496 lines
63 KiB
XML
496 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="07ACABC06E88A1643B542A1AA1A22A84" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282919" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460556013358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2012" docId="03C087ACFF8EFF8AAB84F90EFDF4CFF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03559p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cophixalus nexipus Kraus, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFF9FFD4FF82FF9AAB13FF9EFFF6C860" masterDocTitle="Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698319243426" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="382FA9C4A3FA7E09985FFEC8688F8C79" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="919323B4910D913318681CB88CD318BA">
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<mods:title id="40F1D542BD666270B1E83627EB2896C9">Papuan frogs of the genus Cophixalus (Anura: Microhylidae): new synonyms, new species, and a dichotomous key</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="75822B1A62A3D5B702E212CD1516B275" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E32581AC51BA22A30F57C85908D096F7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB845488A19D7EAAC2ED892F4FC1D9A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A40CDA6B46635B550572DDF8DFC77E50">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="60122B54B9107339E52FAA7D3BA217D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B692EDBEC8EF7F556768D3CB9F30E6B0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2D967E4B4314B28094A32FD355272915">
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<mods:date id="B6B28971D5ADAC116EFFF0ADDBAEB6E5">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="01A21CBADFB106DA9D25510CBE3C32CE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2859AD6B6D5672B2604E763D91BE55AB">3559</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="104ACE8039F1159268FB4E4569A7DE06">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C9E813903C0D0ABB40B2E9F48301112A">36</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7E5378306CCDF4E809900EF6E920B3B1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A22D6A3A3E31A84C280EBF079A1EF1D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282919</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5CA3ECEEEEBE222997084D2720A2CFA0" type="GBIF-Dataset">09d06f43-47e0-4f67-8ed9-54c16248c2c4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC8301D6FAB345D5CFCAF9F3BEA99F65" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F4EAA9AF6C5DD2517B73421D7FDF75A6" type="Zenodo-Dep">282919</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C087ACFF8EFF8AAB84F90EFDF4CFF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180276" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180276" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087ACFF8EFF8AAB84F90EFDF4CFF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087ACFF8EFF8AAB84F90EFDF4CFF0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF8EFF96AB84F90EFEFECEAB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8EFF96AB84F90EFE05CECA" blockId="12.[151,499,1680,1739]" box="[151,499,1680,1706]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D09E81D6FF8EFF96AB84F90EFE05CECA" bold="true" box="[151,499,1680,1706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8EFF96AB84F90EFE05CECA" bold="true" box="[151,499,1680,1706]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8EFF96AB84F90EFE71CECA" ID-CoL="Y44P" box="[151,391,1680,1706]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8EFF96AB84F90EFE71CECA" bold="true" box="[151,391,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8EFF96AA86F90EFE05CECA" box="[405,499,1680,1706]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8EFF96AB84F92DFEFECEAB" blockId="12.[151,499,1680,1739]" box="[151,264,1715,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8EFF96AB84F92DFF2CCEAB" box="[151,218,1715,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8EFF96ABF5F92DFF04CEAB" box="[230,242,1715,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8</figureCitation>
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A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF8EFF96AB84F965FE63CFC3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8EFF96AB84F965FBBFCF57" blockId="12.[151,1436,1787,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8EFF96AB84F965FEF2CF73" box="[151,260,1787,1811]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8EFF96AB84F965FEF2CF73" bold="true" box="[151,260,1787,1811]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF8EFF96AA07F962FE94CF73" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[276,354,1788,1811]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BPBM</collectionCode>
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19323 (field tag FK 9108), collected by F. Kraus and B. Iova, W slope Mt. Obree,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF8EFF96AE34F965FA60CF73" box="[1319,1430,1787,1811]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="-9.4601">9.4601º S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF8EFF96AB84F881FED5CF57" box="[151,291,1823,1847]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="148.0304">148.0304º E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF8EFF96AA3DF881FE3DCF57" box="[302,459,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1920.0" valueMax="2040.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2040 m</quantity>
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, Central Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF8EFF96A9B1F8BEFC8BCF57" box="[674,893,1823,1847]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFD7107AFF8EFF96A89BF8BEFBB3CF57" box="[904,1093,1823,1847]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2004-02-07">7 February 2004</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8EFF96ABD4F8DDFE63CFC3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1787,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8EFF96ABD4F8DDFE54CF3B" bold="true" box="[199,418,1858,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8EFF96ABD4F8DDFEC9CF3B" box="[199,319,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(n = 21)
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF8EFF96AAA3F8DAFE08CF3B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[432,510,1860,1883]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BPBM</collectionCode>
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19320–21, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8EFF96A804F8DDFC8FCF3B" box="[791,889,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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except collected
