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<document id="F60A6765BA18693125281211FDAF7487" ID-CLB-Dataset="37433" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ca93d70-4a11-4a02-b5fa-33955f0ac4a3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293448" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481812313194" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Karaman, Gordan S., Borowsky, Betty &amp; Dattagupta, Sharmishtha" docDate="2010" docId="03C087AF953AFFDC90CFFE2AFC8D9FC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02439p052.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2439" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Niphargus montanarius Karaman, Borowsky &amp; Dattagupta, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFF9FFD7953BFFD49058FFE5FFBF981F" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Amphipoda, fam. Niphargidae) from the Frasassi cave system in Central Italy" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698434514521" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="091016BA7F5590FD88626C1E80F2E22E">Two new species of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Amphipoda, fam. Niphargidae) from the Frasassi cave system in Central Italy</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="05AB0B7D0528776EBBBB3C3F81955F88" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D74A70CA5096977A027BD34644E9AE14">Karaman, Gordan S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="794D7E1D32F8F7648C730089B33BEDE3">Borowsky, Betty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D0BDC8A44527D9B6FAFD69A46C812FA">Dattagupta, Sharmishtha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="898EAFFB6FB21843E0052A4B975AC463">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72BDF2A677948D77BB5FDB82EF08A7B1">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C087AF953AFFDC90CFFE2AFC8D9FC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6206888" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125137194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6206888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087AF953AFFDC90CFFE2AFC8D9FC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087AF953AFFDC90CFFE2AFC8D9FC8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C3736532953AFFD590CFFE2AFEAF9A13" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD590CFFE2AFDB599F6" blockId="1.[151,522,463,524]" box="[151,522,463,489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D09E81D5953AFFD590CFFE2AFDB599F6" bold="true" box="[151,522,463,489]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD590CFFE2AFDB599F6" bold="true" box="[151,522,463,489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A953AFFD590CFFE2AFE0699F6" ID-CoL="73ZDV" box="[151,441,463,489]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD590CFFE2AFE0699F6" bold="true" box="[151,441,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D0953AFFD59190FE2AFDB599F6" box="[456,522,463,489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD590CFFE17FEAF9A13" blockId="1.[151,522,463,524]" box="[151,272,498,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A3C953AFFD590C7FE17FEB89A13" box="[159,263,498,524]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1667,1691]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1665,1689]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,255,1843,1867]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,255,1702,1726]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox-0="[326,1254,326,1626]" captionTargetBox-1="[334,1260,326,1630]" captionTargetBox-2="[327,1257,395,1699]" captionTargetBox-3="[322,1255,502,1809]" captionTargetBox-4="[337,1262,373,1662]" captionTargetBox-5="[330,1252,575,1866]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[311,1275,309,1643]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[315,1273,309,1641]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[313,1274,383,1710]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[313,1274,496,1819]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[313,1274,347,1678]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[310,1276,570,1876]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = antenna 1; B = antenna 2; C = right mandible; D = left mandible; E = mandibular palp, inner face; F = mandibular palp, outer face; G = telson; H = uropod 3; I = urosome with uropods 1 2. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (C, D); 2 = 0.5 mm (E G); 3 = 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 4 = 2.0 mm (H)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = head; B, C = gnathopod 1; D, E = gnathopod 2. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (C, E); 2 = 0.5 mm (A); 3 = 1.0 mm (B, D)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = labrum; B = maxilla 1; C = pereopod 3; D = pereopod 4; E = epimeral plates 1 3. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (B); 3 = 1.0 mm (E); 4 = 1.0 mm (C, D)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = labium; B = maxilliped; C = pereopod 5; D = pereopod 6; E = pereopod 7. Scale bars: 1 = 0.5 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (B); 3 = 1.0 mm (C E)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = maxilla 2 length B, C, D = peduncle of pleopods 1 3. Female 17.0 mm: E G = segment 2 of pereopods 5 7; H L = dactyl of pereopods 3 7; M = uropod 1; N = uropod 2; O = uropod 3; P = telson. Scale bars: 1 = 0.5 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (H L, P); 3 = 1.0 mm (B D); 4 = 1.0 mm (E G); 5 = 1.0 mm (M O)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Niphargus montanarius, n. sp., Lago Bugianardo, female 17.0 mm: A D = coxae 1 4; E = gnathopod 1; F = right gnathopod 2; G = left gnathopod 2; H = epimeral plates 1 3. Scale bars: 1 = 1.0 mm (A F, H)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/293449/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/294424/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/293451/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/294426/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/293453/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/293454/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Figs 16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736532953AFFD590CFFDD8FD589AD8" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD590CFFDD8FD589AD8" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD590CFFDD8FE3C9A48" bold="true" box="[151,387,573,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37E7629953AFFD591CAFDD8FE589A48" box="[402,487,573,599]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">ITALY</collectingCountry>
: “Lago Bugianardo”, cave on left side of the Sentino River at the base of Frasassi Gorge (Genga reg., central
<collectingCountry id="F37E7629953AFFD59182FD87FDAB9A63" box="[474,532,610,636]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Italy</collectingCountry>
),
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD30953AFFD59271FD87FD0E9A63" box="[553,689,610,636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, adult (male,
<typeStatus id="54D2881B953AFFD5930AFD87FC029A63" box="[850,957,610,636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), May, 2008 (leg. Dattagupta, S.); -ibid., September, 15, 2009,
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD30953AFFD591C0FD6DFD979ABD" box="[408,552,648,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(leg. Dattagupta, S.). The
<typeStatus id="54D2881B953AFFD59339FD6DFC779ABD" box="[865,968,648,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and one female specimen are deposited in the Museum of Natural History in Verona,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7629953AFFD592F4FD48FD5B9AD8" box="[684,740,685,711]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736532953AFFD5909EFD37FDB89BB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EFD37FDB89BB8" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD5909EFD37FE809AF3" bold="true" box="[198,319,722,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Large species, large unequal gnathopods bearing a row of short setae along outer margin of dactyl. Outer plate of maxilla 1 with 7 spines, each spine bearing 1 or 2 lateral teeth. Dactyl of pereopods 37 with several inner marginal spines (more than one on almost all dactyls); segment 2 of pereopods 57 narrow, unlobed. Pleopods with 2 retinacula. Epimeral plates 23 angular. Uropods 12 with rami of equal length (females) or inner ramus slightly longer than outer one (male). Uropod 3 long, second segment of outer ramus long. Telson with gaping lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736532953AFFDC909EFC57FD179D28" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EFC57FD409BD3" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" box="[198,767,946,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD5909EFC57FEE89BD3" bold="true" box="[198,343,946,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953AFFD5913EFC57FE199BD3" bold="true" box="[358,422,946,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Male</emphasis>
21.0 mm, mature (
<typeStatus id="54D2881B953AFFD592DCFC57FD4D9BD3" box="[644,754,946,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD590CFFC3DFB299C98" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
Body slender, metasomal segments 13 with 3 or 4 short dorsoposterior setae each; epimeral plates 12 broadly angular, with slightly convex posterior margin, epimeral plate 3 angular with straight posterior margin; epimeral plate 2 with 2 subventral spines, epimeral plate 3 with 3 subventral spines (fig. 3E). Urosomite 1 with 2 setae on each side, and with one ventroposterior spine near peduncle of uropod 1 (fig.
<date id="FFD71079953AFFD59529FBADFA349C7D" box="[1393,1419,1096,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">1I</date>
); urosomite 2 on each side with 3 slender spines and 1 seta (fig.
<date id="FFD71079953AFFD5932DFB88FC319C98" box="[885,910,1133,1159]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">1I</date>
), urosomite 3 smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EFB77FE4B9CCD" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Head with short rostrum, lateral cephalic lobes short, slightly rounded, with concave ventroanterior margin (fig. 2A), eyes absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EFB38FC8E9D78" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Antenna 1 reaching half of body length; peduncular segments 13 progressively shorter, peduncular segment 3 reaching nearly half of peduncular segment 2, all sparsely setose (fig. 1A); main flagellum with 25 articles, most of them with one short aesthetasc each; accessory flagellum short, 2-segmented (fig. 1A), almost reaching half the length of peduncular segment 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EFA97FE3B9DC8" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Antenna 2 peduncular segment 5 slightly longer than segment 4, each with several bunches of setae (fig. 1B); flagellum slender, nearly as long as last peduncular segment, consisting of 13 articles; antennal gland cone short (fig. 1B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909CFA07FB509DE3" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" box="[196,1263,1506,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Mouthparts. Labrum broader than long, entire (fig. 3A). Labium with inner lobes (fig. 4A).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909CF9EDFC329E73" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Maxilla 1: inner plate short, with 2 distal setae (fig. 3B); outer plate with 7 spines [1 or 2 spines with 2 lateral teeth each, other spines with one lateral tooth each]; palp 2-segmented, with 7 distal setae (fig. 3B). Maxilla 2 normal, both plates with marginal setae only (fig. 5A).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909EF99DFC3B9EC3" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Maxilliped: inner plate short, with 4 or 5 distal spines intermixed with single setae (fig. 4B); outer plate with row of inner marginal spines; palp articles 3 at outer margin with 2 median setae; dactyl slender, with one median seta at outer margin; nail shorter than pedestal (fig. 4B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909CF90DFE299F38" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Mandibles with triturative molar (fig. 1C). Left mandible with 5 incisor teeth, and 9 rakers, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth (fig. 1D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953AFFD5909CF8D7FEFC9FFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,573,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Right mandible with 4 incisor teeth and 8 rakers, lacinia mobilis pluritoothed (fig. 1C). Mandibular palp 3-segmented, first segment smooth; second segment with one facial and 14 marginal setae; palp segment 3 subfalciform, longer than palp segment 2, bearing on the outer face one group of A-setae (fig. 1F), on the inner face 5 groups of B-setae (fig. 1E); and along the inner margin nearly 30 short D-setae and 7 distal Esetae (fig. 1E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99539FFD6909CFF7DFAE498E3" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Coxae 17 short, coxae 12 much smaller than corresponding gnathopods (fig. 2B, D). Coxa 1 broader than long, with slightly rounded ventroanterior corner (fig. 2B); coxae 23 slightly longer than broad, coxa 4 nearly as long as broad, each with very short marginal setae (fig. 3C—D). Coxae 57 short (fig. 4 CE).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1666319539FFD690CFF966FEA49EE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293449/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[326,1254,326,1626]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BD636B99539FFD690CFF966FEA49EE5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1667,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9539FFD690CFF966FEA69E84" bold="true" box="[151,281,1667,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9539FFD69178F966FDA29E85" box="[288,541,1667,1690]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9539FFD69178F966FDA29E85" box="[288,541,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D09539FFD69273F966FDD89E84" box="[555,615,1667,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9539FFD69273F966FDD89E84" bold="true" box="[555,615,1667,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = antenna 1; B = antenna 2; C = right mandible; D = left mandible; E = mandibular palp, inner face; F= mandibular palp, outer face; G = telson; H = uropod 3; I = urosome with uropods 12. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (C, D); 2= 0.5 mm (EG); 3 = 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 4 = 2.0 mm (H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99539FFD6909CF8C6FBE89F22" blockId="2.[151,1436,1827,2003]" box="[196,1111,1827,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Gnathopods 12 relatively large, gnathopod 2 much larger than 1 (fig. 2 B,D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99539FFD7909CF8ACFF6698E3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1827,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Gnathopod 1: segments 34 along posterior margin with one posterior group of setae each (fig. 2B); segment 5 shorter than 6; segment 6 trapezoid, slightly longer than broad, with nearly 10 posterior groups of setae on the margin (fig. 2B); palm slightly convex, oblique; nearly 2/3 of propodus length, defined on outer face by one strong corner spine accompanied laterally by 3 shorter slender toothed spines (fig. 2BC) and 2 longer setae on outer face (fig. 2B), one short spine sitting close behind a strong corner spine on the inner face (fig. 2C). Dactyl reaching posterior margin of segment 6, bearing a row of 8 short single marginal setae, nail short.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1666319538FFD790CFF964FBEE9EA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294424/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[334,1260,326,1630]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD636B99538FFD790CFF964FBEE9EA7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1665,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9538FFD790CFF964FEA69E86" bold="true" box="[151,281,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9538FFD79147F967FDA39E86" box="[287,540,1666,1689]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9538FFD79147F967FDA39E86" box="[287,540,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D09538FFD79271F964FDDA9E86" box="[553,613,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9538FFD79271F964FDDA9E86" bold="true" box="[553,613,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = head; B, C = gnathopod 1; D, E = gnathopod 2. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (C, E); 2 = 0.5 mm (A); 3 = 1.0 mm (B, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99538FFD7909CF907FE469FC3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1762,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Gnathopod 2: segments 34 with one posterior group of setae each; segment 5 much shorter than 6, narrow (fig. 2D). Segment 6 large, subtriangular, but almost egg-shaped, slightly longer than broad, bearing nearly 14 posterior marginal groups of setae; palm slightly convex, but extremely oblique to the basis of segment 6 (propodus), defined on outer face by one strong corner spine accompanied by 3 short slender toothed spines sitting behind corner spine, and by 2 long setae (fig. 2D), on inner face by one short spine near the corner (fig. 2E). Dactyl not reaching posterior margin of segment 6, bearing a row of 8 short single setae along outer margin, nail short.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953FFFD0909CFF7DFE7A9958" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pereopods 34 long and slender, posterior margin of segment 6 with row of single spines accompanied by short setae (fig. 3CD); posterior setae on segments 45 of pereopod 3 are slightly longer than those of pereopod 4. Dactyls short, not exceeding 1/3 length of segment 6, their nail slightly shorter than pedestal, bearing at outer margin one medial seta, and at inner margin 23 single spines (pereopod 3) or 2 spines only (pereopod 4) (fig. 3CD).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF166631953FFFD090CFF923FEEF9F02" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293451/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[327,1257,395,1699]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953FFFD090CFF923FEEF9F02" blockId="4.[151,1436,1734,1821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953FFFD090CFF923FEA69EC1" bold="true" box="[151,281,1734,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A953FFFD09179F922FDA19EC1" box="[289,542,1735,1758]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953FFFD09179F922FDA19EC1" box="[289,542,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D0953FFFD09274F923FDD79EC1" box="[556,616,1734,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953FFFD09274F923FDD79EC1" bold="true" box="[556,616,1734,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = labrum; B = maxilla 1; C = pereopod 3; D = pereopod 4; E = epimeral plates 13. Scale bars: 1 = 0.25 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (B); 3 = 1.0 mm (E); 4 = 1.0 mm (C, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953FFFD1909CF8A9FD4898C8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1868,2006]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,439]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pereopods 57 long and slender, progressively longer towards pereopod 7, their segments 46 bearing bunches of short spines and setae along both margins (fig. 4CE); segment 2 narrow, slightly more than twice as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave posterior margin bearing row of short setae, ventroanterior and ventroposterior lobe not developed. Dactyl of pereopods 57 short, several times shorter than segment 6, bearing one median plumose seta at outer margin, and one spine at inner margin (pereopods 56) or 2 spines (pereopod 7); nail shorter than pedestal (fig. 4CE).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953EFFD1909CFF07FD6C9958" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pleopods 13 with 2 retinacula each. Peduncle of pleopod 1 with row of 4 short setae along anterior margin (fig. 5B); peduncle of pleopod 2 with only one anterior seta (fig. 5C); peduncle of pleopod 3 with row of posterior short setae (nearly 8 setae) (fig. 5D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953EFFD1909CFEB7FCC999A8" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Uropod 1: peduncle with row of dorsoexternal row of spine-like setae, and with row of setae along dorsointernal margin (fig.
<date id="FFD71079953EFFD19195FE9DFE59998D" box="[461,486,376,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">1I</date>
); rami slender, each with bunches of short spines and setae; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner ramus, both with short distal spines (fig.
<date id="FFD71079953EFFD19314FE78FCDA99A8" box="[844,869,413,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">1I</date>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF166631953EFFD190CFF8D6FAFA9F75" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294426/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[322,1255,502,1809]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953EFFD190CFF8D6FAFA9F75" blockId="5.[151,1436,1843,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953EFFD190CFF8D6FEA69F54" bold="true" box="[151,281,1843,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A953EFFD19147F8D6FDA39F55" box="[287,540,1843,1866]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953EFFD19147F8D6FDA39F55" box="[287,540,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D0953EFFD19271F8D6FDDA9F54" box="[553,613,1843,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953EFFD19271F8D6FDDA9F54" bold="true" box="[553,613,1843,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = labium; B = maxilliped; C = pereopod 5; D = pereopod 6; E = pereopod 7. Scale bars: 1 = 0.5 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (B); 3 = 1.0 mm (CE).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953EFFD1909CF87CFF7E9FC7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1945,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Uropod 2: outer ramus slightly shorter than inner one, both rami with lateral and distal short spines (fig.
<date id="FFD71079953EFFD190CFF85BFF0F9FC7" box="[151,176,1982,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">1I</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953DFFD2909CFF7DFB3C98E3" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Uropod 3 long, peduncle short; inner ramus short, scale-like, with 2 distal and one lateral spine; outer ramus 2-segmented, long; first segment with short spines and setae along both margins; second segment slightly shorter than first one (fig. 1H), bearing short setae on both margins and at tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953DFFD2909CFEEDFAB99958" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Telson short, slightly longer than broad, with gaping lobes (fig. 1G), each lobe with 4 distal short spines and one inner marginal spine; a pair of short plumose setae appears near the middle of each lobe.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF166631953DFFD290CFF943FD839F02" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293453/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[337,1262,373,1662]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953DFFD290CFF943FD839F02" blockId="6.[151,1436,1702,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953DFFD290CFF943FEA79EA1" bold="true" box="[151,280,1702,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A953DFFD29147F943FDA49EA2" box="[287,539,1702,1725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953DFFD29147F943FDA49EA2" box="[287,539,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953DFFD29271F943FDDB9EA1" bold="true" box="[553,612,1702,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D0953DFFD29271F943FDDB9EA1" box="[553,612,1702,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Lago Bugianardo, male 21.0 mm (holotype): A = maxilla 2 length B, C, D = peduncle of pleopods 13. Female 17.0 mm: EG = segment 2 of pereopods 57; HL = dactyl of pereopods 37; M = uropod 1; N = uropod 2; O = uropod 3; P = telson. Scale bars: 1 = 0.5 mm (A); 2 = 0.5 mm (HL, P); 3 = 1.0 mm (BD); 4 = 1.0 mm (EG); 5 = 1.0 mm (MO).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953DFFD2909CF8A3FC8E9F9A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1862,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Gills on gnathopods 12 and pereopod 34 distinctly shorter than the corresponding segment 2 (figs. 2D, 3CD). Gills on pereopods 56 short, ovoid (fig. 4CD).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953DFFD2909CF875FD609FEA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1862,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953DFFD2909CF875FE9E9FB5" bold="true" box="[196,289,1936,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Female</emphasis>
17.0 mm, mature: Body with setose oostegites and
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD30953DFFD293CFF874FC559FB4" box="[919,1002,1937,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="generic">22 juv.</specimenCount>
specimens in marsupium. Epimeral plate 1 broadly angular (fig. 6H), plates 23 with distinct ventroposterior corner and with one subventral spine (plate 2) or 3 subventral spines (plate 3) (fig. 6H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953CFFD3909CFF7DFABA98C8" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Urosomite 1 on each dorsolateral side with 1 seta, urosomite 2 on each dorsolateral side with 2 spines, urosomite 3 smooth. Ventroposterior corner of urosomite 1 with one bunch of 2 spines (fig. 5M).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953CFFD3909CFF07FE959958" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Antenna 1 slightly exceeding half of body length (ratio: 10:17), main flagellum of antenna 1 with 31 articles, that of antenna 2 with 11 articles. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 3 setae, outer plate like that in male, palp with 7 setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953CFFD3909CFEB7FEA999A8" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Inner plate of maxilliped with 4 distal spines, palp segment 3 at outer margin with 1 or 2 median setae. Mandibular palp segment 2 with 17 setae, palp segment 3 with 26 D-setae, one group of A-setae and 6 groups of B-setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953CFFD3909CFE27FE8D9A1D" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Coxa 1 broader than long, coxae 23 slightly broader than long, coxa 4 nearly as long as broad (fig. 6 length AD).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF166631953CFFD390CFF88EFB709FBC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293454/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[330,1252,575,1866]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD636B9953CFFD390CFF88EFB709FBC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1899,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953CFFD390CFF88EFEA69F9C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1899,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A953CFFD39178F889FDA19F9C" box="[288,542,1900,1923]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953CFFD39178F889FDA19F9C" box="[288,542,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Niphargus montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D0953CFFD39273F88EFDD89F9C" box="[555,615,1899,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB953CFFD39273F88EFDD89F9C" bold="true" box="[555,615,1899,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lago Bugianardo, female 17.0 mm: A D = coxae 14; E = gnathopod 1; F = right gnathopod 2; G= left gnathopod 2; H = epimeral plates 13. Scale bars: 1 = 1.0 mm (AF, H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFF7DFEE49958" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gnathopods 12 large. Gnathopod 1: much smaller than 2, segment 6 slightly longer than broad, with 9 groups of setae along posterior margin; palm, convex, inclined 2/3 of propodus length, bearing one strong corner spine accompanied laterally on outer face by 4 slender toothed spines, and on inner face by one short subcorner spine (fig. 6E); dactyl reaching posterior margin of segment 6, with row of 8 setae along outer margin (fig. 6E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFEB7FB7899C3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gnathopod 2: segment 6 almost egg-shaped, slightly longer than broad, with 1214 groups of setae along posterior margin; palm defined on outer face by 1 or 2 strong corner spines, accompanied by 3 or 4 slender toothed spines lateral to the corner spine and on the inner face by one short subcorner spine (fig. 6FG); dactyl not reaching posterior margin of segment 6, with 7 short setae along outer margin (fig. 6G).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFE0DFC089A38" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
Pereopods 34 as in male, but dactyls of pereopod 3 along inner margin with 13 spines each (fig. 5H); dactyl of pereopod 4 along inner margin with 3 or 4 spines (fig.
<date id="FFD710799533FFDC93DEFDE8FC179A38" box="[902,936,525,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">5 I</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFDD7FC469A88" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Segment 2 of pereopods 57 with narrow segment 2 more than twice as long as broad, without distinct ventroposterior and ventroanterior lobe (fig. 5 EG). Dactyl of pereopods 5 and 7 with 2 spines at inner margin, that of pereopod 6 with one spine along inner margin (fig. 5 JL).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFD47FBF19AFD" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Pleopods 13 with 2 retinacula each. Peduncle of pleopod 1 with 4 posterior and one anterior seta; that of pleopod 2 with 2 anterior setae only; peduncle of pleopod 3 with 4 anterior setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFD08FF669B4D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Uropods 12 slender. Uropod 1: peduncle with row of dorsointernal strong setae and dorsoexternal row of spines (fig. 5M), rami of equal length, bearing lateral and distal short spines and lateral bunches of simple setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFCB8FB3F9B68" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" box="[196,1152,861,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Uropod 2: rami of equal length, each with short lateral and distal spines (fig. 5N).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFC67FE949C13" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Uropod 3 relatively long, reaching half of body-length. Inner ramus short, scale-like, with 2 distal spines; outer ramus 2-segmented: first segment with spines along both margins and with single plumose setae along inner margin; second segment reaching nearly 1/3 of first segment, with simple setae along both margins and tip (fig. 5O).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFBFDFBE69C48" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Telson nearly as long as broad, with gaping lobes bearing 3 distal spines each and up to 1 inner marginal spine; a pair of short plumose setae appears near the middle of each lobe (fig. 5P).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CFB87FE3C9CBD" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Coxal gills relatively short, not reaching tip of corresponding segment 2 of pereopods. Oostegites broad, with marginal setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909EFB48FB059CF3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC909EFB48FEF59CD8" bold="true" box="[198,330,1197,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Variability</emphasis>
. The presence of 2 strong corner spines on segment 6 of one gnathopod
<quantity id="4C919B5C9533FFDC949EFB48FB499CD8" box="[1222,1270,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
the female is atypical (usually only one spine is present), but this is common within the
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC93A7FB36FBC59CF3" box="[1023,1146,1235,1260]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC93A7FB36FBC59CF3" box="[1023,1146,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Niphargus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909EFB1DFD179D28" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">The number of spines along the inner margin of the dactyl of pereopods 37 is variable, but there are usually at least several spines on each dactyl.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365329533FFDC909EFAA7FB979DB8" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909EFAA7FB979DB8" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC909EFAA7FEF49D43" bold="true" box="[198,331,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named for Prof. Dr. Alessandro Montanari, Director of the Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco located near Apiro, the
<collectingRegion id="49ADF85B9533FFDC9283FA8DFCFC9D9D" box="[731,835,1384,1410]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Marches</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC9317FA8DFC3A9D9D" box="[847,901,1384,1410]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
in honor of his comprehensive studies of the Frasassi cave system and the geological history of this part of
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC9337FA68FC1A9DB8" box="[879,933,1421,1447]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
in general.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365329533FFDC909EFA57FC8D9FC8" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909EFA57FEDA9EB3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC909EFA57FEFF9DD3" bold="true" box="[198,320,1458,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC9111FA56FDD79DD3" box="[329,616,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC9111FA56FDDB9DD3" box="[329,612,1459,1484]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius" status="sp. nov.">Niphargus montanarius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D09533FFDC9229FA57FD099DD3" box="[625,694,1458,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC9229FA57FD099DD3" bold="true" box="[625,694,1458,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinctly different from all other known
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC949FFA56FAFD9DD3" box="[1223,1346,1459,1484]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC949FFA56FAFD9DD3" box="[1223,1346,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Niphargus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa in
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC90CFFA3DFF6D9DED" box="[151,210,1496,1522]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
. While large unequal gnathopods are present in some other taxa in
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC9457FA3DFBF89DED" box="[1039,1095,1496,1522]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
(especially in the subgenus
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC90CFFA18FE929E09" box="[151,301,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Orniphargus</emphasis>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC9103FA18FCA99E08" authority="Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 1968" authorityName="Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl." authorityYear="1968" box="[347,790,1533,1559]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patrizii">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC9103FA18FE6D9E09" box="[347,466,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. patrizii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B489533FFDC9180FA18FCA99E08" author="Ruffo, S. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A." box="[472,790,1533,1559]" journalOrPublisher="Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 29" part="16" refString="Ruffo, S. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A. (1968) Alcuni Niphargus delle acque soterranee dell`Italia centro-meridionale e considerazioni sulla sistematica del gruppo orcinus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 16, 1 - 29." title="Alcuni Niphargus delle acque soterranee dell`Italia centro-meridionale e considerazioni sulla sistematica del gruppo orcinus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC937AFA18FB429E08" authority="Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 1968" authorityName="Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl." authorityYear="1968" box="[802,1277,1533,1559]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parenzani">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC937AFA18FC079E09" box="[802,952,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. parenzani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B489533FFDC93E7FA18FB429E08" author="Ruffo, S. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A." box="[959,1277,1533,1559]" journalOrPublisher="Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 29" part="16" refString="Ruffo, S. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A. (1968) Alcuni Niphargus delle acque soterranee dell`Italia centro-meridionale e considerazioni sulla sistematica del gruppo orcinus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 16, 1 - 29." title="Alcuni Niphargus delle acque soterranee dell`Italia centro-meridionale e considerazioni sulla sistematica del gruppo orcinus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Ruffo &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC95D9FA18FE319E23" authority="G. Kar., 1984" authorityName="G. Kar." authorityYear="1984" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC95D9FA18FF559E23" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. sodalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B489533FFDC90AAF9C7FE319E23" author="Karaman, G." box="[242,398,1570,1596]" journalOrPublisher="Titograd" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="39 - 64" part="30" refString="Karaman, G. (1984) Description of several new Niphargus Species (Gammaridea, Niphargidae) from southern Europe (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Amphipoda 136). Poljoprivreda i sumarstvo, Titograd, 30 (2 - 3), 39 - 64." title="Description of several new Niphargus Species (Gammaridea, Niphargidae) from southern Europe (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Amphipoda 136). Poljoprivreda i sumarstvo" type="journal article" year="1984">G. Kar., 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Teramo, various species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC931BF9C6FC089E23" box="[835,951,1571,1596]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygius">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC931BF9C6FC089E23" box="[835,951,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. stygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, etc.),
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC940CF9C6FAB49E23" box="[1108,1291,1571,1596]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarius">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC940CF9C6FAB49E23" box="[1108,1291,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. montanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in its combination of characters: long uropod
<quantity id="4C919B5C9533FFDC92F7F9ADFD609E7D" box="[687,735,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
males and females, more numerous spines on dactyls of pereopods 37, poorly developed armature on urosomites, and spines of outer plate in maxilla 1 with 1 or 2 lateral teeth each.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CF95DFB949F5D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
A shorter dactylus of gnathopod 2 not reaching the posterior margin of segment 6 is also present in large specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC9167F938FC709EE8" authority="Iannilli &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 2005" authorityName="Iannilli &amp; Vigna-Tagl." authorityYear="2005" box="[319,975,1757,1783]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornicolanus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC9167F938FDD99EE9" box="[319,614,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Niphargus cornicolanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B489533FFDC9236F938FC709EE8" author="Iannilli, V. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A." box="[622,975,1757,1783]" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="1253 - 1261" part="77" refString="Iannilli, V. &amp; Vigna-Taglianti, A. (2005) New data on the genus Niphargus (Amphipoda, Niphargidae) in Italy, with description of a new species of the orcinus group. Crustaceana, 77 (10), 1253 - 1261." title="New data on the genus Niphargus (Amphipoda, Niphargidae) in Italy, with description of a new species of the orcinus group" type="journal article" year="2005">Iannilli &amp; Vigna-Tagl., 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, known from Pozzo del Merro, 32 La (
<collectingRegion id="49ADF85B9533FFDC90C7F8E7FF599F03" box="[159,230,1794,1820]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Lazio</collectingRegion>
, central
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC9111F8E7FE3C9F03" box="[329,387,1794,1820]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
), but this species differs significantly from
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC93D8F8E6FB909F03" box="[896,1071,1795,1820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanarus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC93D8F8E6FB909F03" box="[896,1071,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. montanarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the short uropod
<quantity id="4C919B5C9533FFDC957BF8E7FAEF9F03" box="[1315,1360,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
males and females, the narrow long telson, broader segment 2 of pereopods 57, etc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636B99533FFDC909CF8A8FC8D9FC8" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
Other
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC9157F8A8FE359F79" box="[271,394,1869,1894]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC9157F8A8FE359F79" box="[271,394,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Niphargus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have large gnathopods as well, but these feed by filtering mud and detritus, and the shapes of the gnathopods are modified for this purpose (for example
<taxonomicName id="4C694D3A9533FFDC93A9F896FAE49F93" authority="Sket, 1958" authorityName="Sket" authorityYear="1958" box="[1009,1371,1906,1932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trullipes">
<emphasis id="B91DEAAB9533FFDC93A9F896FB699F93" box="[1009,1238,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Niphargus trullipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B489533FFDC9485F897FAE49F93" author="Sket, B." box="[1245,1371,1906,1932]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Scientifique" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="53" part="4" refString="Sket, B. (1958) Einige interessante Funde der Malacostraca (Crust.) aus der Herzegowina und Crna Gora. Bulletin Scientifique, 4 (2), 53." title="Einige interessante Funde der Malacostraca (Crust.) aus der Herzegowina und Crna Gora" type="journal article" year="1958">Sket, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Vjetrenica cave in
<collectingCountry id="F37E76299533FFDC912BF87DFDB19FAD" box="[371,526,1944,1970]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
). The large size and shape of its extreme gnathopods suggests that it may be a predator, which is very unusual in gammarid amphipods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>