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<document id="D0710DBDF41A6B12A278A37540BC5EE6" ID-CLB-Dataset="27966" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dad7d04-f7c6-4300-9240-8f2e44d0c257" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2609733" ID-ZooBank="B8EA1721-D5EF-4605-BA03-93E3CF255E3E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553623512997" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius &amp; Solis, M. Alma" docDate="2018" docId="03C087FA105F601A7E85D4881620FB03" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simplimorpha Scoble 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="FFF9FF82105D60187E12D41F1504FF96" masterDocTitle="A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1698713697967" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1EB9756BA4D8E9AB4DD6D9CC785F7B94">A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5267DEEE0F7DBEEA070085791CF643DE">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C087FA105F601A7E85D4881620FB03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087FA105F601A7E85D4881620FB03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087FA105F601A7E85D4881620FB03" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<subSubSection id="C3736567105F601A7E85D488171FFF24" box="[151,539,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7911C2105F601A7E85D488171FFF24" box="[151,539,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7E85D4881711FF24" ID-CoL="7H4P" ID-ENA="431653" authority="Scoble, 1983: 15" authorityName="Scoble" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,533,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7E85D4881440FF27" bold="true" box="[151,324,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810FD105F601A7F58D4871711FF24" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[330,533,152,178]" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D105F601A7F58D48714EEFF24" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[330,490,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref10305" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1983) A revised cladistic classification of the Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of new taxa mainly from South Africa. Transvaal Museum Monograph, 2, i-xi + 105 pp." type="book" year="1983">Scoble, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 15
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.
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<subSubSection id="C3736567105F601A7E85D4A5141BFF45" box="[151,287,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7E85D4A5141BFF45" blockId="2.[151,539,151,211]" box="[151,287,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7E8DD4A51413FF45" box="[159,279,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–49" captionStart-1="FIGURES 50–57" captionStart-2="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1021,1043]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1412,187,996]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[153,1433,181,1026]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." captionText-1="FIGURES 50–57. Wing venation of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 50, S. nielseni, forewing, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 51, same, hindwing; 52, 53, S. promissa, forewing, Crimea, Europe, temporary slide, LEU; 54, lanceifoliella, forewing (modified after Scoble 1983); 55, same, hindwing; 56, S. eucryphiae, forewing (modified after Hoare 2000); 57, same, hindwing Remarks: yet although the wing venation in general is valuable it is not without its limitations: independent losses are likely; being extreme tiny moths, the venation can be rather easily got reduced even in cases of related species (Figs. 53, 54) or, occassionally, within same species (Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000). Note that the morphological structures are drawn in different scales." captionText-2="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2609735/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 1–64</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7E85D51D176CFE8E" blockId="2.[151,752,258,311]" box="[151,616,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7911C2105F601A7E85D51D176CFE8E" box="[151,616,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810FD105F601A7E85D51D14CAFE8E" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[151,462,258,280]" page="293" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7E85D51D1499FE8E" authority="Hoare, 2000" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,413,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7E85D51D1412FE8E" box="[151,278,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D105F601A7F0ED51C1499FE8E" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[284,413,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 293
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, 294,
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7C19D51D176CFE8E" bold="true" box="[523,616,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3736567105F601A7E85D53D17DCFDEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7E85D53D17F4FEA1" blockId="2.[151,752,258,311]" box="[151,752,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus id="54D2884E105F601A7E85D53D15CDFEA1" box="[151,201,290,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7F34D53E1481FEA1" box="[294,389,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Stigmella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7F99D53E17BCFEA1" authority="Vari, 1955: 331" authorityName="Vari" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1955" box="[395,696,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceifoliella">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7F99D53E1715FEA1" box="[395,529,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">lanceifoliella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D105F601A7C04D53E1783FEA1" author="Vari, L." box="[534,647,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="331 - 351" refId="ref10735" refString="Vari, L. (1955) South African Lepidoptera I. Descriptions of new leafmining Tineina. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 22 (3), 331 - 351." type="journal article" year="1955">Vári, 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 331
</taxonomicName>
, 332.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7E85D57B17DCFDEE" blockId="2.[151,1436,356,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7E85D57B1423FEEB" bold="true" box="[151,295,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Diagnostics.</emphasis>
In contrast to all other
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7C2BD57B17CFFEEB" box="[569,715,356,381]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia with two sclerites i.e. gnathos + uncus reduced (except for a single species with a partially reduced uncus); female genitalia with a small or partially reduced corpus bursae and often broad anterior apophyses. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7D75D5B3113FFE53" authority="Busck" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1907" box="[871,1083,428,453]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7D75D5B316EFFE52" box="[871,1003,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ectoedemia</emphasis>
Busck
</taxonomicName>
(including both the subgenera
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7E85D5CF146EFE7E" authority="Busck" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,362,463,488]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7E85D5CF141FFE7E" box="[151,283,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ectoedemia</emphasis>
Busck
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7FB6D5CF17A3FE7E" authority="Hering" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1940" box="[420,679,463,488]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Zimmermannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7FB6D5CF174BFE71" box="[420,591,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Zimmermannia</emphasis>
Hering
</taxonomicName>
) and species from the genus
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7DE4D5CF1164FE7E" box="[1014,1120,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Enteucha</emphasis>
Meyrick (
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7ACBD5CE106CFE71" box="[1241,1384,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">sensu stricto</emphasis>
) are also characterized by a reduced uncus. However, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7D41D5EB16F6FD9A" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[851,1010,500,524]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7D41D5EB16F6FD9A" box="[851,1010,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7AFBD5EB1069FD9A" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1907" box="[1257,1389,500,524]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7AFBD5EB1069FD9A" box="[1257,1389,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ectoedemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7E85D6071405FDA6" box="[151,257,536,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Enteucha</emphasis>
always possess a well-developed gnathos. Additionally, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7A46D60711F7FDA6" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1108,1267,536,560]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7A46D60711F7FDA6" box="[1108,1267,536,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the forewing venation of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7F0ED62314A4FDC2" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1907" box="[284,416,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7F0ED62314A4FDC2" box="[284,416,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ectoedemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is with a closed cell (without a closed cell in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7D8DD623113AFDC2" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[927,1086,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7D8DD623113AFDC2" box="[927,1086,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the venation in
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7B20D6231098FDC2" box="[1330,1436,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Enteucha</emphasis>
is reduced to four veins in total (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D105F601A7C10D64017C8FDEE" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Remeikis, A. &amp; Solis, M. A." box="[514,716,607,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="99 - 128" refId="ref10581" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A. &amp; Solis, M. A. (2018) The American Brachinepticula gen. nov. and Manoneura Davis (Nepticulidae): a new generic concept based on a reinforced cathrema in the phallus. Biologija, 64 (2), 99 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 64 i 2.3735" type="journal article" year="2018">
Stonis
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7C42D67E178CFDEE" box="[592,648,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736567105F601A7ED5D69B1620FB03" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7ED5D69B1120FB93" blockId="2.[151,1436,356,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7ED5D69B145DFD0B" bold="true" box="[199,345,644,669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Description.</emphasis>
Adults with collar comprised of piliform or lamellar scales. Forewing pattern varying, from shiny without fascia (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7F57D6B81726FD56" box="[325,546,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–74" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,198,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 65–74. Adults of new Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) species. 65, S. cercaria Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype; 66, same, other male paratype; 67, same, abdomen; 68, S. nielseni Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen; 69, same, male holotype; 70, S. kailai Stonis sp. nov, male holotype; 71–74, S. sapphirella Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., female holotype (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609739/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 65, 66, 69, 74</figureCitation>
) to dark with one shiny fascia (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7D9AD6B816D8FD56" box="[904,988,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–74" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,198,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 65–74. Adults of new Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) species. 65, S. cercaria Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype; 66, same, other male paratype; 67, same, abdomen; 68, S. nielseni Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen; 69, same, male holotype; 70, S. kailai Stonis sp. nov, male holotype; 71–74, S. sapphirella Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., female holotype (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609739/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
), or with distinctive, shiny scales (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7B76D6B815E6FD73" captionStart="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 63, 64</figureCitation>
, and the Australian species). Wing venation (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7CFFD6D31672FD73" box="[749,886,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–57" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,187,996]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 50–57. Wing venation of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 50, S. nielseni, forewing, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 51, same, hindwing; 52, 53, S. promissa, forewing, Crimea, Europe, temporary slide, LEU; 54, lanceifoliella, forewing (modified after Scoble 1983); 55, same, hindwing; 56, S. eucryphiae, forewing (modified after Hoare 2000); 57, same, hindwing Remarks: yet although the wing venation in general is valuable it is not without its limitations: independent losses are likely; being extreme tiny moths, the venation can be rather easily got reduced even in cases of related species (Figs. 53, 54) or, occassionally, within same species (Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000). Note that the morphological structures are drawn in different scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609735/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 50–57</figureCitation>
) principally similar to the venation in
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7B21D6D31098FD72" box="[1331,1436,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Stigmella</emphasis>
Schrank but may vary from species to species. In the male genitalia, tegumen broadly rounded or truncate, laterally setose (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7EF9D70B1452FCBB" box="[235,342,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
). Vinculum large, rounded or truncate (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7D02D70B16B0FCBA" box="[784,948,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 7–10, 12</figureCitation>
), or with large lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7AE4D70B1043FCBA" box="[1270,1351,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Valva slender, with a variously developed basal part (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7CA2D728163FFCC6" box="[688,827,823,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 13–19</figureCitation>
). Transtilla with a transverse bar (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7AD3D7281070FCC6" box="[1217,1396,823,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 20–22, 24</figureCitation>
) or without transverse bar (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7FBED7431700FCE3" box="[428,516,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), or intermediate, broken medially (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7DBFD7431101FCE2" box="[941,1029,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Phallus with a juxta-like, ventral (occasionally dorsal) process (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7FE4D76017DAFC0E" box="[502,734,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 26, 28–30, 34</figureCitation>
), and a spiny cathrema (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7A13D76011EEFC0E" box="[1025,1258,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 27, 30–33, 37</figureCitation>
). In the female genitalia, anterior apophyses broad (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7C2BD7BB161AFC2A" box="[569,798,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 43, 44, 47–49</figureCitation>
), except for the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F105F601A7A42D7BB11EBFC2A" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1104,1263,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Simplimorpha">
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE105F601A7A42D7BB11EBFC2A" box="[1104,1263,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7B13D7BB1094FC2A" box="[1281,1424,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 38, 40</figureCitation>
). Ductus spermathecae with many distinctive coils (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7CF3D7D816CAFC76" box="[737,974,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 39, 41, 45, 47</figureCitation>
). Corpus bursae small (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7AF6D7D81076FC76" box="[1252,1394,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 38, 41</figureCitation>
) or greatly reduced (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7F46D7F31702FB92" box="[340,518,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka &amp; Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 42, 46, 47</figureCitation>
), usually not preserved during slide preparation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7ED5D00E103EFBDB" blockId="2.[151,1436,356,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
Larvae are leaf miners of certain Malvids (=Eurosids II) and Fabids (=Eurosids I) producing a rather long to very long linear leaf mine (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7FD5D02B1754FBDB" box="[455,592,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 58–61</figureCitation>
), with an initial part of the gallery (or more) fully filled with frass.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636EC105F601A7ED5D0481620FB03" blockId="2.[151,1436,356,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
Currently the genus comprises ten species, which almost all, except for a single species, are known from the Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanan distribution) (
<figureCitation id="13522A69105F601A7CD1D0631613FB03" box="[707,791,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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