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<date id="FFD7107AFF8EFF96AF2FF8DDFB41CF3B" box="[1084,1207,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4 February</date>
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by F. Kraus;
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF8EFF96AE5DF8DAFA6ACF3B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1358,1436,1860,1883]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BPBM</collectionCode>
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19322, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8EFF96AA9EF8F9FE19CF1F" box="[397,495,1895,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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except collected
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<date id="FFD7107AFF8EFF96A9AFF8F9FCCFCF1F" box="[700,825,1895,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5 February</date>
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by F. Kraus;
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF8EFF96A8CEF8F6FBDDCF1F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[989,1067,1896,1919]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BPBM</collectionCode>
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19324–37,
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE7FFF8EFF96AFA5F8F9FAEDCF1F" box="[1206,1307,1895,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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24108–11, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8EFF96AA38F815FE67CFC3" box="[299,401,1931,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736531FF8EFF97ABD4F830FC69C9E7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8EFF97ABD4F830FC0EC8B4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1787,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8EFF96ABD4F830FEB7CFA7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1966,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A species characterized by its unique combination of modest size (male SV =
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF8EFF96AFFDF831FA61CFA7" box="[1262,1431,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0799999999999996" metricValueMax="2.27" metricValueMin="1.89" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="20.799999999999997" valueMax="22.7" valueMin="18.9">18.9–22.7 mm</quantity>
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, female SV =
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF8EFF96AA53F84DFE1BCF8B" box="[320,493,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.735" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.7199999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="27.35" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="27.2">27.2–27.5 mm</quantity>
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); basal webbing between toes; finger discs larger than toe discs (3rdF/4thT = 1.07–1.37); first finger of normal size, bearing a disc; dorsum pustulose, irregularly smudged/mottled with dark brown; and venter straw yellow densely and evenly flecked with dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8FFF97ABD4FF41FC69C9E7" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97ABD4FF41FDBEC898" bold="true" box="[199,584,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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The new species differs from all other Papuan members of the genus except
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97AB84FE9BFEF5C97C" box="[151,259,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AB84FE9BFEF5C97C" box="[151,259,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. kethuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97AA2CFE9BFE23C97C" box="[319,469,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tagulensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AA2CFE9BFE23C97C" box="[319,469,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. tagulensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having webbing between the toes. Both of those species are of smaller size (SV 12.4–15.0 mm in
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97AA7AFEB6FE21C920" box="[361,471,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AA7AFEB6FE21C920" box="[361,471,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. kethuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<quantity id="4C919B5FFF8FFF97A906FEB9FD4BC95F" box="[533,701,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="13.5">13.5–18.5 mm</quantity>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97A9FBFEB6FC88C920" box="[744,894,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tagulensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97A9FBFEB6FC88C920" box="[744,894,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. tagulensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and have finger discs smaller than toe discs. Further,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97ABEBFED3FE92C904" box="[248,356,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kethuk">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97ABEBFED3FE92C904" box="[248,356,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. kethuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks a disc on the first finger and has a smooth dorsum, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97AF2BFED3FB3BC904" box="[1080,1229,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tagulensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AF2BFED3FB3BC904" box="[1080,1229,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. tagulensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the toes halfwebbed and the venter evenly stippled, not flecked, with dark brown.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF8FFF97AB84F816FCD0CFA1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8FFF97AB84F816FCD0CFA1" blockId="13.[151,1435,1928,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AB84F816FEE2CFFE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1928,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
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(A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8FFF97AB84F835FEABCFA1" box="[151,349,1963,1985]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8FFF97AB84F835FEABCFA1" box="[151,349,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8FFF97AA77F832FE45CFA1" box="[356,435,1964,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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(BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF8CFF94AB84FA54FBABCE7E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8CFF94AB84FA54FBABCE7E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1482,1567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94AB84FA54FEE5CD80" bold="true" box="[151,275,1482,1505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
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Portraits in life of (A)
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94AAEDFA55FD33CD81" box="[510,709,1483,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94AAEDFA55FD33CD81" box="[510,709,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94A9DFFA52FCEBCD81" box="[716,797,1484,1505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype BPBM 19323; (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94AF5BFA55FB15CD81" box="[1096,1251,1483,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94AF5BFA55FB15CD81" box="[1096,1251,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94AFF9FA52FACDCD81" box="[1258,1339,1484,1505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype BPBM 18429; (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94AA4FFA74FE1FCD9F" box="[348,489,1513,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94AA4FFA74FE1FCD9F" box="[348,489,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94AAFCFA74FDB4CD9F" box="[495,578,1514,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype BPBM 37718; (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94A861FA74FC08CD9F" box="[882,1022,1513,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clapporum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94A861FA74FC08CD9F" box="[882,1022,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. clapporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94AF16FA74FBAECD9F" box="[1029,1112,1514,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype BPBM 37721; (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94AE97FA74FF18CE7E" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94AE97FA74FF18CE7E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94ABE7F997FEB3CE7E" box="[244,325,1545,1566]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype BPBM 37730; and (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8CFF94A984F997FCFACE7E" box="[663,780,1544,1566]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94A984F997FCFACE7E" box="[663,780,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8CFF94A801F997FC95CE7E" box="[786,867,1545,1566]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype BPBM 37740.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF8CFF8AABDCF9D4FC71C994" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8CFF95ABDCF9D4FAFEC8B4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1610,2031]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,647]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8CFF94ABDCF9D4FE1CCE03" bold="true" box="[207,490,1610,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8CFF94AA90F9D5FE1CCE03" box="[387,490,1611,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. An adult male with small right-lateral incision, vocal slits. Head moderately wide (HW/SV = 0.39), with oblique loreal region; canthus rounded, straight when viewed from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8CFF94AFC8F9F1FAEBCEE7" box="[1243,1309,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A); nostrils directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance larger than distance from naris to eye (EN/ IN = 0.90, IN/SV = 0.093, EN/SV = 0.084); snout truncate when viewed from the side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8CFF94AFAAF929FAF7CEAF" box="[1209,1281,1719,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B), shallowly angulate when viewed from above; eyes of moderate size (EY/SV = 0.12); eyelid approximately 2/3 width of interorbital distance; tympanum small (TY/SV = 0.026) and indistinct. Dorsal and lateral surfaces pustulose; ventral surfaces granulose; supratympanic fold small but distinct. Fingers with trace of basal webbing; relative lengths 3>4>2>1; first finger well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8CFF94A989F8D9FD2BCF3F" box="[666,733,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Third finger disc approximately twice width of penultimate phalanx (3rdF/SV = 0.077); that of first finger barely wider than penultimate phalanx. Subarticular and metacarpal tubercles low and poorly developed but distinct. Toes with basal webbing and fringes along T3 and T4 that extend to the disc, bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 4>3>5>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8CFF94A8E4F82DFBCFCFAB" box="[1015,1081,1971,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,461,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Top of head, (B) side of head, (C) palmar view of left hand, and (D) plantar view of left foot of holotype of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282926/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Toe discs smaller than those of fingers (3rdF/4thT = 1.30); disc of fourth toe less than 1.5 times width of penultimate phalanx (4thT/SV = 0.059); disc of first toe approximately same width as penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles poorly developed; inner metatarsal tubercle low and elongate, outer lacking.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF8DFF95A832FF22FCAFC8B4" box="[801,857,188,212]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs moderately long (TL/SV = 0.48).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4FF41FBE4C9E7" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorsal ground color dark tan, irregularly mottled, smudged, and freckled with dark brown, this concentrated dorsolaterally, on snout, on posterior of head, and in a suprascapular chevron. A vaguely defined tan postocular stripe runs below the darker supratympanic fold. Rear of thighs tan mottled with dark brown; front of thighs same but with less dark mottling. Ventral surfaces straw yellow densely and evenly flecked with dark brown and with scattered gray-white punctations across abdomen. Iris black flecked with silver.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4FE0BFDDEC9B2" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95ABD4FE0BFE26C9CC" box="[199,464,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
—SV = 22.7, TL = 11.0, HW = 8.8, HL = 7.4, IN = 2.1, EN = 1.9, SN = 3.0, EY = 2.7, TY = 0.6, 3rdF = 1.75, 4thT = 1.35.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4FE40FDDCCAE7" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95ABD4FE40FECDC997" bold="true" box="[199,315,478,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural variation for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8DFF95A97CFE7EFD69C998" box="[623,671,480,504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF8DFF95A862FE41FC30C997" box="[881,966,479,503]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,239,694,718]" captionTargetBox="[165,1395,783,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Mensural data for type series of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. Characters showing non-overlapping ranges among at least two of the samples are shown with an asterisk." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. Adult males and juveniles appear to have slightly larger snouts than do adult females (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF8DFF95A9ABFD9CFCE3CA7A" box="[696,789,514,538]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,239,694,718]" captionTargetBox="[165,1395,783,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Mensural data for type series of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. Characters showing non-overlapping ranges among at least two of the samples are shown with an asterisk." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), but the difference is not great. Otherwise, no clear ontogenetic or sexually dimorphic differences are apparent in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8DFF95A861FDB6FC54CA20" box="[882,930,552,576]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. All specimens have clearly developed basal webbing between the toes, with that of the largest females appearing only slightly more conspicuous than what is seen in the other specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" ID-Table-UUID="DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[165,1395,783,1465]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95AB84FD28FCDFCA8D" blockId="15.[151,1435,694,749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95AB84FD28FEFACAAE" bold="true" box="[151,268,694,718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural data for type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF8DFF95A992FD29FCA3CAAE" box="[641,853,695,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95A992FD29FCA3CAAE" box="[641,853,695,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF8DFF95A84CFD28FC42CAAD" box="[863,948,694,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Characters showing non-overlapping ranges among at least two of the samples are shown with an asterisk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABB6FCBBFA90CDD9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<table id="F969C41AFF8D0065ABB6FC91FA85CDD9" box="[165,1395,783,1465]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FC91FA85CB31" box="[165,1395,783,849]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FC91FEFACB31" box="[165,268,783,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FC91FD60CB31" box="[391,662,783,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Males (n = 10) mean range</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFC91FC0BCB31" box="[749,1021,783,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Females (n = 4) mean range</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FC91FA85CB31" box="[1108,1395,783,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Immatures (n = 8) mean range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FCF9FA85CB1D" box="[165,1395,871,893]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FCF9FEFACB1D" box="[165,268,871,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SV (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FCF9FD60CB1D" box="[391,662,871,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">21.5 18.9–22.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFCF9FC0BCB1D" box="[749,1021,871,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">27.3 27.2–27.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FCF9FA85CB1D" box="[1108,1395,871,893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17.8 13.4–22.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FC0DFA85CBC9" box="[165,1395,915,937]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FC0DFEFACBC9" box="[165,268,915,937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FC0DFD60CBC9" box="[391,662,915,937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.48 0.47–0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFC0DFC0BCBC9" box="[749,1021,915,937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.44 0.42–0.46</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FC0DFA85CBC9" box="[1108,1395,915,937]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.47 0.44–0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FC21FA85CBB5" box="[165,1395,959,981]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FC21FEFACBB5" box="[165,268,959,981]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">EN/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FC21FD60CBB5" box="[391,662,959,981]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.086 0.081–0.090</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFC21FC0BCBB5" box="[749,1021,959,981]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.080 0.077–0.081</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FC21FA85CBB5" box="[1108,1395,959,981]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.088 0.081–0.097</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FC75FA85CC61" box="[165,1395,1003,1025]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FC75FEFACC61" box="[165,268,1003,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IN/SV*</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FC75FD60CC61" box="[391,662,1003,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.093 0.090–0.095</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFC75FC0BCC61" box="[749,1021,1003,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.087 0.084–0.088</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FC75FA85CC61" box="[1108,1395,1003,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.098 0.093–0.105</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FB89FA85CC4D" box="[165,1395,1047,1069]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FB89FEFACC4D" box="[165,268,1047,1069]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FB89FD60CC4D" box="[391,662,1047,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.14 0.13–0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFB89FC0BCC4D" box="[749,1021,1047,1069]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.13 0.13–0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FB89FA85CC4D" box="[1108,1395,1047,1069]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.14 0.14–0.16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FBDDFA85CC39" box="[165,1395,1091,1113]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FBDDFEFACC39" box="[165,268,1091,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FBDDFD60CC39" box="[391,662,1091,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.030 0.026–0.036</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFBDDFC0BCC39" box="[749,1021,1091,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.034 0.029–0.040</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FBDDFA85CC39" box="[1108,1395,1091,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.035 0.027–0.050</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FBEEFA85CCE5" box="[165,1395,1136,1157]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FBEEFEFACCE5" box="[165,268,1136,1157]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">EY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FBEEFD60CCE5" box="[391,662,1136,1157]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.13 0.12–0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFBEEFC0BCCE5" box="[749,1021,1136,1157]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.12 0.12–0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FBEEFA85CCE5" box="[1108,1395,1136,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.12 0.11–0.13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FB05FA85CCD1" box="[165,1395,1179,1201]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FB05FEFACCD1" box="[165,268,1179,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">HW/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FB05FD60CCD1" box="[391,662,1179,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.41 0.39–0.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFB05FC0BCCD1" box="[749,1021,1179,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.38 0.37–0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FB05FA85CCD1" box="[1108,1395,1179,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.40 0.36–0.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FB59FA85CCBD" box="[165,1395,1223,1245]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FB59FEFACCBD" box="[165,268,1223,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">HL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FB59FD60CCBD" box="[391,662,1223,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.34 0.32–0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFB59FC0BCCBD" box="[749,1021,1223,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.31 0.31–0.32</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FB59FA85CCBD" box="[1108,1395,1223,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.34 0.32–0.36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FB6DFA85CD69" box="[165,1395,1267,1289]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FB6DFEFACD69" box="[165,268,1267,1289]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3rdF/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FB6DFD60CD69" box="[391,662,1267,1289]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.071 0.063–0.077</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFB6DFC0BCD69" box="[749,1021,1267,1289]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.071 0.066–0.076</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FB6DFA85CD69" box="[1108,1395,1267,1289]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.062 0.052–0.076</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FA81FA85CD55" box="[165,1395,1311,1333]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FA81FEFACD55" box="[165,268,1311,1333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4thT/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FA81FD60CD55" box="[391,662,1311,1333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.056 0.053–0.059</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFA81FC0BCD55" box="[749,1021,1311,1333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.056 0.053–0.064</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FA81FA85CD55" box="[1108,1395,1311,1333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.051 0.044–0.058</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FAD5FA85CD01" box="[165,1395,1355,1377]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FAD5FEFACD01" box="[165,268,1355,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FAD5FD60CD01" box="[391,662,1355,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.92 0.86–1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFAD5FC0BCD01" box="[749,1021,1355,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.92 0.88–0.96</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FAD5FA85CD01" box="[1108,1395,1355,1377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.90 0.86–0.95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FAE9FA85CDED" box="[165,1395,1399,1421]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FAE9FEFACDED" box="[165,268,1399,1421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3rdF/4thT</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FAE9FD60CDED" box="[391,662,1399,1421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.28 1.14–1.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFAE9FC0BCDED" box="[749,1021,1399,1421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.26 1.20–1.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FAE9FA85CDED" box="[1108,1395,1399,1421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.21 1.07–1.31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF8D0065ABB6FA3DFA85CDD9" box="[165,1395,1443,1465]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF8D0065ABB6FA3DFEFACDD9" box="[165,268,1443,1465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AA94FA3DFD60CDD9" box="[391,662,1443,1465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.82 0.76–0.88</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065A9FEFA3DFC0BCDD9" box="[749,1021,1443,1465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.83 0.81–0.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF8D0065AF47FA3DFA85CDD9" box="[1108,1395,1443,1465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.85 0.80–0.91</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4FA65FEF6CE1F" blockId="15.[151,1436,1531,2023]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
There is little color variation. Most specimens have the gray-brown appearance of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8DFF95AF8FFA65FAF7CE73" box="[1180,1281,1531,1555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but three are lighter brown. Most have the dark suprascapular chevron, but this is often indistinct. The dark ventral flecking varies only slightly in intensity, with only four specimens having less contrast with the ground color than does the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8DFF95AB84F9F9FF0BCE1F" box="[151,253,1639,1663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4F914FD30CFFF" blockId="15.[151,1436,1531,2023]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95ABD4F914FE90CEC3" bold="true" box="[199,358,1674,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
From field notes for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF8DFF95A979F915FD3ACEC3" box="[618,716,1675,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
BPBM 19323 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF8DFF95A899F915FC27CEC3" box="[906,977,1675,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,173,1461]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portraits in life of (A) Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., holotype BPBM 19323; (B) C. albolineatus sp. nov., paratype BPBM 18429; (C) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37718; (D) C. clapporum sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37721; (E) C. amabilis sp. nov., holotype BPBM 37730; and (F) C. amabilis sp. nov., paratype BPBM 37740." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282927/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A): “Dorsum mud-brown, reddish middorsally, with gray suprascapular chevron and dark brown flecks all over. Iris mud-brown. Venter pale purple, except chin and throat, which are pale straw; entire venter speckled with dark brown flecks. Rear of thighs mudbrown with dark-brown mottling. One dark band across the forearm, another above the wrist.” BPBM 19321: “Dorsum green-gray with gray scapular mark and irregular gray or black flecking, with pustules, which are tan. Limbs tan with black flecking; rear of thighs same. Venter flecked light and dark gray with scattered white flecks on abdomen. Posterior belly and under legs light straw. Iris light brown.” BPBM 19320 was yellow-brown above; BPBM 19330 had a narrow, tan mid-dorsal stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF8DFF95ABD4F834FC7FCF87" blockId="15.[151,1436,1531,2023]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF8DFF95ABD4F834FF09CFA3" bold="true" box="[199,255,1962,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
This species calls at night from the edges of streams. Most calling animals were perched on leaves
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF8DFF95AE77F835FF4FCF87" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="4.0">4–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
above ground, but one specimen was calling from under a rock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4FF09FC71C994" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The call is a single, relatively long (0.99–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D507DFF92FF8AA989FF09FD3CC8CF" box="[666,714,151,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="555" value="-1.35">1.35</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s), highly pulsed note lacking harmonic structure and frequency modulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AAA3BFF22FE9BC8B4" box="[296,365,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1316,1339]" captionTargetBox="[174,1422,913,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,894,1295]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of two calls of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323) recorded at Mt. Obree, 7 February 2004, air temperature 16.7 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282928/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and delivered at intervals of 2.7 to 50 s apart (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF92FF8AA8BFFF22FBF0C8B4" box="[940,1030,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,239,547,571]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,635,823]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 6. Call parameters for Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. from the west slope of Mt. Obree, Central Province, PNG. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). To the human ear the call sounds similar to a squeaky door hinge or a throaty snore. The number of pulses/call varied from 44–63, and pulse rate varied from 41.5–57.4/s. Notes increase in amplitude relatively rapidly and maintain approximately maximum amplitude for most of the note before decreasing again relatively rapidly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AA8FAFEB9FBD8C95F" box="[1001,1070,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1316,1339]" captionTargetBox="[174,1422,913,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,894,1295]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of two calls of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323) recorded at Mt. Obree, 7 February 2004, air temperature 16.7 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282928/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Notes have lesser-amplitude pulses at the beginning and end of the note, giving the waveform a rounded rectanglar shape, with most notes showing approximately equal-amplitude pulses for most of their duration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AA8E2FEF1FBB3C9E7" box="[1009,1093,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,205,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[158,1429,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Expanded waveforms of (A) typical note of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., uncaptured animal, showing rectangular shape of amplitude envelope; (B) note from C. nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19232) showing left-handed skew in amplitude envelope common to this individual; and (C) typical note of C. amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 15840)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282929/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A), but for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28818FF92FF8AAFE6FEF1FAA1C9E7" box="[1269,1367,367,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
notes frequently increase to peak amplitude more gradually than they decrease, giving the amplitude envelope a slight skew to the left (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AAA4DFE29FE45C9AF" box="[350,435,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,205,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[158,1429,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Expanded waveforms of (A) typical note of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov., uncaptured animal, showing rectangular shape of amplitude envelope; (B) note from C. nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19232) showing left-handed skew in amplitude envelope common to this individual; and (C) typical note of C. amabilis sp. nov. (BPBM 15840)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282929/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Pulsing is invariably slower at the beginning, and quicker at the end, of each note. Dominant frequency varies from 2.80–3.96 kHz (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EB0301FF92FF8AA9D3FE42FCE1C994" box="[704,791,476,500]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,239,547,571]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,635,823]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 6. Call parameters for Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. from the west slope of Mt. Obree, Central Province, PNG. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AA830FE42FC93C994" box="[803,869,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1316,1339]" captionTargetBox="[174,1422,913,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,894,1295]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of two calls of Cophixalus nexipus sp. nov. (BPBM 19323) recorded at Mt. Obree, 7 February 2004, air temperature 16.7 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282928/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" ID-Table-UUID="DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[165,1412,635,823]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AAB84FDBDFD3ECA3B" blockId="16.[151,1437,547,603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AAB84FDBDFEFDCA5B" bold="true" box="[151,267,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Call parameters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AAAFEFDBAFD36CA5B" box="[493,704,548,571]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AAAFEFDBAFD36CA5B" box="[493,704,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF92FF8AA9DBFDBAFCEACA5B" box="[712,796,548,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the west slope of Mt. Obree, Central Province, PNG. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABBDFDE5FA98CB57" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F969C41AFF920065ABB6FDE5FA72CB57" box="[165,1412,635,823]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF920065ABB6FDE5FA72CAC8" box="[165,1412,635,680]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065ABB6FDE5FEFACAC8" box="[165,268,635,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Individual</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065AA26FDE5FE89CAC8" box="[309,383,635,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Number of calls</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065AAB7FDE5FDEECAC8" box="[420,536,635,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Temperature (˚C)</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065A928FDE5FD47CAC8" box="[571,689,635,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Call duration (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065A9CDFDE5FC83CAC8" box="[734,885,635,680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Interval between calls (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065A8B0FDE5FBE3CAC8" box="[931,1045,635,680]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pulses/note</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065AF53FDE5FB37CAC8" box="[1088,1217,635,680]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pulse rate (pulses/s)</th>
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065AFFCFDE5FA72CAC8" box="[1263,1412,635,680]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF920065ABB6FD20FA72CA90" box="[165,1412,702,752]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065ABB6FD20FEFACA90" box="[165,268,702,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">uncaptured</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AA26FD20FE89CA90" box="[309,383,702,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AAB7FD20FDEECA90" box="[420,536,702,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">15.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A928FD20FD47CA90" box="[571,689,702,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.15 ± 0.022 (0.99–1.29)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A9CDFD20FC83CA90" box="[734,885,702,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.74 ± 0.143 (2.68–4.61)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A8B0FD20FBE3CA90" box="[931,1045,702,752]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">58.4 ± 0.598 (54–63)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AF53FD20FB37CA90" box="[1088,1217,702,752]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">50.98 ± 0.783 (47.29–57.43)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AFFCFD20FA72CA90" box="[1263,1412,702,752]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.32 ± 0.086 (2.80–3.96)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355934F8FF920065ABB6FC9BFA72CB57" box="[165,1412,773,823]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76885D84FF920065ABB6FC9BFEFACB57" box="[165,268,773,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 19323</th>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AA26FC9BFE89CB57" box="[309,383,773,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AAB7FC9BFDEECB57" box="[420,536,773,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A928FC9BFD47CB57" box="[571,689,773,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.19 ± 0.020 (1.06–1.35)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A9CDFC9BFC83CB57" box="[734,885,773,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9.57 ± 3.452 (3.83–49.99)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065A8B0FC9BFBE3CB57" box="[931,1045,773,823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">53.5 ± 1.325 (44–63)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AF53FC9BFB37CB57" box="[1088,1217,773,823]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">45.09 ± 0.499 (41.51–47.01)</td>
|
||
<td id="76885D84FF920065AFFCFC9BFA72CB57" box="[1263,1412,773,823]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.93 ± 0.015 (2.80–3.00)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166632FF92FF8AAB84FABAFC86CD39" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282928/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[174,1422,913,1287]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AAB84FABAFC86CD39" blockId="16.[151,1436,1316,1370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AAB84FABAFEE3CD59" bold="true" box="[151,277,1316,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of two calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AAF31FABAFB1DCD5A" box="[1058,1259,1316,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AAF31FABAFB1DCD5A" box="[1058,1259,1316,1338]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cophixalus nexipus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57D3FF92FF8AAFE7FABBFAB3CD5A" box="[1268,1349,1317,1338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(BPBM 19323) recorded at Mt. Obree, 7 February 2004, air temperature 16.7 C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736531FF92FF8AABD4FA1FFDF4CFF0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4FA1FFB06CDF8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1408,1936]" box="[199,1264,1408,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AABD4FA1FFEB8CDF9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1409,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The trivial epithet is a masculine latinized Greek adjective meaning “web-footed”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4FA3BFD6ACD80" blockId="16.[151,1436,1408,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AABD4FA3BFEECCDDD" bold="true" box="[199,282,1445,1469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from a single mid-elevation site at
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA84AFA3AFC01CDDC" box="[857,1015,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1920.0" valueMax="2040.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2040 m</quantity>
|
||
on the western slope of Mt. Obree, Central Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E762AFF92FF8AAA71FA57FDCCCD80" box="[354,570,1480,1504]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A3FFF92FF8AA95AFA56FD78CD80" box="[585,654,1480,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[281,1296,896,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[280,1307,890,1631]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of southeastern New Guinea and adjacent islands showing type localities for Cophixalus ateles (filled star), C. sisyphus and C. nexipus sp. nov. (filled circle), C. verrucosus (stars), C. albolineatus sp. nov. (filled square), C. clapporum and C. amabilis (filled triangle), and an additional locality for C. albolineatus sp. nov. (open square). Five additional numbered localities from which call samples of C. verrucosus were obtained for this study are: 1 = Sudest Island, type locality for C. aimbensis; 2 = Cloudy Mts.; 3 = N slope of Mt. Simpson; 4 = W slope of Mt. Dayman; and 5 = Fane. Elevational contours are at 1000 m (light gray) and 1500 m (dark gray)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282921/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4FA72FEF1CF60" blockId="16.[151,1436,1408,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AABD4FA72FE66CE65" bold="true" box="[199,400,1516,1541]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Animals were moderately common along the edges of a small, first-order stream having a bed of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AAA03F98EFEAFCE48" box="[272,345,1552,1576]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
|
||
width and containing water ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA9D9F98EFCDACE48" box="[714,812,1552,1576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep. Streambed consisted mostly of gravel and small rocks and occurred in relatively open forest with a canopy of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AAF1FF9AAFBBECE2C" box="[1036,1096,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
height. Only one animal was found higher than
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AAA63F9C6FE4FCE10" box="[368,441,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground or farther than
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA85FF9C6FC8DCE10" box="[844,891,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
from the edge of the stream. When disturbed, animals jumped to the rocks or gravel beneath and pressed themselves close to it. In such instances, their color matched the substrate well. This is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AA997F93EFCF2CED8" box="[644,772,1696,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AA997F93EFCF2CED8" box="[644,772,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cophixalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I have seen leap into a stream in an attempt at escape. This and the partially webbed feet suggest the species spends some amount of its time in streams, if only to escape predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4F892FA83CF28" blockId="16.[151,1436,1408,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The smallest mature male is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA91DF892FD85CF44" box="[526,627,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SV; an immature male is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA888F892FBF5CF44" box="[923,1027,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The smallest mature female is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AAE78F892FF30CF28" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="27.2">27.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; four immature females range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AA94AF8AEFD09CF28" box="[601,767,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1149999999999998" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="21.15" valueMax="22.4" valueMin="19.9">19.9–22.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Three unsexed juveniles range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B5FFF92FF8AAFB7F8AEFAB1CF28" box="[1188,1351,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="14.1" valueMax="14.8" valueMin="13.4">13.4–14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636BAFF92FF8AABD4F8CAFDF4CFF0" blockId="16.[151,1436,1408,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Syntopic microhylids include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AA931F8CBFD15CF0D" box="[546,739,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AA931F8CBFD15CF0D" box="[546,739,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Callulops doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AA9E7F8CBFC49CF0D" box="[756,959,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ateles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AA9E7F8CBFC49CF0D" box="[756,959,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cophixalus ateles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AA8C2F8CBFB30CF0D" box="[977,1222,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iovaorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AA8C2F8CBFB30CF0D" box="[977,1222,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cophixalus iovaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AAFCBF8CBFA9CCF0D" box="[1240,1386,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AAFCBF8CBFA9CCF0D" box="[1240,1386,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hylophorbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D39FF92FF8AABD5F8E6FE0DCFF0" box="[198,507,1912,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnitympanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA8FF92FF8AABD5F8E6FE0DCFF0" box="[198,507,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liophryne magnitympanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |