481 lines
62 KiB
XML
481 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="06EDC97A28D3631299F85713A2ED915D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282919" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460556013358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2012" docId="03C087ACFF94FF80AB84FC69FB39C97C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03559p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cophixalus clapporum Kraus, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFF9FFD4FF82FF9AAB13FF9EFFF6C860" masterDocTitle="Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698319243426" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="861BFDE9D86F417EEB2FC9E8D23035EF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C4D780ECC1DD809EAD9E0193BDD40FD1">
|
||
<mods:title id="9C78DBF92D8500717451480F25C223B3">Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="EC4CA82C0F535EB73918B717F9BAA884" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="44BB6F73C2FBE03A504B03578B8FD8DC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CAF1BE5EBDCC437F890D0EADB1D872AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="763CDA8ACDBACC4752B9A4C5036C88D1">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="117642170888A1715D83396653237826">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9C0190A941386932317E3C363AB58845" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BF53A6C5B534E9B8A47B99DDD2B4FE08">
|
||
<mods:title id="0F04F8A6A5D256A2EC8D4EC0ACF32C7D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="B2D6B9DBBE1DDDE84A1883BCC5E05EDF">
|
||
<mods:date id="EB49332F7817F91CE9B789A068A54CC0">2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9A85F0C92FD2021EAB612C49F1032789" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="9CD19E7D360D8CAFF19A42A5ED4E36E3">3559</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="44D458AEFF47107C789714F5620067BD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C154F0507F6481887A9F2F21D7AF2800">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="8B3220D6DD5E8F12141978EE6B7A672A">36</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="3BDAFF29ED9D6366EF08FA61512F9A4E">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5567F8F34CEDE925BAE386B915B53047" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282919</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="972493CD892ECCFBDB18A4A77784F919" type="GBIF-Dataset">09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7245BC288036ACDC039B6ECDDA37A1BD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="13E6DC06008B2826304FD3A231858BE7" type="Zenodo-Dep">282919</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C087ACFF94FF80AB84FC69FB39C97C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180280" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180280" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087ACFF94FF80AB84FC69FB39C97C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087ACFF94FF80AB84FC69FB39C97C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF94FF8CAB84FC69FEC1CC52" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8CAB84FC69FDE1CC71" blockId="22.[151,535,1015,1074]" box="[151,535,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D09E81D6FF94FF8CAB84FC69FDE1CC71" bold="true" box="[151,535,1015,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAB84FC69FDE1CC71" bold="true" box="[151,535,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAB84FC69FE5DCC71" ID-CoL="Y43S" box="[151,427,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAB84FC69FE5DCC71" bold="true" box="[151,427,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF94FF8CAAAAFC69FDE1CC71" box="[441,535,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8CAB84FB84FEC1CC52" blockId="22.[151,535,1015,1074]" box="[151,311,1050,1074]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF94FF8CAB84FB84FF2ECC52" box="[151,216,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D, 14
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF94FF8CAB84FBFDFD2CCDDE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8CAB84FBFDFA6BCCFE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CAB84FBFDFEF2CC1B" box="[151,260,1123,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAB84FBFDFEF2CC1B" bold="true" box="[151,260,1123,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAA01FBFDFE96CC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[274,352,1123,1146]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37720 (field tag FK 14753), collected by F. Kraus along Upper Muniai Stream, below Bomagai Camp, Woodlark Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CAABEFB18FDEBCCFE" box="[429,541,1158,1182]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-9.1216">9.1216° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CA93AFB18FD40CCFE" box="[553,694,1158,1182]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="152.7486">152.7486° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CA9D1FB18FD0ACCFE" box="[706,764,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="67.0">67 m</quantity>
|
||
, Milne Bay Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF94FF8CA8E6FB19FB26CCFE" box="[1013,1232,1158,1182]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CAFC9FB18FA6FCCFE" box="[1242,1433,1158,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-10-12">12 October 2010</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8CABD4FB35FD2CCDDE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CABD4FB35FE52CCA3" bold="true" box="[199,420,1194,1219]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CABD4FB35FEC9CCA3" box="[199,319,1195,1219]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(n = 31)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAAA0FB35FDF7CCA2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[435,513,1195,1218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37718–19, 37721–25,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CA815FB34FC9DCCA2" box="[774,875,1194,1218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PNGNM</collectionCode>
|
||
24116, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CAF4DFB34FB35CCA2" box="[1118,1219,1194,1218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAFDCFB35FAEBCCA2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1231,1309,1195,1218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37726–29, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CAA55FB50FE5DCC86" box="[326,427,1230,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA99FFB50FCAACC86" box="[652,860,1230,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-10-13">13 October 2010</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CA862FB51FC49CC86" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[881,959,1231,1254]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37731–35, 39040,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAFA2FB50FAE0CC86" box="[1201,1302,1230,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PNGNM</collectionCode>
|
||
24117–18, Thompson’s Creek,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CAA93FB6CFDF4CD6A" box="[384,514,1266,1290]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="-9.15591">9.15591° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CA901FB6CFD52CD6A" box="[530,676,1266,1290]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="152.743">152.7430° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CA9A7FB6CFCF6CD6A" box="[692,768,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="104.0">104 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA803FB6CFC63CD6A" box="[784,917,1266,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1915-10">15 October</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CA8B0FB6CFBFECD6A" box="[931,1032,1266,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PNGNM</collectionCode>
|
||
24119–20, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CAE20FB6CFA6ECD6A" box="[1331,1432,1266,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CAA4BFA88FDEBCD4E" box="[344,541,1302,1326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-10-16">16 October 2010</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CA938FA89FD8FCD4E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[555,633,1303,1326]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37737–38, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CA88CFA88FBF2CD4E" box="[927,1028,1302,1326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CAFC0FA88FA61CD4E" box="[1235,1431,1302,1326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-10-18">18 October 2010</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAB84FAA5FF13CD32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[151,229,1339,1362]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37736, below Bomagai Camp E,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CA97AFAA4FD2DCD32" box="[617,731,1338,1362]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-9.1222">9.1222° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF94FF8CA9FAFAA4FC8CCD32" box="[745,890,1338,1362]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="152.7535">152.7535° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CA895FAA4FC35CD32" box="[902,963,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA8C3FAA4FBA5CD32" box="[976,1107,1338,1362]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1917-10">17 October</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAF4CFAA5FB5BCD32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1119,1197,1339,1362]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37739, same data as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAB84FAC1FF13CD16" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[151,229,1375,1398]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37736, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA915FAC0FD3DCD16" box="[518,715,1374,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-10-18">18 October 2010</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CA9CBFAC1FCD0CD16" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[728,806,1375,1398]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
40005–06, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CAF5EFAC0FB44CD16" box="[1101,1202,1374,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CAE92FAC0FEC2CDFA" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2011-10-11">11 October 2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAA51FA1DFE66CDFA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[322,400,1411,1434]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
40007, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CA999FA1CFD19CDFA" box="[650,751,1410,1434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA8AFFA1CFB88CDFA" box="[956,1150,1410,1434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2011-10-12">12 October 2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF94FF8CAF9FFA1DFB2CCDFA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1164,1242,1411,1434]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
40008–09, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF94FF8CABF8FA38FEA6CDDE" box="[235,336,1446,1470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except collected
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF94FF8CA904FA38FD20CDDE" box="[535,726,1446,1470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2011-10-16">16 October 2011</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF94FF8DABD4FA54FA6AC897" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8CABD4FA54FA9ACE12" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CABD4FA54FEB7CD83" bold="true" box="[199,321,1482,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species characterized by its unique combination of moderate size (male SV =
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CAFE3FA54FA61CD82" box="[1264,1431,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.535" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.32" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="25.35" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="23.2">23.2–27.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV =
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CAA3DFA70FE25CE66" box="[302,467,1518,1542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.72" metricValueMax="2.83" metricValueMin="2.61" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.2" valueMax="28.3" valueMin="26.1">26.1–28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with finger discs and toe discs of approximately same size (3rdF/4thT = 0.92–1.13); well-developed first finger bearing disc with circum-marginal groove; dorsum with several rows of well-developed warts; top of head lighter than surrounding skin; body with irregular brown markings on a lighter brown, olivebrown, or yellow-brown ground color; and call consisting of a train of fairly slow mechanical-sounding beeps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF94FF8DABD4F9E0FA6AC897" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,2011]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CABD4F9E0FDBACEF7" bold="true" box="[199,588,1662,1687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
The combination of larger size (SV>
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF94FF8CAF14F9E0FBACCEF6" box="[1031,1114,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
), finger discs subequal to or smaller than toe discs (3rdF/4thT <1.14), and first finger of normal size and bearing a disc with a circum-marginal groove distinguishes this species from all congeners except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CA82DF959FAE4CEBE" authority="Kraus and Allison, 2009" authorityName="Kraus and Allison" authorityYear="2009" box="[830,1298,1734,1758]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CA82DF959FC04CEBE" box="[830,1010,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B4BFF94FF8CA8E8F959FAE4CEBE" author="Kraus" box="[1019,1298,1734,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Kraus, F. & Allison, A. (2009) New species of Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 2128, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2009">Kraus and Allison, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, endemic to nearby Rossel Island.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAA87F975FD60CF63" box="[404,662,1771,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAA87F975FD60CF63" box="[404,662,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that species in particulars of color pattern and call:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAE91F975FEDFCF46" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAE91F975FEDFCF46" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
invariably has a copper-colored or russet triangle on the top of the head, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAFD9F891FA92CF46" box="[1226,1380,1806,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAFD9F891FA92CF46" box="[1226,1380,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have that color as a head triangle but usually the top of the head is tan or light brown;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAF66F8ADFADFCF2B" box="[1141,1321,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAF66F8ADFADFCF2B" box="[1141,1321,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has black paravertebral, dorsolateral, and lateral stripes or series of dashes, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CA8E6F8C9FB64CF0E" box="[1013,1170,1878,1902]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CA8E6F8C9FB64CF0E" box="[1013,1170,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has brown blotches or other irregular markings but lacks stripes other than a short postocular dash that extends no further posteriorly than the tympanum;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAA55F801FE0FCFD6" box="[326,505,1951,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAA55F801FE0FCFD6" box="[326,505,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a black canthal stripe that extends from the eye to the tip of the snout, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAB84F85DFEC7CFBB" box="[151,305,1987,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAB84F85DFEC7CFBB" box="[151,305,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no more than a brown canthal blotch that does not extend anterior to the naris;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF94FF8CAFFBF85DFA6ACFBB" box="[1256,1436,1987,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF94FF8CAFFBF85DFA6ACFBB" box="[1256,1436,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often has a white vertebral line, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF95FF8DA94DFF06FD01C8D0" box="[606,759,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DA94DFF06FD01C8D0" box="[606,759,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
never shows that pattern element; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF95FF8DAFB9FF06FAABC8D0" box="[1194,1373,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupricarenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DAFB9FF06FAABC8D0" box="[1194,1373,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. cupricarenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a call with a repetition rate of 5.0–5.2 notes/s and a dominant frequency of 3100–3140 Hz, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF95FF8DAFC4FF23FA86C8B4" box="[1239,1392,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DAFC4FF23FA86C8B4" box="[1239,1392,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a slower, lower-pitched call with a repetition rate of 1.82–2.15 notes/s and a dominant frequency of 2250–2460 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF95FF8DAB84F9AFFBC9CE06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282933/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[158,1421,308,1553]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF95FF8DAB84F9AFFBC9CE06" blockId="23.[151,1436,1585,1638]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DAB84F9AFFEE9CE26" bold="true" box="[151,287,1585,1608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of right hand, and (D) plantar view of right foot of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF95FF8DAB84F9CEFE88CE06" box="[151,382,1616,1638]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DAB84F9CEFE88CE06" box="[151,382,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF95FF8DAA97F9CFFE25CE06" box="[388,467,1617,1638]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(BPBM 37720). Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B) and 2 mm (C, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF95FF80ABD4F90CFB39C97C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF95FF82ABD4F90CFDFDC9E7" blockId="23.[151,1436,1682,2031]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,827]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF95FF8DABD4F90CFE17CECB" bold="true" box="[199,481,1682,1707]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF95FF8DAA68F90DFE17CECB" box="[379,481,1683,1707]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. An adult male with small right-lateral incision. Head moderately wide (HW/SV = 0.38), with steeply oblique, slightly concave loreal region; canthus rostralis inflated, shallowly inflated when viewed from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF95FF8DAA99F944FE16CE92" box="[394,480,1754,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1585,1608]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,308,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,301,1564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of right hand, and (D) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 37720). Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B) and 2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282933/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A); nostrils directed laterally, much closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance larger than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN = 0.85, IN/SV = 0.11, EN/SV = 0.094); snout projecting when viewed from the side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF95FF8DAACFF8BCFDC6CF5A" box="[476,560,1826,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1585,1608]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,308,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,301,1564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of right hand, and (D) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 37720). Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B) and 2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282933/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B), shallowly angulate when viewed from above; eyes moderately large (EY/ SV = 0.13); eyelid approximately 60% width of interorbital distance; tympanum rather indistinct and of moderate size (TY/SV = 0.053), with a slightly raised annulus anteriorly but visible posteriorly only when skin is slightly dried. Skin minutely rugose, with five rows of enlarged pustules dorsally; ventral surfaces smooth. Short supratympanic fold present. Fingers unwebbed, bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 3>4>2>1; first finger and disc well-developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF95FF8DA941F849FD5CCF8F" box="[594,682,2007,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1585,1608]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,308,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,301,1564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of right hand, and (D) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 37720). Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B) and 2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282933/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Finger discs approximately 2.5 times widths of penultimate phalanges (3rdF/SV = 0.056), except for the first finger disc, which is approximately 1.5 times width of penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles low but distinct; metacarpal tubercles oval, well-developed, but low. Toes unwebbed, bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 4>3>5>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9AFF82AF89FF41FB00C897" box="[1178,1270,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1585,1608]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,308,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,301,1564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of right hand, and (D) plantar view of right foot of holotype of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 37720). Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B) and 2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282933/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Toe discs approximately same size as those of fingers (3rdF/4thT = 0.95); disc of fourth toe approximately twice width of penultimate phalanx (4thT/SV = 0.058); disc of first toe approximately 1.5 times width of penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles well-developed; inner metatarsal tubercle narrow and elongate, outer lacking.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF9AFF82AE3FFED2FA92C904" box="[1324,1380,332,356]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs moderately long (TL/SV = 0.51).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82ABD4FE0BFF2ECAE4" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">In preservative, dorsum medium brown, heavily and vaguely marked with dark brown, including a vaguely defined suprascapular X; top of head somewhat lighter, followed posteriorly by dark backward-pointing triangle. Sides with greater extent of light ground and many dark-brown flecks and stipples. Tympanum light tan with small brown flecks; supratympanic fold and angle of jaw dark brown; face dark brown with few lighter-brown spots on upper jaw. Rear of thighs tan with large dark-brown blotches. Venter pale straw heavily flecked with brown, sparser on abdomen than on chin, throat, and under legs. Palmar and plantar surfaces dark brown. Iris black stippled with brass.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82ABD4FD0FFDDECAAF" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9AFF82ABD4FD0FFE26CAC8" box="[199,464,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
—SV = 24.5, TL = 12.6, HW = 9.2, HL = 8.0, IN = 2.7, EN = 2.3, SN = 3.6, EY = 3.1, TY = 1.3, 3rdF = 1.36, 4thT = 1.43.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82ABD4FD44FA62CB5A" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9AFF82ABD4FD44FECFCA93" bold="true" box="[199,313,730,755]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural variation for the species is not large, and there are no obvious differences between the sexes except that females appear to average slightly larger than males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9AFF82A860FD61FC3CCB77" box="[883,970,767,791]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,239,874,898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1395,963,1645]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 9. Mensural data for type series of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. Characters suggesting possible ontogenetic morphometric changes are asterisked." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||
). There is, however, some indication that juveniles have relatively longer snouts and heads, wider tympana and heads, and larger eyes than do adults (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9AFF82AE21FCBCFA71CB5A" box="[1330,1415,802,826]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,239,874,898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1395,963,1645]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 9. Mensural data for type series of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. Characters suggesting possible ontogenetic morphometric changes are asterisked." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" ID-Table-UUID="DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[165,1395,963,1645]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82AB84FCF4FDDCCBC1" blockId="24.[151,1436,874,929]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9AFF82AB84FCF4FEFDCBE2" bold="true" box="[151,267,874,898]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural data for type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9AFF82A967FCF4FC9FCBE1" box="[628,873,874,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9AFF82A967FCF4FC9FCBE1" box="[628,873,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF9AFF82A862FCF4FC33CBE1" box="[881,965,874,897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Characters suggesting possible ontogenetic morphometric changes are asterisked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82ABB6FC47FA90CE0D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<table id="F969C41AFF9A0065ABB6FC5DFA85CE0D" box="[165,1395,963,1645]" gridcols="4" gridrows="14" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FC5DFA85CC65" box="[165,1395,963,1029]" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FC5DFEFACC65" box="[165,268,963,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FC5DFD60CC65" box="[391,662,963,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Males (n = 17) mean range</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFC5DFC0BCC65" box="[749,1021,963,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Females (n = 9) mean range</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FC5DFA85CC65" box="[1108,1395,963,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Immatures (n = 6) mean range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FB85FA85CC3D" box="[165,1395,1051,1117]" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FB85FEFACC3D" box="[165,268,1051,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SV (mm) TL/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FB85FD60CC3D" box="[391,662,1051,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">24.7 23.2–27.5 0.52 0.49–0.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFB85FC0BCC3D" box="[749,1021,1051,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">27.4 26.1–28.3 0.51 0.49–0.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FB85FA85CC3D" box="[1108,1395,1051,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">19.9 16.4–23.9 0.55 0.53–0.57</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FBEDFA85CCE9" box="[165,1395,1139,1161]" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FBEDFEFACCE9" box="[165,268,1139,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">EN/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FBEDFD60CCE9" box="[391,662,1139,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.093 0.080–0.101</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFBEDFC0BCCE9" box="[749,1021,1139,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.091 0.085–0.096</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FBEDFA85CCE9" box="[1108,1395,1139,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.098 0.092–0.104</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FB01FA85CCD4" box="[165,1395,1183,1204]" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FB01FEFACCD4" box="[165,268,1183,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FB01FD60CCD4" box="[391,662,1183,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.11 0.10–0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFB01FC0BCCD4" box="[749,1021,1183,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.11 0.10–0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FB01FA85CCD4" box="[1108,1395,1183,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.12 0.11–0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FB55FA85CC81" box="[165,1395,1227,1249]" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FB55FEFACC81" box="[165,268,1227,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FB55FD60CC81" box="[391,662,1227,1249]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.15 0.13–0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFB55FC0BCC81" box="[749,1021,1227,1249]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.15 0.14–0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FB55FA85CC81" box="[1108,1395,1227,1249]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.16 0.15–0.16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FB69FA85CD6D" box="[165,1395,1271,1293]" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FB69FEFACD6D" box="[165,268,1271,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TY/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FB69FD60CD6D" box="[391,662,1271,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.060 0.051–0.071</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFB69FC0BCD6D" box="[749,1021,1271,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.060 0.054–0.066</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FB69FA85CD6D" box="[1108,1395,1271,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.065 0.059–0.075</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FABDFA85CD59" box="[165,1395,1315,1337]" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FABDFEFACD59" box="[165,268,1315,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">EY/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FABDFD60CD59" box="[391,662,1315,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.12 0.12–0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFABDFC0BCD59" box="[749,1021,1315,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.12 0.11–0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FABDFA85CD59" box="[1108,1395,1315,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.13 0.12–0.15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FAD1FA85CD05" box="[165,1395,1359,1381]" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FAD1FEFACD05" box="[165,268,1359,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">HW/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FAD1FD60CD05" box="[391,662,1359,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.38 0.36–0.41</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFAD1FC0BCD05" box="[749,1021,1359,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.37 0.36–0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FAD1FA85CD05" box="[1108,1395,1359,1381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.41 0.38–0.42</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FAE5FA85CDF1" box="[165,1395,1403,1425]" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FAE5FEFACDF1" box="[165,268,1403,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">HL/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FAE5FD60CDF1" box="[391,662,1403,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.34 0.32–0.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFAE5FC0BCDF1" box="[749,1021,1403,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.33 0.32–0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FAE5FA85CDF1" box="[1108,1395,1403,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.37 0.35–0.38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FA39FA85CDDD" box="[165,1395,1447,1469]" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FA39FEFACDDD" box="[165,268,1447,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3rdF/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FA39FD60CDDD" box="[391,662,1447,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.057 0.051–0.062</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFA39FC0BCDDD" box="[749,1021,1447,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.056 0.050–0.060</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FA39FA85CDDD" box="[1108,1395,1447,1469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.057 0.053–0.063</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FA4DFA85CD89" box="[165,1395,1491,1513]" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FA4DFEFACD89" box="[165,268,1491,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">4thT/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FA4DFD60CD89" box="[391,662,1491,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.058 0.051–0.063</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFA4DFC0BCD89" box="[749,1021,1491,1513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.057 0.049–0.064</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FA4DFA85CD89" box="[1108,1395,1491,1513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.058 0.055–0.063</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6FA61FA85CE75" box="[165,1395,1535,1557]" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6FA61FEFACE75" box="[165,268,1535,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94FA61FD60CE75" box="[391,662,1535,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.85 0.72–0.96</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEFA61FC0BCE75" box="[749,1021,1535,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.85 0.77–0.93</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47FA61FA85CE75" box="[1108,1395,1535,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.85 0.80–0.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6F9B5FA85CE21" box="[165,1395,1579,1601]" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6F9B5FEFACE21" box="[165,268,1579,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3rdF/4thT</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94F9B5FD60CE21" box="[391,662,1579,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1.00 0.92–1.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEF9B5FC0BCE21" box="[749,1021,1579,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.98 0.92–1.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47F9B5FA85CE21" box="[1108,1395,1579,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.99 0.96–1.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF9A0065ABB6F9C6FA85CE0D" box="[165,1395,1624,1645]" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF9A0065ABB6F9C6FEFACE0D" box="[165,268,1624,1645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AA94F9C6FD60CE0D" box="[391,662,1624,1645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.88 0.82–0.92</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065A9FEF9C6FC0BCE0D" box="[749,1021,1624,1645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.91 0.89–0.93</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF9A0065AF47F9C6FA85CE0D" box="[1108,1395,1624,1645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.90 0.87–0.93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9AFF82ABD4F92EFE75CF87" blockId="24.[151,1437,1711,2023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In preserative, dorsa vary from light gray-brown to very dark brown; dark markings are typically small spots or irregular marks, but the contrast with the ground color varies from very little to moderate. The darker specimens are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF9AFF82AA77F969FE30CF6F" box="[356,454,1783,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in having very obscure markings; the lightest specimens appear as light-brown frogs with distinct, scattered brown spots. Ventral patterning varies from dispersed punctations to heavily flecked with brown, such that overall appearance varies from pale straw to dark brown, with most specimens having the overall appearance of venters heavily flecked with brown. Most specimens have the rear of the thighs with a highly contrasting pattern of dark-brown blotches on a pale-straw ground, but three are generally suffused with dark brown instead. The tympanum is always lighter than the surrounding ground color, the iris always black with brass or silver punctations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABD4FF09FCABC994" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83ABD4FF09FEA8C8D0" bold="true" box="[199,350,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, BPBM 37718 was noted to be “Olive green and brown above, top of head russet brown, black behind eye but tympanum tan. Rear of thighs black with olive-green blotches. Venter charcoal gray with light-gray flecks on posterior belly and smaller gray-white punctations throughout. Iris olive brown with a narrow orange rim around the pupil. Bottoms of hands and feet black.” BPBM 37726 was noted to be: “Yellow brown above with darker brown markings, top of snout tan. Rear of thighs dark brown flecked with yellow brown. Venter light gray with dark-gray flecks on throat and silver-white punctations/flecks on abdomen. Iris black reticulated or spotted with gold.” BPBM 37719 was tan and dark brown above, with black and tan on rear of thighs, and abdomen pale-gray heavily flecked with charcoal gray; BPBM 37721 was olive and orange brown dorsally, with darker orange brown on top of head; BPBM 37722 was olive and yellow brown dorsally and tan on top of head. All animals had distinct rows of large tubercles in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83A9C5FE42FCEEC994" box="[726,792,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABD4FE61FB7CCA3F" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83ABD4FE61FF09CA78" bold="true" box="[199,255,511,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
Animals called at night from the forest floor or perched on leaf litter, following either wet or dry days. To the human ear, the call sounds similar to a mechanical beep; when two frogs alternate calling and each calls at a different frequency, the combined effect is similar to the sound of a European police siren.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABD4FDF2FCEACBA8" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The call is a series of well-tuned beeps or honks, with a series of six or seven harmonics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83AFCAFDF2FADACAE4" box="[1241,1324,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,976,999]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,352,947]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 21 calls of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 40005) recorded on Woodlark Is., 11 October 2011, air temperature 26.5 C. The continuous signal at approximately 5 kHz is an orthopteran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282934/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Seven calls recorded by me include from 10–33 notes and range in length from 5.1–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9BFF83A8EEFD11FBDBCAC7" box="[1021,1069,655,679]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="5555" value="-16.1">16.1</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, with notes emitted at a rate of 1.82–2.15/s (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9BFF83AA3DFD2AFE6FCAAC" box="[302,409,692,716]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,239,1015,1039]" captionText="TABLE 10. Call data for three specimens of Cophixalus clapporum from Woodlark Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Each note is relatively brief (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83A807FD2AFC9CCAAC" box="[788,874,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,976,999]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,352,947]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 21 calls of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 40005) recorded on Woodlark Is., 11 October 2011, air temperature 26.5 C. The continuous signal at approximately 5 kHz is an orthopteran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282934/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C), with a mean duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9BFF83AFE2FD2AFABECAAC" box="[1265,1352,692,716]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="55" value="-0.22">0.220 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(range 0.195–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9BFF83ABF7FD49FED5CA8F" box="[228,291,727,751]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="55" value="-0.343">0.343</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s) among the seven calls. The first note of each call is approximately 30–50% longer than subsequent notes. The interval between notes is only slightly longer, averaging
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9BFF83A89BFD62FC2ECB74" box="[904,984,764,788]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="55" value="-0.292">0.292 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
among the seven calls and ranging from 0.211–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF9BFF83ABF0FC81FED7CB57" box="[227,289,799,823]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="55" value="-0.811">0.811</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9BFF83AA51FC81FE5ECB57" box="[322,424,799,823]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,239,1015,1039]" captionText="TABLE 10. Call data for three specimens of Cophixalus clapporum from Woodlark Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Each note begins abruptly and declines smoothly during its last 200 ms or so, producing an amplitude envelope sharply truncated on the left and rounded on the right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83AF3DFCDAFB78CB3C" box="[1070,1166,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,939,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[181,1405,922,1616]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Expanded waveforms of typical notes for (A) Cophixalus albolineatus sp. nov. (BPBM 18433) showing semilunar amplitude envelope, and (B) C. clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 40005) showing abrupt beginning to note." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282932/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 15A). The dominant frequency of the calls varied within a very narrow window (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83A877FCF9FC4CCB1F" box="[868,954,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,976,999]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,352,947]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 21 calls of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 40005) recorded on Woodlark Is., 11 October 2011, air temperature 26.5 C. The continuous signal at approximately 5 kHz is an orthopteran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282934/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B), averaging 2330 Hz and ranging from 2250–2460 Hz (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF9BFF83AA5FFC12FE44CBC4" box="[332,434,908,932]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,239,1015,1039]" captionText="TABLE 10. Call data for three specimens of Cophixalus clapporum from Woodlark Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Below the dominant frequency is another peak with almost as much energy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83AE3BFC12FA8FCBC4" box="[1320,1401,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,976,999]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,352,947]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of 21 calls of Cophixalus clapporum sp. nov. (BPBM 40005) recorded on Woodlark Is., 11 October 2011, air temperature 26.5 C. The continuous signal at approximately 5 kHz is an orthopteran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282934/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C), which averages 1770 Hz and ranges from
|
||
<date id="FFD7107AFF9BFF83A97CFC31FD1BCBA7" box="[623,749,943,967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1660" valueMax="1937">1660–1937</date>
|
||
Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF9BFF83AB84FC69FE67CC4F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83AB84FC69FE67CC4F" blockId="25.[151,1436,1015,1071]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83AB84FC69FEE1CC6F" bold="true" box="[151,279,1015,1039]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Call data for three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF9BFF83A96AFC66FC9BCC6F" box="[633,877,1016,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83A96AFC66FC9BCC6F" box="[633,877,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cophixalus clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Woodlark Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABB9FBCEFA9CCC04" blockId="25.[165,1411,1104,1649]" box="[170,1386,1104,1124]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Specimen Call Temperature Number Call Note duration (s) Internote duration Repetition Dominant</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83AA31FBF7FC4BCE8F" blockId="25.[165,1411,1104,1649]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
series (˚C) of notes duration (s) (s) rate (notes/s) frequency (kHz) BPBM a 26.5 21 11.0 0.227 ± 0.0050 0.304 ± 0.0079 1.91 2.42 ± 0.0050 40005 (0.214–0.324) (0.271–0.412) (2.39–2.46) b “ 26 14.3 0.225 ± 0.0037 0.332 ± 0.0234 1.82 2.41 ± 0.0056 (0.210–0.309) (0.246–0.811) (2.39–2.46) BPBM a 25.2 27 13.4 0.216 ± 0.0039 0.289 ± 0.0104 2.01 2.27 ± 0.0043 40006 (0.200–0.311) (0.242–0.490) (2.25–2.32) b “ 25 12.7 0.218 ± 0.0044 0.297 ± 0.0067 1.97 2.29 ± 0.0034 (0.204–0.319) (0.259–0.377) (2.25–2.32) BPBM a 27.0 31 14.4 0.213 ± 0.0048 0.256 ± 0.0069 2.15 2.30 ± 0.0038 40007 (0.195–0.343) (0.211–0.363) (2.25–2.32) b “ 33 16.1 0.212 ± 0.0038 0.277 ± 0.0109 2.05 2.31 ± 0.0033 (0.195–0.316) (0.225–0.547) (2.25–2.35) c “ 10 5.1 0.231 ± 0.0110 0.292 ± 0.0312 1.96 2.32 ± 0.0035 (0.205–0.308) (0.223–0.534) (2.32–2.35)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83ABD4F92DFEB8CEAB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1715,1739]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a genitive honorific for Eleanor Clapp, who first brought my attention to this frog, and George Clapp, who graciously hosted my visits to Woodlark Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABD4F965FBF0CF3A" blockId="25.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83ABD4F965FEECCF73" bold="true" box="[199,282,1787,1811]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from Woodlark Island, Milne Bay Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF9BFF83A8B0F965FB8CCF72" box="[931,1146,1786,1810]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF9BFF83AF9AF964FB3BCF72" box="[1161,1229,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[281,1296,896,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[280,1307,890,1631]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of southeastern New Guinea and adjacent islands showing type localities for Cophixalus ateles (filled star), C. sisyphus and C. nexipus sp. nov. (filled circle), C. verrucosus (stars), C. albolineatus sp. nov. (filled square), C. clapporum and C. amabilis (filled triangle), and an additional locality for C. albolineatus sp. nov. (open square). Five additional numbered localities from which call samples of C. verrucosus were obtained for this study are: 1 = Sudest Island, type locality for C. aimbensis; 2 = Cloudy Mts.; 3 = N slope of Mt. Simpson; 4 = W slope of Mt. Dayman; and 5 = Fane. Elevational contours are at 1000 m (light gray) and 1500 m (dark gray)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282921/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it is likely endemic, although it may occupy some of the adjacent islets. Animals were heard calling at several sites around the center of the island, and the species undoubtedly occurs throughout Woodlark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF9BFF83ABD4F8F8FD8CCF8A" blockId="25.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF9BFF83ABD4F8F8FE62CF1F" bold="true" box="[199,404,1894,1919]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species inhabits mature lowland rainforest, with canopy heights at approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF9BFF83AB84F814FF0ACFC2" box="[151,252,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
25–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD33FF9BFF83ABD1F814FF0ACFC2" box="[194,252,1930,1954]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">35 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Animals were always found on or near the ground in lowland primary rainforest, most in a gully adjacent to a small, slow-moving stream. Several frogs were found sheltering during daytime under rocks immediately adjacent to a slow-moving lowland stream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80ABD4FF09FC5FC8B4" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The smallest mature male is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80A900FF09FD8CC8CF" box="[531,634,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="23.2">23.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SV; two immature males are 16.4 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80AF2DFF09FB5EC8CF" box="[1086,1192,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The smallest mature female is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80AA17FF22FE9CC8B4" box="[260,362,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="26.1">26.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; four immature females range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF98FF80A9ECFF22FC52C8B4" box="[767,932,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" metricValueMax="2.3899999999999997" metricValueMin="1.69" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="20.4" valueMax="23.9" valueMin="16.9">16.9–23.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF98FF80ABD4FF41FB39C97C" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Syntopic microhylids include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A934FF7FFD6BC898" box="[551,669,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Barygenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A934FF7FFD6BC898" box="[551,669,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Barygenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80A9B9FF7EFCFEC897" box="[682,776,224,247]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the following species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AF53FF7EFB49C898" box="[1088,1215,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AF53FF7EFB49C898" box="[1088,1215,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cophixalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AFC0FF7EFADBC898" box="[1235,1325,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Copiula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AFC0FF7EFADBC898" box="[1235,1325,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Copiula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80AE29FF7EFA6EC897" box="[1338,1432,224,247]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AB84FE9AFE6AC97C" box="[151,412,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Genyophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AB84FE9AFE6AC97C" box="[151,412,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Genyophryne thomsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80AABAFE9AFD5BC97C" box="[425,685,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myopicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80AABAFE9AFD5BC97C" box="[425,685,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hylophorbus myopicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A9A9FE9AFCA7C97C" box="[698,849,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Mantophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A9A9FE9AFCA7C97C" box="[698,849,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mantophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80A84BFE9BFC47C97C" box="[856,945,261,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF98FF80A8FFFE9AFB84C97C" box="[1004,1138,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF98FF80A8FFFE9AFB84C97C" box="[1004,1138,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oreophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF98FF80AF6AFE9BFB39C97C" box="[1145,1231,261,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |