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<document id="A8B95978CA42492944684E2D6A167700" ID-CLB-Dataset="133821" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cab69ef3-0fe3-4309-8df7-f8584c027c48" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7037746" ID-ZooBank="C288BAB2-A92C-4F13-B04D-D6D4510461F5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1661767826270" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smirnoff, Dimitri S., Donohoo, Samantha A. &amp; Gosliner, Terrence M." docDate="2022" docId="03E487E4FF8CFB3AEA12FB44FAA6FBDF" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac009.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Trapania aurata Rudman 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="FFDDFF9CFF98FB2FEB05FFF4FFD8FD72" masterDocTitle="Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions" masterLastPageNumber="313" masterPageNumber="270" pageNumber="290" updateTime="1699374017120" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3B57EEEDCECD3B5455078F6DE07951A6">Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F450ABF3D318A5433493677E14B9F6D1">Smirnoff, Dimitri S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48B214064DA3C8BD27B06261AFD7CF9A">Donohoo, Samantha A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E487E4FF8CFB3AEA12FB44FAA6FBDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036901" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199901980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FF8CFB3AEA12FB44FAA6FBDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E4FF8CFB3AEA12FB44FAA6FBDF" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEA12FB44FD4EF9BA" blockId="20.[279,662,1199,1224]" box="[279,662,1199,1224]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<heading id="D0BA819EFF8CFB3BEA12FB44FD4EF9BA" box="[279,662,1199,1224]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8CFB3BEA12FB44FD4EF9BA" ID-CoL="7CN2J" authority="RUDMAN, 1987" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[279,662,1199,1224]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEA12FB44FE3DF9B5" box="[279,485,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">TRAPANIA AURATA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEAE9FB5BFD4EF9BA" author="Rudman WB" box="[492,662,1199,1224]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref30529" refString="Rudman WB. 1987. The genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Molluscan Studies 53: 189 - 212." type="journal article" year="1987">RUDMAN, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3576579FF8CFB3BEA7BFB22FDF7F99D" box="[382,559,1238,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEA7BFB22FDF7F99D" blockId="20.[382,559,1238,1263]" box="[382,559,1238,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
(
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BEA83FB22FE06F99D" box="[390,478,1238,1263]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="12.[163,241,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[259,1346,197,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[257,1348,195,1661]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 2. Living animals. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Peri Paleracio. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly CASIZ 208433), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., paratype, CASIZ 221979, Romblon, Philippines. F, Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 186205, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. G, Trapania reticulata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 191431, Madang, Papua New Guinea, photo by Vanessa Knutson. H, Trapania tigger sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041328 (formerly CASIZ 180412), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Alicia McKowen. Photo by T. Gosliner unless indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037751/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">FIGS 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BEAE9FB22FDD4F99D" box="[492,524,1238,1263]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[163,241,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,197,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[255,1349,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, scale = 0.50 mm. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), scale = 0.33 mm. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), scale = 0.28 mm. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037757/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BE91CFB22FDFFF99D" box="[537,551,1238,1263]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-388@21.[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3576579FF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFD8FFB25" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFDDCF8DC" blockId="20.[163,780,1278,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11DCFF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFDDCF8DC" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E3FF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFDACF866" author="Rudman WB" box="[163,628,1278,1300]" page="206" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFDACF866" ID-CoL="7CN2J" authority="Rudman, 1987: 206" authorityName="Rudman" authorityPageNumber="206" authorityYear="1987" box="[163,628,1278,1300]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEBA6FB0BFEACF866" box="[163,372,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Trapania aurata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEA7AFB0AFDACF866" author="Rudman WB" box="[383,628,1278,1300]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref30529" refString="Rudman WB. 1987. The genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Molluscan Studies 53: 189 - 212." type="journal article" year="1987">Rudman, 1987: 206</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BE981FB0AFEB0F840" author="Rudman WB &amp; Darvell BW" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="31 - 79" refId="ref30651" refString="Rudman WB, Darvell BW. 1990. Opisthobranch molluscs of Hong Kong. I. Goniodorididae, Onchidrodididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, Chormodorididae (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology 7: 31 - 79." type="journal article" year="1990">Rudman &amp; Darvell, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E3FF8CFB3BEA79FAE9FDE8F840" author="Ono A" box="[380,560,1309,1331]" page="97" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEA79FAE9FDE8F840" author="Ono A" box="[380,560,1309,1331]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref30023" refString="Ono A. 2004. Opisthobranchs of Ryukyu Islands. Tokyo: Rutles." type="book" year="2004">Ono, 2004: 97</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, top photograph; Gosliner
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEA2CFAC9FEBEF823" box="[297,358,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 138, top photograph;
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E3FF8CFB3BE9B9FAC8FEF1F802" author="Herve JF" page="154" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BE9B9FAC8FEF1F802" author="Herve JF" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref29180" refString="Herve JF. 2010. Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle- Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches. Noumea: Editions Catherine Ledru." type="book" year="2010">Hervé, 2010: 154</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, top two photographs;
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E3FF8CFB3BE920FAAEFF3FF8FC" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Behrens DW &amp; Valdes A" page="141" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BE920FAAEFF3FF8FC" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Behrens DW &amp; Valdes A" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref28995" refString="Gosliner TM, Behrens DW, Valdes A. 2015. Indo-Pacific nudibranchs and sea slugs: a field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Jacksonville: New World Publications, Inc." type="book" year="2015">
Gosliner
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BE989FAAFFD19F81D" box="[652,705,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 141
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, bottom-left photograph;
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E3FF8CFB3BE910FA8DFF00F8DC" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Valdes A &amp; Behrens DW" page="59" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BE910FA8DFF00F8DC" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Valdes A &amp; Behrens DW" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref29030" refString="Gosliner TM, Valdes A, Behrens DW. 2018. Indo-Pacific nudibranchs and sea slugs: a field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Jacksonville: New World Publications, Inc." type="book" year="2018">
Gosliner
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BE987FA8EFD66F8FC" box="[642,702,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 59
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, middle-right photograph.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEBA6FA43FD1AF8BE" blockId="20.[163,780,1278,1484]" box="[163,706,1462,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8CFB3BEBA6FA43FD84F8BE" ID-CoL="7CN2J" authority="Wagele et al., 2006" authorityName="Wagele" authorityYear="2006" box="[163,604,1462,1484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEBA6FA43FED6F8BE" box="[163,270,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Trapania</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEA36FA43FE58F8BE" box="[307,384,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">aurata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEA83FA42FD84F8BE" author="Wagele H &amp; Burghardt I &amp; Anthes N &amp; Evertsen J &amp; Klussmann-Kolb A &amp; Brodie GD" box="[390,604,1462,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="33 - 59" refId="ref30902" refString="Wagele H, Burghardt I, Anthes N, Evertsen J, Klussmann-Kolb A, Brodie GD. 2006. Species diversity of opisthobranch molluscs on Lizard Island, great barrier reef, Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 69: 33 - 59." type="journal article" year="2006">
Wägele
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEAE4FA43FDC9F8B9" box="[481,529,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: fig.
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7BFF8CFB3BE997FA43FD1AF8BE" box="[658,706,1463,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" type="generic">12P.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEBA6FA11FD8FFB25" blockId="20.[159,780,1509,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEBA6FA11FEB5F888" box="[163,365,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Materialexamined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAFFF8CFB3BEA73FA11FCDFFB4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897192329" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Philippines" latitude="13.75993" location="Balayan Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.92617" municipality="Luzon Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" specimenCode="CASIZ186205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Batangas">
<specimenCode id="DBEB9E89FF8CFB3BEA73FA11FDCAF889" box="[374,530,1509,1531]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">CASIZ186205</specimenCode>
,onespecimen,dissected and sequenced, Anilao Harbor (
<geoCoordinate id="EE795035FF8CFB3BEAEBF9F0FDB4FB68" box="[494,620,1540,1562]" degrees="13.75993" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" precision="1" value="13.75993">13.75993°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE795035FF8CFB3BE977F9F0FD24FB68" box="[626,764,1540,1562]" degrees="120.92617" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" precision="1" value="120.92617">120.92617°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="8E926029FF8CFB3BEBA6F9D6FEF0FB4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FF8CFB3AEA12FB44FAA6FBDF:8E926029FF8CFB3BEBA6F9D6FEF0FB4A" box="[163,296,1570,1592]" country="Philippines" latitude="13.75993" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.92617" municipality="Luzon Island" name="Balayan Bay" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Batangas">Balayan Bay</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4989F810FF8CFB3BEA2AF9D7FE2DFB4A" box="[303,501,1570,1592]" country="Philippines" name="Batangas" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Batangas Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC88FF8CFB3BEAF9F9D7FD5FFB4A" box="[508,647,1570,1592]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Luzon Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8CFB3BE98BF9D6FCDFFB4A" box="[654,775,1570,1592]" name="Philippines" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAFFF8CFB3BEBA6F9B5FD8BFB25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897192324" box="[163,595,1601,1623]" collectingDate="2011-05-04" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Alexis" country="Sao Tome and Principe" location="Principe" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1">
<date id="FFF31032FF8CFB3BEBA6F9B5FEF4FB24" box="[163,300,1601,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" value="2011-05-04">
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DAFF8CFB3BEBA6F9B5FEF4FB24" box="[163,300,1601,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" value="2011-05-04">04 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by
<collectorName id="26B85324FF8CFB3BEAB7F9B5FE2BFB25" box="[434,499,1601,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Alexis</collectorName>
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8CFB3BEAFDF9B5FD8BFB25" box="[504,595,1601,1623]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Principe</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3576579FF8CFB3AEBA6F98EFAA6FBDF" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEBA6F98EFE8FFB9E" blockId="20.[163,779,1658,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEBA6F98EFE01FBFD" box="[163,473,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
Known from
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8CFB3BE98DF98FFCD2FBE2" box="[648,778,1659,1680]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEBAEF96DFE89FBDC" author="Rudman WB" box="[171,337,1689,1711]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref30529" refString="Rudman WB. 1987. The genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Molluscan Studies 53: 189 - 212." type="journal article" year="1987">Rudman, 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEA5BF96DFDA5FBDC" author="Rudman WB &amp; Darvell BW" box="[350,637,1689,1711]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" pagination="31 - 79" refId="ref30651" refString="Rudman WB, Darvell BW. 1990. Opisthobranch molluscs of Hong Kong. I. Goniodorididae, Onchidrodididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, Chormodorididae (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology 7: 31 - 79." type="journal article" year="1990">Rudman &amp; Darvell, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BE98FF96DFD24FBDC" author="Ono A" box="[650,764,1689,1710]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref30023" refString="Ono A. 2004. Opisthobranchs of Ryukyu Islands. Tokyo: Rutles." type="book" year="2004">Ono, 2004</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8CFB3BEBA6F94CFE84FBBC" box="[163,348,1720,1742]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8CFB3BEA75F94CFDDCFBBF" author="Herve JF" box="[368,516,1720,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" refId="ref29180" refString="Herve JF. 2010. Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle- Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches. Noumea: Editions Catherine Ledru." type="book" year="2010">Hervé, 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and the
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8CFB3BE985F94CFCD2FBBC" box="[640,778,1720,1742]" name="Philippines" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BEBA6F8E4FA7CFF1B" blockId="20.[163,779,1808,1891]" lastBlockId="20.[827,1444,197,618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BEBA6F8E4FE52FA57" box="[163,394,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">External morphology:</emphasis>
The living animal is
<quantity id="4CB59B17FF8CFB3BE96CF8E4FD70FA57" box="[617,680,1808,1830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BE9B1F8E4FD25FA57" box="[692,765,1808,1830]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="12.[163,241,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[259,1346,197,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[257,1348,195,1661]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 2. Living animals. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Peri Paleracio. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly CASIZ 208433), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., paratype, CASIZ 221979, Romblon, Philippines. F, Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 186205, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. G, Trapania reticulata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 191431, Madang, Papua New Guinea, photo by Vanessa Knutson. H, Trapania tigger sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041328 (formerly CASIZ 180412), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Alicia McKowen. Photo by T. Gosliner unless indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037751/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig.2F</figureCitation>
). The body coloration is opaque white with a powdery white appearance. The rhinophores are evenly wide throughout their length and have six lamellae and a pointed tip. They are translucent white at their base, opaque white along the lamellae and reddish orange at their tip and a bit along the front edge. The three gill plume branches are bipinnate and translucent, except for minor reddishorange fringing along the tips of the main branches. Both extra-rhinophoral and extra-branchial appendages are stocky with the same reddish orange coloration along the edges of their tips. The anterior margins of the foot extend laterally as elongate appendages and are more translucent than the rest of the body. Reddish orange coloration adorns their tips, as it does the tips of the elongate, digitiform oral tentacles. The dorsal ridge of the most posterior portion of the foot is tinted reddish orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3BE83EFD6EFB11F985" blockId="20.[827,1444,666,1271]" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BE83EFD6EFC38FFC2" box="[827,992,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Buccal mass:</emphasis>
The buccal mass is muscular with a moderately enlarged buccal pump on the dorsal surface. Inside the anterior portion of the mass is a pair of well-developed jaws. The jaws contain at least two rows of acutely pointed jaw elements of various sizes that are tightly packed together with a few gaps between them (
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BEF28FCA6FB58FE1A" box="[1069,1152,850,872]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-388@21.[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). The radular formula is 26 × 1.0.1 (
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BE8B2FC85FBD0FEF4" box="[951,1032,881,903]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-388@21.[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). The older teeth (
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BEFDDFC85FAF1FEF4" box="[1240,1321,881,903]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-388@21.[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) are much smaller than the newer ones and the radula widens gradually towards the more newly developed teeth (
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BE846FC39FC4EFE90" box="[835,918,973,995]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-388@21.[145,1425,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). The base of the teeth is wide and expanded. The teeth bear numerous acutely pointed denticles with the smallest ones being found on the inner edge of the tooth. There are approximately nine to 12 denticles on the inner side of the much larger primary cusp and one wide, triangular denticle on the outer side of the cusp. The older teeth have fewer denticles than the more recently developed ones and the denticles appear more uniformly graded from smaller to large denticles in the more newly developed teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8CFB3AE83EFAD1FE4DF873" blockId="20.[825,1443,1317,1891]" lastBlockId="21.[145,760,1228,1281]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8CFB3BE83EFAD1FBFFF849" box="[827,1063,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Reproductive system:</emphasis>
The mature reproductive system is triaulic (
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8CFB3BE8BAFAB0FBCCF82B" box="[959,1044,1348,1370]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[163,241,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,197,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[255,1349,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, scale = 0.50 mm. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), scale = 0.33 mm. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), scale = 0.28 mm. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037757/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="290">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). The narrow pre-ampullary duct enters the saccate ampulla near the distal end of the ampulla. The ampulla narrows again at the postampullary duct and divides into the short narrow oviduct, which enters the female gland mass, and the vas deferens. The vas deferens gradually widens into the thick prostatic portion that loops prior to narrowing briefly. Here it becomes a long smooth ejaculatory segment which transitions into a penial sac. The penial sac terminates adjacent to the vagina. The width of the vagina remains uniform along a long length until it enters the base of the large, spherical bursa copulatrix adjacent to the receptaculum duct. The receptaculum duct curves and enters the base of the smaller, slightly pyriform receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct emerges from the receptaculum duct near the base of the receptaculum and enters the female gland mass. The female gland mass is composed of the large mucous gland and the smaller albumen and membrane glands.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32667AFF8DFB3AEB94FB98FBC3F9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7037765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037765/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" startId="21.[145,226,1132,1154]" targetBox="[145,1425,193,1093]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8DFB3AEB94FB98FBC3F9D2" blockId="21.[145,1424,1132,1184]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEB94FB98FF25F9F0" bold="true" box="[145,253,1132,1154]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEA0FFB99FDBBF9F1" authority="Rudman, 1987" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[266,611,1133,1155]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEA0FFB99FE67F9F0" box="[266,447,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Trapania aurata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AEAC3FB99FDBBF9F1" author="Rudman WB" box="[454,611,1133,1155]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref30529" refString="Rudman WB. 1987. The genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Molluscan Studies 53: 189 - 212." type="journal article" year="1987">Rudman, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 186205. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236F2FF8DFB3AEB94FADDFAA6FBDF" blockId="21.[145,762,1321,1895]" lastBlockId="21.[809,1425,1228,1710]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEB94FADDFEDAF84C" box="[145,258,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Remarks:</emphasis>
The reproductive anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE98DFADEFD21F84D" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[648,761,1322,1343]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE98DFADEFD21F84D" box="[648,761,1322,1343]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here for the first time. Following the publication of
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AEA4CFA93FDA7F80E" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Fahey SJ" box="[329,639,1383,1405]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" pagination="53 - 98" refId="ref28925" refString="Gosliner TM, Fahey SJ. 2008. Systematics of Trapania (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with descriptions of 16 new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 6: 53 - 98." type="journal article" year="2008">Gosliner &amp; Fahey (2008)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AE994FA93FF0FF8E9" author="Rudman WB" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" refId="ref30557" refString="Rudman WB. 2008. Trapania aurata and T. vitta. In: Sea slug forum. Sydney: Australian Museum. Available at: http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find / 21438. Accessed 29 November 2021." type="url" year="2008">Rudman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
discussed difficulties in distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE994FA72FD21F8E9" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[657,761,1414,1435]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE994FA72FD21F8E9" box="[657,761,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEBD6FA51FEF2F8C8" authorityName="Gosliner &amp; Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[211,298,1445,1466]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitta">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEBD6FA51FEF2F8C8" box="[211,298,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. vitta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our molecular phylogeny, the ABGD analysis and the bPTP analysis suggest that these two species are sister to one another with a strong genetic divergence of 16.317.8% in the
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE983F9F4FD6FFB67" box="[646,695,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">COI</emphasis>
gene and 6.87.3% in the 16S gene (
<tableCitation id="C6CF0349FF8DFB3AE908F9EBFDAAFB46" box="[525,626,1567,1589]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[164,228,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for COI between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania japonica and Trapania tatsulok. Intraspecific values in bold" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32667AFF90FB27EBA1FF32FDC7FD8B" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="DF32667AFF90FB27EBA1FF32FDC7FD8B">Tables 3</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6CF0349FF8DFB3AE987F9EBFD48FB46" box="[642,656,1567,1588]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[163,227,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for 16S between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania circinata and Trapania stegodon. Intraspecific values in bold" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32667AFF92FB25EBA6FF32FDFCFD8B" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="DF32667AFF92FB25EBA6FF32FDFCFD8B">4</tableCitation>
). Due to the unavailability of additional specimens,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE98BF9CAFD21FB21" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[654,761,1598,1619]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE98BF9CAFD21FB21" box="[654,761,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
intraspecific variation was not studied here, but
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE9AFF9A9FD21FB00" authorityName="Gosliner &amp; Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[682,761,1629,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitta">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE9AFF9A9FD21FB00" box="[682,761,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. vitta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has minimal intraspecific variation (0.00.8%) between
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7BFF8DFB3AEB94F96DFEE4FBDD" box="[145,316,1689,1711]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
collected in
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8DFB3AEACEF96DFDD5FBDD" box="[459,525,1689,1711]" name="Palau" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Palau</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F35A7662FF8DFB3AE977F96DFD2EFBDD" box="[626,758,1689,1711]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. There are also consistent external and internal morphological features that permit the distinction between the two species. Externally,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE950F902FD1DFA79" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[597,709,1782,1803]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE950F902FD1DFA79" box="[597,709,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has orange lines along the edges of the extra-branchial and extra-rhinophoral appendages that are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEB94F8A6FF3BFA15" authorityName="Gosliner &amp; Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[145,227,1874,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitta">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEB94F8A6FF3BFA15" box="[145,227,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. vitta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Rudman noted variation in the other orange markings on the head, gill and foot between the two species, but the pigment differences on the extrabranchial and extra-rhinophoral appendages remains consistent. Internally,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AEF29FADCFA91F84F" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Fahey SJ" box="[1068,1353,1320,1342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" pagination="53 - 98" refId="ref28925" refString="Gosliner TM, Fahey SJ. 2008. Systematics of Trapania (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with descriptions of 16 new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 6: 53 - 98." type="journal article" year="2008">Gosliner &amp; Fahey (2008)</bibRefCitation>
noted radular differences between the width of the outermost denticle of the radular tooth. With the addition of the material studied here, other radular differences are evident. The teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEF17FA50FBA2F8CB" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[1042,1146,1444,1465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEF17FA50FBA2F8CB" box="[1042,1146,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more sharply curved than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE8C1FA36FBCBF8A5" authorityName="Gosliner &amp; Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[964,1043,1474,1495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitta">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE8C1FA36FBCBF8A5" box="[964,1043,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. vitta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AEF27FA35FAF0F8A5" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Fahey SJ" box="[1058,1320,1473,1495]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" pagination="53 - 98" refId="ref28925" refString="Gosliner TM, Fahey SJ. 2008. Systematics of Trapania (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with descriptions of 16 new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 6: 53 - 98." type="journal article" year="2008">Gosliner &amp; Fahey, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 20C, D). Additionally, the denticles on the inside of the primary denticle are more elongated in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEFF0F9F4FA86FB67" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[1269,1374,1536,1557]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEFF0F9F4FA86FB67" box="[1269,1374,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and much shorter and evenly graded in size in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AEE0FF9EAFA81FB41" authorityName="Gosliner &amp; Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[1290,1369,1566,1587]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitta">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AEE0FF9EAFA81FB41" box="[1290,1369,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. vitta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The reproductive systems of the two are extremely similar with the possible exception that the prostatic portion of the vas deferens appears slightly more convoluted in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D71FF8DFB3AE843F96DFC76FBDC" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" box="[838,942,1689,1710]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="B939EAE0FF8DFB3AE843F96DFC76FBDC" box="[838,942,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">T. aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B03FF8DFB3AE8B9F96CFB1AFBDF" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Fahey SJ" box="[956,1218,1688,1710]" pageId="21" pageNumber="291" pagination="53 - 98" refId="ref28925" refString="Gosliner TM, Fahey SJ. 2008. Systematics of Trapania (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with descriptions of 16 new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 6: 53 - 98." type="journal article" year="2008">Gosliner &amp; Fahey, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 21;
<figureCitation id="13762A77FF8DFB3AEE1AF96CFAB7FBDF" box="[1311,1391,1688,1710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[163,241,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,197,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[255,1349,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, scale = 0.50 mm. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), scale = 0.33 mm. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), scale = 0.28 mm. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="291">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>