425 lines
54 KiB
XML
425 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="F57AD27DEBAFC6A3504D619ED0EC6FDB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282919" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460556013358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2012" docId="03C087ACFF98FF87AB84FBEAFB39CA5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03559p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cophixalus amabilis Kraus, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFF9FFD4FF82FF9AAB13FF9EFFF6C860" masterDocTitle="Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698319243426" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="5E451DD0C0F354518CCBEAF28CBD54B7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C06268DA93FD196F1BAB619E6541F673">
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<mods:title id="A99ABFAB4E88DB658ADE66F6659071D2">Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="43A8C0A8FB6C0F9DCF0D517494149FC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D2FD561C93E80E8BB102BA36010D2E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="804CC56679E8DA5DD84588112D39C85F">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="85E73AB56149DAD69F972A763AE79840">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5A98C078F4CC180F91D8A419DA0D2E80">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="65FC14396A8CDC73897EEBFBC720457B">
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<mods:date id="A6C18268A4FC85252E8DF647F4155CB2">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C9868B9EE00F54E7364D4AC1EDDD5498" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E287CC8070547DEF934FD0D7C2456B83">3559</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="455E108F6235F5BE4A9F3B80115DBB25">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5FE2B2EED121F80320651C97AB9D4668">36</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="05370EA569A689F61024A2DD47AB9EB5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A16440FF5AEBB097CD404E2BF5CF5CC9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282919</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="098020BB8E5734A58683EA3368AD4914" type="GBIF-Dataset">09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BE5E047A563CAEF54AD53FEAED7DF7A3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92720623A4130E7D52CBB5388A69DB64" type="Zenodo-Dep">282919</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087ACFF98FF87AB84FBEAFB39CA5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180282" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087ACFF98FF87AB84FBEAFB39CA5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087ACFF98FF87AB84FBEAFB39CA5C" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF98FF80AB84FBEAFED9CCCF" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80AB84FBEAFE0DCCEE" blockId="26.[151,507,1140,1199]" box="[151,507,1140,1166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D09E81D6FF98FF80AB84FBEAFE0DCCEE" bold="true" box="[151,507,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AB84FBEAFE0DCCEE" bold="true" box="[151,507,1140,1166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AB84FBEAFE79CCEE" ID-CoL="Y43G" box="[151,399,1140,1166]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AB84FBEAFE79CCEE" bold="true" box="[151,399,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cophixalus amabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80AA8DFBEAFE0DCCEE" box="[414,507,1140,1166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80AB84FB09FED9CCCF" blockId="26.[151,507,1140,1199]" box="[151,303,1175,1199]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF98FF80AB84FB09FF21CCCF" box="[151,215,1175,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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E, F, 16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF98FF80AB84FB41FD70CDE7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80AB84FB41FA6BCD7B" blockId="26.[151,1437,1247,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80AB84FB41FEF2CC97" box="[151,260,1247,1271]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AB84FB41FEF2CC97" bold="true" box="[151,260,1247,1271]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF98FF80AA01FB7EFE96CC97" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[274,352,1248,1271]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">BPBM</collectionCode>
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37730 (field tag FK 14787), collected by F. Kraus along Upper Muniai Stream, below Bomagai Camp, Woodlark Island,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF98FF80AABEFA9DFDEBCD7B" box="[429,541,1283,1307]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="5" value="-9.1216">9.1216° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF98FF80A93AFA9DFD40CD7B" box="[553,694,1283,1307]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="5" value="152.7486">152.7486° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80A9D1FA9DFD0ACD7B" box="[706,764,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="67.0">67 m</quantity>
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, Milne Bay Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF98FF80A8E6FA9AFB26CD7B" box="[1013,1232,1283,1307]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFD7107AFF98FF80AFC9FA9DFA6FCD7B" box="[1242,1433,1283,1307]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2010-10-13">13 October 2010</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80ABD4FAB9FD70CDE7" blockId="26.[151,1437,1247,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80ABD4FAB9FE7CCD5F" bold="true" box="[199,394,1318,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80ABD4FAB9FEC2CD5F" box="[199,308,1319,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(n = 8)
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF98FF80AA8BFAB6FE10CD5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[408,486,1320,1343]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">BPBM</collectionCode>
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37740, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80A9C4FAB9FCCACD5F" box="[727,828,1319,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, except collected
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<date id="FFD7107AFF98FF80AF17FAB9FB32CD5F" box="[1028,1220,1319,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2010-10-19">19 October 2010</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF98FF80AFC3FAB6FAE8CD5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1232,1310,1320,1343]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">BPBM</collectionCode>
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40010–13, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80AA2DFAD5FE55CD03" box="[318,419,1355,1379]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, except collected
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<date id="FFD7107AFF98FF80A96FFAD5FCB0CD03" box="[636,838,1355,1379]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2011-10-13">13 October 2011</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF98FF80A844FAD2FC53CD03" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[855,933,1356,1379]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">BPBM</collectionCode>
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40014–15,
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF98FF80AF25FAD5FB6DCD03" box="[1078,1179,1355,1379]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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24142, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80AB84FAF1FF0ACDE7" box="[151,252,1391,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, except collected
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<date id="FFD7107AFF98FF80AAD0FAF1FD74CDE7" box="[451,642,1391,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2011-10-17">17 October 2011</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF98FF80ABD4FA0CFAF5CF58" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80ABD4FA0CFAA6CE5C" blockId="26.[151,1437,1247,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80ABD4FA0CFEB7CDCB" bold="true" box="[199,321,1426,1451]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A species characterized by its unique combination of small size (male SV =
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80AF8CFA0DFAB2CDCB" box="[1183,1348,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="13.95" valueMax="14.3" valueMin="13.6">13.6–14.3 mm</quantity>
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, female SV =
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80ABC4FA29FE88CDAF" box="[215,382,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.545" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="15.45" valueMax="16.1" valueMin="14.8">14.8–16.1 mm</quantity>
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); tympanum hidden; finger discs smaller than toe discs (3rdF/4thT = 0.65–0.77); first finger of reduced size, but still elongate and functional, lacking a flattened disc and terminal groove; leg short (TL/SV = 0.42–0.48); snout short and broad (EN/IN = 0.79–0.87), shorter than or equal to eye diameter (SN/EY = 0.86–1.00); skin smooth; face and side black with pale blue flecks and spots; and forearms typically orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80ABD4F9D8FAF5CF58" blockId="26.[151,1437,1247,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80ABD4F9D8FDB9CE3F" bold="true" box="[199,591,1606,1631]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A94BF9D9FCB4CE3F" box="[600,834,1607,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A94BF9D9FCB4CE3F" box="[600,834,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cophixalus amabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all other Papuan members of the genus except
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80ABFBF9F2FE9DCEE3" box="[232,363,1643,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80ABFBF9F2FE9DCEE3" box="[232,363,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. daymani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AA68F9F2FE29CEE3" box="[379,479,1644,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AA68F9F2FE29CEE3" box="[379,479,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80AAFBF9F2FDB4CEE3" box="[488,578,1644,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and some
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A9D7F9F2FCD9CEE3" box="[708,815,1643,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A9D7F9F2FCD9CEE3" box="[708,815,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. kethuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the snout shorter than the eye, and it differs from all Papuan
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AA44F911FE21CEC7" box="[343,471,1679,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AA44F911FE21CEC7" box="[343,471,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cophixalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A920F90EFCE4CEC7" box="[563,786,1680,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotympanum">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A920F90EFCE4CEC7" box="[563,786,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cryptotympanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A85FF90EFC44CEC7" box="[844,946,1680,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A85FF90EFC44CEC7" box="[844,946,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. pictus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the tympanum hidden. It differs from each of these species except
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A939F92AFD61CEAB" box="[554,663,1715,1739]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
|
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A939F92AFD61CEAB" box="[554,663,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. kethuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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in having the finger discs smaller than the toe discs (3rdF/4thT =
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80AB84F949FEFECE8F" box="[151,264,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMax="3.5559999999999996" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AA03F946FE1BCE8F" box="[272,493,1752,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotympanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AA03F946FE1BCE8F" box="[272,493,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cryptotympanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1.3–2.0 in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A966F946FD00CE8F" box="[629,758,1751,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A966F946FD00CE8F" box="[629,758,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80A816F949FCB0CE8F" box="[773,838,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A85EF946FC47CE8F" box="[845,945,1752,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A85EF946FC47CE8F" box="[845,945,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A8DAF949FB6FCE8F" box="[969,1177,1751,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A8DAF949FB6FCE8F" box="[969,1177,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cophixalus kethuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having basal webbing between the toes, which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A98CF962FCD6CF73" box="[671,800,1787,1811]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A98CF962FCD6CF73" box="[671,800,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AF00F962FB65CF73" box="[1043,1171,1787,1811]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AF00F962FB65CF73" box="[1043,1171,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—in particular its black face and sides spotted with pale blue and its frequently orange forearms—is unique within the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF98FF87ABD4F8DCFA86C8B4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF81ABD4F8DCFBC8C9AF" blockId="26.[151,1437,1247,2028]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,463]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80ABD4F8DCFE29CF3B" bold="true" box="[199,479,1858,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF98FF80AA6BF8DDFE29CF3B" box="[376,479,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. An adult female with right-lateral incision. Head of modest width (HW/SV = 0.36), with steeply oblique, slightly swollen loreal region; canthus rounded, slightly convex when viewed from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF98FF80AB8CF815FF04CFC3" box="[159,242,1931,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A); nostrils directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance larger than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN = 0.86, IN/SV = 0.095, EN/SV = 0.081); snout rounded when viewed from the side or from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF98FF80AA21F84DFE7ECF8B" box="[306,392,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C), smaller than eye (SN/EY =0.95); eyes of moderate size (EY/SV = 0.13); eyelid approximately two-thirds width of interorbital distance; tympanum hidden (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF99FF81A8E2FF09FBB3C8CF" box="[1009,1093,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces smooth; supratympanic fold absent. Fingers without webbing; relative lengths 3>4>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF99FF81AFF8FF22FACBC8B4" box="[1259,1341,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
D). First finger small, with rounded tip but no expanded disc or circum-marginal groove; small expanded discs on remaining fingers but only F3 and F4 with circum-marginal grooves; third finger disc barely wider than penultimate phalanx (3rdF/SV = 0.028). Subarticular and metacarpal tubercles low and very poorly developed. Toes without webbing or fringes, bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 4>3>5>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF99FF81A8CAFED2FBDDC904" box="[985,1067,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Toe discs larger than those of fingers (3rdF/4thT = 0.65); disc of fourth toe approximately 1.5 times width of penultimate phalanx (4thT/SV = 0.043); disc of first toe same width as penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles poorly developed; inner metatarsal tubercle low and circular, outer lacking.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF99FF81A9C5FE29FCF8C9AF" box="[726,782,439,463]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs short (TL/SV = 0.44).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF99FF81AB84F8F0FB57CFC3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF99FF81AB84F8F0FB57CFC3" blockId="27.[151,1436,1902,1955]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF99FF81AB84F8F0FED6CFE3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1902,1925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF99FF81AA02F813FE14CFC3" box="[273,482,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF99FF81AA02F813FE14CFC3" box="[273,482,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cophixalus amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF99FF81AAFBF810FDC1CFC3" box="[488,567,1934,1955]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A–C) and 1 mm (D, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABD4FF06FE7CC897" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In preservative, dorsum brown irregularly marked with dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86A8D8FF09FBEBC8CF" box="[971,1053,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A); rear of thighs same. Sides and face dark brown flecked with pale gray; forearms pale straw yellow. Ventral surfaces brown spotted with pale gray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86AB8CFF41FF04C897" box="[159,242,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[163,1418,528,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,517,1881]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. (A) Dorsum, (B) ventrum, (C) side of head, (D) palmar view of right hand, and (E) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 37730). Scale bars = 5 mm (A – C) and 1 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282935/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Iris black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABD4FE9BFED4C922" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86ABD4FE9BFE38C97C" box="[199,462,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
—SV = 14.8, TL = 6.5, HW = 5.4, IN = 1.4, EN = 1.2, SN = 1.8, EY = 1.9, 3rdF = 0.41, 4thT = 0.63.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABD4FED0FC40CACA" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86ABD4FED0FECDC907" bold="true" box="[199,315,334,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
As for many frogs, females attain a larger size than males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9EFF86A8F6FED1FBBCC907" box="[997,1098,335,359]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,239,730,754]" captionTargetBox="[165,1371,787,1469]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 11. Mensural data for the type series of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. All are adult animals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91">Table 11</tableCitation>
|
||
). Sample sizes are small, but, based on minimal overlap of mensural ranges between the sexes, there are tentative suggestions that males may have larger internarial distances, tympana, and finger discs than do females (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9EFF86AF34FE09FB67C9CF" box="[1063,1169,407,431]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,239,730,754]" captionTargetBox="[165,1371,787,1469]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 11. Mensural data for the type series of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. All are adult animals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91">Table 11</tableCitation>
|
||
). In life, one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86AE28FE06FA6DC9D0" box="[1339,1435,408,432]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(BPBM 37740) is quite different to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A94FFE24FD48C9B2" box="[604,702,442,466]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in dorsal pattern (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86A8E8FE24FBCBC9B2" box="[1019,1085,442,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E vs. 8F), with the dark dorsal markings considerably more dissected and dispersed. The remainder of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A8F5FE7EFBA7C998" box="[998,1105,480,504]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are more like the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86AE0EFE41FA89C997" box="[1309,1407,479,503]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in generally having larger brown markings dorsally, although they always have a vague X-shaped blotch mid-dorsally in the scapular region. The orange forearms seen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A81AFDB9FC9DCA5F" box="[777,875,551,575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86A869FDB9FC4ACA5F" box="[890,956,551,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E) were less distinct in BPBM 37740 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86AE7CFDB9FF52CA02" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and in a few of the other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86AAF0FDD5FDA4CA03" box="[483,594,587,611]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
; in two specimens there is no pale area whatsoever on the upper arms, and these were also less distinct in life than those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A9F7FDF1FCBCCAE7" box="[740,842,623,647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Pale lateral flecking on the body and face is evident in all specimens, and ventrally all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A905FD0DFD77CACB" box="[534,641,659,683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A85EFD0CFC45CACA" box="[845,947,658,682]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" ID-Table-UUID="DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" box="[151,1214,730,754]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[165,1371,787,1469]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86AB84FD44FB48CA91" blockId="28.[151,1214,730,754]" box="[151,1214,730,754]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86AB84FD44FEE3CA92" bold="true" box="[151,277,730,754]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural data for the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9EFF86A98FFD44FC8ECA91" box="[668,888,730,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86A98FFD44FC8ECA91" box="[668,888,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cophixalus amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9EFF86A86CFD44FC24CA91" box="[895,978,730,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All are adult animals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABF5FCB7FAB8CDDD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="F969C41AFF9E0065ABB6FC8DFAADCDDD" box="[165,1371,787,1469]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FC8DFAADCB35" box="[165,1371,787,853]" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FC8DFEBECB35" box="[165,328,787,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFC8DFCAFCB35" box="[508,857,787,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Males (n = 4) mean range</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFC8DFAADCB35" box="[1022,1371,787,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Females (n = 5) mean range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FCF5FAADCBCD" box="[165,1371,875,941]" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FCF5FEBECBCD" box="[165,328,875,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">SV (mm) TL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFCF5FCAFCBCD" box="[508,857,875,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">14.0 13.6–14.3 0.45 0.44–0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFCF5FAADCBCD" box="[1022,1371,875,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">15.2 14.7–16.1 0.44 0.42–0.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FC5DFAADCBB9" box="[165,1371,963,985]" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FC5DFEBECBB9" box="[165,328,963,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">EN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFC5DFCAFCBB9" box="[508,857,963,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.081 0.077–0.086</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFC5DFAADCBB9" box="[1022,1371,963,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.079 0.074–0.082</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FC71FAADCC65" box="[165,1371,1007,1029]" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FC71FEBECC65" box="[165,328,1007,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFC71FCAFCC65" box="[508,857,1007,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.097 0.093–0.101</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFC71FAADCC65" box="[1022,1371,1007,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.093 0.087–0.095</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FB82FAADCC51" box="[165,1371,1052,1073]" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FB82FEBECC51" box="[165,328,1052,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFB82FCAFCC51" box="[508,857,1052,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.13 0.12–0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFB82FAADCC51" box="[1022,1371,1052,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.13 0.12–0.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FBD9FAADCC3D" box="[165,1371,1095,1117]" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FBD9FEBECC3D" box="[165,328,1095,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFBD9FCAFCC3D" box="[508,857,1095,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.060 0.058–0.064</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFBD9FAADCC3D" box="[1022,1371,1095,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.054 0.044–0.061</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FBEDFAADCCE9" box="[165,1371,1139,1161]" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FBEDFEBECCE9" box="[165,328,1139,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">EY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFBEDFCAFCCE9" box="[508,857,1139,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.15 0.14–0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFBEDFAADCCE9" box="[1022,1371,1139,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.14 0.13–0.15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FB01FAADCCD5" box="[165,1371,1183,1205]" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FB01FEBECCD5" box="[165,328,1183,1205]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HW/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFB01FCAFCCD5" box="[508,857,1183,1205]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.39 0.38–0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFB01FAADCCD5" box="[1022,1371,1183,1205]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.38 0.36–0.39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FB55FAADCC81" box="[165,1371,1227,1249]" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FB55FEBECC81" box="[165,328,1227,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFB55FCAFCC81" box="[508,857,1227,1249]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.34 0.34–0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFB55FAADCC81" box="[1022,1371,1227,1249]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.33 0.32–0.34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FB69FAADCD6D" box="[165,1371,1271,1293]" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FB69FEBECD6D" box="[165,328,1271,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3rdF/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFB69FCAFCD6D" box="[508,857,1271,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.031 0.031–0.032</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFB69FAADCD6D" box="[1022,1371,1271,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.028 0.027–0.030</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FABDFAADCD59" box="[165,1371,1315,1337]" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FABDFEBECD59" box="[165,328,1315,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4thT/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFABDFCAFCD59" box="[508,857,1315,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.043 0.042–0.044</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFABDFAADCD59" box="[1022,1371,1315,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.041 0.039–0.044</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FAD1FAADCD05" box="[165,1371,1359,1381]" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FAD1FEBECD05" box="[165,328,1359,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFAD1FCAFCD05" box="[508,857,1359,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.83 0.79–0.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFAD1FAADCD05" box="[1022,1371,1359,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.84 0.79–0.87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FAE5FAADCDF1" box="[165,1371,1403,1425]" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FAE5FEBECDF1" box="[165,328,1403,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3rdF/4thT</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFAE5FCAFCDF1" box="[508,857,1403,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.74 0.72–0.77</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFAE5FAADCDF1" box="[1022,1371,1403,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.68 0.65–0.71</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9E0065ABB6FA39FAADCDDD" box="[165,1371,1447,1469]" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9E0065ABB6FA39FEBECDDD" box="[165,328,1447,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065AAEFFA39FCAFCDDD" box="[508,857,1447,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.88 0.87–0.89</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9E0065A8EDFA39FAADCDDD" box="[1022,1371,1447,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">0.86 0.82–0.91</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABD4FA60FB45CF73" blockId="28.[151,1436,1534,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86ABD4FA60FE93CE77" bold="true" box="[199,357,1534,1559]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
From field notes for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86A975FA61FD3ECE77" box="[614,712,1535,1559]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
BPBM 37730 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86A896FA61FC3DCE77" box="[901,971,1535,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E): “Dorsum brown with central orange diamond margined with black, forming a large X on the two posterior margins and a chevron on the anterior two. Dorsum with scattered blue-white punctations. Face and sides of body black with scattered blue-white flecks. Rear of thighs brown and dark brown with scattered blue-white flecks. Dark-brown chevron between eyes. Upper arms orange, lower arms brown and black. Iris metallic orange. All ventral surfaces charcoal gray densely flecked with blue white.” Field notes for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9EFF86AAC3F92AFDC7CEAC" box="[464,561,1716,1740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
BPBM 37740 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86A9F2F92DFCD4CEAB" box="[737,802,1715,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
F) state: “Dorsum metallic orange tan heavily maculated with dark brown, sides black flecked with blue white. Rear of thighs as dorsum, forearms copper orange. Venter dark gray flecked throughout with light blue gray. Iris dark brown with red rim around pupil.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF86ABD4F880FC65CF3B" blockId="28.[151,1436,1534,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9EFF86ABD4F880FF09CF57" bold="true" box="[199,255,1822,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
This species calls at night from among leaf litter in lowland rainforest; the call sounds like a drawn-out, raspy snore. This description is based on 37 calls from a single frog.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9EFF87ABD4F8F9FA86C8B4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1534,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,572]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The call is a single, highly pulsed note lacking harmonic structure and frequency modulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9EFF86AE11F8F9FAA3CF1F" box="[1282,1365,1895,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1530,1553]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,640,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,628,1510]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of three calls of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 15840) recorded on Woodlark Island, 13 October 2011, air temperature 24.0 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282936/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C), averaging 1.12 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9EFF86AA76F815FE31CFC3" box="[357,455,1931,1955]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="5" value="-0.0131">0.0131 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in length, and ranging from 0.97–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9EFF86A84CF815FC7BCFC3" box="[863,909,1931,1955]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="555" value="-1.31">1.31</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s in length. Calls were delivered at intervals averaging 10.5 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9EFF86AA71F831FE32CFA7" box="[354,452,1967,1991]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="5" value="-2.4733">2.4733 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
apart, and ranging from 1.8–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9EFF86A805F831FCABCFA7" box="[790,861,1967,1991]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="5555" value="-57.0">57.0 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
apart. The number of pulses/call averaged 57.1 ± 0.6666 and varied from 50–66, and pulse rate average 50.9 ± 0.4259/s and varied from 43.5–54.9/s. Each note increases and decreases relatively evenly, giving the waveform a smoothly rounded, bilaterally symmetrical shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9FFF87AB8CFF22FF0AC8B4" box="[159,252,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,205,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[158,1429,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Expanded waveforms of (A) typical note of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., uncaptured animal, showing rectangular shape of amplitude envelope; (B) note from C. nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19232) showing left-handed skew in amplitude envelope common to this individual; and (C) typical note of C. amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 15840)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282929/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 17A). Dominant frequency varied from 4460–5220 Hz and averaged 5080 ± 0.0219 Hz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9FFF87AFEFFF22FAB8C8B4" box="[1276,1358,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1530,1553]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,640,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,628,1510]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of three calls of Cophixalus amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 15840) recorded on Woodlark Island, 13 October 2011, air temperature 24.0 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282936/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF9FFF87ABD4FF7EFB39CA5C" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9FFF87ABD4FF7EFBB3C897" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,572]" box="[199,1093,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87ABD4FF7EFEB8C898" bold="true" box="[199,334,224,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The trivial epithet is a masculine Latin adjective meaning “lovely”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9FFF87ABD4FE9AFC55C95F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87ABD4FE9AFEECC97C" bold="true" box="[199,282,260,284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9FFF87A909FE9BFDBCC97D" box="[538,586,261,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality on Woodlark Island, Milne Bay Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF9FFF87AF94FE9BFAA9C97C" box="[1159,1375,260,284]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9FFF87AE7DFE9AFF5EC95F" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[281,1296,896,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[280,1307,890,1631]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of southeastern New Guinea and adjacent islands showing type localities for Cophixalus ateles (filled star), C. sisyphus and C. nexipus sp. nov. (filled circle), C. verrucosus (stars), C. albolineatus sp. nov. (filled square), C. clapporum and C. amabilis (filled triangle), and an additional locality for C. albolineatus sp. nov. (open square). Five additional numbered localities from which call samples of C. verrucosus were obtained for this study are: 1 = Sudest Island, type locality for C. aimbensis; 2 = Cloudy Mts.; 3 = N slope of Mt. Simpson; 4 = W slope of Mt. Dayman; and 5 = Fane. Elevational contours are at 1000 m (light gray) and 1500 m (dark gray)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282921/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Almost certainly endemic but widespread across Woodlark Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9FFF87ABD4FED5FCA8C994" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87ABD4FED5FE62C904" bold="true" box="[199,404,331,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species inhabits mature lowland rainforest, with canopy heights at approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF9FFF87AB84FEF1FEF6C9E7" box="[151,256,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
25–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD33FF9FFF87ABD2FEF1FEF6C9E7" box="[193,256,367,391]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">35 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. All specimens were collected in a gully adjacent to a small, slow-moving stream in lowland primary rainforest or on its bounding ridgeline, usually in microhabitats of steep aspect. Animals were found nocturnally active on the forest floor and were moderately common but difficult to locate because they would typically terminate calling well before they could be closely approached.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9FFF87ABD4FE61FB39CA5C" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Syntopic microhylids include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87A925FD9FFD5ACA78" box="[566,684,513,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Barygenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87A925FD9FFD5ACA78" box="[566,684,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Barygenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9FFF87A9AEFD9EFCD6CA77" box="[701,800,512,535]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87A825FD9EFBC9CA78" box="[822,1087,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87A825FD9EFBC9CA78" box="[822,1087,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9FFF87AF42FD9EFB42CA77" box="[1105,1204,512,535]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87AFDAFD9EFAD5CA78" box="[1225,1315,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Copiula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87AFDAFD9EFAD5CA78" box="[1225,1315,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Copiula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9FFF87AE27FD9EFA6ECA77" box="[1332,1432,512,535]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87AB84FDBAFE6ACA5C" box="[151,412,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Genyophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87AB84FDBAFE6ACA5C" box="[151,412,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Genyophryne thomsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87AABAFDBAFD5BCA5C" box="[425,685,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myopicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87AABAFDBAFD5BCA5C" box="[425,685,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hylophorbus myopicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87A9A9FDBAFCA7CA5C" box="[698,849,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Mantophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87A9A9FDBAFCA7CA5C" box="[698,849,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mantophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9FFF87A84BFDBBFC47CA5C" box="[856,945,549,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9FFF87A8FFFDBAFB84CA5C" box="[1004,1138,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9FFF87A8FFFDBAFB84CA5C" box="[1004,1138,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oreophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9FFF87AF6AFDBBFB39CA5C" box="[1145,1231,549,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |