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<mods:title id="946D0EE0B855CAEE42C838FED621BBFE">Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected during Polish expeditions to North Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0EF5D10D0B69281D984D07F51ED00C4">University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Systematic Zoology; Wita Stwosza 59, 80 - 308 Gdańsk, Poland. &amp; wojciech. gilka @ ug. edu. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8403 - 5432</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BCABC49562E732DA64CCDAD34CA0A8C1">University of Lódź, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; Banacha 12 / 16, 90 - 237 Łódź, Poland. &amp; piotr. gadawski @ biol. uni. lodz. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9334 - 1960</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFF7EE7FC16787DAD" ID-CoL="54QYC" authority="Sasa, 1980" authorityName="Sasa, 1980 Sasa" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,569,920,947]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamadecimus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF7EE7FC16787DAD" bold="true" box="[151,569,920,947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF7EE7FC15F47DAD" bold="true" box="[151,437,920,947]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Tanytarsus tamadecimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFE55E7FC16787DAD" author="Sasa, M." box="[444,569,921,947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="9 - 107" refId="ref13434" refString="Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River, Part 2. Descriptions of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Sasa, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636C27F39FFBFFF7EE7DF177A7DCF" blockId="14.[151,827,920,1014]" box="[151,827,953,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7911EC7F39FFBFFF7EE7DF177A7DCF" box="[151,827,953,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810D37F39FFBFFF7EE7DF166D7DCF" author="Sasa, M." box="[151,556,953,977]" page="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" year="1980">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFF7EE7DF166D7DCF" ID-CoL="54QYC" authority="Sasa, 1980: 26" authorityName="Sasa, 1980 Sasa" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,556,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamadecimus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF7EE7DF15D37DCF" box="[151,402,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Tanytarsus tamadecimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFE71E7DC166D7DCF" author="Sasa, M." box="[408,556,953,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="9 - 107" refId="ref13434" refString="Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River, Part 2. Descriptions of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Sasa, 1980: 26</bibRefCitation>
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(male, figs 28, 29;
<collectingCountry id="F37E76527F39FFBFFD1BE7DC17717DCF" box="[754,816,953,977]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Japan</collectingCountry>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636C27F39FFBFFF7EE7BE15617DE8" blockId="14.[151,827,920,1014]" box="[151,288,987,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A477F39FFBFFF76E7BE15597DE8" box="[159,280,987,1014]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[182,1399,196,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1435,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tanytarsus tamadecimus Sasa, 1980 (AC) and T. tamaundecimus Sasa, 1980 (DF); males, hypopygial diagnostic structures. A, D: anal point, variations; B, E: superior volsella and digitus, variations; C, F: median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385007/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8AC</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365497F39FFBFFF7EE04616237A7F" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD636C27F39FFBFFF7EE04616237A7F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1059,1733]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF7EE04615C07A23" bold="true" box="[151,385,1059,1085]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</emphasis>
Hwangju,
<date id="FFD710027F39FFBFFE14E04116FE7A20" box="[509,703,1060,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="1981-06-18" valueMax="1981-06-19" valueMin="1981-06-18">1819 June 1981</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD4B7F39FFBFFD22E04117677A23" box="[715,806,1059,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
; Kŭmgang-san,
<date id="FFD710027F39FFBFFC34E04110947A20" box="[989,1237,1059,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="1981-06-28" valueMax="1981-07-02" valueMin="1981-06-28">28 June 2 July 1981</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD4B7F39FFBFFB0BE041117D7A23" box="[1250,1340,1059,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
; Sokam,
<date id="FFD710027F39FFBFFF7EE02D155D7A7C" box="[151,284,1095,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="1981-07-08">8 July 1981</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD4B7F39FFBFFEC1E02D15367A7F" box="[296,375,1095,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; leg. W. Krzemiński.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365497F39FFBFFF2EE00914B778DB" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD636C27F39FFBFFF2EE00916817B9F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1059,1733]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF2EE009157A7A98" bold="true" box="[199,315,1132,1158]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</emphasis>
The Korean specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFD8AE00917367A9B" authorityName="Sasa, 1980 Sasa" authorityYear="1980" box="[611,887,1131,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamadecimus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFD8AE00917367A9B" box="[611,887,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Tanytarsus tamadecimus</emphasis>
