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirei">
<emphasis id="F27FDCD30B3BCEBB101CB2307F5F0474" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis mirei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1991). The elytral plica is typically well-developed, but is often very small and narrow, or absent as in the species 
<bibRefCitation id="A5BAFE06AC883315FAD633377F62450C" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="481 - 575" refId="B4" refString="Allen, RT, Ball, GE, 1980. Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105 (1979): 481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1980">Allen and Ball (1980)</bibRefCitation>
assigned to the 
<emphasis id="6BA28ECE5BE27096E3CA29A4BAF27ED1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">infimus</emphasis>
group. Most species have a single discal puncture in the elytral interval 3 but 
<taxonomicName id="9856C292153F5D44D7FE8B9A78A868FB" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D5393291F013D2CFF0B66C65490CEE2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5F159DB6BF07CB74FFA383F4A0CDBC77" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B828502DE8E319EB861AD24940A5C0DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EC9B3986B03D634A18CE778641ADE5EC" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C06ADEC7438FA0727C07D08319FD6562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. frequently have additional elytral setae. Males of many species have notably asymmetrically expanded protarsomeres but unmodified or only subtly expanded protarsomeres occur in a few species from across the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="370EF94C5EE500AE9C4381B15795C661" doi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448258" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figures 4–7" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="F613F2E696966A56DF33863A3D639FEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="7C71988A4BACF71B13ECF8E4A4EEB834" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figures 4-7.</emphasis>
Habitus. 
<emphasis id="580A85FE6F825911526A09E420A9B38F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5F3435CB7D4BF9FF00830DBF36D6AE3" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recta" subGenus="Loxandrus">Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta</taxonomicName>
(Say); 
<emphasis id="B525781D6E63C0C58DCC4390873F71DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E0541F8250B188CA27E3B33CE9408809" lsidName="O. strigomeroides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="strigomeroides">
<emphasis id="9CCA21F0B8C9C11E88FEAB744B3E47CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. strigomeroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo); 
<emphasis id="38F952D5FC7D84B8FBA5837E22AF678C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="78FCCF394626F4FB0FF9C17A7167A613" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O.&amp;nbsp;elnae</emphasis>
(Allen); 
<emphasis id="DA9F6CB78108F6D93830BAB1F55DB615" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC8B21073F57D0CEB6837373E81959ED" lsidName="O. (Adrimus) rasutulis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rasutulis" subGenus="Adrimus">O. (Adrimus) rasutulis</taxonomicName>
Will.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D19FD17E1CC844F8EE25A2FE123FDE1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="life history notes">
<paragraph id="1070384FA0325F9671A19854E5CE604C" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Life history notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD16BB46BA39AE4E056C6225C8336E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
These beetles are terrestrial, epigeal, usually found in moist to very wet habitats. They may be associated with standing or running water, though species in Central and South American rainforests can frequently be found far from water in very wet, closed canopy forests. They are nocturnally active, generalist predators that are frequently found in mixed species aggregations. I have collected as many as six species together under a single rock in localities in southeastern USA. Tropical species are frequently found at high density in areas with fallen flower-petals and/or fruits (
<bibRefCitation id="4E4588C90D92D548951AD0554EE172EF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00550.x" author="Paarmann, W" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="368 - 375" refId="B87" refString="Paarmann, W, Adis, J, Stork, N, Gutzmann, B, Stumpe, P, Staritz, B, Bolte, H, Kiippers, S, Holzkamp, K, Niers, C, 2002. The Structure of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at Fruit Falls of Melastomataceae Trees in a Brazilian Terra Firme Rain Forest. Biotropica 34: 368 - 375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00550.x" title="The Structure of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at Fruit Falls of Melastomataceae Trees in a Brazilian Terra Firme Rain Forest." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00550.x" volume="34" year="2002">Paarmann et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FB66EBB003E2BA7E6DF7E56AE2ECAA9F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001419" author="Paarmann, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="549 - 561" refId="B88" refString="Paarmann, W, Adis, J, Stork, N, Gutzmann, B, Stumpe, P, Staritz, B, Bolte, H, Kueppers, S, Holzkamp, K, Niers, C, Fonseca, CRVd, 2001. The Structure of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at Fig. Fruit Falls (Moraceae) in a Terra Firme Rain Forest near Manaus (Brazil). Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: 549 - 561, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001419" title="The Structure of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at Fig. Fruit Falls (Moraceae) in a Terra Firme Rain Forest near Manaus (Brazil)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001419" volume="17" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
; Will unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AFFDB16DE9C9D383210404556060E109" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C3DCB15347285C4DD5289DB446A7C801" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43EAA96700D61A7240792D82774007D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Nominally seven genus-level taxa are subsumed in this clade. Of those, 
<taxonomicName id="3F4FC80E7E93CB21D81BC047CE9AFDC8" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megalostylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalostylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F98086D931A859BABD1B18F264873BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Megalostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="8335D29FF26AFCED28ECE9E8D412F113" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megalostylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalostylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C720A5A1088217FD9082B3A8436CB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Megalostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schoenherr, 1840 (
<taxonomicName id="D5F6E0D082B100C0DECFE55C9743144B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="A4174CD039DC588A2F379AF244A5D4DE" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prostolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prostolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BDDE338B1EFD07216604D20F6676A35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Prostolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently considered a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="221ADA17A19165811A8AF3941982984C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="20513CACA2DBB25C4D15346604E2315A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The other five have been considered generically distinct, but 
<taxonomicName id="ED8680EDB50472AE16612B1E5D2B9778" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="811112B11D215D70EBCC924F677897DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str., 
<taxonomicName id="1757C53B59573844C7267D95BE8E3228" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8ED1D1D957ACAF5690EA456A3ECB98D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="C055A48AFEE8837EA6DF2FCFCAAA7E8D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D145D546C733F2DD29A78817B12CC6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8470825B59195AFDDCB56825C864110A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52C28F7A70C439DC6FA1770543BAB8F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are all derived from within a clade of New World species that were classified as 
<taxonomicName id="C9E9CF226DCDE79E20644A6A584C0629" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64102F9381E50CF09B70C3CB1C903B57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by previous authors. This renders a concept of 
<taxonomicName id="8947416158181703C8F3599CB53799CB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7EEC8C0C0D82387562A0CBBF87C44AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that includes all the New World species paraphyletic (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CB9038F6622A7602956A756FF8393B41" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of Loxandrina inferred from a Bayesian analysis of the combined dataset (analysis 3). Numbers at nodes are posterior probability values (PP). Stars at nodes mark clades found in a parsimony optimality analysis using the morphology partition. Diamonds at nodes mark recognized genera and subgenera inferred from a Bayesian analysis of the sequence data partition (analysis 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448247" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">1</figureCitation>
). North American species that are included in the analysis form a clade sister to the remaining species, which appears consistent with recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="F6F8633B2FC79D111E51FF62F20F6363" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB690BD04BC6D2504259A8EB88B69001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. as a genus. However, currently there is no satisfactory way to separate 
<taxonomicName id="CB2C867EB1BEC0DC19FCE518F4C16519" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis (Loxandrus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Oxycrepis (Loxandrus)</taxonomicName>
species from 
<taxonomicName id="0B1F126EDDB7B05DF163EDE61095807F" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F07F44539772E3D39E22B64CBA3BA3D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
incertae sedis (see key, couplet 16). Given that many species cannot be confidently assigned to either the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="3AD2897725D2E4FFB0D469D3420EE1CD" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Loxandrus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Loxandrus</taxonomicName>
clade or the clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="C9418A656678B846EAB83A7DC50ABB7C" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26EDCD0DBF019BC9A8583557D82464D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str., the appropriate level to apply the genus based on evidence is the clade including the entire set of New World species. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="3EE8C6CB48012C887EE2ED7BDCD0BA74" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BAA324D6EDFDAC425DDEA6FE6B098A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6A3B366B94CD3DEF7CB5D0F26E6259B0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45B1D6328D48F1D3DC167EB44A604567" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5657D9A8699B68DE114078B11D355D14" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14DE00C25888DD7EA0D3048624BF11D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="559E9273ABB4E20345B8DCBC4BCE6A83" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37B4F8AB7CE2572908EEC12FBF407A90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are herein treated as subgenera. Of the five genus-level taxa included, 
<taxonomicName id="851FF5B7089F75546CFBBC8D1D48441D" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="606F0128FB64B17EFA0660A661BAAB84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has nomenclatural priority.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F1CA1544A2717D9F7B65A4E73FBE3E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<bibRefCitation id="9090088B2B8EE2DBFE396147F15F2C8E" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 184" refId="B2" refString="Allen, RT, 1972. A revision of the genus Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in North America. Entomologica Americana 46: 1 - 184" title="A revision of the genus Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in North America." volume="46" year="1972">Allen (1972)</bibRefCitation>
revised most of the taxa in what is now the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="358E62897C0EF6559593A8517979CD47" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Loxandrus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Loxandrus</taxonomicName>
and this early effort was then further refined and expanded by 
<bibRefCitation id="1EDF97BA0F06DDB6FF34084072C7DF8C" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="481 - 575" refId="B4" refString="Allen, RT, Ball, GE, 1980. Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105 (1979): 481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1980">Allen and Ball (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and then by 
<bibRefCitation id="828C8BD45EDF1E35D315B9C8F36259D2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="145 - 157" refId="B20" refString="Bousquet, Y, 2006. New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 60: 145 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" title="New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/865.1" volume="60" year="2006">Bousquet (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. Bousquet defined nine species groups and provided character states for each. While the monophyly of these informal groups were not broadly tested, six of nine were included in the present study, three represented by more than one species; 
<taxonomicName id="47A70B6AA366569C5CB5669785F021D1" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="3E34E8184572D3EBBEE7727504427D60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="C1FF43FE6D5478CEA41FD5C0348E3D4D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="celeris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celeris">
<emphasis id="B907F4F07F7FD689ACFC44EB73A11BEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">celeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and 
<taxonomicName id="2581306B4140B5567D46D02E186CC74B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="erratica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erratica">
<emphasis id="6E2790F9722483E551EFD9F44EC59592" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">erratica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. All of those groups were found to be monophyletic with high support (PP 1.0) and form a clade with the species representing the 
<taxonomicName id="967769A4DB6B65DE07F07497C67ACFC7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="saphyrina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphyrina">
<emphasis id="0AE968B6C7E11603DF1DA59E9D0A3C8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">saphyrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8E8331DFC636F59BDCA0CD7551121240" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="recta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recta">
<emphasis id="CA520EF9E4DD8541AB66B12BC94F16D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">recta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14545ABB86FA3847455D2B78B540BBDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
The species of these five groups are all included in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="2344C1BDCAA41C0BE4A299B526D7F1A2" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Loxandrus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Loxandrus">Loxandrus</taxonomicName>
. They are all similar in general form and share a combination of character states. They are typically medium sized (5-13 mm), black or piceous, with legs, antennae, and mouthparts often paler, flavous or orangish brown. Elytra are uniformly dark or rarely have an orange spot near the apex. Many are somewhat or very glossy and have an obvious spectral iridescence, especially ventrally. The majority of species appear to have large and functional flight wings, but rarely the flight wings are reduced. Elytral interval 3 has a single puncture and the elytral plica is well-developed. Males have distinctly asymmetrically expanded protarsomeres. The metepisternum is long and apically rounded. The apex of the prosternal process does not have a raised margin. The mentum tooth does not reach the level of apices of lateral lobes and the paramedial pits are indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53459FCE2C071DD1D52162BCBF5742DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="34BBD0B4094C8A8089674AC259C8F23A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Adrimus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Adrimus">Adrimus</taxonomicName>
was initially established as a genus by 
<bibRefCitation id="66E49F3F55C0CCE2A3A54362D8B667E6" author="Bates, HW" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="176 - 179" refId="B14" refString="Bates, HW, 1872. notes on Carabidae, and descriptions of new species (No. 11). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 8: 176 - 179" title="notes on Carabidae, and descriptions of new species (No. 11)." volume="8" year="1872">Bates (1872)</bibRefCitation>
to include 
<taxonomicName id="0264ADA7D333BFD3A5B6204A7DDD5FEA" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D7CC134D42B7ABDDFAADB60B84C05B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct. species that have a very short, parallel-sided metepimeron. Bates also noted for those species where he had male specimens, that unlike species he included in 
<taxonomicName id="8C4B7D65960749D9EBEB735A18D9052F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6EACC6A7411D21A6EF909F2186856B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Loxandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the protarsomeres were only slightly expanded and symmetrical. 
<bibRefCitation id="5408F4962E9F09F50A8A6038C351524C" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="255 - 269" refId="B109" refString="Straneo, SL, 1993. Review of the genus Adrimus Bates, 1872 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 62: 255 - 269" title="Review of the genus Adrimus Bates, 1872 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="62" year="1993">Straneo (1993)</bibRefCitation>
briefly discussed the taxonomic position of 
<taxonomicName id="172432682526C2B4A6C4069C715512FD" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78D8DCA9A120000B229CD389081C1EC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described 11 additional species. Straneo reiterated that the 
<taxonomicName id="8E710A66614157CC1557EA8A0B6FFD38" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CCCCC4398A7E11FC874FBE945A4DC8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have males with symmetrically expanded protarsomeres (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3132CAC95BCDF6E8D8D0640974B89167" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Protarsomeres and metepimera. Male left tibia and protarsomeres: A. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say). Asymmetrically expanded, as in typical many Loxandrina species; B. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) gebi Will narrow, symmetrically, slightly expanded. Metepimera, left side: C. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta. Large, elongate, apically rounded form, as in typical Loxandrina species. Black outline added to emphasize shape; D. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) rasutulis Will. Rectangular, narrow, truncate form, black outline added to emphasize shape. Drawings of alternative metepimera shapes: E. short, apically rounded form; F. narrowly triangular, truncate form." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448249" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3B</figureCitation>
) and the metepimeron &quot;very short and truncate at the apex&quot; (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="0F0286242D2E707415E3D682532BF16A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Protarsomeres and metepimera. Male left tibia and protarsomeres: A. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say). Asymmetrically expanded, as in typical many Loxandrina species; B. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) gebi Will narrow, symmetrically, slightly expanded. Metepimera, left side: C. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta. Large, elongate, apically rounded form, as in typical Loxandrina species. Black outline added to emphasize shape; D. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) rasutulis Will. Rectangular, narrow, truncate form, black outline added to emphasize shape. Drawings of alternative metepimera shapes: E. short, apically rounded form; F. narrowly triangular, truncate form." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448249" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3D</figureCitation>
). I have examined types or authoritatively identified specimens (CMNH, MCSN, MNHN, EMEC) of all but six of the 23 species attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="5C22F95660EFC0E455A3A1D476F74B15" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49C135829BAFEAC6ABBF219EAEA35F1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and found that they vary in both of these characters. Four forms of the metepimeron are present among these species (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="59A122CA50A9AE9821C497430A46983B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Protarsomeres and metepimera. Male left tibia and protarsomeres: A. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say). Asymmetrically expanded, as in typical many Loxandrina species; B. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) gebi Will narrow, symmetrically, slightly expanded. Metepimera, left side: C. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta. Large, elongate, apically rounded form, as in typical Loxandrina species. Black outline added to emphasize shape; D. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) rasutulis Will. Rectangular, narrow, truncate form, black outline added to emphasize shape. Drawings of alternative metepimera shapes: E. short, apically rounded form; F. narrowly triangular, truncate form." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448249" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3C-F</figureCitation>
; character 21): 1. Long, rounded, typical form in 
<taxonomicName id="B90265DEFEACAFBBB5205EEB130EF5AA" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6FAE27815C6C73F2B1E6F083649F9431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EB8B34B32F2616157612BDCE6DF2F6B1" lsidName="O. latibasis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="latibasis">
<emphasis id="AD8A099053291BEE3D70829A6263BAEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. latibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993)); 2. Short rounded apex (
<taxonomicName id="B3A9BA5E9314BEF3246AD5BD68D60846" lsidName="O. elytralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="elytralis">
<emphasis id="59E6D38611F920997C1FC9B105C529A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. elytralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993)); 3. Very short parallel-sided, truncate (corresponding to descriptions of Bates and Straneo) in 
<taxonomicName id="5EEBF9E807E0AF91E3A98DFA0A3403D6" lsidName="O. aenescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="aenescens">
<emphasis id="596DD356123FEF72F35A66F83441734D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. aenescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="C4D0EBF41D59965DED026DE06E748B49" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1900), 
<taxonomicName id="EB53D102337FA96A32D2166D7F9E6461" lsidName="O. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="60BFDA3694A56E021C6A07AD2F02134F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="7AE61CF1A2A4009C7DC82B4BBD560BF2" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1900), 
<taxonomicName id="359DCED0A11C40AA07E176FEFA5CE0D6" lsidName="O. gebi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="gebi">
<emphasis id="7DB5B9CB21F5A17ED6CE8267AD4B740A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. gebi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Will, 
<taxonomicName id="A1C5261698F4D3692F7B3A63E3645CF5" lsidName="O. fuscipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="C7B0031710BC20C08BAB5AA0DA3A467D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="EB8C8C9CFC2461C6337E535BF17E5CA7" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1835), 
<taxonomicName id="74A5FC5E913BA5E26DA545E938634F21" lsidName="O. longior" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="longior">
<emphasis id="A0EF825F83EC0B3FF23DD13F5B86AEE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. longior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993), 
<taxonomicName id="5E7F9626B7FDA3B4DF6E5E4291BC1B40" lsidName="O. xiproma" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="xiproma">
<emphasis id="08DDF81C6281050CF54D0223E148C641" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. xiproma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Will, 
<taxonomicName id="B692E00715FF46131DAAD9465188E291" lsidName="O. rasutulis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rasutulis">
<emphasis id="7F678EDFC81FB7CC399E8EAABEB5F111" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. rasutulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Will, 
<taxonomicName id="E7ABD4E2CAA51F08A09FFCC67B9F4889" lsidName="O. uruguaica" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="uruguaica">
<emphasis id="F94B8E3A6EB658AFC561553E0BE78AD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. uruguaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="99DB43811BE0193C406F04DDE7C17B3A" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1903), 
<taxonomicName id="8DB84105E0CE89AAE4B58A53B691ACA9" lsidName="O. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="656BCAB09123B36C48A9B5DED099669B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993), 
<taxonomicName id="C459625C3CBBFF56D02EF805F5AF595D" lsidName="O. rufangula" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rufangula">
<emphasis id="4320529BC6D43A3B86DAE3A7B7EEA4C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. rufangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates, 1872), and 
<taxonomicName id="2674E59422EF91EBD9D4D6484C0827D4" lsidName="O. viridescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="viridescens">
<emphasis id="C988D81658689AD1611DC361CD305D7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. viridescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates, 1871); and 4. Short, triangular (
<taxonomicName id="FEC4C04AD80F0B0370AAE2A7687118D8" lsidName="O. claripes" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="claripes">
<emphasis id="1FDE57E88D51585401D1D706C193A05C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. claripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993), 
<taxonomicName id="296D6833D9CA302D24A247933A8062A9" lsidName="O. iridea" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="iridea">
<emphasis id="26CA7D6E7278EA5CA8FDB64B3AF84900" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. iridea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993), 
<taxonomicName id="268DE74530B5AC2A104C892F409473DA" lsidName="O. amatona" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="amatona">
<emphasis id="52AD438599DBE0E899C2942FABAD28AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. amatona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Will, 
<taxonomicName id="DDD04CE55B2D1D2003889F1AFED16B26" lsidName="O. paulensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="16FE527253368D5BA8CE517F332E04E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62929ACFDD9CB074EBCE9C6707EDEAF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Five 
<taxonomicName id="E5338531828F8AAF5A430449C08A6612" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92FFFC0A5140C7DCEF3ABB371F29844F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are known only from the female holotype and for five others I have not examined males. Among the species I have examined male protarsomeres have three forms (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="ACF4AD741220AD4809DD9CF3EA0B58AD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Protarsomeres and metepimera. Male left tibia and protarsomeres: A. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta (Say). Asymmetrically expanded, as in typical many Loxandrina species; B. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) gebi Will narrow, symmetrically, slightly expanded. Metepimera, left side: C. Oxycrepis (Loxandrus) recta. Large, elongate, apically rounded form, as in typical Loxandrina species. Black outline added to emphasize shape; D. Oxycrepis (Adrimus) rasutulis Will. Rectangular, narrow, truncate form, black outline added to emphasize shape. Drawings of alternative metepimera shapes: E. short, apically rounded form; F. narrowly triangular, truncate form." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448249" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3A-B</figureCitation>
; character 36): 1. symmetrical and slightly expanded (
<taxonomicName id="5FBB934B45F9D4500375630586E7E9CD" lsidName="O. crepera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="crepera">
<emphasis id="8B9456702185700511F93D79BA59F9F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. crepera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates, 1872), 
<taxonomicName id="492A5D53A561EC0221C308F67CB98C23" lsidName="O. fuscipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="E54B44B9A707D55E65C554AE49EBDC6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4BA47CA8F269D98A23643E12DE86B264" lsidName="O. gebi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="gebi">
<emphasis id="1DB61B9DD82255F6CEB5CC45C33C5DA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. gebi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F67FA6FEFEC8E8CE4D700E76431045CA" lsidName="O. iridea" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="iridea">
<emphasis id="CACD5E132E66356B8AAC871C5B7A11EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. iridea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0815C8C2976AA35290CE617566958A96" lsidName="O. microdera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="microdera">
<emphasis id="047FDC79A777091F6209274974A6A5EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. microdera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bates,1872), 
<taxonomicName id="08999C8638940EADC02A5D99BF108C25" lsidName="O. rasutulis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rasutulis">
<emphasis id="FF47B0C0DEF6C974195A62E1339A895C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. rasutulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 2. asymmetrical expanded, typical form as found in many typical 
<taxonomicName id="B5E73F697B08B007A6E499B659809E0E" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="57BC9794C1590804A40D85C73F070EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="8F24268857D6CADD9824A07227798148" lsidName="O. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="57181D7C55AA214E3F0CEE7726C9C116" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="39055F402D3F8CBC62E6E3BAF857AC8D" lsidName="O. longior" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="longior">
<emphasis id="3F6B0942DD7E2216AD23036CCB531EB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. longior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B81F98CBE6E242BE8FA99E71E85D89" lsidName="O. uruguaicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="uruguaicus">
<emphasis id="D6E69E8E341A87C50F7EFBBA5127B9D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. uruguaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="75FAEED4D4814435E905AB126C535566" lsidName="O. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="E4BA7FE75B45CC8DE0198006BD1DB9B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and 3. symmetrical and very narrowly expanded (
<taxonomicName id="D37FA7C12E097EB31B89E2C8E3A13284" lsidName="O. viridescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="viridescens">
<emphasis id="AD51712075BE87B3214776C9DE185EAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. viridescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6A827FE9CE9C4571C3689CF82CBFCE61" lsidName="O. claripes" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="claripes">
<emphasis id="CBA18B411DD6DC8B3A254CDA2BC526A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. claripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="085CEBB59D626CF3FBAF342DD3829065" lsidName="O. amatona" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="amatona">
<emphasis id="1B7FAD70B517EE71F4084AF42E6246CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. amatona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34F0AAE12CE6D9C618F27847EF7AFA3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
There is no clear correlation of the states for the characters of the male protarsi and metepimeron. 
<taxonomicName id="230EDF9CED6D48C8C7D9FB0BA1A635C7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis (A.) viridescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridescens" subGenus="A.">Oxycrepis (A.) viridescens</taxonomicName>
was selected by 
<bibRefCitation id="DDDBEE4B119AAEBF8F87D31F4ED18E60" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="104 - 116" refId="B106" refString="Straneo, SL, 1977. Chiavi per la determinazione dei generi e sottogeneri dei Pterostichini dell'America del Sud. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 109: 104 - 116" title="Chiavi per la determinazione dei generi e sottogeneri dei Pterostichini dell'America del Sud." volume="109" year="1977">Straneo (1977)</bibRefCitation>
as the type species for 
<taxonomicName id="94ED525CC82D8DCB301DAD5E36FBCD3D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="84B329ADF8D73588308B0A99E37486FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species has both the very short, parallel-sided, truncate metepimera and symmetrical, slightly expanded male protarsomeres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BED5C3CD89751F275B2CF0A35996AE89" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Unfortunately specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="DC3A02AD1376FE4A0A249702C67D8304" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB16674E2C8FDDDD66C4AAEFA0B90AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like species are rarely collected. I included only two species in my analysis from which I could extract DNA, one from Brazil and one from Colombia. Both are typical 
<taxonomicName id="3111AEF522DE474CFAEC15FAF073B8FE" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95717DBB4719920551C54B4A897815F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that they have a very short, truncate metepimeron. As these two are found to be most closely related to each other with very high support (PP 1.0, Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A3441D8AEFA062F5378270F76FF708B6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of Loxandrina inferred from a Bayesian analysis of the combined dataset (analysis 3). Numbers at nodes are posterior probability values (PP). Stars at nodes mark clades found in a parsimony optimality analysis using the morphology partition. Diamonds at nodes mark recognized genera and subgenera inferred from a Bayesian analysis of the sequence data partition (analysis 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.55985.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448247" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">1</figureCitation>
), and nest well within the 
<taxonomicName id="1397334D73F53CE97BA633A59DD06820" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="121860608E156950F7853C0D99E84B84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, 
<taxonomicName id="65D0B4730415CCCBF264573E69A433A6" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adrimus</taxonomicName>
is treated as subgenus. As a working hypothesis, those species with any of the three short metepimeron states and those species not yet examined for the state of the metepimeron are included in the subgenus. As 
<taxonomicName id="D8577E8A7B1C3D87D435B79C1FA3D3CF" lsidName="O. (A.) latibasis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="latibasis" subGenus="A.">O. (A.) latibasis</taxonomicName>
(Straneo, 1993) has a long rounded metepimeron it is moved to 
<taxonomicName id="5F2836E42DB3F4CA5DEF7D3F0BB46913" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="958F6114D2BD25350326E99E3506266C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
incertae sedis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49BBF48608DD3D49E4A49D272F3E06D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<bibRefCitation id="E07058184EB5DBBACFE9794862F53B16" author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="481 - 575" refId="B4" refString="Allen, RT, Ball, GE, 1980. Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105 (1979): 481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1980">Allen and Ball (1980)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName id="AAB6EF1ADDB0DBDF40E260C0185F7936" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0D3A1995CBF340680EE96A99F74EB802" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. as a close relative of 
<taxonomicName id="9CE473AAFECF36A57EDD5C9135923B6D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48F5F1F2F980A80BF1C27F1B618D6EC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but recognized the four species included in 
<taxonomicName id="26B5AF954A55C8C897BDCA88524B0669" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9229083B3FF6F7035C9112235B483C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. as a distinctive group of relatively large sized, hirsute species having an elongate-ovoid pronotal form. This is consistent with subsequent studies (
<bibRefCitation id="03FCEAB1F7BEF2FFC7E3B7968783C178" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B118" refString="Will, KW, 2005. The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini). Zootaxa 1049: 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" title="The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" volume="1049" year="2005">Will 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and the results found here, which place 
<taxonomicName id="36B3E2FA1449D1B3D1A1FCFC3F53A9F6" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8E0A2FB1DDE27BDE0ABD0F01CD611340" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. sister to 
<taxonomicName id="7484CD22F6A305E542E06568D2AE082A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="54230077EAEA687081D054EBDED47E20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including an undescribed 
<taxonomicName id="624B3C7C56F7172012706B401E61D7D8" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFE954B9247E0D204D3C0F9C37C6980E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that has some features of 
<normalizedToken id="6FECB6E26E3788D83094DA3DE1914549" originalValue="Straneo’s">Straneo's</normalizedToken>
species group-17 (
<bibRefCitation id="4685296BD50B28B04082F3C3BC951992" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B108" refString="Straneo, SL, 1991. South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 1 - 62" title="South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="60" year="1991">Straneo 1991</bibRefCitation>
), such as bi-colored antennae. Only 
<taxonomicName id="E20F139DDBEDA472C60BCF8EF4B9D99B" lsidName="O. cordata" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="9C63DA3BDF8E3D3F691EA27C817C07D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="FFF6447145F514B0309DC6AF84FFD5C4" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1900 was included in the current analysis, but I have also examined types or confidently identified material for 
<taxonomicName id="7AB6F68D4389D9779CD14DCA6D5A3DAC" lsidName="O. leucocera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="leucocera">
<emphasis id="65E216466A46DF967888F934E9E47E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. leucocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reiche, 1843 and 
<taxonomicName id="C18392BF60DE66E9584ACE6FE86E3732" lsidName="O. brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="FF78DFA00BFE01C03E4DF7D3CF743FD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="80993655FA21ACC6B824EA1280DCF915" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1900, which share the same form, patterns of setation, and most character states with 
<taxonomicName id="C50CD05168FB2E2529CF090B1B8F10CD" lsidName="O. cordata" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="2617EB87CD8A18441359749F8E0C888F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5CA77D5D0097AF4F41DFF85FDA71508D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B118" refString="Will, KW, 2005. The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini). Zootaxa 1049: 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" title="The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" volume="1049" year="2005">Will 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9880CF144898F2581F243C69B8A2036" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="8AFA1467C47F86CC99C7913BA2BEC3D8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="433AEDA176B57E235795AFA162E5C2E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are typically recognized by their narrowly constricted pronotal base and serrulate protibial spurs. This subgenus appears to be monophyletic but there is a great deal of variation and overlap in some characters with other 
<taxonomicName id="5FEB91C3F4800CBB0DC820E249441746" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D62113CF5A703B7980F99FEC6F1E8ED4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3348528053760E43884B737B2AC17759" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02766FEF897DED49B4C73112B062671F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes some species with bi-colored antennae and legs, states also found in 
<taxonomicName id="CFF3E10C8F6ADF5C86C42CAE559C08BF" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2249D2C7FFC72683FE9C9A17E54A02AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. and 
<normalizedToken id="B36C8611B7F8F063654A12C05B85C94F" originalValue="Straneo’s">Straneo's</normalizedToken>
group-17 species. A few 
<taxonomicName id="A9A51629F7E858B4B01E22A397ECDEBB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A7EB35CFC4534FD2956EE3F2C3732AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have additional setae on elytral intervals 3, 5, and 7, such as is found in species of 
<taxonomicName id="3D89300D7B342B2B9B5DEC067FED3318" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="944D42354026966ECAC25465D628DBEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Metoncidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some species have the dorsal surface of the median lobe with a region of thin, translucent and almost membranous cuticle similar to what is found in some species of 
<taxonomicName id="0E4D2CA54D6EAFB1F964F0FE2B36F43F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adrimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4669823E6144A19E3C918410DA9CE570" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Adrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is variation in pronotal shape, but all are notably basally narrowed, most are more or less prolonged beyond the level of the hind setae (
<bibRefCitation id="7BC613C83C5BB5FF3ADFAFB18A5E9479" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B118" refString="Will, KW, 2005. The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini). Zootaxa 1049: 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" title="The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.1" volume="1049" year="2005">Will 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Until a more detailed study of the included species and their respective types is done, species described in 
<taxonomicName id="98C2D694C7558A1F212A318C296F4D2A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stolonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5446D7691EBD4F7440FC66512741C758" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Stolonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are retained in the subgenus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7ADA9630600ACDAAC084A90EA4225D88" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="D5338387EF95C046C8C81546D558A969" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metoncidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metoncidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metoncidus</taxonomicName>
is a small, exclusively South American subgenus that includes three species with a distinctive combination of character states including an elongate, parallel-sided form, relatively short antennae, male ventrite VI with four setae, and many setae on elytral intervals 3, 5, and 7. The species were recently treated (
<bibRefCitation id="DC5213E3C7FF216A94EE7886D08174B5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" author="Will, KW" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="441 - 446" refId="B117" refString="Will, KW, 2004. New species of the South American loxandrine genus Metoncidus Bates (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48: 441 - 446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" title="New species of the South American loxandrine genus Metoncidus Bates (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262004000400003" volume="48" year="2004">Will 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Of the three species, only 
<taxonomicName id="E37267D73CB8C4C1403A7EB8C025875D" lsidName="O. (M.) epiphytes" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="epiphytes" subGenus="M.">O. (M.) epiphytes</taxonomicName>
was included in the analysis and this species was placed in a derived clade of South American 
<taxonomicName id="9447B5FEE4EB682DB3BAF43124C24892" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8665638D87784551CE145471192403E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36011C1CB98850D68CBE3F93C9082072" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
More than 150 species are placed in 
<taxonomicName id="317F0AF45050669DB4497F2570BEFABD" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycrepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxycrepis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F1583C48B5ACE2A75FAB8938EA101B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Oxycrepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
incertae sedis. Informal groups of species that have been created in previous works are used to help organize these taxa by some notion of similarity (Suppl. material 1), but formal subgeneric classification based on synapomorphies will require detailed revisionary study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>