treatments-xml/data/C9/AC/D9/C9ACD9C11710DC342860713A84E4A2FD.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.77.769" ID-GBIF-Dataset="041b36c9-43f0-42e0-a8fd-0e7825af491c" ID-PMC="PMC3088056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-77-17" ID-PubMed="21594149" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-77-17" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 77" ModsDocTitle="On the placement of the Cretaceous orthopteran Brauckmannia groeningae from Brazil, with notes on the relationships of Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera)" checkinTime="1451250827295" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Heads, Sam W. &amp; Leuzinger, Lea" docDate="2011" docId="C9ACD9C11710DC342860713A84E4A2FD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 77: 17-30" docOrigin="ZooKeys 77" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.77.769" docTitle="Schizodactylidae Blanchard 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB9FFCFF633200CFFE2E534FF9D5F4F" masterDocTitle="On the placement of the Cretaceous orthopteran Brauckmannia groeningae from Brazil, with notes on the relationships of Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1668165983640" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>On the placement of the Cretaceous orthopteran Brauckmannia groeningae from Brazil, with notes on the relationships of Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heads, Sam W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Leuzinger, Lea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>77</mods:number>
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<mods:start>17</mods:start>
<mods:end>30</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.77.769</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.77.769</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-77-17</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C9ACD9C11710DC342860713A84E4A2FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9ACD9C11710DC342860713A84E4A2FD" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Family
<taxonomicName authority="Blanchard, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" family="Schizodactylidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Schizodactylidae Blanchard, 1845</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Schizodactylites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylites" order="Apodiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Schizodactylites</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Blanchard, E" journalOrPublisher="Savy, Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" title="Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, leurs Moeurs, leurs Metamorphoses et leur Classification, ou Traite Elementaire d'Entomologie" year="1845">Blanchard 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 249.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Schizodactylinae">Schizodactylinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Ramme, W" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie und Oekologie der Tiere" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" pagination="163 - 172" title="Systematisches, Verbreitung und Morphobiologisches Aus der Gryllacriden-Unterfamilie Schizodactylinae (Orth)." volume="22" year="1931">Ramme 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 163.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName family="Schizodactylidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Schizodactylidae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Ander, K" journalOrPublisher="Lund" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" title="Vergleichend-Anatomische und Phylogenetische Studien ueber die Ensifera (Saltatoria)" volumeTitle="Opuscula Entomologica Suplementum" year="1939">Ander 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 622.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName family="Brauckmanniidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Brauckmanniidae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Martins-Neto, RG" journalOrPublisher="Gaea" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 8" title="New Orthoptera Stenopelmatoidea and Hagloidea (Ensifera) from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa." volume="3" year="2007">Martins-Neto 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 3, syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
The
<taxonomicName family="Schizodactylidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Schizodactylidae</taxonomicName>
, or splay-footed crickets, are a relict group of primitive Ensifera notable for their uniquely modified tarsi, which bear distinctive lobe-like lateral processes that serve to support the insects as they walk around their sandy habitats. The family is traditionally subdivided into two monotypic subfamilies:
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Schizodactylinae">Schizodactylinae</taxonomicName>
Blanchard, 1845 containing the type genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1835 found primarily in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and parts of Southeast Asia; and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Comicinae">Comicinae</taxonomicName>
Ander, 1939 containing the apparently paedomorphic genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Comicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comicus</taxonomicName>
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 found only in southern parts of Africa. Schizodactylids are primarily nocturnal and are thought to be active predators (
<bibRefCitation author="Fletcher, TB" journalOrPublisher="Government Press, Madras" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="Some South Indian Insects and Other Animals of Importance Considered Especially from an Economic Point of View" year="1914">Fletcher 1914</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
have an intimidating habitus and clear predatory adaptations including raptorial prothoracic legs and powerful, enlarged mouthparts. Sub-social behaviour and cannibalism have been observed in populations of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus monstrosus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monstrosus">Schizodactylus monstrosus</taxonomicName>
(Drury, 1773) (
<bibRefCitation author="Choudhuri, DK" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" pagination="569 - 573" title="On the sub-social behaviour and cannibalism in Schizodactylus monstrosus (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae)." volume="11" year="1974">Choudhuri and Bagh 1974</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus inexpectatus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">Schizodactylus inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
(Werner, 1901) was recently the subject of a detailed biological and ecological study by
<bibRefCitation author="Aydin, G" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" pagination="427 - 432" title="The biology, nymphal stages, and life habits of the endemic sand dune cricket Schizodactylus inexpectatus (Werner, 1901) (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae)." volume="32" year="2008">Aydin and Khomutov (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>