402 lines
59 KiB
XML
402 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="FAD06C032329503620B58EF807D1CBDF" ID-DOI="10.1093/jmammal/gyaa147" ID-ISSN="0022-2372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10632423" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707335771654" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pardiñas, Ulyses F J, Curay, Jenny, Brito, Jorge & Cañón, Carola" docDate="2021" docId="2D6B5219D76DFFC9FEF21C18FB25FC7C" docLanguage="en" docName="JMammal.102.1.155-172.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Mammalogy (J. Mammal.) 102 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa147" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8488A0FD6434D222CC79ECAD85E66EFE.4:JMammal.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="8488A0FD6434D222CC79ECAD85E66EFE" docStyleName="JMammal.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Neomicroxini Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón 2021, new tribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="D1522A61D764FFC2FFD91D11FF8FFFDC" masterDocTitle="A unique cricetid experiment in the northern high-Andean Páramos deserves tribal recognition" masterLastPageNumber="172" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1708111878887" updateUser="karina">
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<mods:title id="8989439598A9ED4D0A530642457B3222">A unique cricetid experiment in the northern high-Andean Páramos deserves tribal recognition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B2DD140D5E0AB056FBEF1DFC81ACB1C">Pardiñas, Ulyses F J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E5E9B594C4DF46DB238F0055FB1D8BC">Curay, Jenny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3049A1A1707446D1B600171F56A73A2">Brito, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2246763C634E115E78B520D3BC742702">Cañón, Carola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A2151A29FB6CFB3FE6467C9749098878">Journal of Mammalogy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FC8B8AC5CA1589775BA06AB3FA3A08E8">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="D9C0201EEA979EF4DA645DAB506BC4E5">J. Mammal.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="F2DF966B401A54B059ABE022E347751A">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37899D5AB9D28E80F2573B5091E9A249">102</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2D6B5219D76DFFC9FEF21C18FB25FC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D6B5219D76DFFC9FEF21C18FB25FC7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D6B5219D76DFFC9FEF21C18FB25FC7C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76DFFCBFEF21C18FDB2FEFC" box="[299,573,265,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76DFFCBFEF21C18FDB2FEFC" blockId="9.[101,771,233,704]" box="[299,573,265,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="FE355463D76DFFCBFEF21C18FDB2FEFC" bold="true" box="[299,573,265,288]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFEF21C18FDB2FEFC" bold="true" box="[299,573,265,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFEF21C18FE49FEFC" authority="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón, 2021" authorityName="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón" authorityYear="2021" box="[299,454,265,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Neomicroxini">Neomicroxini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8C858266D76DFFCBFE0B1C18FDB2FEFC" box="[466,573,265,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76DFFCBFE801C38FD80FE9C" box="[345,527,297,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76DFFCBFE801C38FD80FE9C" blockId="9.[101,771,233,704]" box="[345,527,297,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3DF9FF8AD76DFFCBFEBB1C38FE4AFE9C" box="[354,453,297,320]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[101,136,1339,1360]" captionStartId-1="4.[144,179,1842,1863]" captionStartId-2="5.[101,136,1407,1428]" captionStartId-3="6.[144,179,969,990]" captionStartId-4="6.[861,896,1189,1210]" captionTargetBox-0="[116,1472,202,1324]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1516,202,1827]" captionTargetBox-2="[116,1473,202,1392]" captionTargetBox-3="[167,793,224,949]" captionTargetBox-4="[865,1528,200,1175]" captionTargetId-0="figure-332@3.[114,1474,200,1326]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@4.[157,1518,200,1829]" captionTargetId-2="figure-225@5.[114,1475,200,1394]" captionTargetId-3="figure-487@6.[147,810,200,956]" captionTargetId-4="figure-517@6.[865,1528,200,1175]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1.—Selected anatomical regions in the cranium of Neomicroxus: (A) rostrum in lateral right view (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (B) rostrum anterior opening (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (C) diastemal palate (N. latebricola; MECN 9803); (D) right zygomatic plate (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715)." captionText-1="Fig. 2.—Selected anatomical regions in the cranium of Neomicroxus: (A) zygomatic notch complex in dorsal right view (N. latebricola; MEPN 9803); (B) left infraorbital foramen in frontal view (N. latebricola; MECN 6136); (C) cross section of the cranium at the frontal sinuses plane (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (D) cross section of the cranium at the rostral anterior level (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715). Acronyms: etI = ethmoturbinal I; etII = ethmoturbinal II; etIII = ethmoturbinal III; ft1 = frontoturbinal 1; ft2 = frontoturbinal 2; it = interturbinal; ls = lamina semicircularis; mt = maxilloturbinal; nt = nasoturbinal." captionText-2="Fig. 3.—Selected anatomical regions in the cranium of Neomicroxus: (A) basicranial and temporal regions in internal right view (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (B) left temporal region in lateral view (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (C) detail of the left temporal region showing foramina associated to carotid circulation (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715). Acronyms: aalc = anterior opening of alisphenoid canal; ect = ectotympanic; fo = foramen ovale; hp = hamular process of squamosal; mbt = trough for masticatory–buccinator nerve; palc = posterior opening of alisphenoid canal; pet = petrosal; pgf = postglenoid foramen; sag = squamosal–alisphenoid groove; sfr = sphenofrontal foramen; ssf = subsquamosal fenestra; stc = stapedial artery canal; stg = groove for stapedial artery." captionText-3="Fig. 4.—Morphology of the dentary in Neomicroxus (based on the right hemimandible of N. latebricola; MEPN 12715): (A) labial view; (B) anterolateral view; (C) lingual view." captionText-4="Fig. 5.—Molars and teeth roots in Neomicroxus: (A) left upper toothrow in lingual view (N.latebricola; MEPN 9803); (B) right lower toothrow in lingual view (N. latebricola; MEPN 9803); (C) roots of left upper molars (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715); (D) roots of right lower molars (N. latebricola; MEPN 12715)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632425" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632427" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632429" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632431" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632433" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10632425/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10632427/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10632429/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10632431/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10632433/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="3DF9FF8AD76DFFCBFE201C38FD89FE9C" box="[505,518,297,320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[101,136,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[121,1473,767,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-277@9.[114,1475,765,1878]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 8.—Selected external and soft anatomy traits in Neomicroxus: (A, B) dorsal and plantar view of right forefoot (N. latebricola; MECN 3727); (C, D) dorsal and plantar view of right hindfoot (N. latebricola; MECN 3727); (E) soft palate showing diastemal (d) and interdental (i) rugae (N. latebricola; MECN 5605); (F) gross internal morphology of the dorsal half of the stomach (N. latebricola; MECN 3789). Acronyms: b = bordering fold; co = cornified epithelium; d = duodenum; e = esophagus; ge = glandular epithelium; i = incisura angularis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10632439/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76DFFCBFF591C58FEF2FE5C" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76DFFCBFF591C58FEF2FE5C" blockId="9.[101,771,233,704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFF591C58FD88FEBC" box="[128,519,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<typeStatus id="7A795DADD76DFFCBFF591C58FF3DFEBC" box="[128,178,329,352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
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genus, by present designation.—
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFDDE1C58FEF9FE5C" authority="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia" authorityYear="2013" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFDDE1C58FD1BFEBC" box="[519,660,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
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Alvarado-Serrano and D’Elía, 2013
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76DFFC8FF591C98FE04FAFC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76DFFC8FF591C98FE58FB3C" blockId="9.[101,771,233,704]" lastBlockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFF591C98FE85FE7C" box="[128,266,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
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A tribe of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFDC91C98FD3BFE7C" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" box="[528,692,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sigmodontinae">Sigmodontinae</taxonomicName>
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, “clade Oryzomyalia” (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76DFFCBFE951CB8FD9BFE1C" author="STEPPAN, S. J. & R. M. ASKINS & J. ANDERSON" box="[332,532,425,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" pagination="533 - 553" refId="ref13389" refString="STEPPAN, S. J., R. M. ASKINS, AND J. ANDERSON. 2004. Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes. Systematic Biology 53: 533 - 553." type="journal article" year="2004">Steppan et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) grouping small-sized cricetids (head and body length ~
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<quantity id="623A4EEAD76DFFCBFE031CD8FDA3FE3C" box="[474,556,457,480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
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; body mass ~
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<quantity id="623A4EEAD76DFFCBFD111CD8FD75FE3C" box="[712,762,457,480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="g" value="17.0">17 g</quantity>
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) characterized by the following combination of morphological traits: small head and minute eyes, ears small (~
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<quantity id="623A4EEAD76DFFCBFD7F1F18FD78FDFC" box="[678,759,521,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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), rounded, semihidden by head fur; dorsal fur long (~
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<quantity id="623A4EEAD76DFFCBFD7C1F38FD78FD9C" box="[677,759,553,576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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), dense, soft but not woolly, from grizzled to dark chestnut or rufous, blackish brown, belly slightly paler, scarcely countershaded; tail long (~
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<quantity id="623A4EEAD76DFFCBFEE81F98FEF0FD7C" box="[305,383,649,672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
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) slightly shorter than head and body length, covered by short hairs; manus and pes with moderately pointed claws at the ends of the toes; palmar pad composed of five pads with digits stocky and subequal in length; plantar pad composed of six pads with a large hypothenar pad, squamate surface, and with the ungual tufts surpassing the end of the claws; three pairs of mammary glands arranged in pectoral, abdominal, and inguinal, pairs; skull delicate, with domed profile, rostrum pointed with short “nasal-tube” and globular noteworthy braincase; conspicuous nasolacrimal capsules and foramina; shallow zygomatic notches; interorbital region broad and smooth; zygomatic plate low, poorly developed, almost without free upper border, but with a noticeable masseteric tubercle; infraorbital foramen ovoid, not-constricted basally; incisive foramina broad, reaching posteriorly the first upper molar protocones; palate short (
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFBE41F78FB5FFD5C" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1085,1232,617,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFBE41F78FB5FFD5C" box="[1085,1232,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. latebricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or long (
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFAEE1F78FA48FD5C" box="[1335,1479,617,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
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||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFAEE1F78FA48FD5C" box="[1335,1479,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and wide; toothrows parallel; broad mesopterygoid fossa and parapterygoid plates; temporal region enlarged with long and thin hamular process of the squamosal applied to a robust mastoid promontorium; tegmen tympani overlapping suspensory process of squamosal; alisphenoid strut absent; carotid circulatory pattern
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<typeStatus id="7A795DADD76EFFC8FEBF1C38FE1BFE9C" box="[358,404,297,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
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1 (stapedial foramen, sphenofrontal foramen, and squamosal–alisphenoid groove, all present); auditory capsules inflated with very short Eustachian tubes; large mastoid capsules; large and rounded foramen magnum directed ventrally; dentary slender and low, with the ascending ramus strongly displaced backwards leaving all the molars laterally well-exposed; capsular process of the incisor root absent; short and pointed angular process; orthodont (in
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FDB71F18FC89FDFC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[622,774,521,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
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<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FDB71F18FC89FDFC" box="[622,774,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) to opisthodont (in
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<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FEE01F38FE45FD9C" box="[313,458,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FEE01F38FE45FD9C" box="[313,458,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) gracile and ungrooved upper incisors; molars hypsodont, with crested coronal surfaces, main cusps opposite, and noticeable basal cingulum closing the main flexus/ids; anterocone of M1 with two well-developed and subequal size conulids; anterolophs and mesolophs barely present (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FECA1FD8FE25FD3C" box="[275,426,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FECA1FD8FE25FD3C" box="[275,426,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or fused (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FD8B1FD8FD63FD3C" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[594,748,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FD8B1FD8FD63FD3C" box="[594,748,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); M3 small but bilobed (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE521FF8FDAEFCDC" box="[395,545,745,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FE521FF8FDAEFCDC" box="[395,545,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or tending to peg-like form (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FF241E18FE17FCFC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[253,408,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF241E18FE17FCFC" box="[253,408,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mesolophids typically reduced or absent; m3 anteriorly–posteriorly compressed; upper molars three-rooted; lower molars two-rooted; axial skeleton typically composed of 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 4 sacral, and 23–25 caudal vertebral elements; axis with squared spinous process; second thoracic with markedly enlarged dorsal process; stomach unilocular–hemiglandular, with both
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A795DADD76EFFC8FD5A1ED8FD34FC3C" box="[643,699,969,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of epithelium subequally distributed (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE2D1EF8FD02FBDC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[500,653,1001,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FE2D1EF8FD02FBDC" box="[500,653,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); gall bladder present (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FEC91918FE29FBFC" box="[272,422,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FEC91918FE29FBFC" box="[272,422,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or absent (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FD8B1918FD65FBFC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[594,746,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FD8B1918FD65FBFC" box="[594,746,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); soft palate with three complete diastemal and five incomplete interdental rugae (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FEB91958FE79FBBC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[352,502,1097,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FEB91958FE79FBBC" box="[352,502,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); two pairs of basal prostate glands (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FEDD1978FE18FB5C" box="[260,407,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FEDD1978FE18FB5C" box="[260,407,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FE301978FDF2FB5C" author="THOMAS, O." box="[489,637,1129,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="55 - 60" refId="ref13469" refString="THOMAS, O. 1895. On small mammals from Nicaragua and Bogota. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 th Series 16: 55 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1895">Thomas 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FD521978FCA9FB5C" author="ANTHONY, H. E." box="[651,806,1129,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref10296" refString="ANTHONY, H. E. 1924. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mammals. American Museum Novitates 139: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1924">Anthony 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FF491998FEEFFB7C" author="GYLDENSTOLPE, N." box="[144,352,1161,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref11123" refString="GYLDENSTOLPE, N. 1932. A manual of Neotropical sigmodont rodents. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Stockholm (Series 3) 11: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Gyldenstolpe 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FEAD1998FD98FB7C" author="ELLERMAN, J. R." box="[372,535,1161,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref10957" refString="ELLERMAN, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 2. Family Muridae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Ellerman 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Voss and Linzey 1981;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FF4919B8FE8BFB1C" author="REIG, O." box="[144,260,1193,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref12926" refString="REIG, O. 1987. An assessment of the systematics and evolution of the Akodontini, with the description of new fossil species of Akodon (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae). Pp. 347 - 399 in Studies in Neotropical mammalogy: essays in honor of Philip Hershkovitz (B. D. Patterson and R. M. Timm, eds.). Fieldiana, Zoology, New Series 39." type="book" year="1987">Reig 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FEC119B8FE04FB1C" author="VOSS, R. S." box="[280,395,1193,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref13988" refString="VOSS, R. S. 1991. An introduction to the Neotropical muroid rodent genus Zygodontomys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 210: 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1991">Voss 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FE4619B8FE5BFB1C" author="VOSS, R. S." box="[415,468,1193,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14054" refString="VOSS, R. S. 2003. A new species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental. American Museum Novitates 3421: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Alvarado-Serrano and D’Elía 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FF0A19D8FEDFFB3C" author="CURAY, J." box="[211,336,1225,1248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref10822" refString="CURAY, J. 2019. Caracterizacion morfometrica y modelamiento distribucional de Neomicroxus latebricola (Rodentia: Cricetidae) en el Ecuador. Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Nacional del Centro. Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2019">Curay 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1BDB387D76DFFCBFFBC1A72FB52F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10632439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10632439/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" startId="9.[101,136,1891,1912]" targetBox="[121,1473,767,1876]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76DFFCBFFBC1A72FB52F80C" blockId="9.[101,1488,1891,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFFBC1A72FF2BF8A4" bold="true" box="[101,164,1891,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
—Selected external and soft anatomy traits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFD841A72FD54F8A4" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia" authorityYear="2013" box="[605,731,1891,1912]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFD841A72FD54F8A4" box="[605,731,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A, B) dorsal and plantar view of right forefoot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFB6C1A72FAB5F8A4" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1205,1338,1891,1912]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFB6C1A72FAB5F8A4" box="[1205,1338,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; MECN 3727); (C, D) dorsal and plantar view of right hindfoot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFD931A90FD5FF84A" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[586,720,1921,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFD931A90FD5FF84A" box="[586,720,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; MECN 3727); (E) soft palate showing diastemal (d) and interdental (i) rugae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFFB41A8FFF7DF86F" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[109,242,1950,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFFB41A8FFF7DF86F" box="[109,242,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; MECN 5605); (F) gross internal morphology of the dorsal half of the stomach (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76DFFCBFC2C1A8FFBF5F86F" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1013,1146,1950,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76DFFCBFC2C1A8FFBF5F86F" box="[1013,1146,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; MECN 3789). Acronyms: b = bordering fold; co = cornified epithelium; d = duodenum; e = esophagus; ge = glandular epithelium; i = incisura angularis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1BDB387D76EFFC8FC84197BFC38FB41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10632441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10632441/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" startId="10.[861,896,1130,1151]" targetBox="[865,1527,200,1117]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC8FC84197BFC38FB41" blockId="10.[861,1531,1130,1181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FC84197BFC12FBA3" bold="true" box="[861,925,1130,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FC6F197BFBB1FBA3" authority="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón, 2021" authorityName="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón" authorityYear="2021" box="[950,1086,1130,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Neomicroxini">Neomicroxini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: current schematic geographic range in South America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC8FF7219F8FE04FAFC" blockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF7219F8FE92FADC" box="[171,285,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Content.—</emphasis>
|
||
A single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE0019F8FE08FAFC" authority="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013: 1008" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013:" authorityPageNumber="1008" authorityYear="1008" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FE0019F8FDEAFADC" box="[473,613,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarado-Serrano and D’Elía, 2013:1008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76EFFC8FF721838FC9BF9DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC8FF721838FEE0FA3C" blockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF721838FE5BFA9C" box="[171,468,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Geographic distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE0A1838FDE8FA9C" authority="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón, 2021" authorityName="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón" authorityYear="2021" box="[467,615,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Neomicroxini">Neomicroxini</taxonomicName>
|
||
rodents are distributed along high-Andean (typically above
|
||
<quantity id="623A4EEAD76EFFC8FD531858FD68FABC" box="[650,743,1353,1376]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FF491878FF7EFA5C" authorityName="Bollman" authorityYear="1893" box="[144,241,1385,1408]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF491878FF7EFA5C" box="[144,241,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests and shrubland–grassland Páramo environments from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FE5F1898FE6EFA7C" box="[390,481,1417,1440]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FD8B1898FD34FA7C" box="[594,699,1417,1440]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FF2F18B8FEEBFA1C" box="[246,356,1449,1472]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FE5818B8FD95FA1C" author="LINARES, O. J." box="[385,538,1449,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref11674" refString="LINARES, O. J. 1998. Mamiferos de Venezuela. Sociedad Conservationista Audubon de Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela." type="book" year="1998">Linares 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Alvarado-Serrano and D’Elía 2015;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DF9FF8AD76EFFC8FEF818D8FED0FA3C" box="[289,351,1481,1504]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[861,896,1130,1151]" captionTargetBox="[865,1527,200,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-705@10.[865,1527,200,1117]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 9.—Neomicroxini: current schematic geographic range in South America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10632441/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC8FF7218F8FC9BF9DC" blockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" box="[171,788,1513,1536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF7218F8FEA4F9DC" box="[171,299,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Biochron.—</emphasis>
|
||
Recent in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FE4E18F8FE7DF9DC" box="[407,498,1513,1536]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FE2518F8FDE7F9DC" box="[508,616,1513,1536]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76EFFC8FD4718F8FC80F9DC" box="[670,783,1513,1536]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDD8B084D76EFFC9FF721B18FB25FC7C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC8FF721B18FD55F85C" blockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF721B18FEA8F9FC" box="[171,295,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Remarks.—</emphasis>
|
||
Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE5F1B18FD95F9FC" authority="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón, 2021" authorityName="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón" authorityYear="2021" box="[390,538,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Neomicroxini">Neomicroxini</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains the single genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FF491B38FE93F99C" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013:" authorityYear="1008" box="[144,284,1577,1600]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF491B38FE93F99C" box="[144,284,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the diagnosis constructed for it (Alvarado-Serrano and D’Elía 2013:1008) should be sufficient to diagnosis the tribe, by monotypy. However, we prefer to provide a more comprehensive diagnosis to also incorporate soft anatomy and postcranial skeleton and to add a more accurate description of molars.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FF3E1BD8FEC4F93C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[231,331,1737,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF3E1BD8FEC4F93C" box="[231,331,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Microxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a classic Latin or Greek word; etymologically, it probably highlights the small (micr-) and pointed (oxys) rostrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FE971A18FE1BF8FC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[334,404,1801,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Akodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FE971A18FE1BF8FC" box="[334,404,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">mimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their genotype. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FD7B1A18FCA1F8FC" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013:" authorityYear="1008" box="[674,814,1801,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FD7B1A18FCA1F8FC" box="[674,814,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a neologism composed by the prefix “Neo” (new) and the generic epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FEC01A58FEF2F8BC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[281,381,1865,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FEC01A58FEF2F8BC" box="[281,381,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Microxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name of the tribe is derived from the addition of the tribal ending -ini, hence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76EFFC8FDE71A78FD59F85C" authority="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón, 2021" authorityName="Pardiñas & Curay & Brito & Cañón" authorityYear="2021" box="[574,726,1897,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Neomicroxini">Neomicroxini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76EFFC9FF721A9BFDA5FEBC" blockId="10.[144,814,201,1985]" lastBlockId="11.[101,771,201,448]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76EFFC8FF721A9BFCA2F87D" box="[171,813,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Hypsodonty and volcanic ash fall in the northern Andes.—</emphasis>
|
||
Sigmodontines display varied morphological contrivances to increase the functional longevity of their molars. According to the traditional view of the subfamily’s evolution, low-crowned (= brachydont) founding population(s) radiated into a remarkable diversity of medium- (“mesodont”) to high-crowned (hypsodont) taxa to face the abrasiveness of South American environments, particularly during the transition from forests to grasslands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FC22189CFB35FA78" author="HERSHKOVITZ, P." box="[1019,1210,1421,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 524" refId="ref11209" refString="HERSHKOVITZ, P. 1962. Evolution of Neotropical cricetine rodents (Muridae) with special reference to the phyllotine group. Fieldiana, Zoology 46: 1 - 524." type="journal article" year="1962">Hershkovitz 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the topic remains problematic, despite hypsodonty perhaps being the key innovation droving diversification.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FB6518DCFAF3FA38" author="MADDEN, R. H." box="[1212,1404,1485,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref11749" refString="MADDEN, R. H. 2015. Hypsodonty in mammals - evolution, geomorphology, and the role of Earth surface processes. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2015">Madden’s (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
integrative approach to understanding hypsodonty and its causes over the entire sigmodontine radiation demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of hypsodont taxa among folivores and herbivores in faunas occurring on andisols (volcanic ash soils), particularly in montane environments. This fact presumably reflects the increased mobility of abrasive minerals (in particular, tephras) as contaminants in mammalian foodstuffs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FC841BDCFB8AF938" author="MADDEN, R. H." box="[861,1029,1741,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref11749" refString="MADDEN, R. H. 2015. Hypsodonty in mammals - evolution, geomorphology, and the role of Earth surface processes. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2015">Madden (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explored the possible contribution of ash-rich vulcanism and mountain uplift in the Cenozoic by analyzing the association among hypsodont sigmodontines, active volcanoes, duststorms, and glaciers, as potential sources. He concluded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76EFFC8FC6E1A5CFB16F8B8" author="MADDEN, R. H." box="[951,1177,1869,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref11749" refString="MADDEN, R. H. 2015. Hypsodonty in mammals - evolution, geomorphology, and the role of Earth surface processes. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2015">Madden 2015:79–80</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that “hypsodonty is a complex phenomenon involving correlations with herbivorous diets, large-scale climate variation in temperature and rainfall, and both the sources of sediment and the surface processes that mobilize environmental abrasives through the animal’s environment.” He found a clear association between a core of sigmodontine hypsodonty and the “Northern Volcanic Zone– NVZ in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76FFFC9FEF61C38FE17FE9C" box="[303,408,297,320]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76FFFC9FE0F1C38FDA0FE9C" box="[470,559,297,320]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(between 7ºN and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C0F685C8D76FFFC9FFBC1C58FF11FEBC" box="[101,158,329,352]" degrees="0.5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" precision="5555" value="-0.5">0.5ºS</geoCoordinate>
|
||
latitude)” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FEC01C58FE23FEBC" author="MADDEN, R. H." box="[281,428,329,352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref11749" refString="MADDEN, R. H. 2015. Hypsodonty in mammals - evolution, geomorphology, and the role of Earth surface processes. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2015">Madden 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:figure 3.8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76FFFC9FF591C78FD76FE1C" blockId="11.[101,771,201,448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
|
||
The Northern Volcanic Zone concentrates several of the most important examples of active and extinct volcanoes in South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FF081CB8FEB5FE1C" author="HALL, M. L." box="[209,314,425,448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref11152" refString="HALL, M. L. 1977. El volcanismo en e 1 Ecuador. Instituto Panamericano de Geografia Historica. Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1977">Hall 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to Hall and Calle (1982:235)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76FFFC9FF591CF8FE04FC1C" blockId="11.[128,744,489,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">the most evident indication of magmatic activity during the Pleistocene and Holocene are the numerous large stratovolcanoes, both extinct and active, that cap the northern Andes. These volcanoes form two principal parallelrowsthatextendfromtheColombianbordersouthward to about latitude 2°30’S, south of which they are absent... The western row, that forms the Western Cordillera, includes the volcanoes Chimborazo, Carihuairazu, Quilotoa, Iliniza, Corazón, Atacazo, Pichincha, Pululahua, Cotacachi, Cuicocha, Yana–urcu, and Chiles. The eastern row, that crests the Cordillera Real, includes the volcanoes Sangay, Altar, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Sincholagua, Antisana, Las Puntas, and Cayambe. Between the two volcanic rows, the Interandean Valley contains somewhat more eroded volcanoes...</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A57DE30FD76FFFC9FFBC1EF8FB25FC7C" blockId="11.[101,772,1001,1696]" lastBlockId="11.[819,1489,201,928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Plio-Pleistocene ash fall deposits cover much of the Andes, including the Interandean Valley, and have been largely recognized in classic geological formations as the Cangahua Formation, a thick sequence of ash material (Hall and Calle 1982;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FF731978FEFBFB5C" author="MOTHES, P. A. & M. L. HALL & R. J. JANDA" box="[170,372,1129,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="233 - 244" refId="ref12057" refString="MOTHES, P. A., M. L. HALL, AND R. J. JANDA. 1998. The enormous Chillos Valley Lahar: an ash-flow-generated debris flow from Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador. Bulletin of Volcanology 59: 233 - 244." type="journal article" year="1998">Mothes et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An explosive period of widespread vulcanism, beginning in Late Pliocene and increased during the Plio-Pleistocene interval, accompanied the rise of both cordilleras in the Ecuadorian Andes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FE0619D8FD7CFB3C" author="HUNGERBUHLER, D." box="[479,755,1225,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="75 - 124" refId="ref11413" refString="HUNGERBUHLER, D., ET AL. 2002. Neogene stratigraphy and Andean geodynamics of southern Ecuador. Earth-Science Reviews 57: 75 - 124." type="journal article" year="2002">Hungerbühler et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is tempting to connect hypsodonty in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FDCE19F8FD2CFADC" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013:" authorityYear="1008" box="[535,675,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FDCE19F8FD2CFADC" box="[535,675,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the continuous ash fall in northern Andes during the Neogene. The emergence of a small-bodied, markedly high-crowned lineage of sigmodontines as an evolutionary response to an increasing tephra input in the context of Andean orogeny is rather speculative. However, additional facts provide some support for this hypothesis. For example, hypsodonty is less developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FF2318D8FE01FA3C" box="[250,398,1481,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Necromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FF2318D8FE01FA3C" box="[250,398,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">N. bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FE1618D8FDE9FA3C" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[463,614,1481,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FE1618D8FDE9FA3C" box="[463,614,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this species occurs in areas where Neogene ash fall has been more limited (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FF1B1B18FE1FF9FC" author="SORIANO, P. J. & A. DIAZ DE PASCUAL & J. OCHOA & M. AGUILERA" box="[194,400,1545,1568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="17 - 25" refId="ref13275" refString="SORIANO, P. J., A. DIAZ DE PASCUAL, J. OCHOA G., AND M. AGUILERA. 1999. Biogeographic analysis of the mammal communities in the Venezuelan Andes. Interciencia 24: 17 - 25." type="journal article" year="1999">Soriano et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FDFE1B18FD32F9FC" baseAuthorityName="Anthony" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[551,701,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FDFE1B18FD32F9FC" box="[551,701,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">N. latebricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, but unsystematic observations suggest that the species is a surface-dweller, feeding on plant material, roots, and few invertebrates, and, therefore, ingesting abrasive soil particles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FFB71B98FF6DF97C" author="BRITO, J." box="[110,226,1673,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref10541" refString="BRITO, J. 2013. Composicion y abundancia de los pequenos mamiferos terrestres en dos tipos de habitats (Paramo de Frailejon y bosque de Polylepis) en la Reserva Ecologica El Angel, Carchi - Ecuador. Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2013">Brito 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, it is striking to note that some tendency to high-crowned molars is present in other taxa that share the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76FFFC9FC411DF8FC7EFEDC" box="[920,1009,233,256]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
high-Andean ranges with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FAC71DF8FA25FEDC" authorityName="Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elia, 2013:" authorityYear="1008" box="[1310,1450,233,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neomicroxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FAC71DF8FA25FEDC" box="[1310,1450,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Neomicroxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in particular, several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FB5E1C18FA9DFEFC" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1884" box="[1159,1298,265,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FB5E1C18FA9DFEFC" box="[1159,1298,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Thomasomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although these sigmodontines are mainly treated as brachydont (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FAA11C38FCE7FEBC" author="PACHECO, V. R." pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref12291" refString="PACHECO, V. R. 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of the Thomasomyini (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae) based on morphological data. Ph. D. dissertation, City University of New York. New York." type="book" year="2003">Pacheco 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a moderate degree of hypsodonty is found in several other Ecuadorian species. When diagnosing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FAD61C78FAF8FE5C" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="2003" box="[1295,1399,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucucha">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FAD61C78FAF8FE5C" box="[1295,1399,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">T. ucucha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a high-Andean (crest of the Cordillera Oriental between ca. 3,400 and
|
||
<quantity id="623A4EEAD76FFFC9FCB91CB8FC36FE1C" box="[864,953,425,448]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="3700.0">3,700 m</quantity>
|
||
) species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FBFB1CB8FB4BFE1C" author="VOSS, R. S." box="[1058,1220,425,448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14054" refString="VOSS, R. S. 2003. A new species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental. American Museum Novitates 3421: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss (2003:10)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted “small, hypsodont molars lacking well-developed cingula and stylar cusps” and then “hypsodont [molars] when unworn (by comparison with more brachydont congeners)” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FB5F1F18FA95FDFC" author="VOSS, R. S." box="[1158,1306,521,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14054" refString="VOSS, R. S. 2003. A new species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental. American Museum Novitates 3421: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss 2003:11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In resurrecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FCEA1F38FB51FD9C" authority="Anthony, 1924" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1924" box="[819,1246,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinnameus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FCEA1F38FBB7FD9C" box="[819,1080,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Thomasomys cinnameus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FBE61F38FB51FD9C" author="ANTHONY, H. E." box="[1087,1246,553,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref10296" refString="ANTHONY, H. E. 1924. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mammals. American Museum Novitates 139: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1924">Anthony, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another high-Andean Ecuadorian form and one of the smallest known species of the genus (known masses range from
|
||
<quantity id="623A4EEAD76FFFC9FAD11F78FA0DFD5C" box="[1288,1410,617,640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" unit="g" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">14 to 19 g</quantity>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FA471F78FCE7FD7C" author="VOSS, R. S." pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14054" refString="VOSS, R. S. 2003. A new species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental. American Museum Novitates 3421: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:table 5),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FC071F98FB07FD7C" author="VOSS, R. S." box="[990,1160,649,672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14054" refString="VOSS, R. S. 2003. A new species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental. American Museum Novitates 3421: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss (2003:29)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated “larger and more hypsodont molars with weakly developed cingula and stylar cusps [than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FC151FD8FB21FD3C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1917" box="[972,1198,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FC151FD8FB21FD3C" box="[972,1198,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Thomasomys gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].” The group of species associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C2988CD76FFFC9FC101FF8FAC6FCDC" authority="(Tomes, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[969,1353,745,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97B63F1DD76FFFC9FC101FF8FB2BFCDC" box="[969,1188,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Thomasomys aureus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FB6C1FF8FAB0FCDC" author="TOMES, R. F." box="[1205,1343,745,768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="211 - 221" refId="ref13779" refString="TOMES, R. F. 1860. Notes on a second collection of Mammalia made by Mr. Fraser in the Republic of Ecuador. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1860, Part 23: 211 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1860">Tomes, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, widespread along the Andes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76FFFC9FBED1E18FB0DFCFC" box="[1076,1154,777,800]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD5A39FD76FFFC9FB741E18FA94FCFC" box="[1197,1307,777,800]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FAF61E18FA47FCFC" author="PACHECO, V. R." box="[1327,1480,777,800]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref12329" refString="PACHECO, V. R. 2015. Genus Thomasomys Coues, 1884. Pp. 617 - 682 in Mammals of South America, volume 2. Rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Pacheco 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1539EFED76FFFC9FCEA1E38FC50FC9C" author="BRITO, J." box="[819,991,809,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" pagination="308 - 330" refId="ref10592" refString="BRITO, J., ET AL. 2019. Diversidad insospechada en los Andes de Ecuador: filogenia del grupo de especies " cinereus " de Thomasomys y descripcion de una nueva especie (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 26: 308 - 330." type="journal article" year="2019">Brito et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
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) also is characterized by having high-crowned molars (see Supplementary Data SD2). Evidently, hypsodonty deserves further attention as a plausible evolutionary response in northern Andean sigmodontines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document> |