184 lines
18 KiB
XML
184 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="96685309C59C35E3FB34B8167F97A509" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E76DF804" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="352D2DD6EB7FBC81DD090A3AFAD2621A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="76BB5E2D6A8F3E0B364DDD3FB2FB9E58">Cervidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="288AEC44E5E95FF51FB0FCDF3C18AA76">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FCF35F5FD2A7AE3D6C0ED1266B4DD344" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3DB9B40F931B1E6FF09A8390613CAEC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B5BD1B5D843B49516665E2A0C31DF4B4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="195F28D7BEA18B904396E2ED6E424861">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E5AAC86C4E7A901FF896F3BDA84F3A2D">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="DC4854918CE6F387001A921930BF32BD" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="EDD8DE538082142AD6E38FD486570D4E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="256605AAE483B68B2DB2DE9B77B6845D">
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<mods:placeTerm id="D72FCF4F087402606194FFF0ECD764B2">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="40022B0719C02AA77AE169D4A989A7B5">
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<mods:title id="A0D8EF6C9606D7ED297200DFD8D7240C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4F28667F679610C1FC9FDED865E0250E">
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<mods:identifier id="CF449E6FC11D25A3E773F6C51541B5AD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6514377</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FADA2066F08DE58A52DBDDF87B7126BB" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E76DF804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514389" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E76DF804" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E76DF804" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E698FD8C" box="[136,165,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E698FD8C" blockId="2.[131,923,583,669]" box="[136,165,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E698FD8C" box="[136,165,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFC7FFC6FF43FDF0E698FD8C" box="[136,165,583,629]" captionStart="Plate 15: Cervidae" captionStartId="2.[137,168,3397,3418]" captionTargetBox="[13,2762,14,3634]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), 2. Bornean Yellow Muntjac (Muntiacus atherodes), 3. Reeves’s Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), 4. Giant Muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis), 5. Fea’s Muntjac (Muntiacus feae), 6. Gongshan Muntjac (Muntiacus gongshanensis), 7. Black Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), 8. Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), 9. Leat Mungac (Muntiacus putaoensis), 10. Puhoat Muntjac (Muntiacus puhoatensis), 11. Annamite Mungac (Muntiacus truongsonensis), 12. Roosevelts’ Muntjac (Muntiacus rooseveltorum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">1.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF7EFDF0E78EFD8C" box="[181,435,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF7EFDF0E78EFD8C" blockId="2.[131,923,583,669]" box="[181,435,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FF7EFDF0E78EFD8C" box="[181,435,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FF7EFDF0E78EFD8C" box="[181,435,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Tufted Deer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FE3CFDF0E5A6FD8C" box="[503,923,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FE3CFDF0E5A6FD8C" blockId="2.[131,923,583,669]" box="[503,923,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FE3CFDF0E5A6FD8C" box="[503,923,583,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FE3CFDF0E5A6FD8C" ID-CoL="38ZPX" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1872" box="[503,923,583,629]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Elaphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalophus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FE3CFDF0E5A6FD8C" box="[503,923,583,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Elaphodus cephalophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4EFD30E4CEFD65" box="[133,755,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4EFD30E4CEFD65" blockId="2.[131,923,583,669]" box="[133,755,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FF4EFD30E4CEFD65" box="[133,755,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4EFD30E6EFFD65" bold="true" box="[133,210,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FF10FD30E70BFD65" box="[219,310,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Elaphode</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FE81FD30E79BFD65" bold="true" box="[330,422,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FE64FD30E40DFD65" box="[431,560,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Schopfhirsch</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FD8EFD30E49DFD65" bold="true" box="[581,672,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FD61FD30E4CEFD65" box="[682,755,647,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Elafodo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FD27FD7AE587FCE8" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD27FD7AE587FCE8" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FD27FD7AE5B8FD13" bold="true" box="[748,901,717,746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FC50FD7AE588FCE8" ID-CoL="38ZPX" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1872" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Elaphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalophus">Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FC0EFD43E30FFCE8" box="[965,1330,756,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FC0EFD43E30FFCE8" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" box="[965,1330,756,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFC7FFC6FC0EFD43E30FFCE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196309" box="[965,1330,756,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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Moupin,
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFC7FFC6FB8EFD43E289FCE8" box="[1093,1204,756,785]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FB01FD43E319FCE8" box="[1226,1316,756,785]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FD26FCAFE559FC7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD26FCAFE559FC7E" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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Distinct genus closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FB01FCAFE525FC99" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muntiacus</taxonomicName>
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. Three subspecies are generally recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FD26FC25E312FBB5" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFC7FFC6FD26FC25E312FBB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514387/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" targetBox="[131,725,719,1136]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD26FC25E241FC56" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" box="[749,1148,914,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FD26FC25E241FC56" bold="true" box="[749,1148,914,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD27FC02E314FC04" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FD27FC02E314FC04" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1872" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Elaphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cephalophus" subSpecies="cephalophus">
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FD27FC02E314FC04" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">E.c.cephalophusMilne-Edwards,1872—SWChina;oldrecordsfromNMyanmar.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD26FBBFE30DFBDC" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" box="[749,1328,1032,1061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FD26FBBFE30DFBDC" authority="Lydekker, 1904" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1904" box="[749,1328,1032,1061]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Elaphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cephalophus" subSpecies="ichangensis">
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FD26FBBFE30DFBDC" box="[749,1328,1032,1061]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">E.c.ichangensisLydekker,1904—SChina.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD26FB98E312FBB5" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" box="[749,1327,1071,1100]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FD26FB98E2BBFBB5" authority="Swinhoe, 1874" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1874" box="[749,1158,1071,1100]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Elaphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cephalophus" subSpecies="michianus">E. c. michianus Swinhoe, 1874</taxonomicName>
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— SE
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FB1EFB98E316FBB5" box="[1237,1323,1071,1100]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FD26FBE5E261FA57" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FD26FBE5E261FA57" blockId="2.[748,1335,717,1139]" lastBlockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FD26FBE5E239FB8A" bold="true" box="[749,1028,1106,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 100-120 cm, tail 7-13 cm, shoulder height 50-70 cm; weight 17-30 kg. Relatively largesized muntiacine, with shortened head, short and thin pedicles, and diminutive unbranched antlers hidden by a distinct tuft of tall hair on the top of the head. Ears and tail are small. The coat is mainly dark brown, legs are black. White marks at the base and the tip of the ear. The underside of the tail is white. The fur is coarse. Frontal ridges are weak, large upper canines are present in both sexes. Frontal glands are absent, preorbital gland very large, metatarsal glands present but small. Newborn fawns have one or two rows of faint white spots. Antlers are not shed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4EFA03E765F9DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4EFA03E765F9DC" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4EFA03E6C9FA2C" bold="true" box="[133,244,1460,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Compared to the members of genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FCE8FA03E592FA2C" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[803,943,1460,1493]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muntiacus</taxonomicName>
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, it is adapted to cooler climates. It lives in high damp forests up to the tree line and close to water, up to
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFC7FFC6FB1BFA6BE308FA04" box="[1232,1333,1500,1533]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="4750.0">4750 m</quantity>
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above sea level.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4DF99CE5B7F9B5" box="[134,906,1579,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4DF99CE5B7F9B5" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" box="[134,906,1579,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4DF99CE7B7F9B5" bold="true" box="[134,394,1579,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Eats bamboo, forbs, fruit, and grass.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4DF9E5E7D6F93B" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4DF9E5E7D6F93B" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4DF9E5E736F98A" bold="true" box="[134,267,1618,1651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females sexually mature at about 10-12 months of age. Mating season is September-December. After about 180 days of pregnancy, in April-July, females give birth to one or two fawns.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4FF97FE507F910" box="[132,826,1736,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4FF97FE507F910" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" box="[132,826,1736,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4FF97FE752F910" bold="true" box="[132,367,1736,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Active mainly at dawn and dusk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4DF958E7F2F8A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4DF958E7F2F8A6" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4DF958E575F8E9" bold="true" box="[134,840,1775,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Observed alone or in pairs. When disturbed it flees with cat-like jumps with tail held up and wagging. It barks like a muntjac when alarmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4DF8D2E4EBF857" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4DF8D2E4EBF857" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4DF8D2E7DFF87F" bold="true" box="[134,482,1893,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List and it is decreasing. Overhunting is a major threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FF4CF80BE76DF804" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FF4CF80BE76DF804" blockId="2.[132,1335,1150,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FF4CF80BE71CF82C" bold="true" box="[135,289,1980,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Groves & Grubb (1990), Harris (2008a), Ohtaishi & Gao (1990), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Zhang Zejun et al. (2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |