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<document id="AF7FA0DF266C9607A0B8D7FFDC4E4E01" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a769b646-ed6a-4028-827b-98312f729588" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="23022" ID-ZooBank="15384700-9D9B-4F77-AA0B-FA6DA317BCCB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460977036922" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. &amp; Sharkey, Michael J." docDate="2015" docId="DE19B25C847C764AFF2BFB7E9AE62796" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03916p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3916 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cremnops desertor Linnaeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="2220CA24844D7679FFBCFFA89F7F2432" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698559752775" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CF1C887A32F101671512CD4ED3B3C808">A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="713D763C00ED9DC2F405603EDC4FCF8A">Tucker, Erika M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15005A42C4656FB8668F14216D969623">Chapman, Eric G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38F12614EE433AD4F9911A26223CC179">Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C489F829C1F4F8805782FF2208967450">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="50B85BFC86E5A96F912D4AACDD8194E7">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="66C53828275756F4C384A85EE6E3384E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DE19B25C847C764AFF2BFB7E9AE62796" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658845" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127844020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE19B25C847C764AFF2BFB7E9AE62796" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE19B25C847C764AFF2BFB7E9AE62796" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847C7648FF2BFB7E9C5521A6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BFB7E9D7520C2" blockId="49.[151,522,1238,1298]" box="[151,522,1238,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="0D47B426847C7648FF2BFB7E9D7520C2" bold="true" box="[151,522,1238,1264]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFB7E9D7520C2" ID-CoL="ZC3W" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,522,1238,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFB7E9D7520C2" bold="true" box="[151,522,1238,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFB7E9E0420C2" bold="true" box="[151,379,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cremnops desertor</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BFB519E0A2123" blockId="49.[151,522,1238,1298]" box="[151,373,1273,1298]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
[
<figureCitation id="CE8B1FCF847C7648FF21FB519F832123" box="[157,252,1273,1298]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="50.[151,232,1579,1601]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,411,1554]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="PLATE 11. Cremnops desertor. A. lateral habitus; B. dorsal habitus; C. lateral head; D. mesopleuron; E. mesoscutum; F. face; G. wings; H. propodeum; I. hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399025/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Plate 11</figureCitation>
, Figs A–I]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BFAE99DB32165" blockId="49.[151,889,1345,1582]" box="[151,716,1345,1367]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFAE99D772165" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,520,1345,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFAE99E1D2165" box="[151,354,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ichneumon desertor</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
. Female. (BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BFAF79C5521A6" blockId="49.[151,889,1345,1582]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFAF79D762147" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,521,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purgator">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFAF79E192144" box="[151,358,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ichneumon purgator</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793
</taxonomicName>
.Synonymized by Latreille, 1805.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFAD79E9221A6" authority="Spinola, 1808" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1808" box="[151,493,1406,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deflagrator">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFAD79E2421A6" box="[151,347,1406,1428]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bracon deflagrator</emphasis>
Spinola, 1808
</taxonomicName>
.Synonymized by Curtis, 1837.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847C7648FF2BFA369C2F221F" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BFA369C2F221F" blockId="49.[151,889,1345,1582]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFA369D582181" ID-CoL="ZC4H" authority="Enderlein, 1920" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,551,1437,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFA369E032181" box="[151,380,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cremnops lemniscatus</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1920
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="32217EBB847C7648FD5EFA359C0A2181" author="Sharkey" box="[738,885,1437,1459]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Sharkey, M. J. (1996) The Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences, 13, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1996">Sharkey, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFA149E9121E0" ID-CoL="6BDF6" authority="Smith, 1874" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,494,1468,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricornis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFA149E1721E0" box="[151,360,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cremnops atricornis</emphasis>
Smith, 1874
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="32217EBB847C7648FD14FA149C4321E0" author="Sharkey" box="[680,828,1468,1490]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Sharkey, M. J. (1996) The Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences, 13, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1996">Sharkey, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFA739D7D21C2" authority="Enderlein, 1920" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,514,1498,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterans">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFA739E2821C2" box="[151,343,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cremnops alterans</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1920
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="32217EBB847C7648FD01FA729C2E21C2" author="Sharkey" box="[701,849,1498,1520]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Sharkey, M. J. (1996) The Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences, 13, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1996">Sharkey, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BFA529E92223D" ID-CoL="ZC4L" authority="Bhat, 1979" authorityName="Bhat" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,493,1529,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BFA529E0A223D" box="[151,373,1529,1551]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cremnops malayensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="32217EBB847C7648FEC7FA519E92223D" author="Bhat" box="[379,493,1529,1551]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Bhat, S. (1979) Oriental species of Cremnops Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomon, 4 (1), 27 - 39." type="journal article" year="1979">Bhat, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by Sharkey, 2011.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF2BF9BF9E80221F" authority="Cameron, 1899" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,511,1559,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BF9BF9E25221C" box="[151,346,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Agathis nigritarsus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847C7648FEDCF9BF9EC0221F" box="[352,447,1559,1581]" name="Cameroon" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cameron</collectingCountry>
, 1899
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by Sharkey, 2011.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847C7648FF2BF9F29E552289" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF2BF9F29E552289" blockId="49.[151,1436,1626,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF2BF9F29E752241" bold="true" box="[151,266,1626,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species is distinguished by its banded fore wing, often yellow or partially yellow stigma, weak or absent sternaulus, lack of trochantellar carina, and interocular carinae usually ending significantly anteriad the lateral ocelli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847C764BFF7BF96E9B2023DA" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF7BF96E9DA22315" blockId="49.[151,1436,1626,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF7BF96E9E2E22ED" bold="true" box="[199,337,1734,1759]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847C7648FEDCF96E9EB322ED" box="[352,460,1734,1759]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: female. NOTE:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FD37F96F9C7622ED" box="[651,777,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FD37F96F9C7622ED" box="[651,777,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. desertor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description is based on the specimen (H8268) collected in the New World that has molecular data, not on the (Old World)
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847C7648FCDEF9429CBB2331" box="[866,964,1770,1795]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen on which the rest of the species descriptions are based. Body length
<quantity id="9148AEAF847C7648FD91F8A79D192315" box="[557,614,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="9148AEAF847C7648FDC9F8A69DAE2315" box="[629,721,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847C7648FF7BF89A9EC82385" blockId="49.[151,1436,1626,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF7BF89A9E7B2379" box="[199,260,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
(Figs C &amp; F). Antennae broken on
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847C7648FD19F89B9DAA2379" box="[677,725,1843,1867]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
specimen, 37–43 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending significantly anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli, or not elevated, lower than lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (0.5–1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847C764BFF7BF86B9D872556" blockId="49.[151,1436,1626,2011]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847C7648FF7BF86B9E4023E8" box="[199,319,1987,2010]" class="Crustacea" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847C7648FF7BF86B9E4023E8" box="[199,319,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs D, E &amp; H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially (to depressed medially). Notaulus smooth (sometimes weakly foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina.
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847F764BFB58FF149A6324E7" box="[1252,1308,188,213]" name="India" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hind</collectingCountry>
margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; lobed (to 90° to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough with (to without) weak longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus absent (or 1–2 pits); about 1/
<date id="220E258A847F764BFE84FE809E292572" box="[312,342,296,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">3x</date>
length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth (to foveolate). Medial propodeal areola with (2–4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1/3.
</paragraph>
<caption id="02CF53C2847F764BFF2BF9839D70226D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399025/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1436,411,1554]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="560F034A847F764BFF2BF9839D70226D" blockId="50.[151,1436,1579,1631]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF2BF9839E722273" bold="true" box="[151,269,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">PLATE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847F764BFEA8F9839EAA2273" box="[276,469,1579,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFEA8F9839EAA2273" box="[276,469,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cremnops desertor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFE5EF9839E852273" bold="true" box="[482,506,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A.</emphasis>
lateral habitus;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFD21F9839DCB2273" bold="true" box="[669,692,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B.</emphasis>
dorsal habitus;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFCEAF9839C112273" bold="true" box="[854,878,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C.</emphasis>
lateral head;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFC44F9839B6F2273" bold="true" box="[1016,1040,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D.</emphasis>
mesopleuron;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFB1BF9839BC12273" bold="true" box="[1191,1214,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E.</emphasis>
mesoscutum;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFAEDF9839A1D2273" bold="true" box="[1361,1378,1579,1601]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">F.</emphasis>
face;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF2BF9E19FD4226D" bold="true" box="[151,171,1609,1631]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">G.</emphasis>
wings;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF42F9E19E67226D" bold="true" box="[254,280,1609,1631]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H.</emphasis>
propodeum;
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFE23F9E19ED1226D" bold="true" box="[415,430,1609,1631]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">I.</emphasis>
hind leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="560F034A847F764BFF7BF9249B5C22FB" blockId="50.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF7BF9249E572297" box="[199,296,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847F764BFF7BF9249F802297" box="[199,255,1676,1701]" name="India" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg
</emphasis>
(Fig. I). Femur length about 3–
<date id="220E258A847F764BFD37F9259DE62297" box="[651,665,1677,1701]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">4</date>
x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847F764BFF7BF97D9A4C234F" blockId="50.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF7BF97D9E4422DE" box="[199,315,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fore wing</emphasis>
(Fig. G). With three hyaline bands, one covering the basal, subbasal and anal cells of the wing, one covering the 1st submarginal and basal part of the 2nd discal cell, and one covering the center part of the 3rd submarginal and 2nd discal and apical part of the 2nd subdiscal (varies to one or two hyaline bands;
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847F764BFAA3F8B49AFE2307" box="[1311,1409,1820,1845]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is fore wing is melanic with two hyaline spots); veins some yellow, some melanic (to all melanic); stigma mostly yellow with apical 1/8 melanic (basal 1/4 to entirely yellow). 2nd submarginal cell about as high as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847F764BFF7BF8219FA123F7" blockId="50.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF7BF8219E432392" box="[199,316,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Metasoma</emphasis>
(Figs A &amp; B). 1st median tergite length about 1.5x apical width, apical width about 2.5x basal width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847F764BFF7BF8789B2023DA" blockId="50.[151,1437,1676,2025]" box="[199,1119,2000,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847F764BFF7BF8789E3723DB" box="[199,328,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Body Color</emphasis>
Orange, except melanic as follows: distal part of hind tibia and tarsus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847E764AFF7BFF3F9B852625" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="560F034A847E764AFF7BFF3F9AE9259F" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF7BFF3F9E582482" bold="true" box="[199,295,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Biology.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFE93FF319E1B2482" box="[303,356,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Host</emphasis>
—With its many synonymies over the years,
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFCD8FF309C9C2482" box="[868,995,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFCD8FF309C9C2482" box="[868,995,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. desertor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a number of recorded hosts. It has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFED1FF149C6724E7" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[365,792,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Sitochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verticalis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFED1FF149D3224E7" box="[365,589,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sitochroa verticalis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFC95FF159B9C24E7" authority="Walker 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[809,1251,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eutectona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machoeralis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFC95FF159B4E24E7" box="[809,1073,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Eutectona machoeralis</emphasis>
(Walker 1859)
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFA9FFF149F8024CA" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Eurhypara hortulata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758). Under the name
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFD3FFF489C6E24CA" box="[643,785,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricornis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFD3FFF489C6E24CA" box="[643,785,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. atricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it additionally has the hosts
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFBF3FF779AE424CA" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1103,1435,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaeralis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFBF3FF779A4D24CA" box="[1103,1330,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Palpita machaeralis</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFF74FEAD9D3A252F" authority="Hubner 1796" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1796" box="[200,581,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ostrinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubilalis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF74FEAD9EEE252F" box="[200,401,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ostrinia nubilalis</emphasis>
(Hübner 1796)
</taxonomicName>
. All of these host species are members of the family
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFB13FEAC9A67252F" box="[1199,1304,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFA9DFEAC9E722572" authority="Yu 2012" authorityName="Yu" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae (Yu 2012)</taxonomicName>
. There are also a few records from other
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFD58FE8F9C142572" box="[740,875,295,320]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
families including:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFBECFE8F9BB02572" box="[1104,1231,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFB67FE8F9E272557" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomonella">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFB67FE8F9AE32572" box="[1243,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cydia pomonella</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFED6FEE49EB32557" box="[362,460,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesiidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFE60FEE49BFA2557" authority="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller 1775" authorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" box="[476,1157,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spheciformis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFE60FEE49C762557" box="[476,777,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synanthedon spheciformis</emphasis>
(Denis &amp; Schiffermuller 1775)
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFB71FEE49A3A2557" box="[1229,1349,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFAE8FEE59D7F25BA" authority="Kozhantschikov 1929" authorityName="Kozhantschikov" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triaena">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFAE8FEE59F9725BA" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Euxoa triaena</emphasis>
(Kozhantschikov 1929)
</taxonomicName>
. Considering all other species of
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFC36FED89C8325B5" box="[906,1020,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFC36FED89C8325B5" box="[906,1020,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with known hosts attack
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFA96FEC79AEC25BA" box="[1322,1427,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFF2BFE3C9E6D259F" box="[151,274,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
members, there is some doubt as to the accuracy of these non-Crambidae host records (
<bibRefCitation id="32217EBB847E764AFB54FE3C9AF6259F" author="Sharkey" box="[1256,1417,404,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Sharkey, M. J. (1996) The Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences, 13, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1996">Sharkey 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847E764AFF7BFE1F9DB725E2" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,933]" box="[199,712,439,464]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF7BFE1F9EFF25E2" box="[199,384,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adults Collected</emphasis>
—August (New World only).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560F034A847E764AFF7BFE749B852625" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF7BFE749ED925C6" box="[199,422,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Geographic Range</emphasis>
—New World: Massachusetts, Ottawa &amp; Hamilton Ontario, &amp; Washington D.C.; throughout the Old World:
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFE7BFE579D5F262A" box="[455,544,511,536]" name="Sweden" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sweden</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFDFFFE579DF1262A" box="[579,654,511,536]" name="Russia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFD79FDA89C772625" box="[709,776,512,535]" name="Japan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
, south to
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFCCFFE579CA2262A" box="[883,989,511,536]" name="Malaysia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. See map in Appendix II.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847E764AFF7BFD8C9EF126C2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="560F034A847E764AFF7BFD8C9EF126C2" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF7BFD8C9E37260F" bold="true" box="[199,328,548,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Comments</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFEE4FD8D9D4F260F" box="[344,560,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFEE4FD8D9D4F260F" box="[344,560,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops desertor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described under many names. The coloration of holotype's wing is quite different (melanic without hyaline bands) from a number of the ‘species’ that have been synonymized with it (1–3 hyaline bands). The specimens from the New World more closely resemble the wing color variation seen in the synonymized species
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFE09FD389D2C269A" box="[437,595,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFE09FD389D2C269A" box="[437,595,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. malayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFDC4FD389C62269A" box="[632,797,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFDC4FD389C62269A" box="[632,797,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. lemniscatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, molecular analyses based on partial COI data (still in progress: Tucker unpublished) indicate that some of the previously synonymized species may be re-erected in future publications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAA50C1847E764AFF7BFD549AE62796" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="560F034A847E764AFF7BFD549AE62796" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFF7BFD549ED12727" bold="true" box="[199,430,764,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847E764AFE7DFD549D262726" box="[449,601,764,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFDD5FD559C3B2727" box="[617,836,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertor">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFDD5FD559C3B2727" box="[617,836,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops desertor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
images and literature (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFBE6FD549BD62726" box="[1114,1193,764,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">LSUK</collectionCode>
).
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFB7CFD549A652726" box="[1216,1306,764,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847E764AFB7CFD549A652726" box="[1216,1306,764,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">TYPES</typeStatus>
</collectionCode>
:
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFA96FD559F8C270A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterans">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFA96FD559F8C270A" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops alterans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, 23.11.0 7,
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFE76FC889D532705" box="[458,556,800,823]" name="Taiwan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Formosa</collectingCountry>
Takawa, H.Sauter S., (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFC92FC889CF6270A" box="[814,905,800,824]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZPW</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFC20FC889B0E270A" box="[924,1137,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterans">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFC20FC889B0E270A" box="[924,1137,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops alterans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male,
<date id="220E258A847E764AFB78FC889A51270A" box="[1220,1326,800,824]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2007-08-08">8.VIII.07</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="2EA743DA847E764AFA86FC889AE32705" box="[1338,1436,800,823]" name="Taiwan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Formosa</collectingCountry>
Takawa, H.Sauter S. (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFE1DFCEC9E83276E" box="[417,508,836,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZPW</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFDAAFCED9C65276F" box="[534,794,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFDAAFCED9C65276F" box="[534,794,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops lemniscatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Sumatra, Soekaranda, Dr. H. Dorhrn S. (2) (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFF22FCC09F8627B2" box="[158,249,872,896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MZPW</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="91B078C9847E764AFEB2FCC09D7827B2" box="[270,519,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cremnops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
<emphasis id="64C4DF58847E764AFEB2FCC09D7827B2" box="[270,519,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cremnops malayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Malay Penin. West Coast, Langrai Is.,
<date id="220E258A847E764AFB8DFCCF9B9327B2" box="[1073,1260,871,896]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1928-04-20">April 20th 1928</date>
, (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFABDFCC09A3227B2" box="[1281,1357,872,896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FSCA</collectionCode>
). Non-
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847E764AFF2BFC259FA12797" box="[151,222,909,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Types</typeStatus>
: 30 (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFEAFFC249E372796" box="[275,328,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2agb-3d98" name="Hymenoptera Institute Collection, University of Kentucky" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">HIC</collectionCode>
), 2 (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFEC5FC249ECB2796" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[377,436,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CAS</collectionCode>
), 2 (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFE59FC249D5B2796" box="[485,548,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CNC</collectionCode>
), 3 (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFDE8FC249DE92796" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[596,662,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MCZ</collectionCode>
), 2 (
<collectionCode id="30A19B8F847E764AFD7AFC249C652796" box="[710,794,908,932]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ESSIG</collectionCode>
). For
<typeStatus id="890BBDE8847E764AFCE7FC249CC22797" box="[859,957,908,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and additional images see Appendix VIII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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