241 lines
31 KiB
XML
241 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="72E682FF7145CBAA5C262B4B11E9EC82" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b08ec2ae-2a9b-45a0-9fbb-22f9c56205d1" ModsDocID="z00040p001" checkinTime="1246628357133" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="John E. Randall, Carole C. Baldwin & Jeffrey T. Williams" docDate="2002" docId="37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B" docLanguage="en" docName="2002_Randall_Baldwin_Williams_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 40" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:891FBD83-2857-4BC2-A93C-AA70FB2E9020" docTitle="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams, 2002, nomen novum" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="67366454982F5F1F4525ACC2EB23F6B9" masterDocTitle="Pseudogramma xanthum, a new replacement name for a serranid fish from the subtropical South Pacific Ocean with description of the species." masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1701313812407" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B68FA930125CFBDD2533333466D8E0A1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6E88F7FD96FC4797EF1E264F6411BB57">
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<mods:title id="61791F0FD7D3F8F7F5A0FB4EAF9E0ED1">Pseudogramma xanthum, a new replacement name for a serranid fish from the subtropical South Pacific Ocean with description of the species.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="253D87D6FFFFA191C0A6787A97D4F122" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="32A1BE9EA6D7F3DCC4103337ABA3001A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA73AC82C770FC276434DD8B8407377F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="48E3314B7929C82A2940174053E94068">John E. Randall</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B05CC37CB2B5958B5BC843A65E253DBC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50805B1904D008BE0E08320CB4D3AFE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="723CA00DF4D2B6A6DF8CC98BB79B309E">Carole C. Baldwin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1BD6CB1A0ED46F0DB81F7A3855CB3F5F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C2BF37FF80B2133071C4B7D6C389C1E5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB584D6D0E831EE6D45EB879C0284A14">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1EA9E990466E8AC2587204C2B999A68E">Jeffrey T. Williams</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA250C222C1004FFAEA568FE0417ED3B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D220D998A7FCD4CC1F89965230ED90AF">
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<mods:title id="4CB5B4CC686373055F18D2C217BB6C6A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="141887D98A278D56A7496653B29E37DB">
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<mods:date id="EEF92F9AA95F9359A593C499C7AB3E1D">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="746E142E62F60F56617A0A983F9E2538" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="807CFAB66456D97E233088A1C570BE72">40</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="65461BE2EFA5C1B18A84D94C381C9D61" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="AA4318D730700D830CAEEDE30488D2EB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="27384F41B2BA81418FD5937D97ADD6BE">8</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="8CE19C94CCB5EC20234B37913B5DBEEF">
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<mods:url id="F982D7C4D1A158F1E3E81DDFDA5362BC">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:891FBD83-2857-4BC2-A93C-AA70FB2E9020</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="0BCC280B729C15E0F407CCDC5A5FEAB2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="02C7E673C861BF360F00310675E89DA0" type="Plazi-Custom">z00040p001</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6277479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100125112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6277479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B" lastPageNumber="7" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="4D823446390F335A453220E7636332F0" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3D611D7AA441979A5F51735C989EB879" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="31CF2B9CE939D34EB3BE61530F39C109" ID-CoL="4NXMS" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">Pseudogramma xanthum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AA551FBFFA0C6F3DBB50E6AB2C4B6C4">nomen novum</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(Figure 1, Table 1)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED26A8313831DD01DCEC9896EA9FF27B" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="110CE76B62EB62CF8523496FFC39BF36" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="3FDA070416A8220E0A69FD5CC9499CDD" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="australis" subSpecies="australis">Pseudogramma australis australis Randall and Baldwin</taxonomicName>
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, 1997 (type locality Temoe Atoll).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B5775755F3687D08516DD84CF00AEE4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="803FAA9756DAE62F1872C9A28B26841D" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="1A2D103870519D78DF1B0EA0AC30A493" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903279" collectingDate="1970-12-16" collectingMethod="rotenone" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="J.E. Randall, D.B. Cannoy" country="France" latitude="-23.333334" location="Tuamotu Archipelago, Gambier Group, Temoe Atoll, N side of seaward reef" longitude="-134.5" specimenCode="BPBM 13531" stateProvince="French Polynesia" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="7DB17E09763939FAF015470FB14C927A">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="5DA3C5DA84F8D35F11968272DF5B2B39">
