528 lines
69 KiB
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528 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="D0F3E3563321F8D72C98C50523D88AC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FF33FF05FD05213AFB09887E" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Molossus rufus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C84BDCD4F49BCBB0D388E9676C760605" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="645015E3A5075FD2183A53B839491162">
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<mods:title id="20CF7854D29D0E75842692AB55323279">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B7253A7C8EBC4B5B4820481EC67B17B6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79DB1CADF241738CB28E893FE4A8040A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E78E522DE345480248832C53FABF215">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FADAADE549E55C3E2DBA1C8337564786">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB2D7C5A6A619F269ECEE7C43991DEA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C2BF7F58ECC27042C3995911B6ACF6BC">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="43FEF9D9DDE29CF8A2694E4C1D6955EE">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8DB4CE14D33033F572F34982BAD693E0">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1C173D46F6646C88E390AAA6E44CBEEF">
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<mods:date id="30E0836CE5BCE8186429F86C03E6B550">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="59B6ACE9E2EAA3051F7C13A6477728B3">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BF429091C86F5089AF114B7465DBBEFF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A6444B40FC4AAE057A95E25B3EF3FDC2">237</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="41AE75BC45372AB78FD2A2AE49073B84" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF77A418BF94171D34DF7FC1C204B377" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FF33FF05FD05213AFB09887E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618165" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FF33FF05FD05213AFB09887E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FF33FF05FD05213AFB09887E" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF33FF00FD05213AFBDE8A04" box="[759,1109,808,831]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF33FF00FD05213AFBDE8A04" blockId="160.[759,1109,808,860]" box="[759,1109,808,831]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFF33FF00FD05213AFBDE8A04" box="[759,1109,808,831]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FD05213AFBDE8A04" ID-CoL="43YJ8" authority="(E. Geoffroy)" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[759,1109,808,831]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FD05213AFC218A04" box="[759,938,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
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(E. Geoffroy)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF33FF00FCBC215BFC778A67" box="[846,1020,841,860]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF33FF00FCBC215BFC778A67" blockId="160.[759,1109,808,860]" box="[846,1020,841,860]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF33FF00FCBC215BFC3E8A67" box="[846,949,841,860]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="161.[154,192,1515,1536]" captionTargetBox="[230,1131,213,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-12@161.[225,1135,208,1493]" captionTargetPageId="161" captionText="Fig. 64. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of Molossus rufus (AMNH 269101; female) from Paracou. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull of M. sinaloae (AMNH 269107; female) from Paracou. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545191/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">Figures 64</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF33FF00FC33215BFC518A67" box="[961,986,841,860]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="162.[120,158,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[290,1002,212,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-16@162.[287,1005,208,1485]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="Fig. 65. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (A) Molossus rufus (AMNH 269101; female) and (B) M. sinaloae (AMNH 269107; female). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545193/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">65</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF33FF00FC17215BFC778A67" box="[997,1020,841,860]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="167.[154,192,1491,1512]" captionTargetBox="[446,909,217,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-14@167.[439,922,208,1469]" captionTargetPageId="167" captionText="Fig. 67. Comparative palatal cross sections of (A) Molossus rufus (AMNH 269101; female), (B) M. sinaloae (AMNH 269107; female), and (C) Promops centralis (AMNH 269114; female)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545198/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">67</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF33FF00FD49216BFC148D40" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF33FF00FD49216BFC148D40" blockId="160.[670,1199,889,1763]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFF33FF00FC4F216BFC148D40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467379" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">10 females (AMNH *267266, *267267, *267273, *267539, *268597, *268600, *269101; MNHN *1995.976, *1995.977, *1995.978) and 13 males (AMNH *267263, *267264, *267268, *267269, *267270, *267546, *268595, *268596, *268598; MNHN *1995.979, *1995.980, 1995.981, 1995.982); see table 65 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF33FF05FD492693FE548F93" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF33FF00FD492693FBD08F56" blockId="160.[670,1199,889,1763]" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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IDENTIFICATION: The history of nomenclature applied to the largest species of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FBAE268DFD488DE8" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FBAE268DFD488DE8" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">Molossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is complex, with different authors alternatively recognizing either
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FC1026CBFBB28DCB" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[994,1081,1241,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FC1026CBFC718DCB" box="[994,1018,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FBF826CBFBB28DCB" box="[1034,1081,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FB9026CBFD4B8C35" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FB9026CBFBF18DCB" box="[1122,1146,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FB7826CBFD4B8C35" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">rufus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the correct name. Whereas the epithet
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FD6C2706FD468C10" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[670,717,1300,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FD6C2706FD468C10" box="[670,717,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was used by Goodwin (1960),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FBA52706FD628C73" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
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, 1978), Handley (1976),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FBB02723FD658C5E" author="Freeman, P. W." bookContentInfo="173 pp." journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana Zool., N" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref93166" refString="Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana Zool., N. Ser. 7: 173 pp." title="A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution" type="book" year="1981">Freeman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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, Hill (1981), Brosset and Charles Dominique (1990), and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FC2E277EFB228CB8" author="Koopman, K. F." box="[988,1193,1388,1411]" editor="D. E. Wilson & D. M. Reeder" journalOrPublisher="Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref96667" refString="1993. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd ed.: 137 - 241. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press." title="Order Chiroptera" type="book" volumeTitle="Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd" year="1993">Koopman (1993</bibRefCitation>
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, 1994) among others, the name
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FBFC279BFBC18C9B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1038,1098,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FBFC279BFBC18C9B" box="[1038,1098,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">rufus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was applied by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FCF927B4FC488C86" author="Cabrera, A." bookContentInfo="307 pp." box="[779,963,1446,1469]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Museo Argent. Cienc. Nat. '' Bernardino Rivadavia' ' (Cienc. Zool.) 4" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref91973" refString="Cabrera, A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Rev. Museo Argent. Cienc. Nat. '' Bernardino Rivadavia' ' (Cienc. Zool.) 4 (1): 307 pp." title="Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur" type="book" year="1958">Cabrera (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FC2027B4FBFE8C86" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[978,1141,1446,1469]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FD6C27D6FC178CE0" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique & A. Cockle & J. - F. Cosson & D. Masson" box="[670,924,1476,1499]" journalOrPublisher="Guiana. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1974" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref91839" refString="Brosset, A., P. Charles-Dominique, A. Cockle, J. - F. Cosson, and D. Masson 1996. Bat communities and deforestation in French Guiana. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1974 - 1972." title="Bat communities and deforestation" type="book" year="1996">Brosset et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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. Both names originate from the same publication (
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FC2F27F3FB298CC3" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." box="[989,1186,1505,1528]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" pagination="278 - 279" part="3" refId="ref94003" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1805 a. Note sur une petite famille de chauvesouris d'Amerique, designee sous le nom generique de Molossus. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 3 (96): 278 - 279 [error for 378 - 379]." title="Note sur une petite famille de chauvesouris d'Amerique, designee sous le nom generique de Molossus" type="journal article" year="1805">Geoffroy, 1805a</bibRefCitation>
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). We follow
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF33FF00FCDA27ECFC428F2E" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[808,969,1534,1557]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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in using
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FBB627EDFB0B8F2D" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1092,1152,1535,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FBB627EDFB0B8F2D" box="[1092,1152,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">rufus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for the largest species of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FC52240EFB858F08" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[928,1038,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FC52240EFB858F08" box="[928,1038,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">Molossus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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based on her lucid discussion of the historical confusion that led to the
|
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FCBD2445FC008F55" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[847,907,1623,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FCBD2445FC008F55" box="[847,907,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">rufus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FC612445FC498F55" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[915,962,1623,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FC612445FC498F55" box="[915,962,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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controversy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF33FF04FD492466FEAA8880" blockId="160.[670,1199,889,1763]" lastBlockId="164.[94,623,214,1763]" lastPageId="164" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">
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The type locality of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF33FF00FC4C2466FBFF8FB0" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[958,1140,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF33FF00FC4C2466FBFF8FB0" box="[958,1140,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="160">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was restricted by Miller (1913) to Cayenne, French Guiana. Measurements of the lectotype and paralectotype (both adult males) provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF31FF02FEF02444FDBC8F56" author="Carter, D. C. & P. G. Dolan" bookContentInfo="136 pp." box="[258,567,1622,1645]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" refId="ref92052" refString="Carter, D. C., and P. G. Dolan 1978. Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 15: 136 pp." title="Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums" type="book" year="1978">Carter and Dolan (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fall slightly outside the range of variation among our male specimens from Paracou (tables 65, 66) in some dimensions. Compared with the Paracou males, the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF31FF02FE1524DEFDA88FD8" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[487,547,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FE1524DEFDA88FD8" box="[487,547,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a slightly narrower skull (cf. braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, zygomatic breadth, breadth across molars), and its toothrow is slightly longer. However, this degree of variation is comparable to that found by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF31FF02FBFE24DEFB268FD8" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[1036,1197,1740,1763]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
within large series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE7022C5FE3589D5" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[386,446,215,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE7022C5FE3589D5" box="[386,446,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Central America. Measurements of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FDB822E6FF0B8813" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FDB822E6FF0B8813" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Paracou (table 65) fall within the range of variation of Central American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FDC0233DFDE5887D" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[562,622,303,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FDC0233DFDE5887D" box="[562,622,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FEF7235EFE218858" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[261,426,332,355]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, confirming her observation that this species appears to be morphologically homogeneous across a wide geographic area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF32FF01FF6827F9FD8E8F0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545191/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="161" startId="161.[154,192,1515,1536]" targetBox="[230,1131,213,1488]" targetPageId="161">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF32FF01FF6827F9FD8E8F0E" blockId="161.[128,1232,1514,1589]" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Fig. 64. Dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FEAD27F8FEF98CC4" bold="true" box="[351,370,1514,1535]" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FDFE27F8FD968CC4" bold="true" box="[524,541,1514,1535]" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
|
||
) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF32FF01FCE527F9FC328F3B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[791,953,1515,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FCE527F9FC328F3B" box="[791,953,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 269101; female) from Paracou. Dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FE8B2417FE078F21" bold="true" box="[377,396,1541,1562]" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FDDA2417FDB08F21" bold="true" box="[552,571,1541,1562]" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF32FF01FCC52414FC3D8F20" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[823,950,1541,1563]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FCC52414FCC68F20" box="[823,845,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF32FF01FCAF2414FC3D8F20" box="[861,950,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="161">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 269107; female) from Paracou. Scale bars = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF31FF02FF8A27F1FCCF8F29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545193/files/figure.png" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" startId="162.[120,158,1507,1528]" targetBox="[290,1002,212,1482]" targetPageId="162">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF31FF02FF8A27F1FCCF8F29" blockId="162.[94,1198,1506,1555]" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Fig. 65. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FD3C27F0FD6A8CCC" bold="true" box="[718,737,1506,1527]" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF31FF02FD0127F1FC1E8CC3" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[755,917,1507,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FD0127F1FC1E8CC3" box="[755,917,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 269101; female) and (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FF6727EFFF2D8F29" bold="true" box="[149,166,1533,1554]" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF31FF02FF4A27ECFEBD8F28" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[184,310,1533,1555]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FF4A27ECFF458F28" box="[184,206,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF31FF02FF2F27ECFEBD8F28" box="[221,310,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="162">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 269107; female). Scale bars = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF37FF04FF8923D3FE4F8D3E" blockId="164.[94,623,214,1763]" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">
|
||
A species similar to and sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF1923CDFE2988CD" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[235,418,479,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF1923CDFE2988CD" box="[235,418,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE2223CDFDEC88CD" authorityName="G.S.Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[464,615,478,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE2223CDFE6388CD" box="[464,488,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE0E23CDFDEC88CD" box="[508,615,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">pretiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both are large bats with dark, unicolored pelage that may be brown, red, or black; both have spatulate upper incisors; and both have skulls of similar shape with equivalently developed sagittal crests (Miller, 1902;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FDD22063FF168B9E" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, recent authors agree that consistent size differences indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FDC020BEFDE58BF8" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[562,622,684,707]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FDC020BEFDE58BF8" box="[562,622,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF6720DBFE8B8BDB" authorityName="G.S.Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[149,256,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF6720DBFE8B8BDB" box="[149,256,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">pretiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FDF820DBFF588BC6" author="Jones, J. K. & J. D. Smith & R. W. Turner" bookContentInfo="35 pp." journalOrPublisher="Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 2" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref96267" refString="Jones, J. K., J. D. Smith, and R. W. Turner 1971. Noteworthy records of bats from Nicaragua, with a checklist of the chiropteran fauna from the country. Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 2: 35 pp." title="Noteworthy records of bats from Nicaragua, with a checklist of the chiropteran fauna from the country" type="book" year="1971">Jones et al., 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FF1C20F4FE268BC6" author="Freeman, P. W." bookContentInfo="173 pp." box="[238,429,742,765]" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana Zool., N" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref93166" refString="Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana Zool., N. Ser. 7: 173 pp." title="A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution" type="book" year="1981">Freeman, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FE3A20F4FDE18BC6" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[456,618,742,765]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Koopman, 1994). In South America,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FDED2116FF088A03" authorityName="G.S.Miller" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FDED2116FF088A03" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">pretiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana, but not from localities farther east or south (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FEA6214EFE628A48" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[340,489,860,883]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Koopman, 1994). Even the smallest of our specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FFAC2185FF118A95" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[94,154,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FFAC2185FF118A95" box="[94,154,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Paracou are too large to be referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF3B21A6FEBF8AF0" authorityName="G.S.Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[201,308,948,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF3B21A6FEBF8AF0" box="[201,308,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">pretiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for comparative measurements, see Miller, 1902;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FE7D21C3FDE28AD3" author="Jones, J. K. & J. D. Smith & R. W. Turner" bookContentInfo="35 pp." box="[399,617,977,1000]" journalOrPublisher="Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 2" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref96267" refString="Jones, J. K., J. D. Smith, and R. W. Turner 1971. Noteworthy records of bats from Nicaragua, with a checklist of the chiropteran fauna from the country. Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 2: 35 pp." title="Noteworthy records of bats from Nicaragua, with a checklist of the chiropteran fauna from the country" type="book" year="1971">Jones et al., 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FFAC21FCFE9A8D3E" author="Freeman, P. W." bookContentInfo="173 pp." box="[94,273,1006,1029]" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana Zool., N" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref93166" refString="Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana Zool., N. Ser. 7: 173 pp." title="A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution" type="book" year="1981">Freeman, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FED321FCFE338D3E" author="Dolan, P. G." bookContentInfo="71 pp." box="[289,440,1006,1029]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref92751" refString="Dolan, P. G. 1989. Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 29: 71 pp." title="Systematics of Middle American mastiff bats of the genus Molossus" type="book" year="1989">Dolan, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF37FF04FF89261EFC178B0B" blockId="164.[94,623,214,1763]" lastBlockId="164.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Instead, our collections from Paracou include a different large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE83263BFE548D7B" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[369,479,1065,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE83263BFE548D7B" box="[369,479,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FDBC263BFF4B8D65" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FDBC263BFDED8D7B" box="[590,614,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FFAC2655FF4B8D65" box="[94,192,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FEB72655FE0A8D65" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[325,385,1095,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FEB72655FE0A8D65" box="[325,385,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE482655FD968D65" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[442,541,1095,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE482655FD968D65" box="[442,541,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit overlapping forearm measurements, they can be immediately and unambiguously identified in the field by pelage characters. Whereas the dorsal fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE6026AEFE458DE8" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[402,462,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE6026AEFE458DE8" box="[402,462,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unicolored brown, black, or red,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FE9226CBFE488DCB" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[352,451,1241,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FE9226CBFE488DCB" box="[352,451,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dorsal fur that is bicolored dark brown or reddish brown with a white base comprising approximately onehalf of the length of each hair (the base of the fur may appear gray in subadult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF52277EFE898CB8" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[160,258,1388,1411]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF52277EFE898CB8" box="[160,258,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the dorsal pelage it is still clearly bicolored). Also, whereas adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FFAC27B5FF118C85" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[94,154,1447,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FFAC27B5FF118C85" box="[94,154,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are either black or red (the two color morphs occurring with roughly equal frequency), male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FEFF27F3FEFB8CC3" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[269,368,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FEFF27F3FEFB8CC3" box="[269,368,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are brown or reddish brown (never black in our experience, and probably never the rich red color of many male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF6C242BFF518F6B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[158,218,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF6C242BFF518F6B" box="[158,218,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The fur over the shoulders is the same length (2–4 mm) as the rest of the dorsal fur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF242466FE998FB0" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[214,274,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF242466FE998FB0" box="[214,274,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a distinct ruff of longer fur (6–7 mm) is present over the neck and shoulders in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FF0B24BDFED78FFD" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[249,348,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FF0B24BDFED78FFD" box="[249,348,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ventral fur is the same color as the dorsal fur, and the throat never appears pale in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC6C22C5FC5189D5" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[926,986,215,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC6C22C5FC5189D5" box="[926,986,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the ventral fur is slightly paler than the dorsal fur and the white hair bases show through the fur of the throat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC61233DFC7D887D" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[915,1014,303,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC61233DFC7D887D" box="[915,1014,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species additionally exhibit nonoverlapping ranges of variation in body weight and many craniodental measurements (greatest length of skull, condyloincisive length, postorbital breadth, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, zygomatic breadth, and breadth across molars), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FCD223EEFCD78B28" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[800,860,508,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FCD223EEFCD78B28" box="[800,860,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FB7023EEFD548B0B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FB7023EEFD548B0B" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tables 65, 66).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF37FF04FD492024FC348DE8" blockId="164.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">
|
||
A confusing case is presented by the measurement data and pelage variation reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FD3A2063FCBD8BB3" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[712,822,625,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FD3A2063FCBD8BB3" box="[712,822,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FCBD2063FCF58BB3" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[847,894,625,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FCBD2063FCF58BB3" box="[847,894,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’ by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FC4F2063FBE68BB3" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[957,1133,625,648]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Several specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC27209DFBA08B9D" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[981,1067,654,678]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC27209DFC668B9D" box="[981,1005,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC0E209DFBA08B9D" box="[1020,1067,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Husson exhibit measurements that fall in the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FD3120DBFCD88BDB" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[707,851,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FD3120DBFD508BDB" box="[707,731,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FD0220DBFCD88BDB" box="[752,851,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC6820DBFB888BDB" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[922,1027,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC6820DBFC398BDB" box="[922,946,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC3520DBFB888BDB" box="[967,1027,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., the two smallest males and the two smallest females in his table XXXI: RMNH 12998, 12999, 13001; ZMH 1632).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FC632133FBF38A03" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[913,1144,801,824]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962: 262)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also described another specimen (RMNH 13010, for which no measurements were provided) as having ‘‘dorsal fur... dark brown, the ventral surface being light brown with the exception of the chin and the area surrounding the gular sac, which are whitish as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FD6C21FDFC0B8D3D" authority="molossus" box="[670,896,1007,1030]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FD6C21FDFC0B8D3D" box="[670,896,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.’’ In our experience, this description fits
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FCA6261EFC548D18" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[852,991,1036,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FCA6261EFCE78D18" box="[852,876,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC8E261EFC548D18" box="[892,991,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBB1261EFB2C8D18" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1091,1191,1036,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBB1261EFBD08D18" box="[1091,1115,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FB99261EFB2C8D18" box="[1131,1191,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pelage patterns described by Husson for other specimens in his sample correspond closely with our observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBCF2676FB2C8D40" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1085,1191,1124,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBCF2676FBDE8D40" box="[1085,1109,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FB992676FB2C8D40" box="[1131,1191,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, Husson did not discuss banding (or lack of banding) of the fur in his 1962 discussion of these bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF37FF05FD4926CBFE218880" blockId="164.[670,1199,214,1763]" lastBlockId="165.[128,657,214,1763]" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FD4926CBFCE38DCB" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[699,872,1241,1264]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was apparently unaware of Goodwin’s (1959) description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBB226E5FC828C10" authorityName="Goodwin. Am. Mus. Novitates" authorityYear="2195" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBB226E5FC828C10" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus trinitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which we recognize as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FD082723FC038C73" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[762,904,1329,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FD082723FC998C73" box="[762,786,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FCD72723FC038C73" box="[805,904,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see below) from Trinidad. Husson regularly mentioned extralimital species that might eventually be found in Surinam, and had he known of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC05279BFB018C9B" authorityName="Goodwin. Am. Mus. Novitates" authorityYear="2195" box="[1015,1162,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC05279BFB848C9B" box="[1015,1039,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBED279BFB018C9B" box="[1055,1162,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">trinitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
he would likely have done so. We suspect that Husson, unaware of the potential existence of another large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBE427F3FB0F8CC3" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[1046,1156,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBE427F3FB0F8CC3" box="[1046,1156,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">Molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern South America, actually described a mixed collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FC7B240EFC678F08" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[905,1004,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC7B240EFC2A8F08" box="[905,929,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FC42240EFC678F08" box="[944,1004,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBD7240EFC828F6B" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sinaloae" subSpecies="trinitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBD7240EFBB68F08" box="[1061,1085,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBB9240EFC828F6B" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">sinaloae trinitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his 1962 account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF37FF04FBBB242BFB2C8F6B" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[1097,1191,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FBBB242BFBEA8F6B" box="[1097,1121,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF37FF04FB8A242BFB2C8F6B" box="[1144,1191,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="164">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This hypothesis is supported by close examination of Husson (1978), which was compiled by L. B. Holthuis and M. Boeseman (op. cit.: xiii–xv) from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF37FF04FC0C24BCFB268FFE" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[1022,1197,1710,1733]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="164" pageNumber="164" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson’s 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
monograph and later notes. The 1978 volume reported two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE4C22C5FDDA89D5" authorityName="Goodwin. Am. Mus. Novitates" authorityYear="2195" box="[446,593,214,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE4C22C5FE5D89D5" box="[446,470,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE1422C5FDDA89D5" box="[486,593,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">trinitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Surinam (RMNH 13010 and 13014), both of which had been included in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF36FF05FE122303FD1B8813" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[480,656,273,296]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson’s 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FEE4233DFEE7887D" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[278,364,302,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FEE4233DFEA5887D" box="[278,302,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FECF233DFEE7887D" box="[317,364,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In what must have been an editorial oversight, however, the description of the pelage of one of these specimens (RMNH 13010) was still included in the 1978 account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FEB923B6FE288880" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[331,419,420,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FEB923B6FEE88880" box="[331,355,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE8623B6FE288880" box="[372,419,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF36FF05FF6F23D3FE268D8E" blockId="165.[128,657,214,1763]" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">
|
||
One effect of the mistakes in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF36FF05FDD523D3FF3188CE" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson’s 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and 1978 accounts is that the range of size and pelage variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE2E23EEFD1A8B28" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[476,657,508,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE2E23EEFD1A8B28" box="[476,657,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Guiana region has been overestimated, possibly leading to misidentifications in the subsequent literature. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF36FF05FDCB2046FDA78BB3" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990: 546)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred three French Guianan specimens from Piste St.Élie to this species, a large black male and two much smaller ‘‘light brown’’ females; citing
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF36FF05FED620F4FE5D8BC6" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[292,470,742,765]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, they attributed the disparities in color and size among these specimens to sexual dimorphism. Comparisons of the published measurements of these individuals with our Paracou data, however, suggest that Brosset and CharlesDominique’s collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE7A2185FE7D8A95" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[392,502,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE7A2185FE7D8A95" box="[392,502,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FDE72185FDCF8A95" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1805" box="[533,580,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDE72185FDCF8A95" box="[533,580,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’ is a mixed series. Whereas the black male from Piste St.Élie clearly represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FDD021C3FD1A8AD3" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[546,657,977,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDD021C3FDB18AD3" box="[546,570,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDA721C3FD1A8AD3" box="[597,657,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(measurements of this individual falling in every case within 0.1 mm of the range of variation among male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE67263BFE5A8D7B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[405,465,1065,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE67263BFE5A8D7B" box="[405,465,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Paracou), the ‘‘light brown’’ females from the same locality probably represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE432676FDB68D40" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[433,573,1124,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE432676FE428D40" box="[433,457,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE282676FDB68D40" box="[474,573,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(being much smaller than female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE352693FD888DA3" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[455,515,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE352693FD888DA3" box="[455,515,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Paracou in most dimensions).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF36FF05FF6F26AEFE578F08" blockId="165.[128,657,214,1763]" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">
|
||
In our experience, correct identification of females is often more difficult than identification of males since female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE2C26E5FD1A8C35" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[478,657,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE2C26E5FD1A8C35" box="[478,657,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the distinctive red or black pelage of adult males; specimens that we misidentified in the field were invariably female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FDDE275DFF398CB8" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDDE275DFDCF8C5D" box="[556,580,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDA4275DFF398CB8" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we initially attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FDD1277EFD028CB8" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[547,649,1388,1411]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDD1277EFDB08CB8" box="[547,571,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FDBF277EFD028CB8" box="[589,649,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast to other molossid species that can be distinguished on the basis of forearm measurements, we found that the best way to quickly identify large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FE7F27F3FE708CC3" authorityName=", Dolan" authorityYear="1989" box="[397,507,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE7F27F3FE708CC3" box="[397,507,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was to look for the white hair bases characteristic of both sexes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FEBB240EFE5E8F08" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1906" box="[329,469,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinaloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FEBB240EFEEA8F08" box="[329,353,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FE81240EFE5E8F08" box="[371,469,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">sinaloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF36FF05FF6F242BFE548F93" blockId="165.[128,657,214,1763]" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">
|
||
In the event that a trinomial nomenclature for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FF582445FED08F55" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[170,347,1623,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FF582445FED08F55" box="[170,347,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems warranted, our Paracou material would be unambiguously referable to the nominate form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF36FF05FF6F24BCFB09887E" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF36FF05FF6F24BCFB09887E" blockId="165.[128,657,214,1763]" lastBlockId="165.[704,1233,214,325]" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We recorded 47 captures (possibly including some recaptures) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF36FF05FD3222C5FCF989D5" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[704,882,215,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF36FF05FD3222C5FCF989D5" box="[704,882,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="165">Molossus rufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Paracou, of which 19 were in groundlevel mistnets over roadside puddles and 28 were in nets suspended between 13 and 23 m over a narrow dirt road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |