treatments-xml/data/03/C4/1A/03C41A4F5D19602E2A804110CBBE29D6.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773275" ID-ZooBank="D5B78BB6-E7AB-4CB8-B202-AA617E06F915" approvalRequired="9" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="5" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="3" checkinTime="1679898889705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, Rajasekaran" docDate="2023" docId="03C41A4F5D19602E2A804110CBBE29D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caenis kaegies Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFFD62375D1C60232A174607CF3D287F" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1679899625077" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8118-3256</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; srini 15.05.1996 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8118 - 3256</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">barathyruban@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9952-4335</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; iceisack 143 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9952 - 4335</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<subSubSection box="[151,405,1815,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,405,1815,1878]" box="[151,405,1815,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,405,1815,1842]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,405,1815,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,332,1815,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,332,1815,1842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[339,405,1815,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,302,1851,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,405,1815,1878]" box="[151,302,1851,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,295,1851,1878]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 20–23" captionStart-1="FIGURES 24–27" captionStart-2="FIGURES 28–30" captionStart-3="FIGURES 31–34" captionStart-4="FIGURES 35–37" captionStart-5="FIGURES 38–41" captionStart-6="FIGURES 42–44" captionStart-7="FIGURES 45–47" captionStart-8="FIGURES 48–53" captionStart-9="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId-0="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionStartId-1="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionStartId-2="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionStartId-3="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionStartId-4="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionStartId-5="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionStartId-6="10.[152,270,1995,2019]" captionStartId-7="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" captionStartId-8="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionStartId-9="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetBox-3="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetBox-4="[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetBox-5="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetBox-6="[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetBox-8="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetBox-9="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId-0="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetId-2="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@9.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId-4="figure-54@9.[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetId-5="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId-6="figure-51@10.[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetId-7="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId-8="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId-9="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." captionText-2="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." captionText-3="FIGURES 31–34. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible." captionText-4="FIGURES 35–37. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp." captionText-5="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." captionText-6="FIGURES 42–44. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (42) midleg; (43) midtibia setation; (44) midclaw." captionText-7="FIGURES 45–47. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw." captionText-8="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." captionText-9="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773298" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7773298/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figs. 20–57</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1923,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,401,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Materials examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-06-16" collectionCode="R, AMC" collectorName="P. Srinivasan &amp; Isack" country="India" county="South" elevation="192" location="Vaigai river" longitude="78.11639" municipality="Madurai District" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis box="[413,523,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus box="[413,519,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
L-S-IJ, 
<collectingCounty box="[635,700,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">South</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry box="[712,772,1923,1949]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[789,929,1923,1949]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[945,1139,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Madurai District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C41A4F5D19602E2A804110CBBE29D6:8EB2FD825D1960262E944184CA332FE2" box="[1155,1294,1923,1949]" country="India" county="South" longitude="78.11639" municipality="Madurai District" name="Vaigai river" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Vaigai river</location>
, 9°95′52′′N, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,285,1961,1988]" degrees="78" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" precision="15" seconds="59" value="78.11639">78°06′59′′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[297,371,1959,1986]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="192.0">
<elevation box="[297,371,1959,1986]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="192.0">192 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[384,514,1959,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" value="2021-06-16">
<collectingDate box="[384,514,1959,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" value="2021-06-16">16.VI.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls. 
<collectorName box="[595,741,1959,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">P. Srinivasan</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectionCode box="[780,802,1960,1986]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[814,873,1959,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Isack</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[889,956,1959,1986]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/253)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-06-16" collectionCode="AMC, ZSI" collectorName="Reg. No." country="India" county="South" elevation="192" location="Vaigai river" longitude="78.11639" municipality="Madurai District" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis box="[1074,1195,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus box="[1074,1191,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
1 L-SJ, 2 L-S-I 
<specimenCount box="[1395,1409,1959,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[234,300,1995,2022]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/254), 
<specimenCount box="[418,495,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName box="[510,612,1995,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Reg. No.</collectorName>
<collectionCode box="[619,661,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">ZSI</collectionCode>
–SRC/I/E/742) with same label data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[326,492,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[326,492,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[497,558,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[497,558,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName box="[944,1107,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis box="[944,1022,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Caenis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: Imago: 1) terga I–VI with more or less intense blackish transverse bands (
<figureCitation box="[1119,1202,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); 2) scutellum darkly pigmented with anvil-shaped marking (
<figureCitation box="[598,684,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); 3) base of antennal flagellum not dilated (
<figureCitation box="[1185,1270,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
); 4) prosternal sclerites bell-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[392,475,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); 5) foretarsus segments 2–4 each with a small tongue-shaped apico-median projection (
<figureCitation box="[159,245,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
); 6) penis broad, with short rounded lobes (
<figureCitation box="[746,833,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); 7) forceps short, basally broadened, consisting of a strong spine with blunt apex equipped with apical tuft of long spines (
<figureCitation box="[948,1033,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Larva: 1) genae distinctly bulged; 2) pronotum and mesonotum denticulate without any bulging margins; 3) forefemur with a transverse row of 7–8 strongly developed spatulate setae (
<figureCitation box="[557,643,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
); 4) hindclaw with 3–4 basal denticles increasing in size distally, and a row of microdenticles, decreasing in size towards the distal end (
<figureCitation box="[916,1002,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–47" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 45–47. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
); 6) dorsal surface of tergalius II with numerous scales and 4–5 spatulate setae on the 2/3 
<superScript attach="left" box="[734,748,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">rd</superScript>
half of Y-shaped ridge (
<figureCitation box="[1028,1114,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); 7) hind margin of sternum IX rounded with numerous minute indentations medially (
<figureCitation box="[819,906,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
). Egg: 1) chorion finely pored with a cap-like epithema (
<figureCitation box="[269,353,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); 2) micropyle with mouth not broadened (
<figureCitation box="[835,919,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,339,618,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Male imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[354,435,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[457,627,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity box="[784,872,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
; forewing length: 
<quantity box="[1074,1163,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; foreleg length: 
<quantity box="[1343,1432,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
; midleg length: 
<quantity box="[319,406,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
; hindleg length: 
<quantity box="[590,678,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; cercus length: 
<quantity box="[849,937,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
. Ratios. Head (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[1147,1330,654,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1341,1424,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–7" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-141@3.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–7. SEM view of eggs of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021: (4) entire view; (5) epithemata; (6) closer view of chorion; (7) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773280/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4k</figureCitation>
): c: a = 2.3, a: b = 1.1; Leg: fore femur: fore tibia = 0.51; fore tibia: fore tarsus = 1.42; fore leg: hind leg = 2.10; segments of fore tarsus 1st: 2nd: 3rd: 4th: 5th = 1: 4.6: 2.4: 1.9: 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis box="[199,330,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Coloration.</emphasis>
Head:Vertex with two more or less intense dark brownish transverse bands (
<figureCitation box="[1168,1251,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).Antenna: scape and pedicel pale. Thorax: Prothorax dark brownish stripes medially and laterally, posterior margin of pronotum with dark brownish transverse band. Mesonotum generally pale with two black longitudinal bands in the sub medial area; scutellum darkly pigmented with anvil-shaped marking (
<figureCitation box="[787,871,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); mesonotal suture darkly pigmented; prosternum, mesosternum, and metasternum pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa, and subcostal veins reddish-brown. Legs whitish, except apical part of femora and tibiae with a dark brownish patch. Abdomen: Terga I–VI with more or less intense blackish transverse bands, terga VII–IX (
<figureCitation box="[747,829,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) mostly colourless medially and laterally with intense blackish stripes, tergum X mostly colourless. Cerci translucent.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" startId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" targetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1979,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,347,1979,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 20–23.</emphasis>
Male imago of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[511,664,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[511,664,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[671,728,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[671,728,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[199,260,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[276,362,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[152,270,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-442@6.[163,1424,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (20) dorsal view; (21) lateral view; (22) abdominal terga; (23) head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773286/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Fore margin between lateral and frontal ocelli slightly bowed. Pedicel 2.5 times the length of scape. Base of the antennal flagellum not dilated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[199,288,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Thorax.</emphasis>
Prosternal sclerites forming a bell-shape; base of the triangle washed with dark brownish pigmentation (
<figureCitation box="[159,246,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Foretarsus segments 2–4 with a small tongue-shaped apico-median projection (
<figureCitation box="[1173,1257,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) equipped with strong small spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[199,305,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergum II without a finger-like process. Lateral filaments short. Genitalia and sternum IX as in 
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
. Penis broad, with short rounded lobes, hind margin with a well-developed medial incision. Styliger sclerite broad with very short apophyses. Forceps longer than penis lobe, basally broadened, consisting of a strong spine with blunt apex equipped with apical tuft of long spines (
<figureCitation box="[791,875,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" startId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,1421,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,349,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 24–27.</emphasis>
Male imago of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[521,676,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[521,676,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[685,744,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[685,744,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,1527,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,366,1527,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Female imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[381,462,1527,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[484,654,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity box="[812,901,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
; forewing length: 
<quantity box="[1104,1193,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
. Coloration similar to that of males. Terga I–VI with blackish transverse band strongly pronounced compared to that of males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,1527,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,357,1599,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Mature larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[372,452,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[473,643,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity box="[799,933,1599,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.5 mm</quantity>
in female; 
<quantity box="[1057,1191,1599,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.7 mm</quantity>
in male. Cerci length: 
<quantity box="[151,265,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2 mm</quantity>
in female; 
<quantity box="[392,527,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
in male. Antennae length: 
<quantity box="[828,945,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,1527,2022]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[199,267,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Head.</emphasis>
Length 
<quantity box="[368,474,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity box="[564,670,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.67">0.67 mm</quantity>
. General coloration brown, with a dark brownish transverse band between lateral ocelli; vertex dark brown with branch-like markings (
<figureCitation box="[932,1017,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Hind margin without setae, antenna with thin setae on each articulation. Pedicel 1.5 times longer than scape and with 3–4 simple setae on lateral margins, genae distinctly bulged in lateral view. Mouthparts: Labrum (
<figureCitation box="[975,1060,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–34" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–34. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) twice as broad as long, medial emargination with thick setae, lateral margin with long simple setae, dorsal and ventral surface with scattered long, fine simple setae. Hypopharynx with minute hair-like setae on the apical margin and superlingua with long simple setae on the lateral margins. Left mandible. Outer incisor with four denticles; inner incisor with two denticles; medial margin without any process between mola and incisors (
<figureCitation box="[773,856,1923,1949]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–34" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–34. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Right mandible. Both outer and inner incisors with two denticles; medial margin with a small process between mola and incisors (
<figureCitation box="[1050,1135,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–34" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–34. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface and outer margin of both mandibles scattered with a row of long, strongly spatulate setae (
<figureCitation box="[1052,1136,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–34" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–34. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Maxilla (
<figureCitation box="[1258,1342,1995,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Threesegmented maxillary palp; length ratio of palp segments 1: 0.6: 0.9; segment I with a row of five bipinnate bristles on the outer margin (
<figureCitation box="[390,475,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
); segment III with a longitudinal row of long simple setae the inner margin. Labium. Glossa with few small spines laterally; paraglossa with scattered long, spine-like setae (
<figureCitation box="[1145,1229,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
); three-segmented labial palp with length ratio of 1: 0.9: 0.5 (
<figureCitation box="[641,726,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[203,1384,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
); segment I with a row of seven bipinnate bristles in the outer margin, segment II with long hair-like setae all over the surface and in the outer margin; outer marginal surface with a row of 5–7 pectinate setae, segment III with 6–8 spine-like setae on the inner margin and two transverse rows of long, spine-like setae on the apex along with scattered long hair-like setae on the surface and outer margin.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773290" box="[152,1248,1349,1373]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" startId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[152,1248,1349,1373]" box="[152,1248,1349,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1349,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 28–30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[352,505,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[352,505,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,568,1349,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[511,568,1349,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1419,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis box="[199,280,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum and mesonotum dark brownish; epidermal pigmentation similar to that of imago (
<figureCitation box="[1338,1424,1419,1445]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,417,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (28) female imago; (29) larva; (30) mesonotal coloration of larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773290/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum with denticulate margins without any bulging. Legs. Cuticular coloration: Femora light brownish with diffuse light and dark areas; tibiae and tarsi light brownish. Coxal processes nearly semi-circular with denticulate margins. Foreleg (
<figureCitation box="[356,440,1527,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0.38: 0.28: 0.23: 
<quantity box="[1058,1161,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
; femur with a transverse row of 7–8 strongly developed spatulate setae on ¾ of the distal region (
<figureCitation box="[978,1064,1563,1589]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
); proximal outer margin consists of few spatulate setae; inner margin with row of long hair-like setae on the proximal half; tibia with longitudinal row of 5–6 spatulate setae on dorsal surface; outer margin with few hair-like setae (
<figureCitation box="[1085,1169,1635,1661]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); tarsi with longitudinal row of two bipinnate bristles on the distal end; outer and inner margins with few hair-like setae; claw slender with four minute basal denticles (
<figureCitation box="[473,557,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[207,1381,181,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Midleg (
<figureCitation box="[676,762,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–44" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-51@10.[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42–44. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (42) midleg; (43) midtibia setation; (44) midclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773298/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0.36: 0.22: 0.21: 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
. Femur with scattered spatulate bristles all over the surface; outer margin consists of a row of long spatulate setae; tibia with longitudinal row of 5–6 spatulate setae on dorsal surface (
<figureCitation box="[986,1071,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–44" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-51@10.[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42–44. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (42) midleg; (43) midtibia setation; (44) midclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773298/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
); outer margin with row of short spine-like setae; tarsi with a longitudinal row of six stout, bipinnate bristles of variable in size; claw (
<figureCitation box="[1283,1364,1815,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–44" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-51@10.[191,1397,1119,1971]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42–44. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (42) midleg; (43) midtibia setation; (44) midclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773298/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) long, broad, and curved with six basal denticles. Hindleg (
<figureCitation box="[738,822,1851,1878]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–47" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 45–47. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0. 40: 0.31: 0.19: 
<quantity box="[151,254,1887,1914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
. Femur similar to that of midleg; tibia with longitudinal row of 5–6 spatulate setae on dorsal surface; outer margin with row of long spine-like setae; tarsi similar to that of midleg (
<figureCitation box="[939,1021,1923,1949]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–47" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 45–47. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
); claw strongly curved with 3–4 basal denticles increasing in size distally, and a row of microdenticles, decreasing in size towards the distal end (
<figureCitation box="[1340,1424,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–47" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 45–47. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773292/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" startId="9.[152,270,1035,1059]" targetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,1035,1095]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,348,1035,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 31–34.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[533,687,1035,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[533,687,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[694,753,1035,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[694,753,1035,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (31) labrum; (32) left mandible; (33) right mandible; (34) row of setae in the outer margin of right mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773294/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" startId="9.[152,270,1977,2001]" targetBox="[203,1384,1119,1954]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1977,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 35–37.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[523,675,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[523,675,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[680,737,1978,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[680,737,1978,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (35) maxilla; (36) maxillary palp segment I setation; (37) paraglossa and labial palp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773296/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" startId="10.[152,270,1035,1059]" targetBox="[207,1381,181,1011]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1436,1035,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,349,1035,1059]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 38–41.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[540,695,1035,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[540,695,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[704,764,1035,1059]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[704,764,1035,1059]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (38) foreleg; (39) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (40) foretibia setation; (41) foreclaw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773298" box="[152,1261,1995,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773298/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" startId="10.[152,270,1995,2019]" targetBox="[191,1397,1119,1971]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[152,1261,1995,2019]" box="[152,1261,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 42–44.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[526,679,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[526,679,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[685,742,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[685,742,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (42) midleg; (43) midtibia setation; (44) midclaw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773300" box="[152,1292,1111,1135]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773300/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" startId="11.[152,270,1111,1135]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1292,1111,1135]" box="[152,1292,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 45–47.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[526,679,1111,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[526,679,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[685,742,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[685,742,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (45) hindleg; (46) hindtarsus setation; (47) hindclaw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1181,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis box="[199,305,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Terga I, VII, and VIII dark brown; terga IX and X light brown; others whitish and laterally translucent. Tergalius II with diffuse light and dark brown areas without any shading medially and remaining areas with dark brown patches (
<figureCitation box="[328,412,1253,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Tergalius II about twice the length of tergalius I. Tergum I without posteromedian process; tergum II with a broadly blunt triangular posteromedian process and denticulate hind margin (
<figureCitation box="[1232,1318,1289,1316]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
); tergalius II with Y-shaped ridges poorly developed, inner ridge posteriorly reduced (
<figureCitation box="[997,1083,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); dorsal surface with numerous scales and 4–5 spatulate setae on the anterior 2/3 
<superScript attach="left" box="[706,720,1361,1375]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">rd</superScript>
half of Y-shaped ridge (
<figureCitation box="[997,1082,1361,1388]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); left margin of Y-shaped ridge with a row of long simple setae with few short spatulate setae. Right margin of Y-shaped ridge with a row of small simple setae. Ventral row of microtrichia originates at anterior 1/5 
<superScript attach="left" box="[964,977,1433,1447]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">th</superScript>
length of the tergalius II and ends in the posteromedial region; microtrichia elongated, more or less parallel-sided, and pinnate (
<figureCitation box="[1145,1231,1469,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Tergalius III–VI with numerous filaments (
<figureCitation box="[450,535,1505,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral processes on tergum I absent; terga II–III with slightly marked posterolateral processes; terga IV–IX with well-developed posterolateral processes. Hind margins of tergum VII with long hair-like setae and tergum VIII with long hair-like setae along with few spatulate setae and terga IX and X with small denticles. Hind margin of sternum IX rounded with numerous minute indentations medially (
<figureCitation box="[1340,1423,1613,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
), shagreen on dorsal side of sternum IX with 8–9 irregular rows of very small denticles parallel to the hind margin (
<figureCitation box="[159,243,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–53" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[217,1370,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48–53. Larval exuvia of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
). Cerci translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1181,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,253,1722,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Egg.</emphasis>
Length: 115–125 μm; width: 40–50 μm. Elongated (
<figureCitation box="[832,915,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
); chorion finely pored with a cap-like epithema (
<figureCitation box="[159,246,1757,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); micropyle small, situated at the subequatorial plane with mouth not broadened (
<figureCitation box="[1193,1279,1757,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
), with visible circular sperm guide (
<figureCitation box="[397,481,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-72@12.[223,1364,1140,1947]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. SEM view of eggs of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1181,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,335,1830,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named in honour of Dr. K.G. Sivaramakrishnan who is the mentor of the authors T. Sivaruban and S. Barathy, who has significantly contributed to the Indian 
<taxonomicName box="[979,1154,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
. The species “ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[1314,1398,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies">
<emphasis box="[1314,1398,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is an abbreviated patronym of Dr. K.G. Sivaramakrishnan, popularly known as “KGS” and hence the species name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,824,1937,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1181,1964]" box="[199,824,1937,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,1937,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
Vaigai river, Madurai, 
<collectingRegion box="[612,747,1937,1963]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[759,820,1937,1963]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773302/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" startId="12.[152,270,1019,1043]" targetBox="[217,1370,181,996]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1019,1115]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,345,1019,1044]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 48–53.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[519,670,1020,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[519,670,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[675,731,1020,1044]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[675,731,1020,1044]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (48) posteromedian process of tergum II; (49) dorsal view of tergalius II; (50) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (51) tergalius III; (52) shape of sternum IX; (53) detail of shagreen field in sternum IX.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773304/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" startId="12.[152,270,1970,1994]" targetBox="[223,1364,1140,1947]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,1970,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,347,1970,1994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 54–57.</emphasis>
SEM view of eggs of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[578,732,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[578,732,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,796,1970,1994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[739,796,1970,1994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (54) entire view; (55) cap-like epithema; (56, 57) closer view of chorion and micropyle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Ecology.</emphasis>
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[420,589,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[420,589,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[595,658,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[595,658,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were collected in the riverine ecosystem with high amount of organic pollution, in which temperature ranges between 25°C–27°C; pH 7.3–7.4. Substratum is mainly made of cobbles and silt. The larvae of the 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[401,571,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[401,571,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[579,644,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[579,644,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
shared their ecological niche with the larvae of 
<taxonomicName box="[1191,1312,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1191,1272,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Cloeon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1327,1428,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,451,257,283]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[199,451,257,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,522,257,283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[458,522,257,283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName box="[536,647,257,283]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,292,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[337,504,292,319]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[337,504,292,319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[509,571,293,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[509,571,293,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from other Oriental species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1086,1164,293,319]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1086,1164,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the darkly pigmented scutellum and bell-shaped prosternal triangle in imago. The larva of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[934,1104,328,354]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaegies" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[934,1104,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis kaegies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1113,1178,328,354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1113,1178,328,354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
closely resembles that of another Indian species, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[456,550,363,390]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limai">
<emphasis box="[456,550,363,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">C. limai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[960,1054,363,390]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limai">
<emphasis box="[960,1054,363,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">C. limai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of bulging in the mesothorax and reduced number of spatulate setae in the transverse row of the forefemur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>