349 lines
38 KiB
XML
349 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="1B9152EA31796899405D772E16699115" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2009n3a1" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10111340" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630273573471" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Boev, Zlatozar & Spassov, Nikolaï" docDate="2009" docId="AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2009.31.3.493-507.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 31 (3)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2009n3a1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:31E0F3CC7BF47EF5E2E3FF4897A85C41.3:Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="31E0F3CC7BF47EF5E2E3FF4897A85C41" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Struthio karatheodoris Forsyth Major 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="500" masterDocId="502E5257FFB9402FB46CFFA8FFAF5734" masterDocTitle="First record of ostriches (Aves, Struthioniformes, Struthionidae) from the late Miocene of Bulgaria with taxonomic and zoogeographic discussion" masterLastPageNumber="507" masterPageNumber="493" pageNumber="498" updateTime="1699685472272" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8ED6B96349E3C0D1F2885DF488645911">
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<mods:title id="C033503255251DF196F8891932FC541E">First record of ostriches (Aves, Struthioniformes, Struthionidae) from the late Miocene of Bulgaria with taxonomic and zoogeographic discussion</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8CB0CFD47A3590CC3523ED2787389511" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB624F2BC4DB6EE40FD715A9EBD2AD5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F4884CDCCA72287CAA3C9792CE16FF6D">Boev, Zlatozar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A88441236FD6C27F614760DFA45ED375">National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Blvd Tzar Osvoboditel, BG- 1000 Sofia (Bulgaria) boev @ nmnh. bas. bg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11A6E776BA5323F36AD616A7A1723C5F" type="email">boev@nmnh.bas.bg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="B37973B206936B6B11524AADC18B0E79" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4066E4A9C1E83E90901162F6A83C9E4B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8C7297546A9F740598EA68117B5AAB5C">Spassov, Nikolaï</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCB29A8C273154FB5AA2FB834899822B">National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Blvd Tzar Osvoboditel, BG- 1000 Sofia (Bulgaria) nspassov @ nmnh. bas. bg ,,.,.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AE092C8DEE52F05BB49D78BAA80C7C82">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="44CF1416887BC6F055BE10B8E765C8D5">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9612AD4829D18D420F7D28044D1BEB36">
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<mods:date id="6B548CA4BDF77514F144EA0D0D8658D6">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6A353203609ABA07F07D00066095EDA7">2009-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1B8456E0F7381465B901308E85B69237">31</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="34ECE1F6F2F7D3062B2E28C5CDEBF5D1">493</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="102B999DC43D563580E7050E088D9102">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2009n3a1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1C06BF17677976938943E48FF5D29AA1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4A20F18F8FD508CFFD6BE72BDCD50936" type="DOI">10.5252/g2009n3a1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E0B9165C9F6102B32C185820FF204395" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5485128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5485128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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<subSubSection id="6CA4C8B2FFBC402AB726FE13FBEB56C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB726FE13FBEB56C1" blockId="5.[842,1120,443,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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<heading id="7F492C55FFBC402AB726FE13FBEB56C1" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC402AB726FE13FBEB56C1" authority="Forsyth Major, 1888" authorityName="Forsyth Major" authorityYear="1888" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karatheodoris">
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<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB726FE13FC0B56E2" bold="true" box="[842,932,443,470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Struthio</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB7A0FE13FBCF56E2" bold="true" box="[972,1120,443,470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">karatheodoris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBC402AB709FE73FBEB56C1" author="FORSYTH MAJOR C." box="[869,1092,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" pagination="1178 - 1181" refId="ref9670" refString="FORSYTH MAJOR C. 1888. - Sur un gisement d'ossements fossiles dans l'ile de Samos, contemporains de l'age de Pikermi. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, Paris, 107: 1178 - 1181." type="journal article" year="1888">Forsyth Major, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6CA4C8B2FFBC402AB6A6FDBBFC6B545F" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB6A6FDBBFB28556B" blockId="5.[713,1247,530,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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<materialsCitation id="94D69164FFBC402AB6A6FDBBFB28556B" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB6A6FDBBFCF4551D" box="[714,859,531,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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||
. —
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||
<typeStatus id="FB05259BFFBC402AB7E8FDBAFB8F551E" box="[900,1056,530,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">Holotypefemur</typeStatus>
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, from Samos 1. Said to be in the Barbey collection (Lambrecht 1933: 100); present location unknown (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBC402AB7BBFDEFFBD3556B" author="MLIKOVSKY" box="[983,1148,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref10391" refString="MLIKOVSKY, J. 2002. - Order Struthioniformes Latham, in Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Praha: 61 - 62." type="book chapter" year="2002">Mlíkovský 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB6A6FDDDFCA35593" blockId="5.[714,1247,629,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB6A6FDDDFCF355BF" box="[714,860,629,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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||
<typeStatus id="FB05259BFFBC402AB6A6FDDDFD5455BE" box="[714,763,629,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">TYPE</typeStatus>
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HORIZON
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</collectionCode>
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||
. — Late Miocene (
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<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB074FDDDFBEB55B9" box="[1048,1092,629,653]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">MN</collectionCode>
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11) (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBC402AB01BFDDDFCAE5593" author="MLIKOVSKY" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref10391" refString="MLIKOVSKY, J. 2002. - Order Struthioniformes Latham, in Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Praha: 61 - 62." type="book chapter" year="2002">Mlíkovský 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB6A6FD15FCB455DB" blockId="5.[713,1248,701,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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||
<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB6A6FD15FCF655E7" box="[714,857,701,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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||
<typeStatus id="FB05259BFFBC402AB6A6FD15FD5455E6" box="[714,763,701,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY
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</collectionCode>
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||
. — Samos 1, Samos Island (southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="5CA9DBA9FFBC402AB6A5FD7FFCBE55DB" box="[713,785,727,751]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Greece</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB6A6FCADFC6B545F" blockId="5.[713,1248,773,876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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||
<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB6A6FCADFD54542E" box="[714,763,773,796]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">NEW</collectionCode>
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||
<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB76DFCA2FCC8542F" box="[769,871,778,795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">DIAGNOSIS</collectionCode>
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||
. — Fossil late Miocene ostrich of large size, only smallerthan
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<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC402AB7F3FCB7FB8D5403" authorityName="Aleksejev" authorityYear="1915" box="[927,1058,799,823]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novorossicus">
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||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB7F3FCB7FB8D5403" box="[927,1058,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">S. novorossicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, more bipedal, with better developed fourth toe; more robust pedal phal. in comparison to
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<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC402AB731FCFCFC115458" authorityName="" (Janoo & Sen" authorityYear="1988" box="[861,958,852,876]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">
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<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB731FCFCFC115458" box="[861,958,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">S. camelus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CA4C8B2FFBC4028B6A6FC2BFDC5549E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB6A6FC2BFCE25212" blockId="5.[712,1249,897,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
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||
<materialsCitation id="94D69164FFBC402AB6A6FC2BFCA054FA" collectionCode="OTHER, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" location="Kalimantsi" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" specimenCode="NMNHS 16371" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectionCode id="42AF03FCFFBC402AB6A6FC2BFC6254AC" box="[714,973,899,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">OTHER MATERIALEXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
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||
<location id="2161CDE2FFBC402AB798FC29FBF354AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E:2161CDE2FFBC402AB798FC29FBF354AD" box="[1012,1116,897,921]" name="Kalimantsi" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Kalimantsi</location>
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||
:tmt. dex. dist. (epiphysis, completearticular end) ad.,
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||
<specimenCode id="74183342FFBC402AB050FC34FB715480" box="[1084,1246,924,948]" collectionCode="NMNHS" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">NMNHS 16371</specimenCode>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8587BCFFBC402AB6A3FC1EFCA854FA" box="[719,775,950,974]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[152,163,1627,1644]" captionTargetBox="[292,1107,258,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[286,1113,251,1574]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Struthio cf. karatheodoris (Sk, right) in comparison to S. camelus (Sc, left): A-C, tmt. dex. dist. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16371), middle Turolian near Kalimantsi village (Blagoevgrard Region,southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 6/2006); A, cranial view; B, distal view; C, lateral view; D-G, phal. 1 dig. 3 ped. sin. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16372), middle Turolian or early-middle Turolian boundary near Hadzhidimovo (Blagoevgrard Region, southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 4/2006); D, distal view; E, dorsal view; F, medial view; G, proximal view. Photographs: Asen Ignatov. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10111344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10111344/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="94D69164FFBC402AB774FC1EFC65530C" collectionCode="NMNHS" county="Turolian" elevation="300" location="Blagoevgrard Region" municipality="Kalimantsi village" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" specimenCode="NMNHS 16372" specimenCount="1">
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||
fromthe middle
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||
<collectingCounty id="CD60E3B5FFBC402AB7D8FC1EFBAA54FA" box="[948,1029,950,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Turolian</collectingCounty>
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||
of the fossiliferous area near
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="C4650143FFBC402AB69BFC79FC0C54DD" box="[759,931,977,1001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Kalimantsi village</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="2161CDE2FFBC402AB7C2FC79FBD354DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E:2161CDE2FFBC402AB7C2FC79FBD354DD" box="[942,1148,977,1001]" county="Turolian" municipality="Kalimantsi village" name="Blagoevgrard Region" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Blagoevgrard Region</location>
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||
, 43.17’N, 27.44’E; UTM grid: NH 59;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB78CFC44FC5F5337" box="[992,1008,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<elevation id="AF937C0AFFBC402AB79FFC43FBCD5337" box="[1011,1122,1003,1027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="300.0">
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<quantity id="E34636DCFFBC402AB79FFC43FB9E5337" box="[1011,1073,1003,1027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
). — Hadzhidimovo: phal. 1 dig. 3 ped. sin. (almost complete) ad.,
|
||
<specimenCode id="74183342FFBC402AB6A7FB88FCDA530C" box="[715,885,1056,1080]" collectionCode="NMNHS" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">NMNHS 16372</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8587BCFFBC402AB7E8FB88FC6D530C" box="[900,962,1056,1080]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[152,163,1627,1644]" captionTargetBox="[292,1107,258,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[286,1113,251,1574]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Struthio cf. karatheodoris (Sk, right) in comparison to S. camelus (Sc, left): A-C, tmt. dex. dist. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16371), middle Turolian near Kalimantsi village (Blagoevgrard Region,southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 6/2006); A, cranial view; B, distal view; C, lateral view; D-G, phal. 1 dig. 3 ped. sin. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16372), middle Turolian or early-middle Turolian boundary near Hadzhidimovo (Blagoevgrard Region, southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 4/2006); D, distal view; E, dorsal view; F, medial view; G, proximal view. Photographs: Asen Ignatov. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10111344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10111344/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="94D69164FFBC402AB7BBFB88FCE75212" county="Turolian" elevation="500" location="Tumbichkite" municipality="Turolian" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Qom">
|
||
from the base of the middle
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CD60E3B5FFBC402AB682FB93FCEE5367" box="[750,833,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Turolian</collectingCounty>
|
||
or the early-middle
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C4650143FFBC402AB061FB93FBCF5367" box="[1037,1120,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Turolian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
boundary at
|
||
<location id="2161CDE2FFBC402AB6A6FBFDFCE85359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E:2161CDE2FFBC402AB6A6FBFDFCE85359" box="[714,839,1109,1133]" county="Turolian" municipality="Turolian" name="Tumbichkite" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" stateProvince="Qom">Tumbichkite</location>
|
||
(HD-2), near the town of
|
||
<location id="2161CDE2FFBC402AB020FBFDFB705359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E:2161CDE2FFBC402AB020FBFDFB705359" box="[1100,1247,1109,1133]" county="Turolian" municipality="Turolian" name="Hadzhidimovo" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" stateProvince="Qom">Hadzhidimovo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="2161CDE2FFBC402AB6BCFBD8FC0C53BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC172A2FFFBC4028B726FE13FDC5549E:2161CDE2FFBC402AB6BCFBD8FC0C53BC" box="[720,931,1136,1160]" county="Turolian" municipality="Turolian" name="Blagoevgrard Region" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" stateProvince="Qom">Blagoevgrard Region</location>
|
||
, 41.30’N, 23.52’E; UTM grid:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E67A55DBFFBC402AB6A0FB22FD595396" box="[716,758,1162,1186]" country="Iran" name="Qom" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">GM</collectingRegion>
|
||
30;
|
||
<elevation id="AF937C0AFFBC402AB749FB22FC335396" box="[805,924,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<quantity id="E34636DCFFBC402AB749FB22FCC85396" box="[805,871,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
). Both sites represent the richest Bulgarian localities of the so-called “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC402AB05CFB0DFB3C5388" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[1072,1171,1189,1212]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB05CFB0DFB3C5388" box="[1072,1171,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-fauna”. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="32B850B0FFBC402AB695FB17FC2153E3" box="[761,910,1215,1239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are morphometrically similar to each other, and theirrelatively closechronostratigraphic position indicates that they are referrable to the same fossil species
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC402AB68DFA81FC80526F" blockId="5.[712,1249,897,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Both specimens were collected in the 1980’s by D. Kovachev.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBC4028B6A6FADAFEEB5537" blockId="5.[712,1249,1393,1735]" lastBlockId="7.[150,685,253,938]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">
|
||
LOCALITIES. — Thefossiliferous area around Kalimantsi village in the Middle Struma basin covers a large region (
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB6BEFA0FFD4D528A" box="[722,738,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="E34636DCFFBC402AB68AFA0EFCB8528A" box="[742,791,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
2) of late Miocene depositsincluding more than 10 known fossil mammal localities (labelled KM sites). Recentbiostratigraphicrevisiondemonstrates thatall KM sites are of Turolian age. KM-1, belonging to the newly established Gradishte lithocomplex, is likely to yield a fauna of early Turolian age, while other KM faunas (referred to the Strumyani Genetic Lithocomplex) are consideredto belong tothe middle Turolian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBC402AB014F9F7FCB551A6" author="TZANKOV TZ & SPASSOV N. & STOYANOV K." pageId="5" pageNumber="498" refId="ref11059" refString="TZANKOV TZ., SPASSOV N. & STOYANOV K. 2005. - Neogene-Quaternary Paleogeography and Geodynamics of the Region of Middle Struma River Valley (South- Western Bulgaria) . Publishing House of the South- Western University " N. Rilski ", Blagoevgrad, 199 p. (in Bulgarian, with English summary)." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Tzankov
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB0A3F9C8FD4E51A6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBC402AB74FF9D2FC7951A6" author="SPASSOV N. & TZANKOV T. & GERAADS D." box="[803,982,1658,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" pagination="477 - 498" refId="ref10942" refString="SPASSOV N., TZANKOV T. & GERAADS D. 2006. - Late Neogene stratigraphy, biochronology, faunal diversity and environments of South-West Bulgaria (Struma river valley). Geodiversitas 28 (3): 477 - 498." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Spassov
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB71CF9D3FC3351A6" box="[880,924,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Themiddle Turolianfauna of KM is presented by
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB7DCF93DFC105198" box="[944,959,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">c.</emphasis>
|
||
10 different localities, which are faunally dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC402AB7BCF907FB9351F2" box="[976,1084,1711,1735]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC402AB7BCF907FBB851F3" box="[976,1047,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBC4028B02AF907FD8F5621" authority="(Roth & Wagner, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="500" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBC4028B02AF907FE895621" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="5" pageNumber="498">Cremohipparion mediterraneum</emphasis>
|
||
(Roth & Wagner, 1855)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B639FF55FE7A561B" authority="(Hensel, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hippotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B639FF55FE9C561B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Hippotherium brachypus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hensel, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and which also contain
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B4AAFE9AFE96567D" box="[198,313,306,329]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragoportax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B4AAFE9AFE96567D" box="[198,313,306,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Tragoportax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B50DFE9AFE16567E" box="[353,441,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">amalthea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B5A5FE9AFE9C5650" authority="(Wagner, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Palaeoreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lindermayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B5A5FE9AFD03567E" box="[457,684,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Palaeoreas lindermayeri</emphasis>
|
||
(Wagner, 1848)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B553FEE4FEB5564A" authority="(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Helladotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duvernoyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B553FEE4FD995650" box="[319,566,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Helladotherium duvernoyi</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B54FFECEFD09564A" authority="(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[291,678,358,383]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Oocystaceae" genus="Bohlinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oocystales" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="attica">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B54FFECEFE01564A" box="[291,430,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Bohlinia attica</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B4FBFE29FD8856AD" authority="(Roth & Wagner, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,551,385,409]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Adcrocuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B4FBFE29FE9656AD" box="[151,313,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Adcrocuta eximia</emphasis>
|
||
(Roth & Wagner, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B65FFE29FED35680" authority="Wagner, 1839" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Mesopithecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentelicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B65FFE29FF405687" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Mesopithecus pentelicus</emphasis>
|
||
Wagner, 1839
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, andother species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBE4028B65DFE34FF6156FA" author="SPASSOV N. & TZANKOV T. & GERAADS D." pageId="7" pageNumber="500" pagination="477 - 498" refId="ref10942" refString="SPASSOV N., TZANKOV T. & GERAADS D. 2006. - Late Neogene stratigraphy, biochronology, faunal diversity and environments of South-West Bulgaria (Struma river valley). Geodiversitas 28 (3): 477 - 498." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Spassov
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B6ECFE34FD025687" box="[640,685,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). NMNHS 16371 comes from horizons of middle Turolian age and is probably slightly younger than NMNHS 16372.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="70C1CBB1FFBF4029B4F4F9F3FD0451F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10111344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10111344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10111344/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" startId="6.[152,163,1627,1644]" targetBox="[292,1107,258,1568]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBF4029B4F4F9F3FD0451F3" blockId="6.[152,1249,1627,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
|
||
FIG. 2. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBF4029B480F9F3FE6F5158" authorityName="Forsyth Major" authorityYear="1888" box="[236,448,1627,1644]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karatheodoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B480F9F3FE815158" box="[236,302,1627,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Struthio</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B523F9F3FE6F5158" box="[335,448,1627,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">karatheodoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sk, right) in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBF4029B6DEF9F3FCA05158" authorityName="" (Janoo & Sen" authorityYear="1988" box="[690,783,1627,1644]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B6DEF9F3FCA05158" box="[690,783,1627,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">S. camelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sc, left):
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B70AF9F3FC275158" bold="true" box="[870,904,1627,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, tmt. dex. dist. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16371), middle Turolian near Kalimantsi village (Blagoevgrard Region,southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 6/2006);
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B045F9DAFB9951B7" bold="true" box="[1065,1078,1650,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
||
, cranial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B0C5F9DAFB1951B7" bold="true" box="[1193,1206,1650,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B48DF920FF4051AD" bold="true" box="[225,239,1672,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">C</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B50CF920FE2C51AD" bold="true" box="[352,387,1672,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">D -G</emphasis>
|
||
, phal. 1 dig. 3 ped. sin. ad., Sk (NMNHS 16372), middle Turolian or early-middle Turolian boundary near Hadzhidimovo (Blagoevgrard Region, southwestern Bulgaria) and Sc (NMNHS 4/2006);
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B701F937FCD45184" bold="true" box="[877,891,1695,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">D</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B789F937FC5E5184" bold="true" box="[997,1009,1695,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">E</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B00FF937FBC15184" bold="true" box="[1123,1134,1695,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">F</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBF4029B4F4F91EFF0951F3" bold="true" box="[152,166,1718,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">G</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view. Photographs: Asen Ignatov. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="24019B39FFBE4028B4C2FDADFDC5549E" blockId="7.[150,685,253,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
Hadzhidimovo is a late Miocene site with three fossil vertebrate localities: HD-1, HD-2 (Tumbichkite) and HD-3. The main locality, HD-1 (from which more than 30 mammal species have been reported), is dated to the MN 11/12 boundary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBE4028B5DAFDC7FD9155B3" author="SPASSOV N." box="[438,574,623,647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" pagination="69 - 81" refId="ref10904" refString="SPASSOV N. 2002. - The Turolian Megafauna of West Bulgaria and the character of the late Miocene " Pikermian biome ". Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 41 (1): 69 - 81." type="journal article" year="2002">Spassov 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The other two localities could be of slightly different age; HD-2 is several tensof metres higher thanthe level of HD-1. The fauna of the locality consists of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B5B8FD16FDEE55E2" box="[468,577,702,726]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B5B8FD16FDB455E2" box="[468,539,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B621FD16FEBA55C5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B621FD16FEBE55C5" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Palaeoreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lindermayeri">Palaeoreas lindermayeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B577FD72FD0955C5" authority="(Schlosser, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Schlosser" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[283,678,729,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragoportax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B577FD72FE5955C5" box="[283,502,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Tragoportax rugosifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlosser, 1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B4FBFD5BFE2E543F" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,385,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Helladotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duvernoyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B4FBFD5BFE2E543F" box="[151,385,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Helladotherium duvernoyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B5E7FD5BFE5F543F" box="[395,496,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B5E7FD5BFE49543F" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[395,486,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipparion</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B59DFD5BFD02543F" box="[497,685,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B59DFD5BFD2D543F" box="[497,642,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Cremohipparion</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B49BFCA7FEC35412" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[247,364,782,806]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hippotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B49BFCA7FEC35412" box="[247,364,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">H. brachypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B5F4FCA6FD935412" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[408,572,782,806]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B5F4FCA6FD935412" box="[408,572,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B622FCA6FD8D5474" authority="(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Ancylotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentelicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B622FCA6FE815474" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Ancylotherium pentelicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B646FC80FE02546F" authority="Stefanescu, 1892" authorityName="Stefanescu" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantissimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B646FC80FEBD546E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Deinotherium gigantissimum</emphasis>
|
||
Stefanescu,1892
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B5BAFCEBFE2F5441" authority="(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Choerolophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentelici">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B5BAFCEBFD03546F" box="[470,684,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Choerolophodonpentelici</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudry & Lartet, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Theoccurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B659FCF6FF0054BB" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Palaeoreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lindermayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B659FCF6FF0054BB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">P. lindermayeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3BEE0BAFFBE4028B4B0FCD0FEEC54A4" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry & Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[220,323,888,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Choerolophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentelici">
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B4B0FCD0FEEC54A4" box="[220,323,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">C. pentelici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further suggeststhat HD-2 is younger than HD-1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBE4028B57EFC3AFE61549E" author="GERAADS D. & SPASSOV N. & KOVACHEV D." box="[274,462,914,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" pagination="405 - 415" refId="ref9708" refString="GERAADS D., SPASSOV N. & KOVACHEV D. 2003. - Palaeoreas lindermayeri (Wagner, 1848) from the upper Miocene of Bulgaria, and a revision of the species. Geodiversitas 25 (2): 405 - 415." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Geraads
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA472BFFBE4028B50BFC3BFE3A549E" box="[359,405,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="402FE6C8FFBE4028B5B4FC3AFDF0549E" author="MARKOV G." box="[472,607,914,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" pagination="1 - 217" refId="ref10045" refString="MARKOV G. 2004. - [The Fossil Proboscideans (Proboscidea, Mammalia) of Bulgaria]. Ph. D. Thesis. NMNHS, Sofia: 1 - 217 (in Bulgarian with English summary)." type="book chapter" year="2004">Markov 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |