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<document id="5C8D8C84AE98313DC2654AAC8F188FA8" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus &amp; Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FF81D257FF462785F450FA1D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CE7793C4-E918-47A3-A84B-9DFD920B4017" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="51EA06E482CDB1CAC5E1F11C508EF527" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B550721A290D906B049E452DB961D971">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="36559B2C671BACF49FC968D4892AE363" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2F1CC0A1B0B8790BF47B4D8045C6F5C9">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="400404C81D27917721C787EA9FAB0D37">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="DBA5ACB3E29E9D638CCAC2CF90A1BADB">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="869213A8C12DF276E3A4AA32CE015ACC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1924809D56301C91DB7C69305C1791DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="46F5FBF42DE61A89D0BDC372734199A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="81C586D6C890A6D00029F8E8D9768BD3">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4AF50DAC669F7101305D1440BB150C8D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2D0B845EE9CB8FB9DD3F4E6A9012DB60">
<mods:roleTerm id="9B73C6F094DD91BF8D4FDAF369FADFD3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3F9BD7C2329B3BF59DC59496A620906">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="92B36EB908146613FC82D743ACB821F9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C65A207CA61E7C65E587C969A1A68E67">
<mods:roleTerm id="F84861F3F44D1723F7FD9DF2B55DBE48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E895DF7357EE951289AB97621D84086F">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="34142C2A7009A1712E336C3AD6B286CF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="856254AEE6509A8902A5F401A326EEBA">
<mods:title id="EC65B83CD706870DB486D44CBAD593C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6B0C094371F8F9CCBCD8D9CFD4225616">
<mods:date id="A68B773FB085991DB2E51D966B3E6727">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A9BC0F54D720F56EA29EDD86FEE107F5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E968293E81833ADD0CE29921390CC800">4181</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5A57793D6B92061F263AF9CA862BDB1B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="628783F6FCB1C913E0116248BB892E31">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A2DE26B32CD35662B39FFE295097D0B3">94</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="A4D876B16FDE6B96B748A873E0562647">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9B30DC5CF5FFFAA2F6BCBBFDB05790BD" type="CLB-Dataset">37923</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F455E52D72590D2A589D3BCECD400CF1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="14D7111C4C7C8D6B206242ACB10D1C65" type="GBIF-Dataset">7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34C4FC2D1487A3A114BF36704B245DC9" type="Zenodo-Dep">164243</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EAC311283E11EA0A75A1EEB158A4331C" type="ZooBank">639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E487C7FF81D257FF462785F450FA1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507420" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE7793C4-E918-47A3-A84B-9DFD920B4017" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FF81D257FF462785F450FA1D" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF462785F1FAFF2D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF462785F2A0FF4C" blockId="53.[151,717,151,211]" box="[151,717,151,178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="D0BA81BDFF81D257FF462785F2A0FF4C" bold="true" box="[151,717,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF462785F2A0FF4C" bold="true" box="[151,717,151,178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FF462785F20FFF4C" authority="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" box="[151,610,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pandora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF462785F119FF4F" bold="true" box="[151,372,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stigmella pandora</emphasis>
Remeikis &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FF81D257FDBE278AF2A0FF4C" box="[623,717,152,178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF4627A8F1FAFF2D" blockId="53.[151,717,151,211]" box="[151,407,186,211]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FF4E27A8F098FF2D" box="[159,245,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FED027A9F14DFF2D" box="[257,288,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FEFA27A8F1E3FF2D" box="[299,398,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 143 – 147" captionStart-1="FIGURES 148 – 151" captionStartId-0="54.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionStartId-1="55.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1350,301,1867]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1378,198,1772]" captionTargetId-0="figure@54.[161,1428,301,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure@55.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="54" captionTargetPageId-1="55" captionText-0="FIGURES 143 – 147. Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 143, 144, holotype, male adult; 145, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule without phallus; 146, 147, same, phallus (ZMUC)." captionText-1="FIGURES 148 – 151. Genitalia of Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 148, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule with phallus removed; 149, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal; 150, same, ventral view to apical processes of valva; 151, paratype, female genitalia, slide no. RA 567 (ZMUC)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/164276/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164277/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">143–151</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF462610F329FE55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF462610F329FE55" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF81D257FF462610F5F4FEC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487233" collectingDate="1987-02-15" collectingDateMax="1987-02-18" collectingDateMin="1987-02-15" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="O. Karsholt" country="Peru" elevation="4100" latitude="-9.680556" location="Quabrada Pucavado" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.225555" municipality="Cerro Cahuish" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Ancash" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF462610F127FEE5" bold="true" box="[151,330,258,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54F68873FF81D257FF462610F0BFFEE5" box="[151,210,258,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F68873FF81D257FE862610F1A9FEE5" box="[343,452,258,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Ƌ,
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF81D257FE2D2611F22BFEE4" box="[508,582,259,282]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">PERU</collectingCountry>
, Dept.
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF81D257FD702610F295FEE5" box="[673,760,258,283]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ancash</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A402FF3FF81D257FCD92610F38EFEE4" box="[776,995,258,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FCD92610F338FEE5" box="[776,853,258,283]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
SE Huaraz
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96ACABFF81D257FC222611F4F0FEE5" box="[1011,1181,258,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cerro Cahuish</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E92600AFF81D257FB7E2610F5F5FEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF81D257FF462785F450FA1D:8E92600AFF81D257FB7E2610F5F5FEE5" box="[1199,1432,258,283]" country="Peru" latitude="-9.680556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.225555" municipality="Cerro Cahuish" name="Quabrada Pucavado" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Ancash">Quabrada Pucavado</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF81D257FF462634F167FEC1" box="[151,266,294,319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-9.680556">9°40'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF81D257FECD2635F1C8FEC1" box="[284,421,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-77.225555">77°13'32&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0060D1E2FF81D257FE672634F2EBFEC0" box="[438,646,294,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="4100.0">
elevation
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FDF82635F2EBFEC0" box="[553,646,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFF31011FF81D257FD462634F358FEC1" box="[663,821,294,319]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FF81D257FD462634F358FEC1" box="[663,821,294,319]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">15–18.ii.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B85307FF81D257FC972635F3BCFEC1" box="[838,977,294,319]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">O. Karsholt</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no. RA565Ƌ (
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FF81D257FAE82635F5FDFEC1" box="[1337,1424,295,319]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ZMUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. Paratypes: 4 Ƌ, 3 ♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slide nos. RA578Ƌ, RA579Ƌ, RA567♀ (ZMUC);
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF81D257FABB2659F32CFE55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487215" collectingDate="1987-01-26" collectingDateMax="1987-01-28" collectingDateMin="1987-01-26" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="O. Karsholt" country="Peru" elevation="4000" latitude="-11.608334" location="Quabrada Yanac" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.405" municipality="Millo Valley" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="holotype">
1 Ƌ, Dept.
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF81D257FF0C267CF176FE79" box="[221,283,366,391]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lima</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A402FF3FF81D257FEF9267CF269FE79" box="[296,516,366,391]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FEF9267CF11CFE79" box="[296,369,366,391]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
NE Chosica
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96ACABFF81D257FDC0267CF2CCFE79" box="[529,673,366,391]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Millo Valley</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E92600AFF81D257FD7C267CF306FE78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF81D257FF462785F450FA1D:8E92600AFF81D257FD7C267CF306FE78" box="[685,875,366,391]" country="Peru" latitude="-11.608334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.405" municipality="Millo Valley" name="Quabrada Yanac" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Lima">Quabrada Yanac</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF81D257FCA9267CF395FE79" box="[888,1016,366,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-11.608334">11°36'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF81D257FBD4267CF4FDFE79" box="[1029,1168,366,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-76.405">76°24'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0060D1E2FF81D257FB4C267CF508FE78" box="[1181,1381,366,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="4000.0">
elevation
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FADD267DF508FE78" box="[1292,1381,367,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFF31011FF81D257FAA3267CF16EFE55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1987-01-26" valueMax="1987-01-28" valueMin="1987-01-26">
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FF81D257FAA3267CF16EFE55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1987-01-26" valueMax="1987-01-28" valueMin="1987-01-26">26– 28.i.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B85307FF81D257FEDF2681F1F8FE55" box="[270,405,402,427]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">O. Karsholt</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no. RA574Ƌ (
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FF81D257FD302681F355FE55" box="[737,824,403,427]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ZMUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF1626A4F5F1FE0D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF1626A4F5F1FE0D" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF1626A4F12CFE31" bold="true" box="[199,321,438,463]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The combination of: pale speckled forewing, long processes of transtilla, large gnathos with closely juxtaposed processes, and specific set of cornuti distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FC8026C9F3A1FE0D" box="[849,972,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pandora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FC8026C9F3A1FE0D" box="[849,972,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">S. pandora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FC0226C8F440FE0D" bold="true" box="[979,1069,474,499]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FF81D257FC0226C8F440FE0D" box="[979,1069,474,499]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FB0526C9F550FE0D" box="[1236,1341,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FB0526C9F550FE0D" box="[1236,1341,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF1626ECF46EFAD1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF1626ECF20CFCA4" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF1626ECF169FDE9" bold="true" box="[199,260,510,535]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FEC326ECF1DDFDE9" box="[274,432,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 143 – 147" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[161,1350,301,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[161,1428,301,1881]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 143 – 147. Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 143, 144, holotype, male adult; 145, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule without phallus; 146, 147, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164276/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 143, 144</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FD5026ECF366FDE8" box="[641,779,510,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.65" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.6">4.6–4.7 mm</quantity>
; wingspan about
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FC1D26EDF422FDE8" box="[972,1103,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.7">9.7–10 mm</quantity>
. Head: palpi brownish cream; frontal tuft comprised of ochre cream (sometimes whitish cream) and ochre piliform scales; collar and scape cream to yellowish cream; antenna distinctly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 42 segments, pale ochre to ochre cream on upper side and underside. Thorax and tegula golden cream (sometime tegula fuscous anteriorly). Forewing brownish cream to golden cream, speckled with ochre-brown scales with weak purple iridescence; base of forewing darkened with fuscous along costal margin; fringe greyish ochre; underside of forewing ochre-brown, with no spots or androconia. Hindwing pale grey to ochreous grey on upper side and underside, with no spots or androconia; its fringe pale grey. Legs golden cream to brownish cream, darkened with fuscous brown on upper side. Abdomen grey to fuscous on upper side, grey crean on underside; tufts short, grey cream to cream; genital segments cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF162474F13BFC5D" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF162474F148FC81" bold="true" box="[199,293,870,895]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Female.</emphasis>
Forewing length about 4.0 mm; wingspan about
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FC8E2474F3D6FC80" box="[863,955,870,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
. Abdominal tip with long fuscous to dark grey lateral tufts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF1624BCF193FB85" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF1624BCF11AFC39" bold="true" box="[199,375,942,967]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FE5D24BCF241FC39" box="[396,556,942,967]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 143 – 147" captionStart-1="FIGURES 148 – 151" captionStartId-0="54.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionStartId-1="55.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1350,301,1867]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1378,198,1772]" captionTargetId-0="figure@54.[161,1428,301,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure@55.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="54" captionTargetPageId-1="55" captionText-0="FIGURES 143 – 147. Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 143, 144, holotype, male adult; 145, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule without phallus; 146, 147, same, phallus (ZMUC)." captionText-1="FIGURES 148 – 151. Genitalia of Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 148, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule with phallus removed; 149, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal; 150, same, ventral view to apical processes of valva; 151, paratype, female genitalia, slide no. RA 567 (ZMUC)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/164276/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164277/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 145–150</figureCitation>
). Capsule longer (360 µm) than wide (250 µm). Uncus with four caudal papillae. Gnathos with large central plate and two closely juxtaposed caudal processes. Valva 245–255 µm long, 65–85 µm wide, with two apical processes; transtilla with long triangular processes. Juxta membranous, triangular. Vinculum with small triangular lateral lobes and short ventral plate. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FC222308F4E2FBCD" box="[1011,1167,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 143 – 147" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[161,1350,301,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[161,1428,301,1881]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 143 – 147. Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 143, 144, holotype, male adult; 145, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule without phallus; 146, 147, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164276/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 146, 147</figureCitation>
) 270–280 µm long, 70– 95 µm wide; vesica with four large thickened horn-like cornuti, four other but little thickened cornuti, and a group of very small spine-like cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF162394F45AFAF5" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF162394F1E3FB61" bold="true" box="[199,398,1158,1183]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FE4E2394F26EFB61" box="[415,515,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 148 – 151" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[161,1378,198,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 148 – 151. Genitalia of Stigmella pandora Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 148, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 565, capsule with phallus removed; 149, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal; 150, same, ventral view to apical processes of valva; 151, paratype, female genitalia, slide no. RA 567 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164277/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 151</figureCitation>
). Total length
<date id="FFF31011FF81D257FD7A2394F344FB61" box="[683,809,1158,1183]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1005" valueMax="1015">1005–1015</date>
µm. Anterior and posterior apophyses almost equal in length. Vestibulum narrow, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with long, heavily folded distal part and small round, 295–300 µm long, 210 µm wide basal part with comb-like pectinations; signa absent. Accessory sac small; ductus spermathecae with 3.5–4 convolutions. Abdominal tip narrowed, almost truncated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF162204F46EFAD1" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" box="[199,1027,1302,1327]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF162204F127FAD1" bold="true" box="[199,330,1302,1327]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Adults fly in January–February. Otherwise biology unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF162228F2C6FA88" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF162228F2C6FA88" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF162228F134FAAD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1338,1363]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FEB82228F1ACFAAD" box="[361,449,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF81D257FE1F2229F183FAAD" box="[462,494,1339,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">27</figureCitation>
). This species occurs in the high Peruvian Andes (
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF81D257FBFD2229F408FAAD" box="[1068,1125,1339,1363]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF81D257FBA12228F4A9FAAD" box="[1136,1220,1338,1363]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ancash</collectingRegion>
Departamento and
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF81D257FF46224CF0BFFA89" box="[151,210,1374,1399]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lima</collectingRegion>
Departamento) at altitudes
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF81D257FDD8224DF2CAFA88" box="[521,679,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="4050.0" valueMax="4100.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000–4100 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF81D257FF162290F450FA1D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF81D257FF162290F450FA1D" blockId="53.[151,1437,258,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FF162290F123FA65" bold="true" box="[199,334,1410,1435]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from Greek
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FCFF2291F3FDFA65" box="[814,912,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pandora">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FCFF2291F3FDFA65" box="[814,912,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pandora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pandora’s box), the artifact in mythology, in reference to the amazing diversity of the Andean
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FD1822B4F35FFA40" box="[713,818,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FD1822B4F35FFA40" box="[713,818,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often represented by externally similar species, which may appear as separate distinct taxa only after dissection (like
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF81D257FC8522D9F3A2FA1D" box="[852,975,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pandora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF81D257FC8522D9F3A2FA1D" box="[852,975,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">S. pandora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FF81D257FC0722D9F45CFA1D" box="[982,1073,1483,1507]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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