368 lines
48 KiB
XML
368 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="44C2E2C9AA0EC8727AE1DFFB2A1554DB" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a3" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546941" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613603788907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gómez, José Francisco, Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Nieves, María Hernández & Stone, Graham Nicholas" docDate="2011" docId="03E487A7AF5A276F07EDFAE66B4AFABF" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.287-323.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="306" masterDocId="FFDDFFDFAF4B277C0523FFCB691BFFD8" masterDocTitle="Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe" masterLastPageNumber="323" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="304" updateTime="1698873130332" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="952D2FA22C090FDF367D488CD4B56D02">Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6C2FEBC62C79073E95A92761BE9572C9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03C8205C127D733B62B0F238E133057A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1BD59B656F1352FDE1C1DE0E185F5CEC">Gómez, José Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE182A24D4DCF96DDEEE50EFD59B2128">Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (UCM), Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain) jf. gomez @ bio. ucm. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="67058020C7A1C1FCD874B47991A183B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="66AA2AF8010521A2983FD59C31D8AB86">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B9C3059ABCC9664ECE2ABABB7ED451D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5077CAF4808A875EFAC49CAC5BDFEF">Nieves, María Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="872774724CA4C7B3C9046A39C6132711">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, c / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain) aldrey @ mncn. csic. es</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F4EAA5A83C791FC3073D07B0D5F48CCF">Stone, Graham Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CFA676CB983B1103B69EB9D336170483">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 JT (United Kingdom) graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C4E30275FAC5C6CE6F74048AEA8DDE6" type="email">stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="EBD9A20E3B935E521A7CD4A012A58BE9">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C67827A989032AE4002019447007D722">
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<mods:date id="2D620D83B85ACCBDBAF37F1287071E90">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7B026D60DD1ED6636BB24E2F913B882A">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7A041572A135BEBE37C0F4AEE69F6042">33</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="907699C20CE9DF8A09F925FB8BAF7A7C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D03D943651800D3430F174DF394CA6F3">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3F95DDCCA7F422EF88AFDB982F06E783">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0743DAF5722BE7AAD51D8610347DA8B1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D9B046F60929D45BF3E887CBAE8A4FAD" type="DOI">10.5252/z2011n3a3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFD2AC42EC4DC2B0433BC96EDA7D2D4A" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E487A7AF5A276F07EDFAE66B4AFABF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487A7AF5A276F07EDFAE66B4AFABF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487A7AF5A276F07EDFAE66B4AFABF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5A276D07EDFAE66D8BFA90" box="[718,1168,1324,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D07EDFAE66D8BFA90" blockId="17.[718,1168,1324,1352]" box="[718,1168,1324,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<heading id="D0BA81DDAF5A276D07EDFAE66D8BFA90" box="[718,1168,1324,1352]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07EDFAE66D8BFA90" ID-CoL="3D7H9" authority="Ratzeburg, 1852" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[718,1168,1324,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunniventris">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07EDFAE66ACDFA9F" bold="true" box="[718,982,1324,1351]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Eurytoma brunniventris</emphasis>
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||
Ratzeburg, 1852
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5A276D0786FAA36AE6FA32" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D0786FAA36BA2FA6D" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D06E1FAA36D76FA58" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[962,1133,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D06E1FAA36D76FA58" box="[962,1133,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Andricus coriarius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D0158FAA36DA8FA58" bold="true" box="[1147,1203,1384,1408]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D0158FAA36DA8FA58" box="[1147,1203,1384,1408]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
. Cádiz, La Suara-Jérez,
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<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D06A2FA486AF6FA43" box="[897,1005,1411,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2004-10-16">16.X.2004</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 1)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D0786FA736AE6FA32" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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Ex
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07E7FA736A55FA17" baseAuthorityName="Fourcroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[708,846,1464,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07E7FA736A55FA17" box="[708,846,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Cynips quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D0678FA7C6A88FA17" bold="true" box="[859,915,1463,1487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D0678FA7C6A88FA17" box="[859,915,1463,1487]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5A276D0683FA736AF7FA08" box="[928,1004,1464,1488]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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, Dehesa de Arganda,
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<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D0786FA196A0BFA32" box="[677,784,1490,1514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2004-10-24">24.X.2004</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 1).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5A276F0786FA27688EFDE8" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D0786FA276D40F9C7" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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||
Ex
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07EBFA276A83F9DC" authorityName="Pujade" authorityYear="1985" box="[712,920,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panteli">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07EBFA276A83F9DC" box="[712,920,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Plagiotrochus panteli</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D0684FA276AF9F9DC" bold="true" box="[935,994,1516,1540]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D0684FA276AF9F9DC" box="[935,994,1516,1540]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5A276D06D1FA276D59F9DC" box="[1010,1090,1516,1540]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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, Dehesa de Arganda,
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<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D0626F9CC6A76F9C7" box="[773,877,1543,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2004-06-06">6.VI.2004</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D0786F9EA6D95F98C" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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Ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07E4F9EA6A85F9E1" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[711,926,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07E4F9EA6A85F9E1" box="[711,926,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Plagiotrochus australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D068DF9EA6AF3F9E1" bold="true" box="[942,1000,1569,1593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D068DF9EA6AF3F9E1" box="[942,1000,1569,1593]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5A276D06D5F9EA6D5FF9E1" box="[1014,1092,1569,1593]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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, Dehesa de Navacerrada,
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<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D060FF9F76ABAF98C" box="[812,929,1596,1620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2002-06-27">27.VI.2002</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276D0786F99D6D16F951" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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Ex
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07EBF99D6A96F9B6" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[712,909,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07EBF99D6A96F9B6" box="[712,909,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Andricus hispanicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D06BFF99D6ACCF9B6" bold="true" box="[924,983,1622,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D06BFF99D6ACCF9B6" box="[924,983,1622,1646]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5A276D06C4F99D6D2CF9B6" box="[999,1079,1622,1646]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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||
, El Escorial,
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||
<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D0785F9BA6A3BF951" box="[678,800,1649,1673]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2003-08-02">2.VIII.2003</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 1).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5A276E0786F9406B1CFABC" blockId="17.[677,1210,1384,1699]" lastBlockId="18.[111,647,1356,1539]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Ex
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5A276D07E2F9406A50F97B" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[705,843,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D07E2F9406A50F97B" box="[705,843,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5A276D0676F9406A91F97B" bold="true" box="[853,906,1675,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF5A276D0676F9406A91F97B" box="[853,906,1675,1699]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5A276D06B0F9406AC0F97B" box="[915,987,1675,1699]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Madrid</collectingRegion>
|
||
, El Escorial,
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||
<date id="FFF31071AF5A276D016FF9406DADF97B" box="[1100,1206,1675,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" value="2003-07-02">2.VII.2003</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n =1, MNHN-EY6410).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF326639AF59276E0552FB176B3DFAC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546965/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" startId="18.[113,124,1244,1261]" targetBox="[242,1082,215,1201]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276E0552FB176B3DFAC2" blockId="18.[113,1210,1244,1306]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
FIG. 12. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E076AFB176BAAFB35" baseAuthorityName="Noyes" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[585,689,1244,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">eurytomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae:
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E07D3FB166BE6FB36" bold="true" box="[752,765,1245,1262]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E0625FB176AE2FB35" authority="Mayr, 1878" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[774,1017,1244,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0625FB176A83FB35" box="[774,920,1244,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Eurytoma robusta</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr,1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0123FB166D16FB36" bold="true" box="[1024,1037,1245,1262]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E0135FB176DA1FB35" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1046,1210,1244,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0135FB176D43FB35" box="[1046,1112,1244,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E. rosae</emphasis>
|
||
Nees,1834
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E05AAFB386817FADC" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[137,268,1267,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E05AAFB386817FADC" box="[137,268,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Diplolepis rosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0435FB38683FFADC" bold="true" box="[278,292,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E040EFB3868F0FADC" authority="Walker, 1832" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1832" box="[301,491,1267,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E040EFB386861FADC" box="[301,378,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E. rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF59276E045CFB3868F0FADC" author="WALKER F." box="[383,491,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" pagination="12 - 29" refId="ref22826" refString="WALKER F. 1832. - Monographia Chalciditum. The Entomological Magazine 1 (1): 12 - 29." type="journal article" year="1832">Walker,1832</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E04D1FB386B1BFADC" bold="true" box="[498,512,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0729FB386B07FADC" box="[522,540,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E.</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E071FFB386B9EFADC" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[572,645,1267,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspila">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0776FB386B9EFADC" box="[597,645,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">aspila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E07ACFB386B80FADC" bold="true" box="[655,667,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0787FB386BADFADC" box="[676,694,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E.</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E07F4FB386A3DFADC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[727,806,1267,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaceae">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E07D3FB386A3DFADC" box="[752,806,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">jaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E060CFB386A21FADC" bold="true" box="[815,826,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E0667FB386D29FADC" authority="Thomson, 1876" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[836,1074,1267,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0667FB386AB1FADC" box="[836,938,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E.strigifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson,1876
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E011AFB386D5CFADC" bold="true" box="[1081,1095,1267,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E0172FB3869C1FAC2" authority="(Mayr, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0172FB386DA2FADC" box="[1105,1209,1267,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">E.timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mayr, 1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars: A-E, 100 μm; F, G: 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276E0552FAAD6848FA41" blockId="18.[111,647,1356,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E05ADFAAC6815FAA6" baseAuthorityName="Fourcroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[142,270,1383,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E05ADFAAC6815FAA6" box="[142,270,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Cynips quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E043BFAAD6856FAA6" bold="true" box="[280,333,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF59276E043BFAAD6856FAA6" box="[280,333,1382,1406]" name="Spain" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF59276E0474FAAD68BBFAA6" box="[343,416,1382,1406]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Madrid</collectingRegion>
|
||
, El Escorial,
|
||
<date id="FFF31071AF59276E0733FAAD6B98FAA6" box="[528,643,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" value="2003-08-02">2.VIII.2003</date>
|
||
, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276E0552FA5068CDFA16" blockId="18.[111,647,1356,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E05B6FA50686AFA6B" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[149,369,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E05B6FA50686AFA6B" box="[149,369,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Plagiotrochus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E04A3FA5068A1FA6B" bold="true" box="[384,442,1435,1459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF59276E04A3FA5068A1FA6B" box="[384,442,1435,1459]" name="Spain" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF59276E04E9FA506B01FA6B" box="[458,538,1435,1459]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Madrid</collectingRegion>
|
||
, El Pardo,
|
||
<date id="FFF31071AF59276E0550FA7D69F3FA16" box="[115,232,1462,1486]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" value="2004-03-13">13.III.2004</date>
|
||
, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276E0552FA1B6B0AF9DB" blockId="18.[111,647,1356,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF59276E05B2FA1A6853FA30" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[145,328,1489,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E05B2FA1A6853FA30" box="[145,328,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Trigonaspis synaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF59276E0477FA1B6897FA30" bold="true" box="[340,396,1488,1512]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF59276E0477FA1B6897FA30" box="[340,396,1488,1512]" name="Spain" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF59276E04BBFA1B68FFFA30" box="[408,484,1488,1512]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Madrid</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Miraflores de la Sierra,
|
||
<date id="FFF31071AF59276E0595FA206806F9DB" box="[182,285,1515,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" value="2005-09-03">3.IX.2005</date>
|
||
, J. L. Nieves leg, (n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276E0552F9E16819F99B" blockId="18.[111,647,1578,1700]" box="[113,258,1578,1605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF59276F0552F9816B07FECB" blockId="18.[111,647,1578,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[111,648,216,560]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">
|
||
n = 15; body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B54AF59276E0462F98168B8F9BD" box="[321,419,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.87">1.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range 1.3-2.7); body width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B54AF59276E0591F9A2680FF95C" box="[178,276,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="18" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.5-1.6) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF59276E04A0F9A268CEF95C" box="[387,469,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-100@11.[113,663,760,1308]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5.— Ventral views ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A, Eurytomaaspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546951/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF59276E04FCF9A26B1BF95C" box="[479,512,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-96@13.[114,1209,214,1589]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 7.— Lateralviews ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A,Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546955/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF59276E072AF9A26B26F95C" box="[521,573,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">14D</figureCitation>
|
||
); body barrel-shaped or fusiform, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly: ratio L/W = 1.9; body segments widest in the mid-region; anterodorsal protuberances clearly protruding from second thoracic segment to the eighth abdominal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF59276E064CFA606ADBFA1E" box="[879,960,1451,1478]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-96@13.[114,1209,214,1589]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 7.— Lateralviews ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A,Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546955/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio SA/LAA = 0.45; antero-medial setae of the antennal area situated at the same level as the antennae; ratio SA/DAV = 1.13; antero-medial setae of the vertex relatively high on the upper face much closer to the anterior margin of vertex than to antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF59276E06EDF9816D3BF9BD" box="[974,1056,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[113,124,1217,1234]" captionTargetBox="[282,1041,215,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-245@15.[281,852,214,791]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 9. — Anterior views of the head of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae: A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, Eurytoma infracta Mayr, 1904; D, Eurytoma mayri Ashmead, 1887; E, Eurytoma pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; F, Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 400 μm; C, 300 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546959/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="305">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal-labral setae as long as clypeal setae; ventral margin of clypeus indistinct and without any discernible suture; labrum with slight divisions limited to apical part; maxillary palps conspicuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F048DFF336B14FECB" box="[430,527,248,275]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[112,123,960,977]" captionTargetBox="[243,1079,215,916]" captionTargetId="figure-369@17.[243,1080,214,916]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 11. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994. Scale bars: A, E, 200 μm; B-D, F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546963/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF58276F05ABFEDC688EFDE8" blockId="19.[111,648,216,560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Mandibles invisible, covered by labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F0703FEDC6B62FEEA" box="[544,633,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[112,123,960,977]" captionTargetBox="[243,1079,215,916]" captionTargetId="figure-369@17.[243,1080,214,916]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 11. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994. Scale bars: A, E, 200 μm; B-D, F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546963/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
); two teeth in both mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F048FFEFC6B0FFE8A" box="[428,532,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,123,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[153,1169,215,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-157@20.[153,1169,214,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13.— Anterior views of the right mandible of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; I, E. rufipes Walker, 1832; J, E. sp. cf. aspila; K, E. sp. cf. jaceae; L, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876 (right mandible); M, E. strigifrons (left mandible); N, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scales bars: A, D-G, I-N, 50 μm; B, 20 μm; C, H, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Figs. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F073CFEFC6B48FE8A" box="[543,595,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">14G</figureCitation>
|
||
); ratio L/W 1T = 2; outer margin of the first tooth of mandible strongly convex; tip moderately recurved. Apex of second tooth more or less pointed and straight, directed upwards in the same direction as the first tooth. Inner margin of mandible from the base of second tooth more or less straight and not interrupted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F0404FDDE6893FDE8" box="[295,392,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,123,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[153,1169,215,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-157@20.[153,1169,214,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13.— Anterior views of the right mandible of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; I, E. rufipes Walker, 1832; J, E. sp. cf. aspila; K, E. sp. cf. jaceae; L, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876 (right mandible); M, E. strigifrons (left mandible); N, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scales bars: A, D-G, I-N, 50 μm; B, 20 μm; C, H, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF58276F0552FD9F683FFB52" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF58276F0552FD9F69C9FDB5" blockId="19.[111,648,596,1162]" box="[113,210,596,623]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">BIOLOGY</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF58276F0552FDBF683FFB52" blockId="19.[111,648,596,1162]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">
|
||
An ectoparasitoid species associated with more than 75 different oak cynipid galls across the Palaearctic. Published data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F0408FD7868C5FD16" author="ACS Z. & MELIKA G. & KALO P. & KISS G. B." box="[299,478,691,718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="234 - 242" refId="ref18882" refString="ACS Z., MELIKA G., KALO P. & KISS G. B. 2002. - Molecular analysis of the Eurytoma rosae species group (Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), in MELIKA G. & THUROCZY C. (eds), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biology Control. Agroinform, Budapest: 234 - 242." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Ács
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F0443FD7F688AFD15" box="[352,401,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and our own unpublished molecular data show this species to represent a complex of several sibling species. The life cycle is multivoltine and larvae attack the gallinducing cynipid larva and inquiline cynipids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F0761FCF969B2FCB4" author="ASKEW R. R." pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="237 - 268" refId="ref18948" refString="ASKEW R. R. 1961. - On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 14: 237 - 268." type="journal article" year="1961">Askew 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F0590FC9A69F6FCB4" author="ASKEW R. R." box="[179,237,849,876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="130 - 153" refId="ref18986" refString="ASKEW R. R. 1975. - The organisation of chalcid-dominated parasitoid communities centred upon endophytic hosts, in PRICE P. W. (ed.), Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites. Plenum Press, New York & London: 130 - 153." type="book chapter" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F05D4FC9A6829FCB4" author="ASKEW R. R." box="[247,306,849,876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="223 - 271" refId="ref19036" refString="ASKEW R. R. 1984. - The biology of gall wasps, in ANAN- THAKRISCHAN T. N. (ed.), Biology of Gall Insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi: 223 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F041FFC9A6B29FCB4" author="SCHONROGGE K. & STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J." box="[316,562,849,876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref21971" refString="SCHONROGGE K., STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J. 1995. - Spatial and temporal variation in guild structure: parasitoids and inquilines of Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in its native and alien ranges. Oikos 72: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Schönrogge
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F04E2FC9968F0FCB3" box="[449,491,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F071FFC9A6B99FCB4" author="SCHONROGGE K. & STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J." box="[572,642,849,876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="71 - 80" refId="ref22022" refString="SCHONROGGE K., STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J. 1996 a. - Alienherbivoresandnativeparasitoids: rapiddevelopment of guild structure in an invading gall wasp, Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Ecological Entomology 21: 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="1996">1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F05B0FCBA69EFFC54" box="[147,244,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fully-grown larvae overwinter inside the gall and the adults emerge in synchrony with the development of new host galls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF58276F0727FC7B69F6FC33" author="SCHONROGGE K. & STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="306" pagination="71 - 80" refId="ref22022" refString="SCHONROGGE K., STONE G. N. & CRAWLEY M. J. 1996 a. - Alienherbivoresandnativeparasitoids: rapiddevelopment of guild structure in an invading gall wasp, Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Ecological Entomology 21: 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Schönrogge
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F0552FC1A6980FC32" box="[113,155,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F0432FC1B6875FC33" box="[273,366,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). As this species frequently supplements its diet by also feeding on gall tissue, plant debris are usually found in larval cells containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF58276F05BFFBFB6853FB91" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[156,328,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunniventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F05BFFBFB6853FB91" box="[156,328,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">E. brunniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF58276F0474FBE468ACFB92" box="[343,439,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Fig. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
); this species is the only polyphagous chalcid in cynipid galls known to eat gall tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF58276F0552FB656B4AFABF" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF58276F0552FB6569CEFB1F" blockId="19.[111,647,1198,1383]" box="[113,213,1198,1225]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF58276F0552FB056B4AFABF" blockId="19.[111,647,1198,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF58276F05D0FB056880FB3F" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[243,411,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunniventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F05D0FB056880FB3F" box="[243,411,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">E. brunniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF58276F05AFFB2569EAFADF" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[140,241,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F05AFFB2569EAFADF" box="[140,241,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">E. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The body shape and relative size of the second mandible tooth separates the two species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF58276F0550FAE66844FA9F" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[115,351,1325,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunniventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF58276F0550FAE66844FA9F" box="[115,351,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="306">Eurytoma brunniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the commonest eurytomid species associated with cynipid galls on oaks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |