treatments-xml/data/03/E4/87/03E487821D5EFFFFFF1FC480FE2BF9A7.xml

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<mods:title id="5C6865960F9A866C820FD3E93A91D6D2">Description of a new codling species of Physiculus from Taiwan (Gadiformes: Moridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37A9848C8B37286F8128EDB2B97292C5">Tang, Chi-Ngai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4F10AED895F3E55A66440ED3EC24676">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan victorcntang @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8140 - 8459</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5EFFF7FF1FC480FE4DF88E" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,441,1771,1798]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5EFFF7FF1FC480FE4DF88E" bold="true" box="[151,441,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="13762A111D5EFFF7FF1FC564FEF6F8A2" box="[151,258,1807,1833]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1131,1155]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1007,1031]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1389,196,1084]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1412,200,960]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1437,1092,1645]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1435,229,1549]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,312,988]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@3.[166,1422,179,1106]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@4.[160,1428,181,983]" captionTargetId-2="figure-47@4.[151,1437,1092,1645]" captionTargetId-3="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1606]" captionTargetId-4="figure-15@7.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetId-5="figure-63@9.[151,1436,309,992]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Fresh coloration of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P35678, 307.2 mm SL, picture inverted from the right side of body. B. Paratype, NMMB-P35679, 143.6 mm SL. Scale bar = 2 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Preserved condition of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P35678. B. Paratype, NMMB- P35679. Scale bar = 2 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Black pigmentation in oral cavity of the holotype of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. On palatine lining. B. On tongue." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral views of the anterior body of the holotype of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Predorsal region, an arrow indicates the origin of the dorsal fin. B. Ventral view of the head and abdomen, three arrows indicate the pelvicfin origin, light organ, and anal-fin origin, from left to right." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Dentition and gill arch of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A–B. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the holotype, respectively. C–D. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the paratype, respectively. E. The first right gill arch of the holotype, two arrows indicate the position of the uppermost and lowermost rakers of the upper and lower limbs. Scale bar = 2 mm (upperright corner of each picture)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed by the best-fitting Tamura-Nei + Γ + I substitution model, based on COI sequences of selected species of Physiculus from Taiwan. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-2383.42) is shown. Two undescribed species, Physiculus sp. 2 and sp. 3 (sensu Koeda &amp; Ho, 2019), were included. Gadus morhua, L. rhacina, M. moro and S. australis were selected as outgroups. Bootstrap proportions below 50% not shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566094" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566096" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566098" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566100" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566102" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566104" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5566094/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5566096/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5566098/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5566100/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5566102/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5566104/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs. 1‒6</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D5EFFF7FE85C564FE72F8A2" box="[269,390,1807,1833]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,332,356]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,239,604,630]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. and two similar species. HT = holotype; PT = paratype." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Meristic and proportional data related to distance from interventral line to anal-fin origin (InV-af) of seven species of Physiculus. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; GR = gill rakers; LL = lateral line; SR = scale rows." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" tableUuid-0="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" tableUuid-1="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11">Tables 1‒2</tableCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5EFFF7FF1FC507FECDF80F" ID-CoL="6JV9Y" baseAuthorityName="Bohlke &amp; Mead" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,313,1900,1924]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Gadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5EFFF7FF1FC507FECDF80F" box="[151,313,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Gadella jordani</emphasis>
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(non 
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): 
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Chiang 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5EFFF7FD34C507FD1BF80F" box="[700,751,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 46
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, fig. 3.
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SL, 344.0 mm TL, female with mature ovaries, off northern 
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, by hook-and-line, purchased from 
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; COI: 
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SL, 
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TL, off 
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, eastern 
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, depth ca. 
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; COI: 
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.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357651F1D5DFFF4FF4FC2B5FAB5FE5A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC2B5FAB5FE5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5DFFF4FF4FC2B5FEB6FF73" bold="true" box="[199,322,222,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5DFFF4FEECC2B4FE29FF72" box="[356,477,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5DFFF4FEECC2B4FE29FF72" box="[356,477,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Physiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species distinct from all congeners by possessing a very large mouth, posterior end of maxilla extending well behind the level of the posterior margin of orbit, its length 15.3‒15.9% SL and 57.8‒ 60.7% HL; both jaws with caniniform teeth; snout, suborbital area, and gular region fully scaled. It can be further distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: light organ small, 5.5‒6.7% InV-af; light organ located near the mid-point of InV-af, its anterior margin located at 46.9‒50.7% InV-af; anus located closer to the anal-fin origin, its anterior edge located at 74.2‒83.1% InV-af; gill rakers on upper limb of first gill arch 5; scales in longitudinal series ca. 114‒122; scale rows between first dorsal-fin base and lateral line 10‒11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357651F1D5DFFF5FF4FC3B1FB75FA29" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC3B1FC50FD22" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5DFFF4FF4FC3B1FEADFE7F" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Description.</emphasis>
The following data are given for the 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FC9BC3B0FC81FE7E" box="[787,885,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FC32C3B0FBEEFE7E" box="[954,1050,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
information in parentheses when different. First dorsal-fin rays 9, first ray short and obscure; second dorsal-fin rays 74 (69); pectoral-fin rays 24 (left)/24 (right); anal-fin rays 80 (74); pelvic-fin rays 5; scales in longitudinal series ca. 122 (114); scale rows between first dorsal-fin base and lateral line 10/11 (10/10); total gill rakers on upper limb 5/5, all developed (except 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FF1FC000FF03FD0E" box="[151,247,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with 1 rudimentary raker on right side); total gill rakers on lower limb 10/12 (12/11), including 2/2 (1/0) rudimentary rakers; vertebrae 14+40 (39) = 54 (53); pyloric caeca 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC0D8FD3CFCB2" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Head length 26.1% (26.5) SL; predorsal length 28.0% (28.7); prepectoral length 26.9% (27.6); prepelvic length 20.7% (20.8); preanal length 33.8% (32.7); preanus length 29.1% (30.1); first and second dorsal-fin bases 6.5% (6.7) and 59.8% (59.2), respectively; anal-fin base 63.0% (65.2); snout length 27.5% (24.3) HL; interorbital width 34.0% (32.6); first dorsal-fin height 26.8% (27.9).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC128FD73FB2A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
Body moderately elongate, robust anteriorly, gradually compressed and narrowing to a narrow caudal peduncle and caudal fin. Body depth 19.8% (21.4) SL. Caudal peduncle narrow, its depth and length 6.7% (7.2) and 23.4% (27.5) HL, respectively. Head large and broadly rounded, its width 15.7% (15.9) SL; snout wide with a round anterior outline; eye relatively small, its diameter 15.9% (19.1) HL; mouth very large and terminal, upper jaw extends well behind a vertical through the posterior margin of eye, its length 60.7% (57.8) HL; upper jaw slightly overhanging the lower jaw. Teeth large and caniniform. Upper jaw with 3 rows of slightly curved teeth (2 rows in 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FA8AC19CFA93FB9A" box="[1282,1383,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), the middle row largest (outermost row largest in 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FD10C670FD08FBBE" box="[664,764,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; 
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FC80C670FCB8FBBE" box="[776,844,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dentition and gill arch of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A–B. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the holotype, respectively. C–D. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the paratype, respectively. E. The first right gill arch of the holotype, two arrows indicate the position of the uppermost and lowermost rakers of the upper and lower limbs. Scale bar = 2 mm (upperright corner of each picture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), the outermost and innermost rows slightly shorter. Lower jaw with 3 rows (
<quantity id="4CB59B711D5DFFF4FE22C654FE22FBD2" box="[426,470,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FE54C654FDCAFBD2" box="[476,574,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) of teeth, the outermost row small (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FC46C654FBE5FBD2" box="[974,1041,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dentition and gill arch of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A–B. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the holotype, respectively. C–D. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the paratype, respectively. E. The first right gill arch of the holotype, two arrows indicate the position of the uppermost and lowermost rakers of the upper and lower limbs. Scale bar = 2 mm (upperright corner of each picture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), the inner rows larger, subequal in length (only one inner row in 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FE6EC608FDBDFBF6" box="[486,585,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, distinctly larger than outer row). Vomer and palatine toothless. Chin barbel present but short, its length 4.0% (10.5) HL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC6C0FD86FA4A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Two dorsal fins. First dorsal-fin origin slightly behind a vertical through the insertion of pectoral fin; second dorsal-fin origin right behind the end of first dorsal fin, rays generally uniform in height. Anal-fin origin anterior to the level of second dorsal fin, rays generally uniform in height. Pectoral fin moderate, its length 15.2% (16.4%) SL and 58.2% (61.8) HL, rounded posteriorly, with lower rays gradually shorter, posterior end to a vertical through ca. the 7th‒8th ray of the second dorsal fin. Pelvic fin long and elongated, its length 14.3% (22.1) SL and 54.5% (83.6) HL; when appressed, its tip extends slightly behind the anal-fin origin (well behind the anal-fin origin); pelvic fin thoracic, inserting anterior to the level of pectoral-fin base. Caudal fin small, well separated from dorsal and anal fins, rounded and symmetrical posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC7A0FEFDF9FF" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
Scales cycloid, small, longitudinally oval-shaped. Body fully scaled. Head almost fully scaled; snout, suborbital area fully covered with small scales; gular region (throat) fully scaled (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FC33C784FBE0F982" box="[955,1044,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[189,1435,229,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral views of the anterior body of the holotype of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Predorsal region, an arrow indicates the origin of the dorsal fin. B. Ventral view of the head and abdomen, three arrows indicate the pelvicfin origin, light organ, and anal-fin origin, from left to right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); branchiostegal membrane naked. Dorsal and anal fins totally naked. Pectoral-fin base scaled, slightly extending onto the fin. Caudal-fin base scaled. Lateral line not completely continuous, continuous tubed scales do not extend beyond the posterior end of the first dorsal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC415FB79F88F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
Ventral light organ very small, the distance between its anterior and posterior margins 3.3% (6.7) HL, 2.9% (6.7) in InV-af; located near the mid-point of InV-af (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FD61C4CAFCB5F937" box="[745,833,1697,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[189,1435,229,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral views of the anterior body of the holotype of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Predorsal region, an arrow indicates the origin of the dorsal fin. B. Ventral view of the head and abdomen, three arrows indicate the pelvicfin origin, light organ, and anal-fin origin, from left to right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), InV-LO 46.9% (50.7%) InV-af, LO-an 17.9% (22.6) InV-af; anus large and rounded, surrounded by black naked skin, situated closer to the origin of anal fin than interventral line, InV-an 74.2% (83.1) InV-af; genital papilla located right behind the anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5DFFF4FF4FC567FA69F83D" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5DFFF4FF4FC567FEBBF8AD" bold="true" box="[199,335,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Coloration.</emphasis>
When fresh (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FE6BC566FDD7F8AC" box="[483,547,1805,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,196,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[166,1422,179,1106]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fresh coloration of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P35678, 307.2 mm SL, picture inverted from the right side of body. B. Paratype, NMMB-P35679, 143.6 mm SL. Scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), body dark brown, anterior trunk and head darker. Lips of upper and lower jaws black. Maxilla white, with a small, irregular but faint black blotch at the posterior end. Tongue and palatine lining dusky (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5DFFF4FF6FC53FFEDDF8E5" box="[231,297,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1092,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-47@4.[151,1437,1092,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Black pigmentation in oral cavity of the holotype of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. On palatine lining. B. On tongue." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Throat and branchiostegal membrane totally black. Barbel black (pale reddish-orange in 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FA8AC53EFA9CF8E4" box="[1282,1384,1877,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Fin color of 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FF7DC513FEAFF819" box="[245,347,1912,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: all fins dark reddish-brown. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with a faint but broad black margin. Fin color of 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5DFFF4FF7BC5F6FEACF83C" box="[243,344,1949,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: all fins reddish-orange. Base of dorsal and anal fin darker and dusky. Caudal fin with a black edge.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32661C1D5CFFF5FF1FC600FBC5FB2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566094/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" startId="3.[151,250,1131,1155]" targetBox="[195,1389,196,1084]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5CFFF5FF1FC600FBC5FB2C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1131,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF1FC600FEE7FB08" bold="true" box="[151,275,1131,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Fresh coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FE56C600FD3BFB08" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[478,719,1131,1155]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FE56C600FD3BFB08" box="[478,719,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FD5DC607FCB0FB08" bold="true" box="[725,836,1131,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5CFFF5FD5DC607FCD1FB0F" box="[725,805,1132,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Holotype, NMMB-P35678, 307.2 mm SL, picture inverted from the right side of body. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FE3AC6FBFE3EFB23" bold="true" box="[434,458,1168,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">B.</emphasis>
Paratype, NMMB-P35679, 143.6 mm SL. Scale bar = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5CFFF5FF4FC692FB75FA29" blockId="3.[151,1437,1273,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
When preserved (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D5CFFF5FE18C692FE22FA9F" box="[400,470,1273,1300]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1007,1031]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,200,960]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[160,1428,181,983]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved condition of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P35678. B. Paratype, NMMB- P35679. Scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566096/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), body and head overall black. Black pigment on lips and in oral cavity remains. Fin color of 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5CFFF5FF75C776FE97FABC" box="[253,355,1309,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: dorsal and anal fins dark brown, paler posteriorly. Second dorsal and anal fin with a darker margin. Pectoral fin black. Pelvic fin dusky, paler posteriorly. Caudal fin dusky, with a broad dark brown margin. Fin color of 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5CFFF5FEACC70EFE7DFAF4" box="[292,393,1381,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins dusky black near the fin base, pale white posteriorly, but with an indistinct black margin. Pelvic fin pale white. Caudal fin pale white with a black edge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357651F1D5CFFF5FF4FC7C7FB67FA61" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5CFFF5FF4FC7C7FB67FA61" blockId="3.[151,1437,1273,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF4FC7C7FEBAFA4D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1452,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FDACC7C6FD5AFA4D" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[548,686,1453,1478]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FDACC7C6FD5AFA4D" box="[548,686,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means large-mouthed in ancient Greek which is the combination of “ 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF2CC7BAFF15FA61" box="[164,225,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">mega</emphasis>
” (large) and “ 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FE09C7BAFE30FA61" box="[385,452,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">stoma</emphasis>
” (mouth), referring to its unique large mouth among congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357651F1D5CFFF0FF4FC798FE02F8F6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5CFFF5FF4FC798FA68F9DD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1273,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF4FC798FE04F986" bold="true" box="[199,496,1523,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known only from off northern and eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F35A76041D5CFFF5FC5AC79FFBD3F985" box="[978,1063,1524,1550]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, based on the type specimens and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FF1FC47CFE80F9BA" author="Chiang, W. - C. &amp; Lin, P. - L. &amp; Chen, W. - Y. &amp; Liu, D. - C." box="[151,372,1559,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" refId="ref6283" refString="Chiang, W. - C., Lin, P. - L., Chen, W. - Y. &amp; Liu, D. - C. (2014) Marine fishes in Eastern Taiwan. Fisheries Research Institute Special Publication. Vol. 18. Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, 337 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Chiang 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF65C473FED0F9BA" box="[237,292,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
(see Remarks). The 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D5CFFF5FDDCC473FD40F9B9" box="[596,692,1560,1586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMMB-P35679) was captured with hook-and-line by a fisherman over a sandy bottom at ca. 
<quantity id="4CB59B711D5CFFF5FE4AC450FDFDF9DD" box="[450,521,1595,1622]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
depth. This species is assumed to inhabit deep sandy bottoms, down to ca. 
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD1D1D5CFFF5FAC7C450FA68F9DD" box="[1359,1436,1595,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB59B711D5CFFF5FAC7C450FA6CF9DD" box="[1359,1432,1595,1622]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5CFFF5FF4FC434FEA2F836" blockId="3.[151,1437,1273,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FF4FC434FE99F9F2" bold="true" box="[199,365,1631,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Comparisons.</emphasis>
According to the keys to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FD1EC434FCFBF9F2" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1858" box="[662,783,1631,1657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FD1EC434FCFBF9F2" box="[662,783,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Physiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FC2FC434FBB6F9F2" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[935,1090,1631,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FBF3C434FA99F9F2" author="Shcherbachev, Y. N." box="[1147,1389,1631,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="147 - 178" refId="ref7624" refString="Shcherbachev, Y. N. (1993) Preliminary review of the genus Physiculus (Moridae, Gadiformes) in the Indian Ocean and adjacent waters of the South Atlantic. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P. P. Shirshova, 128, 147 - 178." type="journal article" year="1993">Shcherbachev (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, the diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FE38C4E8FD49F916" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[432,701,1667,1693]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FE38C4E8FD49F916" box="[432,701,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FD4FC4E8FCD7F916" bold="true" box="[711,803,1667,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5CFFF5FD4FC4E8FCD7F916" box="[711,803,1667,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
do not match any other species. Among its congeners, it is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FE0AC4CCFC6BF94A" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[386,927,1703,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FE0AC4CCFD8FF94A" box="[386,635,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Physiculus nigrescens</emphasis>
Smith &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FD67C4CCFC6BF94A" author="Radcliffe, L." box="[751,927,1703,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="105 - 140" refId="ref7516" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1912) Descriptions of a new family, two new genera, and twenty-nine new species of anacanthine fishes from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43 (1924), 105 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1924.105" type="journal article" year="1912">Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FC59C4CCFB72F949" author="Radcliffe, L." box="[977,1158,1703,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="105 - 140" refId="ref7516" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1912) Descriptions of a new family, two new genera, and twenty-nine new species of anacanthine fishes from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43 (1924), 105 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1924.105" type="journal article" year="1912">Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
], which occurs from the 
<collectingCountry id="F35A76041D5CFFF5FF1FC4A0FEE1F96E" box="[151,277,1739,1765]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Philippines</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F35A76041D5CFFF5FEB5C4A0FE50F96E" box="[317,420,1739,1765]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FE3DC4A0FDBEF96E" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[437,586,1739,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
). They share a more posterior light organ (InV-LO&gt;30% InV-af); a short continuous tubed lateral line, not extending beyond the origin of the second dorsal fin; and similar number of second dorsal-fin rays (
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D5CFFF5FE12C578FE05F8A6" box="[410,497,1811,1837]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,604,630]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic and proportional data related to distance from interventral line to anal-fin origin (InV-af) of seven species of Physiculus. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; GR = gill rakers; LL = lateral line; SR = scale rows." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11">Table 2</tableCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FDFFC57FFCE8F8A6" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[631,796,1812,1837]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FDFFC57FFCE8F8A6" box="[631,796,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FB14C57FFADAF8A6" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[1180,1326,1812,1837]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FB14C57FFADAF8A6" box="[1180,1326,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a longer maxilla (15.3‒15.9% SL in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FDBBC553FD2DF8DA" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[563,729,1848,1873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FDBBC553FD2DF8DA" box="[563,729,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 13.5‒14.1% in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5CFFF5FC3DC553FBBCF8DA" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[949,1096,1848,1873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5CFFF5FC3DC553FBBCF8DA" box="[949,1096,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D5CFFF5FBDFC55CFB5EF8DA" box="[1111,1194,1847,1873]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,332,356]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. and two similar species. HT = holotype; PT = paratype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02">Table 1</tableCitation>
); light organ situated closer to the mid-point of InV-af (InV-LO 46.9‒50.7% InV-af vs. 39.3‒45.5%); more gill rakers on upper limb of first gill arch (5 vs. 3‒4); both jaws with 2‒3 rows of caniniform teeth (vs. villiform teeth on both jaws; Smith &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5CFFF5FF1FC5C8FEBDF836" author="Radcliffe, L." box="[151,329,1955,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="105 - 140" refId="ref7516" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1912) Descriptions of a new family, two new genera, and twenty-nine new species of anacanthine fishes from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43 (1924), 105 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1924.105" type="journal article" year="1912">Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32661C1D5BFFF2FF1FC184FE57FBA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" startId="4.[151,250,1007,1031]" targetBox="[184,1412,200,960]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5BFFF2FF1FC184FE57FBA0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1007,1068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FF1FC184FEE2FB8C" bold="true" box="[151,278,1007,1031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Preserved condition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5BFFF2FD9EC184FCFFFB8C" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[534,779,1007,1031]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FD9EC184FCFFFB8C" box="[534,779,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FC9DC19BFC78FB8C" bold="true" box="[789,908,1007,1032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5BFFF2FC9DC19BFC9DFB83" box="[789,873,1008,1032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Holotype, NMMB-P35678. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FB32C19BFB25FB83" bold="true" box="[1210,1233,1008,1032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B.</emphasis>
Paratype, NMMB-P35679. Scale bar = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF32661C1D5BFFF2FF1FC4EFFF17F94A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566098/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" startId="4.[151,250,1668,1692]" targetBox="[151,1437,1092,1645]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5BFFF2FF1FC4EFFF17F94A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1668,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FF1FC4EFFEE7F917" bold="true" box="[151,275,1668,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Black pigmentation in oral cavity of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5BFFF2FCA6C4EFFBEBF917" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[814,1055,1668,1692]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FCA6C4EFFBEBF917" box="[814,1055,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FBAEC4EFFB62F917" bold="true" box="[1062,1174,1668,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5BFFF2FBAEC4EFFB82F917" box="[1062,1142,1668,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
On palatine lining. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5BFFF2FAE8C4EFFA83F917" bold="true" box="[1376,1399,1668,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B.</emphasis>
On tongue.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF32661C1D5AFFF3FF1FC435FD0CF935" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" startId="5.[151,250,1630,1654]" targetBox="[189,1435,229,1549]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5AFFF3FF1FC435FD0CF935" blockId="5.[151,1437,1630,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FF1FC435FEE1F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1630,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral views of the anterior body of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FC4CC435FB43F9FD" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[964,1207,1630,1654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FC4CC435FB43F9FD" box="[964,1207,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FB48C434FAC0F9FD" bold="true" box="[1216,1332,1630,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5AFFF3FB48C434FAE7F9FC" box="[1216,1299,1631,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Predorsal region, an arrow indicates the origin of the dorsal fin. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FD39C4E8FD3DF910" bold="true" box="[689,713,1667,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">B.</emphasis>
Ventral view of the head and abdomen, three arrows indicate the pelvicfin origin, light organ, and anal-fin origin, from left to right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D5AFFF0FF4FC57BFE6BFE96" blockId="5.[151,1436,1808,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FF4FC57BFE24F8A1" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,464,1808,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FF4FC57BFE24F8A1" box="[199,464,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FE5EC57BFDDBF8A1" bold="true" box="[470,559,1808,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D5AFFF3FE5EC57BFDDBF8A1" box="[470,559,1808,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from most of its congeners by its 5 gill rakers on the upper limb of first gill arch, including rudiments (vs. usually 
<quantity id="4CB59B711D5AFFF3FC86C55FFCA3F8C5" box="[782,855,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2‒4 in</quantity>
most congeners), except 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FBF3C55FFD99F8F9" authority="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito, 2018" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FBF3C55FFA68F8C5" box="[1147,1436,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus caboverdensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5AFFF3FF1FC533FD99F8F9" author="Gonzalez, J. A. &amp; Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M." box="[151,621,1880,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="286 - 292" refId="ref6625" refString="Gonzalez, J. A., Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M. (2018) A new species of Physiculus (Teleostei: Moridae) from the Cape Verde Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4461 (2), 286 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4461.2.10" type="journal article" year="2018">González, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FDFEC533FC0DF8F9" authority="Bruss, 1986" authorityName="Bruss" authorityYear="1986" box="[630,1017,1880,1907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FDFEC533FC99F8F9" box="[630,877,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus marisrubri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5AFFF3FCFAC532FC0DF8F9" author="Bruss, R." box="[882,1017,1880,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="215 - 249" refId="ref6225" refString="Bruss, R. (1986) Tiefenwasser- und Tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer. X. Physiculus marisrubri n. sp. aus dem Roten Meer und P. normani n. sp. von der Kuste Ostafrikas (Pisces: Teleostei: Gadiformes: Moridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 66, 215 - 249." type="journal article" year="1986">Brüss, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FB8AC533FA61F8F9" authority="Trunov, 1991" authorityName="Trunov" authorityYear="1991" box="[1026,1429,1880,1907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maslowskii">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FB8AC533FB09F8F9" box="[1026,1277,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus maslowskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5AFFF3FA8AC532FA61F8F9" author="Trunov, I. A." box="[1282,1429,1880,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="373 - 379" refId="ref7732" refString="Trunov, I. A. (1991) Fishes of the family Moridae from the southeastern Atlantic Ocean (genera Mora Risso and Physiculus Kaup). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 31 (3), 373 - 379." type="journal article" year="1991">Trunov, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FF1FC517FDC0F81D" authority="Gilbert, 1890" authorityName="Gilbert" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,564,1916,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nematopus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FF1FC517FE66F81D" box="[151,402,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus nematopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5AFFF3FE13C517FDC0F81D" author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[411,564,1916,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="49 - 126" refId="ref6551" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1890) A preliminary report on the fishes collected by the steamer Albatross on the Pacific coast of North America during the year 1889, with descriptions of twelve new genera and ninety-two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 13 (797), 49 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.13 - 797.49" type="journal article" year="1890">Gilbert, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FDF9C517FB73F81D" authority="Hildebrand &amp; Barton, 1949" authorityName="Hildebrand &amp; Barton" authorityYear="1949" box="[625,1159,1916,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talarae">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FDF9C517FCB0F81D" box="[625,836,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Physiculus talarae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D5AFFF3FCC4C517FB73F81D" author="Hildebrand, S. F. &amp; Barton, O." box="[844,1159,1916,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref6847" refString="Hildebrand, S. F. &amp; Barton, O. (1949) A collection of fishes from Talara, Peru. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 111 (10), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1949">Hildebrand &amp; Barton, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which also possess 4‒5 rakers (
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D5AFFF3FF61C5CBFEB5F831" box="[233,321,1952,1978]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,604,630]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic and proportional data related to distance from interventral line to anal-fin origin (InV-af) of seven species of Physiculus. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; GR = gill rakers; LL = lateral line; SR = scale rows." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11">Table 2</tableCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FE4FC5CAFD98F831" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[455,620,1953,1978]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FE4FC5CAFD98F831" box="[455,620,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from them by its relatively posteriorly situated light organ (InV-LO 46.9‒50.7% InV-af vs. 16.0‒36.9%). Among these, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FC04C5AEFBC6F855" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[908,1074,1989,2014]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FC04C5AEFBC6F855" box="[908,1074,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D5AFFF3FB4CC5AEFA8BF855" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" box="[1220,1407,1988,2014]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D5AFFF3FB4CC5AEFA8BF855" box="[1220,1407,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having caniniform teeth on both jaws. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FDD9C2FCFCA9FF3B" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[593,861,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FDD9C2FCFCA9FF3B" box="[593,861,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FB49C2FCFA8AFF3A" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" box="[1217,1406,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FB49C2FCFA8AFF3A" box="[1217,1406,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having relatively more second dorsal-fin and anal-fin rays (69‒74 and 74‒80 vs. 57‒67 and 
<quantity id="4CB59B711D59FFF0FBF1C2D0FB2DFF5E" box="[1145,1241,187,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" metricValueMax="1.7526" metricValueMin="1.6002" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="in" value="66.0" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="63.0">63‒69 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FB55C2D0FA61FF5E" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" box="[1245,1429,187,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FB55C2D0FA61FF5E" box="[1245,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P.caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively); smaller light organ (its length 5.5‒6.7% InV-af vs. 6.8‒13.3%); and longer maxilla (15.3‒15.9% SL vs. 12.7‒14.6; 
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D59FFF0FEB4C368FE7AFE96" box="[316,398,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,332,356]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. and two similar species. HT = holotype; PT = paratype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" ID-Table-UUID="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" startId="6.[151,239,332,356]" targetBox="[166,1292,408,1555]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" blockId="6.[151,1436,332,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FF1FC327FEFBFEEF" bold="true" box="[151,271,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FD92C327FCE9FEEF" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[538,797,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FD92C327FCE9FEEF" box="[538,797,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FCA1C327FC77FEEF" bold="true" box="[809,899,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D59FFF0FCA1C327FC77FEEF" box="[809,899,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and two similar species. HT = holotype; PT = paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D59FFF0FD82C3F3FC2CF998" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<table id="F94DC4341D590009FF2EC3F3FAF8F998" box="[166,1292,408,1555]" gridcols="4" gridrows="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC3F3FAF8FE5E" box="[166,1292,408,469]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C3F3FD0FFE5E" box="[522,763,408,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FD82C3F3FD0FFE3B" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[522,763,408,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FD82C3F3FD0FFE3B" box="[522,763,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FD82C3D6FDA9FE5E" bold="true" box="[522,605,445,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D59FFF0FD82C3D6FDA9FE5E" box="[522,605,445,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC3F3FBDAFE5E" box="[854,1070,408,469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FCDEC3F2FBF7FE3B" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" box="[854,1027,408,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FCDEC3F2FBF7FE3B" box="[854,1027,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC3F3FAF8FE5E" box="[1156,1292,408,469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FB0CC3F2FAF8FE3B" box="[1156,1292,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC38EFAF8FE76" box="[166,1292,485,509]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC38EFE26FE76" box="[166,466,485,509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Data source</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C38EFD0FFE76" box="[522,763,485,509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">This study</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC38EFBDAFE76" box="[854,1070,485,509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D59FFF0FCDEC38EFBDAFE76" author="Gonzalez, J. A. &amp; Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M." box="[854,1070,485,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="286 - 292" refId="ref6625" refString="Gonzalez, J. A., Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M. (2018) A new species of Physiculus (Teleostei: Moridae) from the Cape Verde Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4461 (2), 286 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4461.2.10" type="journal article" year="2018">
González 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FC34C38EFC1BFE76" box="[956,1007,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC38EFAF8FE76" box="[1156,1292,485,509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D59FFF0FB0CC38EFAF0FE76" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1156,1284,485,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC066FAF8FDAE" box="[166,1292,525,549]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC066FE26FDAE" box="[166,466,525,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Value format</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C066FD0FFDAE" box="[522,763,525,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">HT; PT</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC066FBDAFDAE" box="[854,1070,525,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">HT (range), n=10</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC066FAF8FDAE" box="[1156,1292,525,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">range, n=8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC05EFAF8FDC6" box="[166,1292,565,589]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC05EFE26FDC6" box="[166,466,565,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C05EFD0FFDC6" box="[522,763,565,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">307.2; 143.6</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC05EFBDAFDC6" box="[854,1070,565,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">167 (83‒168)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC05EFAF8FDC6" box="[1156,1292,565,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">87‒258</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC035FAF8FDFD" box="[166,1292,606,630]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC035FAF8FDFD" box="[166,1292,606,630]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">% SL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC0EDFAF8FD15" box="[166,1292,646,670]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC0EDFE26FD15" box="[166,466,646,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Body depth</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C0EDFD0FFD15" box="[522,763,646,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">19.8; 21.4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC0EDFBDAFD15" box="[854,1070,646,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">23.4 (17.3‒24.3)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC0EDFAF8FD15" box="[1156,1292,646,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">15.7‒17.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC0C5FAF8FD4D" box="[166,1292,686,710]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC0C5FE26FD4D" box="[166,466,686,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C0C5FD0FFD4D" box="[522,763,686,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">1.7; 1.9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC0C5FBDAFD4D" box="[854,1070,686,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">2.4 (2.1‒2.4)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC0C5FAF8FD4D" box="[1156,1292,686,710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">1.6‒2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC0BDFAF8FD65" box="[166,1292,726,750]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC0BDFE26FD65" box="[166,466,726,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Head length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C0BDFD0FFD65" box="[522,763,726,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">26.1; 26.5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC0BDFBDAFD65" box="[854,1070,726,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">27.5 (26.7‒29.6)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC0BDFAF8FD65" box="[1156,1292,726,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">23.6‒24.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC095FAF8FC9D" box="[166,1292,766,790]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC095FE26FC9D" box="[166,466,766,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Head width</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C095FD0FFC9D" box="[522,763,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">15.7; 15.9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC095FAF8FC9D" box="[1156,1292,766,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">16.1‒22.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC14CFAF8FCB4" box="[166,1292,807,831]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC14CFE26FCB4" box="[166,466,807,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C14CFD0FFCB4" box="[522,763,807,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">28.0; 28.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC14CFBDAFCB4" box="[854,1070,807,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">31.1 (29.3‒32.4)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC14CFAF8FCB4" box="[1156,1292,807,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">24.8‒32.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC124FAF8FCEC" box="[166,1292,847,871]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC124FE26FCEC" box="[166,466,847,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Prepectoral length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C124FD0FFCEC" box="[522,763,847,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">26.9; 27.6</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC124FBDAFCEC" box="[854,1070,847,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">29.9 (28.5‒30.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC11CFAF8FC04" box="[166,1292,887,911]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC11CFE26FC04" box="[166,466,887,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C11CFD0FFC04" box="[522,763,887,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">20.7; 20.8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC11CFBDAFC04" box="[854,1070,887,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">26.9 (23.2‒30.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC1F4FAF8FC33" box="[166,1292,927,952]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC1F4FE26FC33" box="[166,466,927,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Preanal length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C1F4FD0FFC33" box="[522,763,927,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">33.8; 32.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC1F4FBDAFC33" box="[854,1070,927,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">38.9 (33.6‒41.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC1ACFAF8FC6B" box="[166,1292,967,992]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC1ACFE26FC6B" box="[166,466,967,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Preanus length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C1ACFD0FFC6B" box="[522,763,967,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">29.1; 30.1</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC1ACFBDAFC6B" box="[854,1070,967,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">34.7 (32.3‒35.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC19BFAF8FB83" box="[166,1292,1008,1032]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC19BFE26FB83" box="[166,466,1008,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Snout to LO</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C19BFD0FFB83" box="[522,763,1008,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">26.7; 23.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC673FAF8FBBB" box="[166,1292,1048,1072]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC673FE26FBBB" box="[166,466,1048,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">First dorsal-fin height</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C673FD0FFBBB" box="[522,763,1048,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">7.0; 7.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC62BFAF8FBD3" box="[166,1292,1088,1112]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC62BFE26FBD3" box="[166,466,1088,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">First dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C62BFD0FFBD3" box="[522,763,1088,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">6.5; 6.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC62BFBDAFBD3" box="[854,1070,1088,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">9.6 (8.6‒9.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC603FAF8FB0A" box="[166,1292,1128,1153]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC603FE26FB0A" box="[166,466,1128,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Second dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C603FD0FFB0A" box="[522,763,1128,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">59.8; 59.2</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC603FBDAFB0A" box="[854,1070,1128,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">56.9 (52.1‒57.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC6FAFAF8FB22" box="[166,1292,1169,1193]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC6FAFE26FB22" box="[166,466,1169,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C6FAFD0FFB22" box="[522,763,1169,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">63.0; 65.2</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC6FAFBDAFB22" box="[854,1070,1169,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">59.0 (58.9‒64.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC6D2FAF8FB5A" box="[166,1292,1209,1233]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC6D2FE26FB5A" box="[166,466,1209,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C6D2FD0FFB5A" box="[522,763,1209,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">15.2; 16.4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC6D2FBDAFB5A" box="[854,1070,1209,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">16.8 (15.5‒21.7)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC6D2FAF8FB5A" box="[1156,1292,1209,1233]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">15.6‒19.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC68AFAF8FB72" box="[166,1292,1249,1273]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC68AFE26FB72" box="[166,466,1249,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C68AFD0FFB72" box="[522,763,1249,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">14.3; 22.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC762FAF8FAA9" box="[166,1292,1289,1314]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC762FE26FAA9" box="[166,466,1289,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C762FD0FFAA9" box="[522,763,1289,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">4.2; 5.1</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC762FBDAFAA9" box="[854,1070,1289,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">6.0 (6.0‒7.8)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC762FAF8FAA9" box="[1156,1292,1289,1314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">4.8‒5.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC759FAF8FAC1" box="[166,1292,1330,1354]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC759FE26FAC1" box="[166,466,1330,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Snout length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C759FD0FFAC1" box="[522,763,1330,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">7.2; 6.4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC759FBDAFAC1" box="[854,1070,1330,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">7.2 (6.5‒7.8)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC759FAF8FAC1" box="[1156,1292,1330,1354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">4.7‒5.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC731FAF8FAF9" box="[166,1292,1370,1394]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC731FE26FAF9" box="[166,466,1370,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Maxilla length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C731FD0FFAF9" box="[522,763,1370,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">15.9; 15.3</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC731FBDAFAF9" box="[854,1070,1370,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">14.3 (12.7‒14.6)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC731FAF8FAF9" box="[1156,1292,1370,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">13.5‒14.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC7E9FAF8FA11" box="[166,1292,1410,1434]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC7E9FE26FA11" box="[166,466,1410,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C7E9FD0FFA11" box="[522,763,1410,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">8.9; 8.6</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC7E9FBDAFA11" box="[854,1070,1410,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">5.7 (5.1‒6.0)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC7E9FAF8FA11" box="[1156,1292,1410,1434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">6.4‒8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC7C1FAF8FA48" box="[166,1292,1450,1475]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC7C1FE26FA48" box="[166,466,1450,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Barbel length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C7C1FD0FFA48" box="[522,763,1450,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">1.0; 2.8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC7C1FBDAFA48" box="[854,1070,1450,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">2.2 (2.1‒2.7)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FB0CC7C1FAF8FA48" box="[1156,1292,1450,1475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">2.4‒4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC7B8FAF8FA60" box="[166,1292,1491,1515]" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC7B8FE26FA60" box="[166,466,1491,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">First dorsal-fin height</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C7B8FD0FFA60" box="[522,763,1491,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">7.0; 7.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D590009FF2EC790FAF8F998" box="[166,1292,1531,1555]" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D590009FF2EC790FE26F998" box="[166,466,1531,1555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FD82C790FD0FF998" box="[522,763,1531,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">6.1; 7.3</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D590009FCDEC790FBDAF998" box="[854,1070,1531,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">5.1 (3.5‒5.1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D59FFF0FF4FC40DFE02F8F6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1638,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Furthermore, the relatively large mouth and long upper jaw are diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FB0EC40CFADEF90B" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1158,1322,1639,1664]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FB0EC40CFADEF90B" box="[1158,1322,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and likely unique among congeners, the length of upper jaw (maxilla) 15.3‒15.9% SL and 57.8‒60.7% HL. However, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FF1FC4C5FE0FF942" authority="Paulin, 1989" authorityName="Paulin" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,507,1710,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coheni">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FF1FC4C5FE90F943" box="[151,356,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Physiculus coheni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D59FFF0FEE4C4C5FE0FF942" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[364,507,1710,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has a maxilla length, 28.7% SL (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D59FFF0FCF0C4C5FBF9F942" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[888,1037,1710,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), exceeding that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FB66C4C4FA61F943" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1262,1429,1711,1736]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FB66C4C4FA61F943" box="[1262,1429,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This proportion is misleading because, based on the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D59FFF0FC50C4B9FB98F966" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[984,1132,1746,1773]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), the 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D59FFF0FB23C4B9FAF9F967" box="[1195,1293,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FABDC4B8FA69F967" authorityName="Paulin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1333,1437,1746,1772]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coheni">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FABDC4B8FA69F967" box="[1333,1437,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. coheni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has lost the distal portion of its body and possesses a large regenerated caudal end. Therefore, it is not appropriate to standardize the maxilla length with its incomplete body length. The maxilla length was standardized by its head length instead. As a result, the maxilla length of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FD48C554FCDCF8D3" authorityName="Paulin" authorityYear="1989" box="[704,808,1854,1880]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coheni">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FD48C554FCDCF8D3" box="[704,808,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. coheni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 50.8% HL, which is distinctly shorter than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D59FFF0FA00C554FED5F8F7" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D59FFF0FA00C554FED5F8F7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(57.8‒60.7% HL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF32661C1D58FFF1FF1FC477FE4FF92B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566102/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" startId="7.[151,250,1564,1588]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1540]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D58FFF1FF1FC477FE4FF92B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1564,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FF1FC477FEE6F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Dentition and gill arch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D58FFF1FD92C477FCFEF9BF" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[538,778,1564,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FD92C477FCFEF9BF" box="[538,778,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FC98C477FC69F9BF" bold="true" box="[784,925,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D58FFF1FC98C477FC94F9BF" box="[784,864,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–B.
</emphasis>
Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the holotype, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FE95C42BFEA1F9D3" bold="true" box="[285,341,1600,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C–D.</emphasis>
Dentition of upper and lower jaws of the paratype, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FC65C42BFBF1F9D3" bold="true" box="[1005,1029,1600,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">E.</emphasis>
The first right gill arch of the holotype, two arrows indicate the position of the uppermost and lowermost rakers of the upper and lower limbs. Scale bar = 2 mm (upperright corner of each picture).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C357651F1D58FFFFFF4FC499FE2BF9A7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D58FFFFFF4FC499FAEBFF72" blockId="7.[151,1437,1778,2021]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D58FFF1FF4FC499FECFF887" bold="true" box="[199,315,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Remarks.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D58FFF1FEE7C499FE25F887" box="[367,465,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a large female with ripe ovaries and the 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D58FFF1FC12C498FC0EF886" box="[922,1018,1779,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is likely a subadult without developed gonads. They differ from each other significantly in several morphometric proportions, dentition, and appearance: pelvic fin in 
<typeStatus id="54F688361D58FFF1FEA1C551FE7FF8DF" box="[297,395,1850,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
extends slightly behind the anal-fin origin when appressed, its length 14.3% SL and 54.5% HL (vs. extends well behind the anal-fin origin, 22.1% SL and 83.6 % HL); barbel length 4.0% HL (vs. 10.5% HL); three rows of caniniform teeth on both jaws (vs. two rows); dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins are dark reddish-brown (vs. reddish-orange). Except for the aforementioned characters, other morphometric and meristic characters are consistent between the 
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD1D1D58FFF1FE17C5A0FDF6F86E" box="[415,514,1995,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="generic">two type</specimenCount>
specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6CF032F1D58FFF1FD06C5A1FCFAF86F" box="[654,782,1994,2020]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,332,356]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,239,604,630]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. and two similar species. HT = holotype; PT = paratype." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Meristic and proportional data related to distance from interventral line to anal-fin origin (InV-af) of seven species of Physiculus. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; GR = gill rakers; LL = lateral line; SR = scale rows." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" tableUuid-0="DF32661C1D59FFF0FF1FC327FF0FFE02" tableUuid-1="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
). We performed DNA barcoding analysis and constructed a phylogenetic tree (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D56FFFFFEF5C2FCFE35FF39" box="[381,449,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,312,988]" captionTargetId="figure-63@9.[151,1436,309,992]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed by the best-fitting Tamura-Nei + Γ + I substitution model, based on COI sequences of selected species of Physiculus from Taiwan. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-2383.42) is shown. Two undescribed species, Physiculus sp. 2 and sp. 3 (sensu Koeda &amp; Ho, 2019), were included. Gadus morhua, L. rhacina, M. moro and S. australis were selected as outgroups. Bootstrap proportions below 50% not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566104/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) to further confirm the identification of the new species. The COI sequences of the 
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD1D1D56FFFFFAFAC2FCFEF8FF5E" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
are 100% identical and reveal a single lineage with 100% bootstrap support. With high similarities in morphological and molecular data, the aforementioned morphological variations are likely ontogenetic.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" ID-Table-UUID="DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32661C1D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" startId="8.[151,239,604,630]" targetBox="[165,1993,682,1583]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D57FFFEFF1FC037FD62FD11" blockId="8.[151,2038,604,666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFF1FC037FEFEFDFD" bold="true" box="[151,266,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Meristic and proportional data related to distance from interventral line to anal-fin origin (InV-af) of seven species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFA76C037F986FDFD" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1858" box="[1534,1650,604,630]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFA76C037F986FDFD" box="[1534,1650,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Physiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; GR = gill rakers; LL = lateral line; SR = scale rows.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D57FFFEFE7DC0C1FDAEF9A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<table id="F94DC4341D570009FF2DC0C1F83DF9A4" box="[165,1993,682,1583]" gridcols="8" gridrows="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC0C1F83DFD6C" box="[165,1993,682,743]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC0C1FD12FD6C" box="[501,742,682,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFE7DC0C1FD12FD48" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[501,742,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFE7DC0C1FD12FD48" box="[501,742,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFE7DC0A5FDB1FD6C" bold="true" box="[501,581,718,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D57FFFEFE7DC0A5FDB1FD6C" box="[501,581,718,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C0C1FC1CFD6C" box="[784,1000,682,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFC98C0C1FC4DFD48" authorityName="Gonzalez, Triay-Portella &amp; Biscoito" authorityYear="2018" box="[784,953,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFC98C0C1FC4DFD48" box="[784,953,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C0C1FB6BFD6C" box="[1048,1183,682,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFB90C0C1FB6BFD48" authorityName="Bruss" authorityYear="1986" box="[1048,1183,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFB90C0C1FB6BFD48" box="[1048,1183,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C0C1FA60FD6C" box="[1256,1428,682,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFB60C0C1FA82FD48" authorityName="Trunov" authorityYear="1991" box="[1256,1398,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maslowskii">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFB60C0C1FA82FD48" box="[1256,1398,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. maslowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C0C1F9B5FD6C" box="[1464,1601,682,743]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEFA30C0C1F9B5FD48" box="[1464,1601,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFA30C0C1F9B5FD48" box="[1464,1601,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C0C1F8E6FD6C" box="[1672,1810,682,743]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D57FFFEF900C0C1F8E6FD48" authorityName="Gilbert" authorityYear="1890" box="[1672,1810,682,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nematopus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEF900C0C1F8E6FD48" box="[1672,1810,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. nematopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C0C1F83DFD6C" box="[1864,1993,682,743]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEF8C0C0C1F859FD48" box="[1864,1965,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">P. talarae</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC09DF83DFC84" box="[165,1993,758,783]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC09DFE35FC84" box="[165,449,758,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Data source</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC09DFD12FC84" box="[501,742,758,783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">This study</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C09DFC1CFC84" box="[784,1000,758,783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEFC98C09DFC1CFC84" author="Gonzalez, J. A. &amp; Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M." box="[784,1000,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="286 - 292" refId="ref6625" refString="Gonzalez, J. A., Triay-Portella, R. &amp; Biscoito, M. (2018) A new species of Physiculus (Teleostei: Moridae) from the Cape Verde Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4461 (2), 286 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4461.2.10" type="journal article" year="2018">
González 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFCFEC09DFC5DFC84" box="[886,937,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C09DFB6BFC84" box="[1048,1183,758,783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEFB90C09DFB6DFC84" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1048,1177,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C09DFA60FC84" box="[1256,1428,758,783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEFB60C09DFA60FC84" author="Pires, A. M. A. &amp; Carvalho-Filho, A. &amp; Ferreira, R. C. P. &amp; Viana, D. &amp; Nunes, D. &amp; Hazin, F. H. V." box="[1256,1428,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="67 - 80" refId="ref7419" refString="Pires, A. M. A., Carvalho-Filho, A., Ferreira, R. C. P., Viana, D., Nunes, D. &amp; Hazin, F. H. V. (2019) Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4671 (1), 67 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4671.1.5" type="journal article" year="2019">
Pires 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D57FFFEFAA9C09DFAA1FC84" box="[1313,1365,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C09DF9B5FC84" box="[1464,1601,758,783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEFA30C09DF9CDFC84" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1464,1593,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C09DF8E6FC84" box="[1672,1810,758,783]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEF900C09DF8FDFC84" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1672,1801,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C09DF83DFC84" box="[1864,1993,758,783]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D57FFFEF8C0C09DF83CFC84" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1864,1992,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="93 - 133" refId="ref7362" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (1), 93 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10423706" type="journal article" year="1989">Paulin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC175F83DFCBC" box="[165,1993,798,823]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC175FE35FCBC" box="[165,449,798,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Value format</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC175FD12FCBC" box="[501,742,798,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">HT; PT</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C175FC1CFCBC" box="[784,1000,798,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">HT (range), n=10</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C175FB6BFCBC" box="[1048,1183,798,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Range, n=2</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C175FA60FCBC" box="[1256,1428,798,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Range, n=3</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C175F9B5FCBC" box="[1464,1601,798,823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Range, n=8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C175F8E6FCBC" box="[1672,1810,798,823]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Range, n=27</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C175F83DFCBC" box="[1864,1993,798,823]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Range, n=16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC12DF83DFCD4" box="[165,1993,838,863]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC12DFE35FCD4" box="[165,449,838,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC12DFD12FCD4" box="[501,742,838,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">307.2; 143.6</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C12DFC1CFCD4" box="[784,1000,838,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">167 (83‒168)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C12DFB6BFCD4" box="[1048,1183,838,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">68.2‒78</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C12DF9B5FCD4" box="[1464,1601,838,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">87‒258</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C12DF8E6FCD4" box="[1672,1810,838,863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">92‒136</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C12DF83DFCD4" box="[1864,1993,838,863]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">74‒240</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC105F83DFC0C" box="[165,1993,878,903]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC105F83DFC0C" box="[165,1993,878,903]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Meristics</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC1FCF83DFC3B" box="[165,1993,919,944]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC1FCFE35FC3B" box="[165,449,919,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">First dorsal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC1FCFD12FC3B" box="[501,742,919,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9; 9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C1FCFC1CFC3B" box="[784,1000,919,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">12 (11‒12)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C1FCFB6BFC3B" box="[1048,1183,919,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8‒9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C1FCFA60FC3B" box="[1256,1428,919,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">11‒12</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C1FCF9B5FC3B" box="[1464,1601,919,944]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C1FCF8E6FC3B" box="[1672,1810,919,944]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9‒11</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C1FCF83DFC3B" box="[1864,1993,919,944]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">10‒11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC1D4F83DFC53" box="[165,1993,959,984]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC1D4FE35FC53" box="[165,449,959,984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Second dorsal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC1D4FD12FC53" box="[501,742,959,984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">74; 69</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C1D4FC1CFC53" box="[784,1000,959,984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">58 (57‒67)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C1D4FB6BFC53" box="[1048,1183,959,984]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">58‒63</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C1D4FA60FC53" box="[1256,1428,959,984]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">57–62</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C1D4F9B5FC53" box="[1464,1601,959,984]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">73‒75</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C1D4F8E6FC53" box="[1672,1810,959,984]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">59‒63</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C1D4F83DFC53" box="[1864,1993,959,984]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">60‒63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC18CF83DFB8B" box="[165,1993,999,1024]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC18CFE35FB8B" box="[165,449,999,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC18CFD12FB8B" box="[501,742,999,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">80; 74</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C18CFC1CFB8B" box="[784,1000,999,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">63 (63‒69)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C18CFB6BFB8B" box="[1048,1183,999,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">63‒68</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C18CFA60FB8B" box="[1256,1428,999,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">65–72</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C18CF9B5FB8B" box="[1464,1601,999,1024]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">76‒78</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C18CF8E6FB8B" box="[1672,1810,999,1024]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">67‒76</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C18CF83DFB8B" box="[1864,1993,999,1024]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">64‒78</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC664F83DFBA3" box="[165,1993,1039,1064]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC664FE35FBA3" box="[165,449,1039,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Pelvic-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC664FD12FBA3" box="[501,742,1039,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5; 5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C664FC1CFBA3" box="[784,1000,1039,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC653F83DFBDA" box="[165,1993,1080,1105]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC653FE35FBDA" box="[165,449,1080,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC653FD12FBDA" box="[501,742,1080,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">24/24; 24/24</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C653FC1CFBDA" box="[784,1000,1080,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">27 (26‒28)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C653FB6BFBDA" box="[1048,1183,1080,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">23‒35</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C653FA60FBDA" box="[1256,1428,1080,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">28–29</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C653F9B5FBDA" box="[1464,1601,1080,1105]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">25</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C653F8E6FBDA" box="[1672,1810,1080,1105]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">21‒24</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C653F83DFBDA" box="[1864,1993,1080,1105]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">26‒28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC60BF83DFBF2" box="[165,1993,1120,1145]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC60BFE35FBF2" box="[165,449,1120,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Total caudal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC60BFD12FBF2" box="[501,742,1120,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">27; 31</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C60BFC1CFBF2" box="[784,1000,1120,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">27 (25‒28)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC6E3F83DFB2A" box="[165,1993,1160,1185]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC6E3FE35FB2A" box="[165,449,1160,1185]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Scales in longitudinal series</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC6E3FD12FB2A" box="[501,742,1160,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">122; 114</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C6E3FC1CFB2A" box="[784,1000,1160,1185]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">123 (111‒128)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C6E3FB6BFB2A" box="[1048,1183,1160,1185]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">80</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C6E3FA60FB2A" box="[1256,1428,1160,1185]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">120–130</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C6E3F9B5FB2A" box="[1464,1601,1160,1185]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">120</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C6E3F8E6FB2A" box="[1672,1810,1160,1185]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">90‒100</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C6E3F83DFB2A" box="[1864,1993,1160,1185]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC6DBF83DFB66" box="[165,1993,1200,1261]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC6DBFE35FB66" box="[165,449,1200,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">SR between 1st dorsal-fin base and LL</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC6DBFD12FB66" box="[501,742,1200,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">10/11; 10/10</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C6DBFC1CFB66" box="[784,1000,1200,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8 (8‒9)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C6DBFB6BFB66" box="[1048,1183,1200,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C6DBFA60FB66" box="[1256,1428,1200,1261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8–11</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C6DBF9B5FB66" box="[1464,1601,1200,1261]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">11</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C6DBF8E6FB66" box="[1672,1810,1200,1261]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">7‒8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C6DBF83DFB66" box="[1864,1993,1200,1261]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9‒10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC696F83DFA9D" box="[165,1993,1277,1302]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC696FE35FA9D" box="[165,449,1277,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Upper limb GR</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC696FD12FA9D" box="[501,742,1277,1302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5/5; 5/5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C696FC1CFA9D" box="[784,1000,1277,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5 (4‒5)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C696FB6BFA9D" box="[1048,1183,1277,1302]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C696FA60FA9D" box="[1256,1428,1277,1302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">4–5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C696F9B5FA9D" box="[1464,1601,1277,1302]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">3‒4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C696F8E6FA9D" box="[1672,1810,1277,1302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">4‒5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C696F83DFA9D" box="[1864,1993,1277,1302]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">4‒5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC74EF83DFAB5" box="[165,1993,1317,1342]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC74EFE35FAB5" box="[165,449,1317,1342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Lower limb GR</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC74EFD12FAB5" box="[501,742,1317,1342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">10/12; 12/11</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C74EFC1CFAB5" box="[784,1000,1317,1342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">11 (10‒11)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C74EFB6BFAB5" box="[1048,1183,1317,1342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">12‒14</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C74EFA60FAB5" box="[1256,1428,1317,1342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9–10</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C74EF9B5FAB5" box="[1464,1601,1317,1342]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9‒10</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C74EF8E6FAB5" box="[1672,1810,1317,1342]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">10‒12</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C74EF83DFAB5" box="[1864,1993,1317,1342]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">12‒13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC726F83DFAED" box="[165,1993,1357,1382]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC726FE35FAED" box="[165,449,1357,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Total vertebrae</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC726FD12FAED" box="[501,742,1357,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">54; 53</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C726FC1CFAED" box="[784,1000,1357,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">55 (52‒55)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C726FB6BFAED" box="[1048,1183,1357,1382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">55</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C726F9B5FAED" box="[1464,1601,1357,1382]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">48‒55</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C726F8E6FAED" box="[1672,1810,1357,1382]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">56‒58</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C726F83DFAED" box="[1864,1993,1357,1382]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">52‒56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC71EF83DFA05" box="[165,1993,1397,1422]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC71EF83DFA05" box="[165,1993,1397,1422]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Morphometrics (% InV‒af)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC7F5F83DFA3C" box="[165,1993,1438,1463]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC7F5FE35FA3C" box="[165,449,1438,1463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">LO length</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC7F5FD12FA3C" box="[501,742,1438,1463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">5.5; 6.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C7F5FC1CFA3C" box="[784,1000,1438,1463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">11.1 (6.8‒13.3)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C7F5FB6BFA3C" box="[1048,1183,1438,1463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8.0‒8.9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C7F5FA60FA3C" box="[1256,1428,1438,1463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">9.3–12.5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C7F5F9B5FA3C" box="[1464,1601,1438,1463]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">6.1‒7.4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C7F5F8E6FA3C" box="[1672,1810,1438,1463]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">7.1‒8.3</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C7F5F83DFA3C" box="[1864,1993,1438,1463]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">8.0‒10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC7ADF83DFA54" box="[165,1993,1478,1503]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC7ADFE35FA54" box="[165,449,1478,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">InV-LO</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC7ADFD12FA54" box="[501,742,1478,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">46.9; 50.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C7ADFC1CFA54" box="[784,1000,1478,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">25.0 (20.0‒26.3)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C7ADFB6BFA54" box="[1048,1183,1478,1503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">32.9‒36.9</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C7ADFA60FA54" box="[1256,1428,1478,1503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">23.8–34.8</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C7ADF9B5FA54" box="[1464,1601,1478,1503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">39.3‒45.5</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C7ADF8E6FA54" box="[1672,1810,1478,1503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">16.2‒19.1</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C7ADF83DFA54" box="[1864,1993,1478,1503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">16.0‒20.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC785F83DF98C" box="[165,1993,1518,1543]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC785FE35F98C" box="[165,449,1518,1543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">LO-an</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC785FD12F98C" box="[501,742,1518,1543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">17.9; 22.6</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FC98C785FC1CF98C" box="[784,1000,1518,1543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">27.8 (18.2‒27.8)</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB90C785FB6BF98C" box="[1048,1183,1518,1543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">13.4</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FB60C785FA60F98C" box="[1256,1428,1518,1543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">20.5–27.7</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FA30C785F9B5F98C" box="[1464,1601,1518,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">13.1‒15.2</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F900C785F8E6F98C" box="[1672,1810,1518,1543]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">25.0‒29.1</td>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009F8C0C785F83DF98C" box="[1864,1993,1518,1543]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">20.8‒25.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D34D61D570009FF2DC47DF83DF9A4" box="[165,1993,1558,1583]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76AC5DAA1D570009FF2DC47DFE35F9A4" box="[165,449,1558,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">InV-an</th>
<td id="76AC5DAA1D570009FE7DC47DFD12F9A4" box="[501,742,1558,1583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">74.2; 83.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32661C1D56FFFFFF1FC193FB28FBF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5566104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566104/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" startId="9.[151,250,1016,1040]" targetBox="[151,1435,312,988]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BF236941D56FFFFFF1FC193FB28FBF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1016,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFF1FC193FEE7FB9B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1016,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed by the best-fitting Tamura-Nei + Γ + I substitution model, based on COI sequences of selected species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFD0DC677FD07FBBF" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1858" box="[645,755,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFD0DC677FD07FBBF" box="[645,755,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Taiwan. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-2383.42) is shown. Two undescribed species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFD85C62BFD40FBD3" box="[525,692,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFD85C62BFD8FFBD3" box="[525,635,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus</emphasis>
sp. 2
</taxonomicName>
and sp. 3 (
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFCA1C62AFC95FBD3" box="[809,865,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D56FFFFFCE0C62BFBC5FBD3" author="Koeda, K. &amp; Ho, H. - C." box="[872,1073,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" refId="ref7057" refString="Koeda, K. &amp; Ho, H. - C. (Eds.) (2019) Fishes of Southern Taiwan. National Marine Museum of Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, 1353 pp." type="book" year="2019">Koeda &amp; Ho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
), were included. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFB6AC62BFA8DFBD3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1250,1401,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morhua">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFB6AC62BFA8DFBD3" box="[1250,1401,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Gadus morhua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFA00C62AFF11FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Lotella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhacina">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFA00C62AFF11FBF7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">L. rhacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFF7AC60EFEBDFBF7" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[242,329,1125,1148]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moro">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFF7AC60EFEBDFBF7" box="[242,329,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">M. moro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFEF2C60FFE18FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[378,492,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Salilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFEF2C60FFE18FBF7" box="[378,492,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">S. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were selected as outgroups. Bootstrap proportions below 50% not shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D56FFFFFF4FC6C1FDACFADF" blockId="9.[151,1437,1194,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
Molecular data reveal 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFE49C6C1FD3FFB4F" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[449,715,1194,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFE49C6C1FD3FFB4F" box="[449,715,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closest to an undescribed species from 
<collectingCountry id="F35A76041D56FFFFFB15C6C1FB1BFB4F" box="[1181,1263,1194,1220]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFB74C6C1FF51FB63" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFB74C6C1FA81FB4F" box="[1276,1397,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus</emphasis>
sp. 3
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFF3FC6A4FF01FB63" box="[183,245,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D56FFFFFF76C6A5FE29FB63" author="Koeda, K. &amp; Ho, H. - C." box="[254,477,1230,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" refId="ref7057" refString="Koeda, K. &amp; Ho, H. - C. (Eds.) (2019) Fishes of Southern Taiwan. National Marine Museum of Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, 1353 pp." type="book" year="2019">Koeda &amp; Ho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The two species are sister to each other with 100% bootstrap support (
<figureCitation id="13762A111D56FFFFFA9CC6A5FAAEFB62" box="[1300,1370,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,312,988]" captionTargetId="figure-63@9.[151,1436,309,992]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed by the best-fitting Tamura-Nei + Γ + I substitution model, based on COI sequences of selected species of Physiculus from Taiwan. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-2383.42) is shown. Two undescribed species, Physiculus sp. 2 and sp. 3 (sensu Koeda &amp; Ho, 2019), were included. Gadus morhua, L. rhacina, M. moro and S. australis were selected as outgroups. Bootstrap proportions below 50% not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5566104/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The genetic distance between the COI sequences of the two species is 3.3%, as calculated by the K2P model (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D56FFFFFAB6C699FF27FABB" author="Kimura, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="114" pagination="111 - 120" refId="ref7008" refString="Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16 (2), 111 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01731581" type="journal article" year="1980">Kimura, 1980</bibRefCitation>
). More specimens and sequences are needed to confirm the taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFBE9C77DFAEEFABB" box="[1121,1306,1302,1329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFBE9C77DFB2EFABB" box="[1121,1242,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus</emphasis>
sp. 3
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFF1FC751FEB8FADF" box="[151,332,1338,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFF1FC751FEE4FADF" box="[151,272,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Physiculus</emphasis>
sp. 3
</taxonomicName>
is not described herein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236941D56FFFFFF4FC735FE2BF9A7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1194,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D56FFFFFF4FC735FE24FAF3" author="Chiang, W. - C. &amp; Lin, P. - L. &amp; Chen, W. - Y. &amp; Liu, D. - C." box="[199,464,1374,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" refId="ref6283" refString="Chiang, W. - C., Lin, P. - L., Chen, W. - Y. &amp; Liu, D. - C. (2014) Marine fishes in Eastern Taiwan. Fisheries Research Institute Special Publication. Vol. 18. Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, 337 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Chiang 
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFEA8C734FEADFAF3" box="[288,345,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 46
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3) labeled a photograph as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFCB4C735FAF3FAF2" authority="(Bohlke &amp; Mead, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Bohlke &amp; Mead" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[828,1287,1374,1401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Gadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFCB4C735FC1BFAF3" box="[828,1007,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Gadella jordani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B651D56FFFFFC77C735FB0BFAF2" author="Bohlke, J. E. &amp; Mead, G. W." box="[1023,1279,1374,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref6073" refString="Bohlke, J. E. &amp; Mead, G. W. (1951) Physiculus jordani, a new gadoid fish from deep water off Japan. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin, 4 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="1951">Böhlke &amp; Mead, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F35A76041D56FFFFFF1FC7E9FF19FA17" box="[151,237,1410,1436]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. However, the specimens in their figure show the following characters: presence of a chin barbel; all fins reddish-orange; mouth large and maxilla extends well beyond the level of the posterior edge of orbit; rays of second dorsal and anal fins generally uniform in height. Their specimen was most likely 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D171D56FFFFFBDDC7A0FB0AFA6F" authority="Tang, 2021" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1109,1278,1483,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFBDDC7A0FB0AFA6F" box="[1109,1278,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">P. megastomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EA861D56FFFFFA81C7A1FA93FA6F" bold="true" box="[1289,1383,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57FD1D56FFFFFA81C7A1FA93FA6F" box="[1289,1383,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The specimen was examined by Dr. H.-C. Ho, but it is badly damaged due to preservation (Ho, pers. comm.) and is not included in the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>