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<collectionCode id="B0A10D3084143A99EE7F1054AFE5957E" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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13531
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</specimenCode>
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, 39.1 mm,
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<location id="5BC8F127E3FCC36DE38F8C3E1EFC2973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:5BC8F127E3FCC36DE38F8C3E1EFC2973">Tuamotu Archipelago, Gambier Group, Temoe Atoll</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="379DB1B3A546B684B946077C7D16FFF8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-23.333334">23°20’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="642DE129EE69B919DF7C6DB2A9DC15FF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-134.5">134°30’W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location id="215C5525B4DDB73AFFB1814EDCE930F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:215C5525B4DDB73AFFB1814EDCE930F4">N side of seaward reef</location>
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, small cave, 41 m,
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<collectingMethod id="A06F55C03EB81D9BFB0A0CC56180F139">rotenone</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectorName id="83C6481D81C16FFFA90625A7EA38BFBA">J.E. Randall and D.B. Cannoy</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="01C65142A4F0892FEBE79E8C61938391" day="16" month="12">
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16
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<collectingDate id="E000AE5129651191EFCF04CD5C964CC2" month="12" value="1970-12" year="1970">December 1970</collectingDate>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BB86BF0D7FD5F946A98EC718944B6106" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5374FFB20F6B02E5EA2861D10B3C57B1" pageNumber="3">
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Additional material examined:
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<materialsCitation id="CAB16F27F314ABC79C0DAE4FC3DC31A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903283" collectingDate="1967-10-20" collectingMethod="dredge haul" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="crew of “Pele”" country="Great Britain, British overseas territories" location="Pitcairn Island, coral rubble and stone bottom, 99-102 m, station 6" specimenCode="BMNH 1996.6.27.1" stateProvince="Pitcairn Islands">
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<specimenCode id="15DE1E81F250FEE2FF06B1E42CEE9A56">
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<collectionCode id="0A7DE6D77A671F45F7D589C4A8D7BEF7" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1996.6.27.1
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</specimenCode>
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, 41.0 mm,
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<location id="C450826E9D199717C88550B4D4EA689D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:C450826E9D199717C88550B4D4EA689D" name="Pitcairn Island, coral rubble and stone bottom, 99-102 m, station 6">Pitcairn Island, coral rubble and stone bottom, 99-102 m, station 6</location>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="55DF863B59C4B83BC67C1B95759F468C">dredge haul</collectingMethod>
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17,
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<collectorName id="F943F8B1B5F79B78E32D69C22CCD958E">crew of “Pele”</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="361582E96A848B451C90A6405ECA9166" day="20" month="10" value="1967-10-20" year="1967">20 October 1967</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="B19E792029F6E7182A4096C1EB835D48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903282" collectingDate="1970-12-16" collectingMethod="rotenone" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="J.E. Randall, D.B. Cannoy" country="France" latitude="-23.333334" location="Tuamotu Archipelago, Gambier Group, Temoe Atoll, N side of seaward reef" longitude="-134.5" specimenCode="BPBM 37393" stateProvince="French Polynesia">
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<specimenCode id="9E303783C58ECC5BFC59D581A08F507A">
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<collectionCode id="FEBF9050B5A411E2E100B2EE892BD3F6" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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37393
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</specimenCode>
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, 4:22.4-35.0 mm, same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="339F4852CA84630965A71C2B81323E2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903280" collectingDate="1971-01-06" collectingMethod="rotenone" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="J.E. Randall, D.B. Cannoy, J.R. Haywood, R.R. Costello, J.D. Bryant, S.R. Christian" country="Great Britain, British overseas territories" location="Pitcairn Island, N side off Gannet Ridge, coral reef" specimenCode="BPBM 16893" stateProvince="Pitcairn Islands">
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<specimenCode id="8585DEA70ABD875348FF6366B00559CC">
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<collectionCode id="A3B41CE303E723AC129E06FFD06A84BD" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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16893
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</specimenCode>
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, 33.1 mm,
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<location id="4A5E2C7E12D582342562D4876A5A9403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:4A5E2C7E12D582342562D4876A5A9403" name="Pitcairn Island, N side off Gannet Ridge, coral reef">Pitcairn Island, N side off Gannet Ridge, coral reef</location>
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, 40-44.5 m,
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<collectingMethod id="86382E9E68452DA9617B048D63CCE9D9">rotenone</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectorName id="4A4A9333CEFF6D56AB322C468D686ACF">J.E. Randall, D.B. Cannoy, J.R. Haywood, R.R. Costello, J.D. Bryant, and S.R. Christian</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="4CEAAC627864EEA9EB61220510393EFF" day="06" month="01" value="1971-01-06" year="1971">6 January 1971</collectingDate>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="60ED3B4B547A29495E9F3188E14A8C5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903284" collectingDate="1971-03-11" collectingMethod="rotenone" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="J.E. Randall, D.B. Cannoy" country="Cook Islands" location="Rarotonga, off oil tanker buoy near harbor entrance" specimenCode="BPBM 13974">
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<specimenCode id="C010F31EBA674AD148223D19A0409705">
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<collectionCode id="FB912F86665DB7165D50A88085E1F4C4" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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13974
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</specimenCode>
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, 2: 22.5-26.0 mm,
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<collectingCountry id="87FF5B6911FF6A007F0A2AD14790C08B">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="1938C4FA2C39C7FE95A9E40414C2FB10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:1938C4FA2C39C7FE95A9E40414C2FB10" country="Cook Islands" name="Rarotonga, off oil tanker buoy near harbor entrance">Rarotonga, off oil tanker buoy near harbor entrance</location>
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, 23-30.5 m,
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<collectingMethod id="43A4DC21758DAA05A4AA5369135E857D">rotenone</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectorName id="179E183285CEB22D6B170BEC001D632C">J.E. Randall and D.B. Cannoy</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="AC110200805535D8259D432BD7D02F85" day="11" month="03" value="1971-03-11" year="1971">11 March 1971</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="CD4A1F3F7BAA4A7847599867AEA8F4E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903281" collectingDate="1993-11-12" collectingMethod="rotenone" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J.T. Williams, B.B Collette, G.D. Johnson, D.G. Smith, C.C. Baldwin, E.A. Powers" country="Tonga" latitude="-19.6041667" location="Ha’apai Group, Ofolanga Island, SW side, deep reef slope with sand channel at base and steep dropoff at end" longitude="-174.4708333" specimenCode="USNM 327795" stateProvince="Ha’apai">
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<specimenCode id="4502BC39619EC1DB3E58B0431A66D18D">
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<collectionCode id="7093D0DB4CDB231898CB825AD48717D6" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">USNM</collectionCode>
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327795
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</specimenCode>
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, 3: 26-27 mm,
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<collectingCountry id="1A6C7E12A8E5ED0B1FF175A37964D632">Tonga</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="CBAEE07E9996AF61BDB0A8B6893BF47D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:CBAEE07E9996AF61BDB0A8B6893BF47D" country="Tonga" latitude="-19.604168" longitude="-174.47083" name="Ha’apai Group, Ofolanga Island, SW side">Ha’apai Group, Ofolanga Island, SW side</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="0B05357B6F03C74041E902D4103E5341" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-19.604168">19°36’15”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3DB38F782AE1CC7D5C7AEAD49A859A1B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-174.47083">174°28’15”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location id="1FCC96AB5C55FC6760F7C0D55901A231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37DA060EFF562AC2CCC26830546D437B:1FCC96AB5C55FC6760F7C0D55901A231" country="Tonga" latitude="-19.604168" longitude="-174.47083" name="deep reef slope with sand channel at base and steep dropoff at end">deep reef slope with sand channel at base and steep dropoff at end</location>
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, 21-32 m,
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<collectingMethod id="08AC130DD73C2F27A91677CF9C57A9BB">rotenone</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectorName id="70993CB90BE924B7AAD1EBF30ABBBD9F">J.T. Williams, B.B Collette, G.D. Johnson, D.G. Smith, C.C. Baldwin, and E.A. Powers</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="6C9E0F8E044F36641737D2DE35B80626" day="12" month="11" value="1993-11-12" year="1993">12 November 1993</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="159D1F374BA9B9F196F662A474E9E3C1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0F8FA874458FA33EF99B0CAC2AB208E3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VII, 19-21; anal rays III, 16-18 (usually 17); pectoral rays 14- 15 (usually 15); one incomplete lateral line, pored scales 28-32; longitudinal scale series 50-52; gill rakers 6 + 10 or 11; a slender triangular dermal flap dorsally on eye of adults; tubular anterior nostril reaching about half way to posterior nostril when laid back; head length 40.3-43.1% SL; snout length 7.5-7.9% SL; orbit diameter 9.0-10.2% SL; upper-jaw length 19.3-21.1% SL; predorsal length 38.2-40.3% SL; head and body yellow in life with rows of large white blotches, a pale-edged brown spot on opercle; dark red dots on head, many in rows, and scattered dark red dots on body; largest specimen, 39.1mm SL.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5F8DCC9B9813196EC7BE960D7DDFDEB" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3295A57697EAB57D8E5CB1B4A33BBC2B" pageNumber="4">Description: Dorsal rays VII, 20 (19-21); anal rays III, 17 (16-18); pectoral rays 15 (14-15), all rays branched in adults; pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 17; upper procurrent caudal rays 4; lower procurrent caudal rays 3; one incomplete lateral line, the pored scales 30 (28-32); longitudinal scale series 50 (about 50-52); scale rows directly above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin about 6; scale rows directly below lateral line to origin of anal fin about 17 (rows partly overlapping and difficult to count); gill rakers 6 + 11 (6 + 11 or 12); pseudobranchial filaments 10 (7-9); branchiostegal rays 7; vertebrae 10+16.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3395AC43D8CBC2374CE637D3A2A4CFD" pageNumber="4">Body depth 3.55 (3.6-4.25) in SL; body width 1.8 (1.6-2.0) in body depth; head length 2.45 (2.3-2.5) in SL; snout length 5.4 (5.3-5.6) in head length; orbit diameter 4.3 (4.1-4.6) in head length; interorbital narrow and nearly flat, the least fleshy width 11.5 (10.9-12.5) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 3.2 (3.25-3.5) in head length; caudal-peduncle length 5.35 (5.25-5.45) in head length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33DD2CAABA712D60F835ED9C2F1D99E9" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">Mouth terminal or with lower jaw slightly projecting, oblique, forming an angle of about 35° to horizontal axis of head, and large, the maxilla extending well beyond a vertical at rear edge of eye, the upper-jaw length 2.1 (1.95-2.15) in head length; a small, triangular, ventrally-projecting, bony process posteriorly on maxilla; a small fixed incurved canine tooth (sometimes a close-set pair) anteriorly on each side of upper jaw; an inner band of small, conical, inwardly depressible teeth at front of upper jaw in about 6 irregular rows, progressively longer medially, the innermost symphyseal teeth longer than canines, though more slender; band of teeth narrowing to 1 or 2 irregular rows posteriorly in jaw; dentition of lower jaw similar to upper but without the fixed canines, with only 4-5 rows of teeth anteriorly, the largest teeth of inner row continuing along side of jaw; vomer with a V-shaped patch of small conical teeth in 3 irregular rows; palatines with a long band of small conical teeth in 1-2 irregular rows. Tongue long and slender, reaching slightly anterior to vomerine teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31ED39C3E13E294ADB8881053B0EDAE7" pageNumber="6">Opercle with 3 flat spines covered by scales; posterior margin of preopercle with a strong spine projecting obliquely downward, its base at level of lower edge of eye. A slender triangular flap longer than pupil extending upward from dorsal surface of eye (small and more triangular on smallest paratypes).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DDB891992406B25BA4CC638C06E54FAE" pageNumber="6">Tubular anterior nostril near base of upper lip at level of lower edge of pupil, reaching about half distance to posterior nostril when laid back; posterior nostril at edge of orbit, slightly dorsal to anterior nostril, and vertically oval with a slight rim. A pair of large pores in midinterorbital space with a median pore behind; 12 other large pores encircling orbit; 4 large pores on mandible continuing as 7 pores along edge of preopercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF289F43838C712C3B34619561DB311C" pageNumber="6">Scales on body small and adherent, their surface with prominent horizontal ridges, those posterior to about tenth lateral-line scale rhomboid and ctenoid, the middle cteni longest; small cycloid scales on nape extending into posterior interorbital space; small cycloid scales on opercle and cheek; rest of head naked; small scales on about basal half of fins except pelvics where only basally; no scales in axil of pectoral fins; lateral line paralleling dorsal contour of body, ending below middle of base of soft portion of dorsal fin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="029FB95B15FC1ECBA0013B8B09C607AF" pageNumber="6">Origin of dorsal fin above fifth lateral-line scale, the predorsal length 2.6 (2.5-2.6) in SL; first dorsal spine 5.6 (5.4-5.75) in head length; fifth or sixth dorsal spines longest, 4.0 (3.8-3.95) in head length; last dorsal spine 4.95 (4.5-4.85) in head length; longest dorsal soft ray 2.85 (2.6-2.75) in head length; origin of anal fin below base of third dorsal soft ray, the preanal length 1.5 (1.5-1.55) in SL; first anal spine 6.9 (7.l-8.55) in head length; second anal spine clearly largest, 4.7 (4.2-4.8) in head length; longest anal soft ray 2.8 (2.55-2.8) in head length; caudal fin rounded and small, 1.8 (1.6-1.5) in head length; middle pectoral rays longest, 1.3 (1.2-1.3)in head length; origin of pelvic fins anterior to base of pectorals, the prepelvic distance 2.95 (2.8-3.1) in SL; second and third pelvic soft rays longest, 2.65 (2.6-2.7) in head.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3310D43EEA176295D714AC346A63D412" lastPageNumber="7" pageNumber="6">Color of holotype entirely pale yellowish. Color when fresh light yellow, shading to white on abdomen, chest, and ventral half of head, with two rows of indistinct pale blotches larger than pupil, one positioned midlaterally and one on lower side, scattered dark red dots (red with dark brown centers) on body; opercle with irregular pale-edged brown blotch rimmed with dark red dots; numerous dark red dots on dorsal half of head, those on lower half of head more widely separated but most arranged in lines, four of which pass ventrally from anterior half of eye, the first three crossing lips onto chin; fins light yellowish, the dorsal with a few dark red dots on base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64693B14BCD30B65431E4D5F889B6BE" pageNumber="7">A color photo (by JTW) of a specimen from Tonga is essentially the same as that of the holotype (Fig. 1) from the Tuamotu Archipelago.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="906438C4AF58F63281F59C2D0E5F03B5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F39B291FC7BB1F8237850D3B6D74EF44" pageNumber="7">Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Greek adjective xanthos, meaning yellow, in reference to the ground color of the body.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E10A0C948DC6C6CE31EE82E9CBDD40E8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3FDCBE093C7D96AEE63A4D781135B93A" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Remarks: The species redescribed above was first treated as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F968CB888042E8C41353ECC28A517FA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Pseudogramma australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but was mistakenly named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A978AC593EC958F29ED0A8B8CCCEF24" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="australis" subSpecies="australis">P. a. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DD4E61F6E088921DBDF270AF2A8B022" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been shown above to be occupied by the Easter Island species and does not apply to the western species. The subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EABA88BF12A6B4066DE10C15B872A00C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:607DD51E-1EC1-43F1-916A-710C5E4F9F74" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis pasquensis Randall & Baldwin 1997:23" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="australis" subSpecies="pasquensis">P. a. pasquensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88537D343F461B0B1AB1EC85FD679FFB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus there is no name available for the western species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9898D48998C04C3F204C47AF878AF678" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, and we provide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66F20A7BE9DD1DCF4AE6EFA5DC5C86F8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the new replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FA25007F6A096780A361473184246B" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="australis" subSpecies="australis">P. a. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A640C2BE6BA7132E2FC8B321A69EBE6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D22D75B939D5B675ADE607817CAD458" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Pseudogramma australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36BD0CC532CA7170A47AD4316E3CE05D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the same basic color pattern, but differ in ground color, red for the former and yellow for the latter. However, we have records of the life color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BDA104CADC14F9F2FC81AE4E8AA9F1E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
from only Temoe and Tonga. In addition to the meristic differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFD3EB2251D727B6ABF4EB96BBDE944" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="477A7219665A4E9F4A44D38E7F400706" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussed for the two subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6599ECDBA215602F26C817D13276AC43" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Randall & Baldwin (1997: tables 1-3), and the smaller size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CF4E7B467B33EE1419C8F37005F77B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we note the following differences in proportional measurements:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B60440422B8E039487FC044698FDE23F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a larger head (40.7- 43.1% SL, compared to 37.0-39.4% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7E104D6DC848C8468C89DB3B47DCB34" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer snout (7.5-7.9% SL, compared to 6.7-7.4% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB3BDA9E4E096D0ED1F6348D55610ED7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25C9FDEA-1274-4B90-B156-12E35AD47609" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin 1997:19" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">P. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer upper jaw (19.3-21.1% SL, compared to 18.5- 19.7%); and longer predorsal length (38.2-40.3% SL, compared to 36.4-38.2%). The eye size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47837B1A7B9F9606AAB6D8471E9AD3D5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (9.0-10.2% SL, compared to 8.4-9.1%), but this is probably due to the smaller size of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F4DC5F2EAD303A15F4C9D91A2917CDA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the tables,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20D92414B099FDFB539A1502D02C6B40" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F695BC2-8B78-454F-93A4-09DC18C542FC" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudogramma xanthum Randall, Baldwin & Williams 2002:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">P. xanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to have a shorter caudal fin, but only three specimens could be measured due to the poor condition of most specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |