270 lines
30 KiB
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270 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1177-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" ID-ZooBank="72997BC7B3014EAB95FB3B6FD839B1F4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1177-147" checkinTime="1693470076735" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Konstantinov, Alexander S., Damaska, Albert F., Zheng, Lihao, Chen, Jun & Meng, Ziye" docDate="2023" docId="37F4BFA3774E5722A1DBAC249040C466" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1177: 147-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1177" docPubDate="2023-08-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811" docTitle="Benedictus quadrimaculatus Ruan & Konstantinov 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="86DA5B90-EA05-4008-B22F-6DC74CF9C8CF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Benedictus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China, with comments on their biology and modified ethanol traps for collecting flea beetles" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1693470076735" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="9EA76EACD906508D45C0D8F6F7049712">Description of three new species of Benedictus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China, with comments on their biology and modified ethanol traps for collecting flea beetles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="564E3C0DA0A7EC9041D9C8735A434DBF">Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D03967DCA656A832231C23060B780D1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5592</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="072E4628EF87307CF1F0B20C995AB9DA">Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D6013263691C73E0FEFD16C1E6DF9E6" type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="709B2E58214D10A4806C4F33C7E50398">Konstantinov, Alexander S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="66FF3F78A161EA23496AA82F02147F63" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-6735</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F22ECEA1BC3640BCAFD1268CE8817DB0">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A939B9CE442BBE8BB2A5E961CEAADC9">Damaska, Albert F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2ECEA9BA4388D6BDAC640588A254452B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-626X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="140171F6AB6FF8EEEE5941B44A9BD524">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B251B1C54B11DDA81F06311C2FE96690">Zheng, Lihao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DACB36DE7C3329D572A94F2BF982DD7">Guang'an Vocational and Technical College, Guang'an 638000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6A6078F5E6586F5739BC6224E79E0838">Chen, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="055FBB0DF2399BDB4F5D690AA5242FE5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-2532</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7775402EB76538B3AF7CBF32261B3282">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="276A55BB71CF33D3871AB548D5EE71D2">Meng, Ziye</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FCBF4854C4081D406781D14C9D81B7F">Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China & Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="270BC8EEF9640F95C5FC65E158D50ADA" type="email">iorimouse@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="37291B6E38882722079A91B86F7565CC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="90B56BFFCDA8597398F3E737D30A3D93">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F6CCF91C08E7BB19984C557F5943D714">
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<mods:date id="874D959466D8EF28E69DBB051228C313">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5C12C1F6C9C44B84418068E843446FC9">2023-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3B67F2059615B9E6E9654148DD267A3E">1177</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ADD5DF1DB0DE25D5530C9468282C16B0">147</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="95C2EA5920CF4E5D7E1427A00A517D3D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D069545784E0C09E25B7AF8363F3D26B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B4E5679217DD963716173A73D23CE60D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="37F4BFA3774E5722A1DBAC249040C466" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86DA5B90-EA05-4008-B22F-6DC74CF9C8CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/37F4BFA3774E5722A1DBAC249040C466" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="4F080EEDEE1379D59A379C74928D0452" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B861765E2784E2AAAA76FC1BFF50626" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="EE2AF16D04A11BB6A84ADFC43D27F7BC" LSID="https://zoobank.org/86DA5B90-EA05-4008-B22F-6DC74CF9C8CF" authority="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus quadrimaculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus" status="sp. nov.">Benedictus quadrimaculatus Ruan & Konstantinov</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D91E583C8E1529AD525FBBBE0C14A43" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3786297FF5D601C9B5260AEFAC48DDA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5AC788C6896A6C7D359304BE3CBF8CB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="B11902A24A453443FA80B4088A0A12A3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adult morphology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A-C holotype, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views D-F median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral, dorsal, and lateral views G sclerotised and darkened area on the abdominal tergites (arrowed), which are visible through elytra as black spots when the beetle is alive H head I last visible abdominal tergite of female J spermatheca K tignum L vaginal palpi M pronotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898743" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E93A9F174D54C24F3A4C273ED495D911" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Biology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A, B photography of living individuals in lab environment C photography of the moss cushion at the type locality D habitat environment near the type locality E, F habitus of two unknown larvae extracted along with the adults of B. quadrimaculatus from moss." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50D5FACCF2850CD9AF2424BCEB4BC2A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="C20369D658F40702DB6787489433E845" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3139C6DFBEAC09D403C600CB71EFE01" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="6099A2B6967A2311BC1A38C1E459BB95" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) China, Yunnan, Yuanyang County, Xinjie,
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<geoCoordinate id="752F124D760A71420B71830A0132587D" degrees="23.1163" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="23.1163">23.1163°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0C857E6475644C792AD6DA40CD724858" degrees="102.7690" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="102.769">102.7690°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1900 m. Leg. Y. Ruan & M. Zhang 2019.VII.28, Extracted from moss; 2) HOLOTYPE
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<taxonomicName id="8A36C558EAAC8EF513227C7C01067FDD" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus quadrimaculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="463D18AF05E32BE78C124DAD3D500AF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
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<bibRefCitation id="D7A5B984B5E7BD4597769FF985D1E23B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="146F3A4FB482B50F895372BB7B58EB55" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="179764B6E5BC1E7CE108D71362D44B2B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 6♂6♀ (SZPT; some would be transferred to IZCAS), labels: 1) China, Yunnan, Yuanyang County, Xinjie,
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<geoCoordinate id="D7364567E4647ED84C13122771112AF1" degrees="23.1163" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="23.1163">23.1163°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="618E0BB4B31A6A0653F47D95A84AC2FB" degrees="102.7690" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="102.769">102.7690°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1900 m. Leg. Y. Ruan & M. Zhang 2019.VII.28, Extracted from moss; 2) PARATYPE
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<taxonomicName id="8E775132A8DF6D31426323F9B2DA711B" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus quadrimaculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="A36A99DF793B9FDF3AC9CF5C18B7F768" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
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<bibRefCitation id="506EF69198A2A7F4F0C7523AA7C00C48" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C864F255D23279309C6449E155C1660C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E6FE19548D36AF8D18AB8823C3E5EB2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19BC9514FE3E8CA1571AB999784AC927" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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This new species may be distinguished from other known species of
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<taxonomicName id="19547210046F1351EEBB2BFF1A48532B" authorityName="Scherer" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DE3F038349F95F8A01B0C0A5A1CCC4AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: in ventral or dorsal view, apex of median lobe of aedeagus wide and emarginate at middle; four dark maculations present on the abdominal tergites (Figs
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<figureCitation id="809130D0CB6716E17370EA10568FFD16" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adult morphology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A-C holotype, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views D-F median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral, dorsal, and lateral views G sclerotised and darkened area on the abdominal tergites (arrowed), which are visible through elytra as black spots when the beetle is alive H head I last visible abdominal tergite of female J spermatheca K tignum L vaginal palpi M pronotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898743" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2276CBBB55E5F731B6037FCE5980BA90" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Biology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A, B photography of living individuals in lab environment C photography of the moss cushion at the type locality D habitat environment near the type locality E, F habitus of two unknown larvae extracted along with the adults of B. quadrimaculatus from moss." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">5A, B</figureCitation>
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), which are more prominent when the beetle is alive; antennal calli subquadrate with a fovea present between them. Black spots on the abdominal tergites that are visible through elytra is a highly unusual feature that we have not observed in flea beetles before.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3F0F39706BBB72E1FDFA53673749B17C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898743" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph id="4DB1FDB652B6DDD1BC3BE42E6521E484" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B841B92AC55AED9DF6545F62D4570001" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Adult morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="79F3868F6AB4FC2DFA11BAA493BAD507" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus quadrimaculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="23D97A7A0D579B6CB25450403653DCFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="6DBCB48CFD744B52E643AA4B7D19CECD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-C</emphasis>
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holotype, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views
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<emphasis id="9F3A336E1BD05C0C2400DEA68C0BA388" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D-F</emphasis>
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median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral, dorsal, and lateral views
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<emphasis id="772C1A12110FF22042DF74A7BA799D2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
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sclerotised and darkened area on the abdominal tergites (arrowed), which are visible through elytra as black spots when the beetle is alive
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<emphasis id="B0AF1F960B1FF419E0DE9ABBC7638355" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H</emphasis>
|
|
head
|
|
<emphasis id="1853029DE082A835807C3B7C258CCE5B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">I</emphasis>
|
|
last visible abdominal tergite of female
|
|
<emphasis id="A4EA0341BB521719F59A6035F95BF0C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">J</emphasis>
|
|
spermatheca
|
|
<emphasis id="4B6C84B87ECC389E63C1F46D6589BD92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">K</emphasis>
|
|
tignum
|
|
<emphasis id="39D7DE66E7CC53EC1D365D7383AA84F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">L</emphasis>
|
|
vaginal palpi
|
|
<emphasis id="0612CC854BD13E3E67AC050B3CDAA65B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">M</emphasis>
|
|
pronotum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="273F20A0E58E6DED487BEAC4B60E0652" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="C10E4A84D11D29B1FF9F8B972AEB0B93" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="61E51273354D7627C5F6F3CBE10D85F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Male body length 1.35-1.45 mm, width 0.80-0.85 mm; female body length 1.45-1.50 mm, width 0.80-0.85 mm (based on all type specimens). Ratio of body length to body width: 1.70-1.77 (one male and one female measured). Entire body evenly yellow-brown to chestnut-brown, including antennae and legs.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D60265A29AA3C612B87F9B4C55272792" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="9AEF66621C0EDBEC9782C0E8E26E06CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="CFDA0984F066BDA825EF5525EC29F677" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Head</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Head hypognathous. Vertex smooth, without reticulation; a few punctures bearing setae situated above supraorbital sulci on each side. Antennal calli well delimited, subquadrate, and slightly convex; fovea present between antennal calli. Supracallinal and supraorbital sulci deep, forming oblique straight line. Supra-antennal sulcus poorly developed. Facial part of head relatively short. Frontal ridge widest between antennal sockets, strongly narrowed and ridged towards clypeus; frons concave and smooth on each side of frontal ridge, surface without minute longitudinal ridges. Proportions of antennomere lengths: 100: 64: 45: 45: 66: 53: 72: 78: 73: 78: 110 (measured in one individual).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B8B26ABBC72815D68265299F00655F39" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="0B20AA24961ADF74C89506288221AB97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="45BE9531C0BFC426A709790D287346A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Pronotum moderately convex, ratio of pronotum width (measured at middle) to length: 1.30-1.42 (measured in one male and one female). Pronotum widest at middle part. Anterolateral callosity strongly developed, elongate, and somewhat straight, with anterolateral setiferous pore situated at posterior end. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Base of pronotum with deep and transverse antebasal groove bearing coarse and large punctures; transverse antebasal groove delimited by a well-developed longitudinal groove on each side.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="431795A1F5BE26A35A7CB4400773A316" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Elytra convex, humeral calli absent. Elytra with punctures arranged in regular lines. Hind wings absent.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="13546136B9B76D88AD428D56E6FCBF55" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8B4AD615A1EC4E72E81C28762812099" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="8C1BBA18EE14373ED226FB23AC8E4E40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
First male protarsomere larger than that of female. Length of metatibia to first metatarsomere in male: 100: 30.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6064DF721E59B0B18FDE962CD7B06C24" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="743A69E6A8D439AC64833E1735DDB13C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="83AAF929F749784F4EBF64C6B69C1E1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view: widest at middle; ventral surface smooth; sides parallel from base to apical fourth, abruptly narrowed with a step at apical fourth; apex wide, emarginated in middle, without denticle. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view: slightly sinuate, curved ventrad at basal 3/4, bent dorsad at apical 1/4, apex straight.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="13B94615AC3752487CDD3F532B7604FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="0392AC11BBF25AF3E6F5953C0184AB6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="084012EB838293F2FE0ABAFA4E1D8BAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Spermathecal pump cylindrical, very slightly curved, apex broad and rounded; without clear border with receptacle; more or less perpendicular to receptacle. Receptacle of spermatheca pear-shaped, with sides convex. Spermathecal duct without coils.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="88F0DE1451D2E894EDB25C2803E882C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph id="3B2756AE032FB6AC2B5D4DB4C4EC8525" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AF809DEBA235A9C0B3647CC20D5A4C0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">The shape of the pronotum varied slightly by having slightly lesser widths and straighter lateral sides in some individuals.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B8D295957C9727B36164333D621EC9C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="38CD54D5BD739044469A5749C5881B01" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="666FAF826A0C9B08BE3DFEF6F38D18F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
This species is named after the four dark maculations on its abdominal tergites (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="13F30E90912731C54507ADFECE71A5CF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adult morphology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A-C holotype, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views D-F median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral, dorsal, and lateral views G sclerotised and darkened area on the abdominal tergites (arrowed), which are visible through elytra as black spots when the beetle is alive H head I last visible abdominal tergite of female J spermatheca K tignum L vaginal palpi M pronotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898743" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4G</figureCitation>
|
|
), which are prominent when the beetle is alive (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D2FD587698683F4CC67DD773F3E54C5E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Biology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A, B photography of living individuals in lab environment C photography of the moss cushion at the type locality D habitat environment near the type locality E, F habitus of two unknown larvae extracted along with the adults of B. quadrimaculatus from moss." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">5A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="1739F091D6580D342791C98FA9D7D0F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type locality">
|
|
<paragraph id="A0ADE4D91310F51253B0FE193192E0A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="887139891C955C28F674E61716E22152" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Yuanyang County, Yunnan Prov., China.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4390E273576E2A855962ABB6405884C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="D13C6229170731229282119B5CF1E51E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="12A6373994D83C7C4DC68B1FCAA4A156" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">China (Yunnan).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="FC1938279077E3A9006DE50938AC2557" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="host">
|
|
<paragraph id="E831BED6FDF57DF042F05AD917910811" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D7460C91AB470B596328C0BF603CB00F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CE689FF7708A46D2FD9F7EBB5AA03D3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="DA804E57525F8AC6925F7595D3C0CD03" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7579D261F8C5AB4C969B8A9DA2230BB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
This species is extracted from moss cushions containing multiple moss species using a modified fan-driven Berlese funnel (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C882A2400106B517A01836A6EF36D48" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B11" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2020. The biology and immature stages of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with description of a fan-driven high-power Berlese funnel. Insects 11 (9): 1 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" title="The biology and immature stages of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with description of a fan-driven high-power Berlese funnel." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" volume="11" year="2020">Ruan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Live individuals were reared in the laboratory environment; however, no feeding behaviour was observed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6FE08EC6F4F9BC5E73AB0F057960547F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
Although two larvae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="658908723FE48AD9AFDC56367106E720" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Biology of Benedictus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. A, B photography of living individuals in lab environment C photography of the moss cushion at the type locality D habitat environment near the type locality E, F habitus of two unknown larvae extracted along with the adults of B. quadrimaculatus from moss." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">5E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
) were extracted along with the adults from moss, it is unknown if they are conspecific.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="EB4D02EE906F5C52EC502AA0EFB08EEF" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="7211A15FDECA72E8A51C30DF93654B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
|
<emphasis id="1276D84DFED3A60CF4DFD52E138C8F37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Biology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C6C506B78FBFAE04343469CD48BDD5C2" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus quadrimaculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0441AA118A063C40531383146A6EBE5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis id="06B56DDC8D9E7779544A60F39FF12A96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
photography of living individuals in lab environment
|
|
<emphasis id="63A6DBFFEFD9F2321B5F4F1655EB476B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
|
photography of the moss cushion at the type locality
|
|
<emphasis id="8F3907E10F1BFE6982EF413E3EBF8EE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
|
habitat environment near the type locality
|
|
<emphasis id="5A95B54866C7DEE675984073E46692A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
habitus of two unknown larvae extracted along with the adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A1C1289C0708DBCC595501CFE4FE801" lsidName="B. quadrimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5ED1166128C52F48965B492579A36B0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B. quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from moss.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |