213 lines
21 KiB
XML
213 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="75EBEE8983C3ACEAE3950FB36D63DF73" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFCDFFCCFF47F388E06AF745" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Axis porcinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A2A73FD24ACC146F733D38A5A8C93E0C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="789561050004306C64E834222A567833">
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<mods:title id="D1136D589D82ED0B27AD759BC69C0716">Cervidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A967290CC37FA724592C24C37F8C60C1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="037E7872AB2242596708674CD39512AA">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5365E2C321E9059B2FB7777FF2C9899A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5BBF4C215362C8C4E8AEF7431FBE9267">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="79633CB54ADAEEC988DDD6883580429D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="12461BBD985C3A532202FB99CC3963B1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9DDD8405B6C611AC8EEC85F09F30882D">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="30C3E91CB9F361A8FAC384973836827A" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F061DFD87F579CA8534D7A923037E8C6">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="35AC98033C85D8D6C1783626A91818D7">
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<mods:placeTerm id="76247523296ADA261BBF60FC263173CC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="396F0F6747D9153A9E3F6BC8D1C8DAB3">
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<mods:title id="0566041F0CF36D293C52311E83AD5AAD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FF661A65BE07135834AD43BCA1B67879">
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<mods:extent id="57D579BF32BEEBD80B0E69B596FAFA65" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="7336D1E556A0FBDA8CE4BB448B1726EF">350</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="68748EF38CC75567B13F74412FFBD712">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9471BED04095FBDB4A802D7CAFC79FE6" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFCDFFCCFF47F388E06AF745" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFCDFFCCFF47F388E06AF745" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFCDFFCCFF47F388E06AF745" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFF47F388E6FEF394" box="[140,195,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFF47F388E6FEF394" blockId="8.[137,866,3135,3223]" box="[140,195,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFF47F388E6FEF394" box="[140,195,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFCDFFCCFF47F388E6FEF394" box="[140,195,3135,3181]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="8.[137,169,3395,3416]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="On followıng pages 16 Calamıan Deer (Axıs calamıanensıs) 17 Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 18 Persnun Fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamıca) 19 Sambar (Rusa unıoolon 20 Javan Deer (Rusa tlmoœnsls). 21 Phılıppıne Spotted Deer (Rusa alfredh 22 Phılıppıne Brown Deer (Husa manannal" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">14.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFF1FF388E79EF394" box="[212,419,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFF1FF388E79EF394" blockId="8.[137,866,3135,3223]" box="[212,419,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFF1FF388E79EF394" box="[212,419,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFF1FF388E79EF394" box="[212,419,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Hog Deer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFE1FF388E4EEF394" box="[468,723,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFE1FF388E4EEF394" blockId="8.[137,866,3135,3223]" box="[468,723,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFE1FF388E4EEF394" box="[468,723,3135,3181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCFE1FF388E4EEF394" ID-CoL="5VYXH" baseAuthorityName="Zimmermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[468,723,3135,3181]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFE1FF388E4EEF394" box="[468,723,3135,3181]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Axis porcinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFF41F3C8E55DF36D" box="[138,864,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFF41F3C8E55DF36D" blockId="8.[137,866,3135,3223]" box="[138,864,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFF41F3C8E55DF36D" box="[138,864,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFF41F3C8E6EAF36D" bold="true" box="[138,215,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFF14F3C8E765F36D" box="[223,344,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Cerf cochon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFEA6F3C8E7F5F36D" bold="true" box="[365,456,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFE19F3C8E453F36D" box="[466,622,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Schweinshirsch</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFD49F3C8E4E3F36D" bold="true" box="[642,734,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFD2DF3C8E55DF36D" box="[742,864,3199,3220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Axis porcino</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFF42F376E51CF31B" box="[137,801,3265,3298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFF42F376E51CF31B" blockId="8.[136,1101,3265,3307]" box="[137,801,3265,3298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFF42F376E719F31B" bold="true" box="[137,292,3265,3298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCFEF9F376E521F31B" authority="Zimmermann, 1780" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" box="[306,796,3265,3298]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Cervus porcinus Zimmermann, 1780</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFCE0F376EC16FEA2" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFCE0F376E271F31B" blockId="8.[136,1101,3265,3307]" box="[811,1100,3265,3298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFCDFFCCFCE0F376E271F31B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196346" box="[811,1100,3265,3298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFCDFFCCFCE0F376E5E8F31B" box="[811,981,3265,3298]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCFC25F376E203F31B" box="[1006,1086,3265,3298]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82EFEA0EC16FEA2" blockId="8.[2021,2607,279,701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Sometimes it iS put in a separate genus, Hyelaphus. Two subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF82EFED1EEDCFD1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFCDFFCCF82EFED1EEDCFD1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514425/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" targetBox="[1404,1997,284,700]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82EFED1EF49FE7A" blockId="8.[2021,2607,279,701]" box="[2021,2420,358,387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF82EFED1EF49FE7A" bold="true" box="[2021,2420,358,387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82EFE3EEE91FE00" blockId="8.[2021,2607,279,701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF82EFE3EEE91FE00" authority="Zimmermann, 1780" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" baseAuthorityName="Zimmermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="porcinus" subSpecies="porcinus">
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF82EFE3EEE91FE00" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">A.p.porcinusZimmermann,1780—Pakistan,NIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andMyanmar.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82EFDB0EFF6FD6F" blockId="8.[2021,2607,279,701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF82EFDB0EFAEFDD9" authority="Heude, 1888" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1888" box="[2021,2451,519,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="porcinus" subSpecies="annamiticus">A. p. annamiticus Heude, 1888</taxonomicName>
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— S
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF612FDB0EC13FDD9" box="[2521,2606,519,544]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFCDFFCCF838FD99EE5BFDBE" box="[2035,2150,558,583]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF749FD99EF3DFDBE" box="[2178,2304,558,583]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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(reintroduced), and
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF82DFDE1EE45FD96" box="[2022,2168,598,623]" name="Cambodia" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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; formerly also
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF690FDE1EFA7FD96" box="[2395,2458,598,623]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Laos</collectingCountry>
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and Vietnam but may be extinct there now.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82DFD2BEEDCFD1C" blockId="8.[2021,2607,279,701]" lastBlockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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Tt was introduced some centuries ago in
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCFAB5FD7BE038FD1C" box="[1406,1541,716,741]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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, and more recently into
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF894FD7BE1E0FD1C" box="[1887,2013,716,741]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF7E7FD7BEEE0FD1C" box="[2092,2269,716,741]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB5FD58EF7FFB94" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB5FD58EF7FFB94" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB5FD58E048FCF5" bold="true" box="[1406,1653,751,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 140-150 cm for males (adult bucks), and
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCDFFCCF6B9FD58EFEEFCF5" box="[2418,2515,751,780]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="cm" value="130.0">130 cm</quantity>
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for females (does), tail 17-21 cm, shoulder height 65-75 cm (bucks) and 55-65 cm (does); weight of bucks 40-55 kg (up to
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCDFFCCF88FFC8EE1B2FCA3" box="[1860,1935,825,858]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="kg" value="95.0">95 kg</quantity>
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) and of does 30-40 kg. Adult bucks are on average 35% heavier than does. Medium-sized, relatively short-legged deer; males have prominent pedicles and relatively short three-tined antlers. Face moderately short,tail relatively long. The coat is yellow-brown to dark brown in summer, grayish-brown in winter; underparts dark, tail brown dorsally, white underneath. Newborn fawns are normally spotted, but in
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF910FC49E156FBE6" box="[1755,1899,1022,1055]" name="Cambodia" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF87AFC49EE1AFBE6" box="[1969,2087,1022,1055]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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they lack spots. Some spots may persist in adults. Adult antlers are generally 30-45 cm long (up to
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCDFFCCF72AFB92EF05FBBF" box="[2273,2360,1061,1094]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="cm" value="61.0">61 cm</quantity>
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), with a brow tine and fork. Antler casting occurs mainly between November and April.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB5FBCBE071FB1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB5FBCBE071FB1D" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB5FBCBE3D0FB6C" bold="true" box="[1406,1517,1148,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland wet or moist tall grasslands, often associated with rivers: in South Asiaits original range fits with the Indo-Gangetic alluvial floodplain. It avoids closedcanopy forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB5FB5DE0F1FACA" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB5FB5DE0F1FACA" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB5FB5DE0BDFAF2" bold="true" box="[1406,1664,1258,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Primarily a grazer of young grasses, but also feeds on herbs, flowers, fruits, and young leaves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB5FA8FEC35F9BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB5FA8FEC35F9BC" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB5FA8FE03EFAA0" bold="true" box="[1406,1539,1336,1369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females reach puberty at 8=12 months. They are polyestrous, with an estrous cycle of 18-19 days. Males are physiologically mature at 14-16 months. Mating may occur throughout the year, with higher activity from July to November and a peak in September—October. Males search widely for receptive females and guard them temporarily. After a pregnancy of about 230 days, does give birth to a single fawn weighing 2-3 kg. Weaning occurs at six months of age. Maximum longevity in captivity is 21 years. Tigers (Panthera tigris), Leopards (P. pardus), and crocodiles are the main predators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB6F9E7EEFCF96D" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB6F9E7EEFCF96D" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB6F9E7E054F994" bold="true" box="[1405,1641,1616,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Active during early morning, early evening, and late evening hours. When under heavy hunting pressure, it becomes nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB4F92CEEAAF8A0" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB4F92CEEAAF8A0" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB4F92CEE7FF945" bold="true" box="[1407,2114,1691,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Males have home ranges of about 50-80 ha, females of about 40-60 ha. It is essentially a solitary species. Mean group sizes are normally 2-3 individuals. Males are often alone. Groups are mating pairs or small families, mother and fawn, or mother, fawn, and female yearling. Temporary aggregations of 20-80 individuals are seen in rich pastures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFAB4F8D4EE5EF794" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFAB4F8D4EE5EF794" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFAB4F8D4E0E1F879" bold="true" box="[1407,1756,1891,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Subspecies annamiticus CITES Annex I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Since the 1950s Hog Deer have undergone a dramatic decline due to habitat conversion (the Terai floodplains are among the most fertile lowlands of Asia) and direct persecution. By the mid-1980s it became extinct in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF623F862E382F7E4" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCFA1BF84BE02CF7E4" box="[1488,1553,2044,2077]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF997F84BE0EBF7E4" box="[1628,1750,2044,2077]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF8C0F84BE196F7E4" box="[1803,1963,2044,2077]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
and possibly in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF721F84BEF03F7E4" box="[2282,2366,2044,2077]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
a few dozens survived. More recently the Cambodian population collapsed. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF739F793EF5AF7BC" box="[2290,2407,2084,2117]" name="Pakistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF6B2F793EFFEF7BC" box="[2425,2499,2084,2117]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCF61EF793EC14F7BC" box="[2517,2601,2084,2117]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCDFFCCFA74F7FBE01AF794" box="[1471,1575,2124,2157]" name="Bhutan" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hog Deer are declining at a slowerrate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF7CCE06AF745" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF7CCE06AF745" blockId="8.[1405,2609,716,2236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF7CCE027F76D" bold="true" box="[1409,1562,2171,2196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Biswas (2004), Dhungel & O'Gara (1991), Moore & Mayze (1990), Odden & Wegge (2007), Odden et al. (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |