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<mods:title id="79B03555506C9415E5E9ABA354AF93BA">Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a third species of Allothnonius Britton, 1978, and notes on the other known species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFF5BFE12489CFE1C" blockId="1.[151,482,474,501]" box="[151,482,474,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<heading id="D0624516FFD2FF8FFF5BFE12489CFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,482,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFF5BFE12489CFE1C" authority="Britton, 1978" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,482,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF5BFE12489CFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,482,474,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF5BFE12484BFE1D" bold="true" box="[151,309,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Allothnonius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF048F8BFFD2FF8FFEF1FE12489CFE1C" author="Britton, E. B." box="[317,482,474,500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref5308" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB85D554FFD2FF8FFF5BFDD74DB8FDDF" box="[151,1222,543,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFF5BFDD748AAFDDF" blockId="1.[151,1222,543,568]" box="[151,468,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitation id="0A34D46BFFD2FF8FFF5BFDD748AEFDDF" author="Britton, E. B." box="[151,464,543,567]" page="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFF5BFDD748AEFDDF" authority="Britton, 1978: 38" authorityName="Britton" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,464,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF5BFDD74867FDDF" box="[151,281,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Allothnonius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF048F8BFFD2FF8FFED3FDD748AEFDDF" author="Britton, E. B." box="[287,464,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref5308" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978: 38</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFE15FDE84DB8FDDF" blockId="1.[151,1222,543,568]" box="[473,1222,543,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<typeStatus id="542E4CD8FFD2FF8FFE15FDE84B75FDD0" box="[473,523,544,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFDA4FDD74AB5FDDF" authority="Britton, 1978" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[616,971,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brooksi">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFDA4FDD74A45FDDF" box="[616,827,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Allothnonius brooksi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF048F8BFFD2FF8FFC8DFDD74AB5FDDF" author="Britton, E. B." box="[833,971,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref5308" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFF5BFDAD4AE4FC0F" blockId="1.[151,1437,613,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF5BFDAD486CFD97" bold="true" box="[151,274,613,639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Labial palp with terminal palpomere about as long and wide as penultimate palpomere. Terminal maxillary palpomere slender, as long as the proximal 3 palpomeres together, upper side with a shallow, dull-surfaced depression. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club with 67 lamellae in male. Labrum convex, not protruding beyond face of the clypeus, with long setae. Clypeus with anterior face wide, ratio of greatest width to mid depth about 45:1, with numerous scattered setiferous punctures including some longer setae, upper surface broadly rounded, without an emargination. Surface of frons, pronotum, and scutellum either with long, pale-yellow, backwardly directly setae, sometimes interspersed with elongate, adpressed, white setae; or only with adpressed white setae. Elytra sometimes with a few, long setae close to the base, otherwise with minute, stout setae; lateral margin with fringe of longer, stout, brown setae. Pygidium with uniform but sparse clothing of short setae or adpressed, elongate, white scales. Thorax with long, fine setae beneath. Spurs of metatibia long (
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) and uniformly tapered to apex. Claws long and sharply curved, with a strong tooth beneath the base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFF0BFC3A4DD6FB90" blockId="1.[151,1437,613,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
In the most recent key to Australian Melolonthini
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFCCBFC3A4A04FBE3" box="[775,890,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D29313FFD2FF8FFCCBFC3A4A04FBE3" box="[775,890,1009,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF048F8BFFD2FF8FFC45FC394D37FBE3" author="Weir, T. A. &amp; Lawrence, J. F. &amp; Lemann, C. &amp; Gunter, N. L." box="[905,1097,1009,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1819" refId="ref5631" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. &amp; Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. &amp; Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
Weir
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFC06FC3A4D7AFBE3" box="[970,1028,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFB92FC394D93FBE3" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[1118,1261,1009,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFB92FC394D93FBE3" box="[1118,1261,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Allothnonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separates from
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFF5BFBDD48E2FBC7" authority="Olliff, 1891" authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,412,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Othnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF5BFBDD4872FBC7" box="[151,268,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Othnonius</emphasis>
Olliff, 1891
</taxonomicName>
at couplet 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFD81FBDD4BA2FBC7" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[589,732,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFD81FBDD4BA2FBC7" box="[589,732,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Allothnonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the metatibial spurs long and uniformly tapered (short, broad and flattened in
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFE5BFBF14B72FBBB" authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1891" box="[407,524,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Othnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFE5BFBF14B72FBBB" box="[407,524,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Othnonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and have at least a few broad or elongate, adpressed, white scales or flattened, adpressed setae on the anterior faces of the prefemora and/or protibiae (setose in
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFBEEFB954DE9FB9F" authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1891" box="[1058,1175,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Othnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFBEEFB954DE9FB9F" box="[1058,1175,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Othnonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C38FA1F1FFD2FF8FFF0BFB494AE7FA7F" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B2AF27AFFD2FF8FFF0BFB494AE7FA7F" blockId="1.[151,1437,613,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF0BFB49481FFB73" bold="true" box="[199,353,1153,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from northeastern
<collectingRegion id="49513C98FFD2FF8FFD7EFB494A48FB73" box="[690,822,1153,1179]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(Einsleigh Uplands and south of Townsville) and northwestern
<collectingRegion id="49513C98FFD2FF8FFEFCFB6D4880FB57" box="[304,510,1189,1215]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
in areas dominated by savannah vegetation (
<figureCitation id="13AEEEFFFFD2FF8FFC3EFB6D4D3BFB57" box="[1010,1093,1189,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1679,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1435,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 18. Known collection localities of Allothnonius spp. in northern Australia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6091692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6091692/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). The area south of Townsville where
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFF2FFB02482BFB0B" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[227,341,1225,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Allothnonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brooksi">
<emphasis id="B9E12E68FFD2FF8FFF2FFB02482BFB0B" box="[227,341,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">A. brooksi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs is the Burdekin Gap, an area of tropical savannah and the largest dryland biogeographical barrier on Australias east coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EF048F8BFFD2FF8FFDD8FB254A5FFAE0" author="Bryant, L. M. &amp; Krosch, M. N." box="[532,801,1261,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="238 - 264" refId="ref5362" refString="Bryant, L. M. &amp; Krosch, M. N. (2016) Lines in the land: a review of evidence for eastern Australia's major biogeographical barriers to closed forest taxa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 238 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12821" type="journal article" year="2016">Bryant &amp; Krosch 2016</bibRefCitation>
) it separates the Wet Tropics from the moist Central Mackay Coast. Given the predominance of this vegetation
<typeStatus id="542E4CD8FFD2FF8FFC8BFADA4A09FAC4" box="[839,887,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">type</typeStatus>
and the uniformity of climate
<typeStatus id="542E4CD8FFD2FF8FFB28FADA4C61FAC4" box="[1252,1311,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">types</typeStatus>
across the intervening area between the
<collectingRegion id="49513C98FFD2FF8FFE11FAFD4B1FFAA7" box="[477,609,1333,1359]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Queensland</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49513C98FFD2FF8FFD59FAFD4A1DFAA7" box="[661,867,1333,1359]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
distributions (
<figureCitation id="13AEEEFFFFD2FF8FFBC8FAFD4D2BFAA7" box="[1028,1109,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1679,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1435,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 18. Known collection localities of Allothnonius spp. in northern Australia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6091692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6091692/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), it would not be surprising if additional species were discovered. As with many other Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C9589F9FFD2FF8FFC49FA914D64FA9B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[901,1050,1369,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
, adults probably emerge only over a few days each year, and this has restricted collection opportunities.
</paragraph>
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