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fit the original description, except for a couple of characters, possibly taken from specimens deformed before their illustrating. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFB7DE0F5115A7AB4" author="Sasa, M." box="[1172,1307,1168,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="9 - 107" refId="ref13434" refString="Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River, Part 2. Descriptions of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Sasa (1980)</bibRefCitation>
, the digitus is “composed of a long spatulated dorsal process and a ventral hook-like process connected with each other”. In fact, at the Sasas illustrations the hook-like process looks so unusually (not known from any other species) as we assume it could be misidentified with a long darkly pigmented tubercle at the digitus base that was omitted in the original illustrations (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFE42E145165E7B24" author="Sasa, M." box="[427,543,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="9 - 107" refId="ref13434" refString="Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River, Part 2. Descriptions of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Sasa 1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 29B, F, G and
<figureCitation id="13522A477F39FFBFFD1CE17A170A7B24" box="[757,843,1311,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[182,1399,196,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1435,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tanytarsus tamadecimus Sasa, 1980 (AC) and T. tamaundecimus Sasa, 1980 (DF); males, hypopygial diagnostic structures. A, D: anal point, variations; B, E: superior volsella and digitus, variations; C, F: median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385007/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Character/shape overinterpretation seems to pertain also to the anal point and median volsella (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFD7EE121174D7B40" author="Sasa, M." box="[663,780,1348,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="9 - 107" refId="ref13434" refString="Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River, Part 2. Descriptions of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Sasa 1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 29D, E and
<figureCitation id="13522A477F39FFBFFC21E12610017B40" box="[968,1088,1347,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[182,1399,196,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1435,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tanytarsus tamadecimus Sasa, 1980 (AC) and T. tamaundecimus Sasa, 1980 (DF); males, hypopygial diagnostic structures. A, D: anal point, variations; B, E: superior volsella and digitus, variations; C, F: median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385007/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
), thus we attach illustrations of selected variations to supplement the description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636C27F39FFBFFF2EE1E914B778DB" blockId="14.[151,1437,1059,1733]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFF2EE1E9159A7BBB" authorityName="Sasa, 1980 Sasa" authorityYear="1980" box="[199,475,1419,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamadecimus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF2EE1E9159A7BBB" box="[199,475,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Tanytarsus tamadecimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFDF9E1E916E17BBB" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1934" box="[528,672,1419,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinyensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFDF9E1E916E17BBB" box="[528,672,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. chinyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are treated here as close relatives (see also remarks to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFB14E1E911CD7BBB" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1934" box="[1277,1420,1419,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinyensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFB14E1E911CD7BBB" box="[1277,1420,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. chinyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The concept of the
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFE98E1CA15A77BD7" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1934" box="[369,486,1455,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinyensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFE98E1CA15A77BD7" box="[369,486,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">chinyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFD67E1D5168D7BD7" box="[654,716,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFD3AE1CA17A97BD4" author="Reiss, F. &amp; Fittkau, E. J." box="[723,1000,1455,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="75 - 200" refId="ref13257" refString="Reiss, F. &amp; Fittkau, E. J. (1971) Taxonomie und Okologie europaisch verbreiteter Tanytarsus-Arten (Chironomidae, Diptera). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, supplement 40, 75 - 200." type="journal article" year="1971">Reiss and Fittkau (1971)</bibRefCitation>
was recently refuted and/or its species composition was suggested to be reduced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFD93E1B617707BF0" author="Lin, X. - L. &amp; Stur, E. &amp; Ekrem, T." box="[634,817,1491,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="329 - 398" refId="ref12304" refString="Lin, X. - L., Stur, E. &amp; Ekrem, T. (2018 a) DNA barcodes and morphology reveal unrecognized species of Chironomidae (Diptera). Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 49, 329 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 00002172" type="journal article" year="2018">
Lin
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFD43E1B116A27BF3" box="[682,739,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2018a
</bibRefCitation>
, b); however, neither
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFBCEE1B110F97BF3" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1934" box="[1063,1208,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinyensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFBCEE1B110F97BF3" box="[1063,1208,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. chinyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFB05E1B111DD7BF3" authorityName="Sasa, 1980 Sasa" authorityYear="1980" box="[1260,1436,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamadecimus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFB05E1B111DD7BF3" box="[1260,1436,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. tamadecimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been included in the analyses. Consequently, we keep the
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFCBDE1921788780F" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1934" box="[852,969,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinyensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFCBDE1921788780F" box="[852,969,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">chinyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, with the two species and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFADAE19D15007828" authority="Reiss, 1987" authorityName="Reiss" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFADAE19D14F4782B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. cretensis</emphasis>
Reiss, 1987
</taxonomicName>
, plus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFE6BE27916CE7828" authority="Sasa, 1983" authorityName="Sasa" authorityYear="1983" box="[386,655,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamagotoi">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFE6BE279164E782B" box="[386,527,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. tamagotoi</emphasis>
Sasa, 1983
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFD2CE27910FD7828" authority="Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998" authorityName="Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai" authorityYear="1998" box="[709,1212,1563,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simantoseteus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFD2CE279173C782B" box="[709,893,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. simantoseteus</emphasis>
Sasa, Suzuki
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFBF3E279106F782B" box="[1050,1070,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et</emphasis>
Sakai, 1998
</taxonomicName>
, as it was suggested (op. cit.), plus a series of species by Sasa and co-authors:
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFCF6E22510247844" authority="Sasa, 1984" authorityName="Sasa" authorityYear="1984" box="[799,1125,1599,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuzesecundus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFCF6E22517A07847" box="[799,993,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. chuzesecundus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFC00E22510247844" author="Sasa, M." box="[1001,1125,1600,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="19 - 215" refId="ref13480" refString="Sasa, M. (1984) Studies on Chironomid Midges in Lakes of the Nikko National Park. Part II. Taxonomical and Morphological Studies on the Chironomid Species Collected from Lakes in the Nikko National Park. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 70, 19 - 215." type="journal article" year="1984">Sasa, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFB98E225150B7860" authority="Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki, 2000" authorityName="Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inawaijeus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFB98E22511447847" box="[1137,1285,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. inawaijeus</emphasis>
Sasa, Kitami
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFF7EE20114EA7863" box="[151,171,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et</emphasis>
Suzuki, 2000
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFEBCE201170F7860" authority="Sasa, Kawai et Ueno, 1988" authorityName="Sasa, Kawai et Ueno" authorityYear="1988" box="[341,846,1635,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oyaberotundus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFEBCE20116577863" box="[341,534,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. oyaberotundus</emphasis>
Sasa, Kawai
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFD59E20116857863" box="[688,708,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et</emphasis>
Ueno, 1988
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D417F39FFBFFC6CE201116F7860" authority="Sasa et Suzuki, 1999" authorityName="Sasa et Suzuki" authorityYear="1999" box="[901,1326,1635,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tusimatkeleus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFC6CE20110787863" box="[901,1081,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">T. tusimatkeleus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B337F39FFBFFBA8E201116F7860" author="Sasa, M. &amp; Suzuki, H." box="[1089,1326,1635,1662]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref13850" refString="Sasa, M. &amp; Suzuki, H. (1999) Studies on the Chironomid Midges of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Western Japan. Part 1. Species of Chironominae Collected on Tsushima. Tropical Medicine, 41, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1999">
Sasa
<emphasis id="B91DEAD07F39FFBFFB92E20110CE7863" box="[1147,1167,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et</emphasis>
Suzuki, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Males of all the species have the broad thumb-like or spatulate digitus and the horn-like posteromedian corner of the superior volsella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>