314 lines
36 KiB
XML
314 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="73284FB849798ECCBBAC2845A381C4DA">Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70AE78FCDA4609F5BB9E4EF1043C5695">Merle, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DB3C6D078696EC0F3F970DF9DE92DB1">Bartolini, Annachiara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60CB3CD70A6C11D1654488FDE8A107FD">Lashari, Rafiq A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE54BE8E70DCD71C3A8B7F497DD4B407">Brohi, Imdad A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="201A0BC1BB59BA7C7B72174F9B2A685A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E8EC7ECD911C72CC150E779AED1CF8F0">3826</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A087E00E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFC01F904" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137820" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087E00E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFC01F904" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087E00E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFC01F904" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="C313657D0E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFEFCFE94" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFD23FEB5" blockId="11.[151,761,260,319]" box="[151,761,260,286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0FE819A0E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFD23FEB5" bold="true" box="[151,761,260,286]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFD23FEB5" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,761,260,286]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFD23FEB5" bold="true" box="[151,761,260,286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFEEAFE44FEB5" bold="true" box="[151,414,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Lyrischapa sismondai</emphasis>
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(d’Archiac & Haime, 1853)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFEC8FEFCFE94" blockId="11.[151,761,260,319]" box="[151,294,294,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13322A730E42FFB9FF77FEC8FF38FE94" box="[159,226,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,195,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[252,1335,195,1788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Lyria sp., CPAG. RAN. I. 1, stn 5; B – H. Mitreola brohii sp. nov., B – C (holotype, CPAG. RAN. I. 2, ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views, stn 4), D (paratype 1, CPAG RAN. I. 3, ventral view, stn 4), E – F (paratype 2, CPAG. RAN. I. 4, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, stn 4), G – H (paratype 3, CPAG. RAN. I. 5, juvenile, ventral view (G) and enlarged view of the spire (H), stn 4); I – K. Lyriopsis cossmanni (Vredenburg, 1923), I – J (CPAG. RAN. I. 6, ventral view (I) and enlarged view of the spire (J), stn 4), K (CPAG. RAN. I. 7, ventral view, stn 4); L. Lyrischapa haimei (d’Archiac & Haime, 1853), CPAG. RAN. I. 8, ventral view, stn 6; M – N. Lyrischapa sismondai (d’Archiac & Haime, 1853), M (CPAG. RAN. I. 10, ventral view, stn 6), N (CPAG. RAN. I. 9, dorsal view, stn 3). Scale bars: B – G, I, K – N = 10 mm; A, H, J = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228541/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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M–N)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C313657D0E42FFB9FF7FFE80FB0EFDD1" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFE80FCE8FE2F" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" box="[151,818,366,388]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFE80FD53FE2F" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853: 326" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityPageNumber="326" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,649,366,388]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFE80FE9FFE2F" box="[151,325,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Voluta sismondai</emphasis>
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d’Archiac & Haime, 1853: 326
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</taxonomicName>
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, p1. 31, figs. 25.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFE63FD08FE08" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" box="[151,722,397,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFE63FDF8FE08" authority="d'Archiac, 1850: 298" authorityName="d'Archiac" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,546,397,419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFE63FE9FFE08" box="[151,325,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Voluta sismondai</emphasis>
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d’Archiac, 1850: 298
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</taxonomicName>
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(nomen nudum).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFE42FCAFFE4B" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E42FFB9FF7FFE42FCAFFE4B" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFE42FD52FE69" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909: 26" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,648,428,450]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Aulicina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pusiola">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFE42FEE4FE69" box="[151,318,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Aulicina pusiola</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E42FFB9FEACFE42FD52FE69" author="Cossmann" box="[324,648,428,450]" page="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FEACFE42FDB8FE69" author="Cossmann" box="[324,610,428,450]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 26
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 2, fig. 34, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5.
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFE24FD0BFE4B" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909: 28" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,721,458,480]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Volutoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corrugatus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFE24FE52FE4B" box="[151,392,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Volutoconus corrugatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E42FFB9FE66FE24FD0BFE4B" author="Cossmann" box="[398,721,458,480]" page="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FE66FE24FD76FE4B" author="Cossmann" box="[398,684,458,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 28
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFE07FCD9FE54" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" box="[151,771,489,511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E42FFB9FF7FFE07FCD9FE54" box="[151,771,489,511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFE07FE9CFE54" box="[151,326,489,511]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Aulica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFE07FE9CFE54" box="[151,326,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Aulica sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E42FFB9FEBBFE07FDECFE54" author="Vredenburg" box="[339,566,489,511]" page="267" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FEBBFE07FDDCFE54" author="Vredenburg" box="[339,518,489,511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 267
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[new combination].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFDE6FD27FDB5" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" box="[151,765,520,542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E42FFB9FF7FFDE6FD27FDB5" box="[151,765,520,542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFDE6FE69FDB5" box="[151,435,520,542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Aulica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai" subGenus="Aulicina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFDE6FE69FDB5" box="[151,435,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Aulica (Aulicina) sismondai</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cotter
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FDEDFDE7FDC3FDB5" box="[517,537,521,542]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E42FFB9FDF7FDE6FD22FDB5" author="Vredenburg" box="[543,760,520,542]" page="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FDF7FDE6FD08FDB5" author="Vredenburg" box="[543,722,520,542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1928) A supplement to the Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (4), 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Vredenburg 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFDC6FB0EFDD1" blockId="11.[151,1260,366,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFDC6FEBBFD97" box="[151,353,550,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" genus="Eovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFDC6FEBBFD97" box="[151,353,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Eovasum sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FE85FDC8FE0EFD97" author="Cox" box="[365,468,550,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E42FFB9FE36FDC8FDC4FD97" box="[478,542,550,572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7244" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="in" value="186.0">186 in</quantity>
|
||
part (pl. 21, figs 1–4), see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FCC6FDC8FC1AFD97" author="Givens" box="[814,960,550,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[new combination].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFDA8FEE5FDF0" box="[151,319,581,603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" genus="Eovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haimei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFDA8FEE5FDF0" box="[151,319,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Eovasum haimei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misidentification as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FDF3FDABFC63FDF0" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[539,953,581,603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haimei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FDF3FDABFD7DFDF0" box="[539,679,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Voluta haimei</emphasis>
|
||
d’Archiac & Haime, 1853
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FC22FDABFBE1FDF0" author="Iqbal" box="[970,1083,581,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Iqbal, M. W. A. (1972) Paleocene bivalve and gastropod fauna from Jherruk-Lakhra-Bara Nai (Sind), Salt Range (Punjab) and Samana Range (N. W. F. P.), Pakistan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, 9, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1972">Iqbal 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64, pl. 17, fig. 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FF7FFD8AFEAEFDD1" box="[151,372,612,634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFD8AFEAEFDD1" box="[151,372,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Lyrischapa sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FE6AFD8AFDDCFDD1" author="Givens" box="[386,518,612,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 666, figs 3.9–3.11, 4.1, 4.2, 4.5 (non figs 4.3, 4.6) [new combination].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E42FFB9FF7FFD48FEA9FD48" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF7FFD48FEA9FD48" blockId="11.[151,1437,678,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF7FFD48FEDCFD14" bold="true" box="[151,262,678,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
1 spm (stn 3:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E42FFB9FE09FD49FDEBFD14" box="[481,561,679,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E42FFB9FD9EFD49FD55FD14" box="[630,655,679,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">I.9</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E42FFB9FD0DFD48FC9AFD14" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[741,832,678,703]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E42FFB9FCBFFD48FC6FFD14" box="[855,949,678,703]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A50347" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="EnaNcbi">A50347</accessionNumber>
|
||
); 1 spm (stn 6:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E42FFB9FB74FD49FB36FD14" box="[1180,1260,679,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E42FFB9FADAFD49FA83FD14" box="[1330,1369,679,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="2010-01">I.10</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E42FFB9FF7FFD24FF28FD48" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,242,714,739]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.A50348).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E42FFB9FF2FFD00FC01F904" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF2FFD00FCA0F9CC" blockId="11.[151,1437,678,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF2FFD00FE95FCAC" bold="true" box="[199,335,750,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
In order to avoid confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FD1FFD00FB56FCAC" authority="Givens (1991)" authorityName="Givens" authorityYear="1991" box="[759,1164,750,775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haimei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FD1FFD00FC15FCAC" box="[759,975,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Lyrischapa haimei</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FC0CFD00FB56FCAC" author="Givens" box="[996,1164,750,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gave a supplementary description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FEA9FCFAFE0BFC80" box="[321,465,786,811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FEA9FCFAFE0BFC80" box="[321,465,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L. sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to this author,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FD13FCFAFC50FC80" box="[763,906,786,811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FD13FCFAFC50FC80" box="[763,906,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L. sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a larger protoconch, a deeper shoulder sinus and its spiral sculpture differs by having threads of uniform size and spacing on the spire, rather than two sizes of threads alternating. The two specimens collected at Jhirak in the Lakhra Formation and at Jamshoro in the Bara Formation are no more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E42FFB9FDFEFC91FD4AFC3D" box="[534,656,895,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and have a high spire. They are rather similar to specimens from the Hangu Formation (NHMUK PI G49443, G49444, G49445) and from the Lakhra Formation (NHMUK PI G50319) illustrated in the paper by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FDCCFC28FD12FC74" author="Givens" box="[548,712,966,991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but they differ from the largest specimen (NHMUK PI G92737) from the Ypresian (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FE76FC04FD50FBA8" author="Wardlaw" box="[414,650,1002,1027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Wardlaw, R. B., Martin, W. E. & Iqbal, H. H. (2007) Stratigraphic analysis of Paleocene and Lower Eocene rocks adjacent to the Potwar Plateau, northern Pakistan. In: Warwick, P. D. & Wardlaw, R. B. (Eds.), Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan. Bulletin of the U. S. Geological Survey, 2078 - F, pp. 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Wardlaw
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FDE4FC02FD9CFBA8" box="[524,582,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the Nammal Formation, Salt Range,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E76660E42FFB9FB8BFC04FB1EFBA8" box="[1123,1220,1002,1027]" name="Pakistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) illustrated by this author (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FF04FBE0FDC8FB8C" author="Givens" box="[236,530,1038,1063]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens 1991, figs 4.3, 4.6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Numerous specimens collected in the Lakhra Dome provide a good ontogenetic series linking juveniles with the largest specimens, such as those figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FBC9FBDCFB1CFBE0" author="Givens" box="[1057,1222,1074,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FAEEFBDDFDAFFBC4" author="Cossmann" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro (1909, pl. 2, fig. 30, pl. 8, fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although they share a large protoconch, these juveniles display many differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FEB4FB92FE37FB38" box="[348,493,1146,1171]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FEB4FB92FE37FB38" box="[348,493,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L. sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the same size (H
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E42FFB9FD06FB95FC99FB38" box="[750,835,1147,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
), they exhibit a lower spire and a wider shape, their spiral sculpture is obsolete on the spire and missing on the last whorl, except on the base which bears some fine threads, and their shoulder spines are acute and better developed. Specimens of a larger size and very large specimens of around H
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E42FFB9FE77FB09FE37FB55" box="[415,493,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
have the same characters on their early teleoconch whorls, showing that they belong to the same species, which is described here below as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FCC7FAE4FB9AFA88" box="[815,1088,1290,1315]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vredenburgi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FCC7FAE4FB9AFA88" box="[815,1088,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Lyrischapa vredenburgi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E579F0E42FFB9FBA4FAE4FB76FA88" box="[1100,1196,1290,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FBA4FAE4FB76FA88" bold="true" box="[1100,1196,1290,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, they also demonstrate that the specimens attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FD7FFAC1FCF2FAEC" box="[663,808,1326,1351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FD7FFAC1FCF2FAEC" box="[663,808,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L. sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not correspond to the early stages of growth of the largest specimens often attributed to this species. Thus, the supplementary description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FB7FFABCFAE3FAC0" author="Givens" box="[1175,1337,1362,1387]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is still a composite description and the character “9–12 prominent spines on the shoulder” should be replaced by: “9–10 short, rounded spines on the shoulder”. By its biconical shape, by the configuration of the shoulder sinus and by its short, rounded shoulder spines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FDEFFA51FD49FA7C" box="[519,659,1470,1495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FDEFFA51FD49FA7C" box="[519,659,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FC23FA50FA46FA7C" authority="Douville, 1929" authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1929" box="[971,1436,1470,1495]" class="Gastropoda" genus="Diconomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FC23FA50FB0EFA7C" box="[971,1236,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Diconomorpha elegans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FB0EFA50FA4EFA7C" author="Douville" box="[1254,1428,1470,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Douville, H. (1929) Les couches a Cardita beaumonti dans le Sind. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (3), 27 - 73." type="journal article" year="1929">Douvillé, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E42FFB9FF75FA0DFF0AFA50" box="[157,208,1507,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FE89FA0CFD79FA50" authority="Wenz, 1943" authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1943" box="[353,675,1506,1531]" class="Gastropoda" genus="Diconomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FE89FA0CFDD1FA50" box="[353,523,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Diconomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FDFFFA0DFD79FA50" author="Wenz" box="[535,675,1507,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Wenz, W. (1943) Handbuch der Palaozoologie. Gastropoda. Teil 1.2, n ° 6, pp. 1201 - 1506." type="journal article" year="1943">Wenz, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FD25FA0CFBD7FA50" authority="Douville, 1929" authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1929" box="[717,1037,1506,1531]" class="Acantharia" family="Diploconidae" genus="Diploconus" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arthracanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FD25FA0CFC94FA50" box="[717,846,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Diploconus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FCB4FA0CFBD7FA50" author="Douville" box="[860,1037,1506,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Douville, H. (1929) Les couches a Cardita beaumonti dans le Sind. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (3), 27 - 73." type="journal article" year="1929">Douvillé, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, non Candèze (1860) by original designation] from the Danian of Sindh (Kadhro Formation). Although these Danian specimens do not display the superficial sculpture observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E42FFB9FDCDF9C2FD60F9E8" box="[549,698,1578,1603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyrischapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sismondai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FDCDF9C2FD60F9E8" box="[549,698,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">L. sismondai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because they are poorly preserved, they are so similar that, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FEC1F9A0FE17F9CC" author="Givens" box="[297,461,1614,1639]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Givens, C. R. (1991) Old world Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda: Volutidae) and biogeographic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 65, 661 - 670." type="journal article" year="1991">Givens (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, generic distinction seems unjustified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E42FFB9FF2FF99CFC01F904" blockId="11.[151,1437,678,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E42FFB9FF2FF99CFE61F920" bold="true" box="[199,443,1650,1675]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Hangu Formation: Hangu Shales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FCB9F99DFC12F920" author="Cox" box="[849,968,1651,1675]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox 1930</bibRefCitation>
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); Upper Bara Formation: Jamshoro (this paper); Lakhra Formation: Jhirak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E42FFB9FDF2F979FC15F904" author="Cossmann" box="[538,975,1686,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro 1909; this paper</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |