203 lines
25 KiB
XML
203 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="6E1FFCBF71316E12BEE4F5F454E2820E" ID-CLB-Dataset="63548" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6610922" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c540c0e-42b4-40f1-982f-0ef4d0c28e77" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-93-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6610922" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654195746118" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2014" docId="BD4CCC61762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE15BFC08" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_4_Delphinidae_0410.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 4 Sea Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lagenorhynchus albirostris" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="489" masterDocId="4175B419762FFFE7FFAAFFFEE608FFEC" masterDocTitle="Delphinidae" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="410" pageNumber="489" updateTime="1699338792597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="DEC6FD525C6B0F7626BE0EA18A54CFA4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CC017D7A54F2353162006FD8F50293A8">
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<mods:title id="42E7A7EDA8F3B0A2EFD004D136811C3D">Delphinidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="93F70FAE3ADB104329D491816B157B20" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB8946C1EF4A38DA00820138DAE2B364">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="61CF349B0EE1DAB0994BAE6EE50D0CC5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B4F50B795899013983A55343259C8C51" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E0912A693417B2FB4996B6DA8321AEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E2D9AF34CAACF9ACD4B7D9E3EF3D1FDE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F2334FC92E50AF5DBA0BC8C2F72D9F95">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="916F9B02235303AE336EFCE759917ED0">2014</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5656255DAC476FB4F09678CB558D99D4" type="pubDate">2014-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="91FC6EF3E1C87007C02BB0503638E5A2">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="503A1E5FB381F6E75ADAA58CBAC233FA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="47E5B4881B791263106569D16DCB6F7F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="41371E072723EE19A6C0661123C4917E">
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<mods:title id="69A70BF6461CBC52F7D8B5ECC9681049">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 4 Sea Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="724CFA03987B50CCB933BEE7C73E8D49">
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<mods:start id="FAA1DD4C1D7B786A74D58764FED0624E">410</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="519C4113039960B59F46D4720306459A">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE1835FA2E6926ACE1CEE4EACB52EE1E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6610922</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A3C0BAAC9AFF46DE86691C831B04DF2C" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-93-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BD4CCC61762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE15BFC08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4CCC61762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE15BFC08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD4CCC61762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE15BFC08" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE690FE0E" box="[123,152,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE690FE0E" blockId="2.[118,1196,436,563]" box="[123,152,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="6E12CA1B762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE690FE0E" box="[123,152,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<figureCitation id="ADDE61F2762DFFE5FFD1FE4AE690FE0E" box="[123,152,436,482]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[116,146,3417,3438]" captionTargetBox="[11,2766,9,3651]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 3. Peale’s Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus australis); 4. Hourglass Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus crucigen; 5. Pacific White-sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens); 6. Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus); 7. Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris); 8. Australian Snubfin Dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6610999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6610999/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">1.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FF02FE4AE48BFE0E" box="[168,643,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FF02FE4AE48BFE0E" blockId="2.[118,1196,436,563]" box="[168,643,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="6E12CA1B762DFFE5FF02FE4AE48BFE0E" box="[168,643,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FF02FE4AE48BFE0E" box="[168,643,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">White-beaked Dolphin</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FD66FE4AE2A4FE0E" box="[716,1196,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FD66FE4AE2A4FE0E" blockId="2.[118,1196,436,563]" box="[716,1196,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="6E12CA1B762DFFE5FD66FE4AE2A4FE0E" box="[716,1196,436,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FD66FE4AE2A4FE0E" ID-CoL="3RWS7" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[716,1196,436,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Lagenorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FD66FE4AE2A4FE0E" box="[716,1196,436,482]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Lagenorhynchus albirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFD2FE0AE534FDDC" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFD2FE0AE24DFDE5" blockId="2.[118,1196,436,563]" box="[120,1093,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="6E12CA1B762DFFE5FFD2FE0AE24DFDE5" box="[120,1093,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFD2FE0AE6CBFDE5" bold="true" box="[120,195,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FF67FE0AE79EFDE5" box="[205,406,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Dauphin a bec blanc</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FE01FE0AE40DFDE5" bold="true" box="[427,517,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FDA6FE0AE4E8FDE5" box="[524,736,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Weil3schnauzendelfin</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FD5DFE0AE55AFDE5" bold="true" box="[759,850,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FCF6FE0AE24DFDE5" box="[860,1093,500,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Delfin de hocico blanco</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDDFDE5E534FDDC" blockId="2.[118,1196,436,563]" box="[119,828,539,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="6E12CA1B762DFFE5FFDDFDE5E534FDDC" box="[119,828,539,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDDFDE5E766FDDC" bold="true" box="[119,366,539,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FEDFFDE5E457FDDC" box="[373,607,539,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">\White-beaked Porpoise</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="BBE60D59762DFFE5FDC0FDE5E534FDDC" box="[618,828,539,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">White-nosed Dolphin</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FD4CFDA1E527FD4B" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FD4CFDA1E527FD4B" blockId="2.[739,1323,607,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FD4CFDA1E589FD6C" bold="true" box="[742,897,607,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC0FFDA1E522FD4B" ID-CoL="34JW2" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Delphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris">Delphinus albirostris Gray, 1846</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FC97FD78E58CFCA8" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FC97FD78E58CFCA8" blockId="2.[739,1323,607,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<materialsCitation id="858D772A762DFFE5FC97FD78E58CFCA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802895315" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">type locality unknown. Later designated by J. E. Gray in 1846 as “North Sea, coast of Norfolk,” England, UK, and further modified by Gray in 1850 to “Great Yarmouth.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FD4CFCB5E21CFB93" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FD4CFCB5E21CFB93" blockId="2.[739,1323,607,1034]" lastBlockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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Taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC1AFCB5E277FC80" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[944,1151,843,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Lagenorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lagenorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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is currently in dispute. Recent molecular analyses have revealed that the genus is not monophyletic.
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FCC6FC3FE207FC0E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[876,1039,961,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Delphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris">L. albirostris</taxonomicName>
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is the type species, but more recent molecular studies have shown that not all of the other members of the genus are close relatives, so those species will likely be placed into different genera sometime in the near future.
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FB24FBC9E323FBB4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[1166,1323,1079,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Delphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris">L. albirostris</taxonomicName>
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may belong to an isolated lineage within
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FD12FBA0E560FB93" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[696,872,1118,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Delphinidae</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDCFB78E7BBFAF0" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="distribution">
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<caption id="619A2DFF762DFFE5FFDCFB78E7BBFAF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6610930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6610930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6610930/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" targetBox="[122,713,611,1024]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDCFB78E7BBFAF0" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDCFB78E72EFB4B" bold="true" box="[118,294,1158,1191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Temperate to subarctic waters of the N Atlantic including S Davis Strait, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Barents Sea, and North Sea, S to Cape Cod (USA) in the E and the coasts of N France in the W. Extralimital sightings in the Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Iberian Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDCFADDE71DF921" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="description">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDCFADDE71DF921" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDCFADDE77AFAA8" bold="true" box="[118,370,1315,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Total length 240-310 cm; weight 180-350 kg. Neonates are 110-120 cm long and weigh c.40 kg. Male White-beaked Dolphins are slightly larger than females. The White-beaked Dolphin has a robust body shape more reminiscent of porpoises (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FEBFFA63E7C7FA56" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[277,463,1437,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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) than other delphinids (ocean dolphins), and a short beak only 5-8 cm long. Dorsal fin and flippers are long and falcate, with pointed tips. Upper flanks and back are black to dark gray, and belly and beak are white to pale gray. Most of the tailstock is pale mottled gray, and a pale gray streak extends anteriorly from this area onto upper flanks in front of dorsal fin. There may also be pale gray streaks around eyes. Dorsal fin, flukes, and flippers tend to be a uniform dark gray, and there may also be a black patch on the chest. There are 22-28 pairs of sharp, conical teeth in each jaw.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDFF92BE784F7E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDFF92BE784F7E4" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDFF92BE6ECF91A" bold="true" box="[117,228,1749,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Throughout North Atlantic Ocean and sometimes at edges of pack ice. Regions of highest White-beaked Dolphin abundance include the Labrador Shelf, Icelandic waters, Scottish waters, and northern coasts of Norway. It seems to prefer waters offshore from and over continental shelves that are 150-1000 m deep and have a seasurface temperature of 5-15°C. Four management units of the White-beaked Dolphin, based on the highest densities, have been distinguished by skull characteristics and mtDNA differences: western North Atlantic, Iceland, northern Norway, and British Isles and North Sea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDFF7EEE32DF6A9" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDFF7EEE32DF6A9" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDFF7EEE77FF7DD" bold="true" box="[117,375,2064,2097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The White-beaked Dolphin prefers to feed on various mesopelagic, schooling fish species from the families
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FD14F7C9E544F7B4" box="[702,844,2103,2136]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clupeidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC37F7C9E21BF7B4" box="[925,1043,2103,2136]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gadidae</taxonomicName>
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, including Atlantic herring (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FF5CF79DE75AF76C" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[246,338,2147,2176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Clupea</taxonomicName>
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harengus), Atlantic cod (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FD1BF79DE50FF76C" box="[689,775,2147,2176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gadus</taxonomicName>
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morhua), haddock (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FB8EF79DE2F5F76C" box="[1060,1277,2147,2176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Melanogrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Melanogrammus</taxonomicName>
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aeglefinus), poor-cod (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FE27F774E413F74B" box="[397,539,2186,2215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Trisopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trisopterus</taxonomicName>
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minutus and 1. luscus), whiting (
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC5AF774E28DF74B" box="[1008,1157,2186,2215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Merlangius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Merlangius</taxonomicName>
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merlangus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and European hake (
|
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<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC8AF74FE5A6F722" box="[800,942,2225,2254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Merluccius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Merluccius</taxonomicName>
|
||
merluccius). They may also feed on cephalopods and benthic crustaceans. Foraging occurs in groups, with individuals spaced along a broad front to surround prey. These groups will also cooperatively herd schools offish into tight balls against the water’s surface to facilitate prey capture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDEF6B5E265F657" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDEF6B5E265F657" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDEF6B5E6F2F680" bold="true" box="[116,250,2379,2412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating of White-beaked Dolphins is most frequent in May-September, and breeding peaks in July-August. Gestation is c.11 months. Females mature sexually at 8:7 years and males at 11-6 years; maximum documented age is 37 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFD8F63FE545F5B4" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFD8F63FE545F5B4" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFD8F63FE756F60E" bold="true" box="[114,350,2497,2530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The White-beaked Dolphin may occasionally bow-ride and is known to be aerially active. They typically travel at speeds of 6-12 km/h but can swim at up to 30 km/h. Little is known about diving behavior, but data from a single tagged individual suggest that dives may last at least 78 seconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDEF5A1E541F3E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDEF5A1E541F3E5" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDEF5A1E53DF56C" bold="true" box="[116,821,2655,2688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Groups of White-beaked Dolphins generally consist of less than 50 individuals, but groups of several hundred and even more than a thousand have been reported. Larger groups tend to be observed in more offshore waters. In Icelandic waters, average group size is nine individuals; it is 4-6 individuals in Danish waters. Little is known of social organization or association patterns, but somestudies have suggested group segregation by sex and age classes. While feeding, White-beaked Dolphins may aggregate with other cetacean species, including the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the Sei Whale (Balaenoptera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FDABF464E46BF457" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[513,611,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pilot whales (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FC94F464E22AF457" box="[830,1058,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Globicephala spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Killer Whale (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FF2AF43FE724F40E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[128,300,3009,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orca">Orcinus orca</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bottlenose dolphins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FDD3F43FE527F40E" box="[633,815,3009,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Tursiops spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Atlantic White-sided Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FF2BF412E709F3E5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[129,257,3052,3081]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Lagenorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">L. acutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and common dolphins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F4762DFFE5FDDAF412E531F3E5" box="[624,825,3052,3081]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Delphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Delphinus spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FFDEF3EEE016FC80" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FFDEF3EEE016FC80" blockId="2.[114,1324,1040,3317]" lastBlockId="2.[1392,2600,292,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FFDEF3EEE7E8F3DD" bold="true" box="[116,480,3088,3121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There are currently no estimates of total abundance or population trends of the White-beaked Dolphin, but there are likely more than 100,000 individuals throughout its distribution. Differences in skull morphology between populations from the Labrador Shelf and around Scotland suggest that the White-beaked Dolphin may have identifiable stocks. A study of genetic diversity also distinguished populations in the northern Norway and Scottish North Sea. There are ¢.7856 individuals in the North Sea, ¢.22,700 individuals on the European Atlantic continental shelf, and ¢.2000 individuals in near-shore eastern Canada, including the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The White-beaked Dolphin has been hunted opportunistically in Norway, Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Labrador, Canada, mostly for human consumption. About 366 White-beaked Dolphins were taken per year off Labrador in the 1980s (from twelve monitored harbors), but direct catch, which still occurs only in south-western Greenland, does not appear to be a major threat. The White-beaked Dolphin is incidentally caught in gillnets, cod traps, and trawl fisheries throughout its distribution, and catch rates are likely underreported in Canadian waters. Nevertheless, incidental catch in most areasis relatively rare and does not appear to be a major threat. The White-beaked Dolphin has an unusually highfrequency hearing threshold making it one of the most hearing-sensitive cetaceans, which could mean that it is especially vulnerable to noise disturbance from seismic exploration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC762DFFE5FAD8FC83E15BFC08" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D77762DFFE5FAD8FC83E15BFC08" blockId="2.[1392,2600,292,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A165762DFFE5FAD8FC83E002FC7A" bold="true" box="[1394,1546,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Banguera-Hinestroza et al. (2010), Gray (1846, 1850), Hammond et al. (2008a), Jansen et al. (2010), Jefferson et al. (2008), Kinze (2009), Lien et al. (2001), May-Collado & Agnarsson (2006), Nachtigall et al. (2008), Reeves, Smeenk, Kinze et al. (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |