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<document id="11293DFAD1020048B29F0767E4E80833" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5363335" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363335" ID-ZooBank="67DA8444-6F26-4675-AE8C-D12B626DB2AB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630237948019" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Shahdadi, Adnan, Ng, Peter K. L. &amp; Schubart, Christoph D." docDate="2018" docId="E57E87B30409FFAB38A9286C92DE5612" docLanguage="en" docName="66rbz739-762.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A.5:RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Parasesarma peninsulare Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="35D30468-9AF9-422C-9E50-C3D5C2397342" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="760" masterDocId="1947FFCB0404FFBE3B312F4393355207" masterDocTitle="Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for a new species of Parasesarma De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Malay Peninsula, previously referred to as Parasesarma indiarum (Tweedie, 1940)" masterLastPageNumber="762" masterPageNumber="739" pageNumber="752" updateTime="1699194891411" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="79099637DB01F1D1AD279B5C0521A9F5">Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for a new species of Parasesarma De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Malay Peninsula, previously referred to as Parasesarma indiarum (Tweedie, 1940)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="30586E13BC3B0D5DA8E455DF46DD7E96">Shahdadi, Adnan</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260409FFB338A9286C97875541" ID-CoL="84G4F" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[920,1202,1838,1862]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB338A9286C97875541" bold="true" box="[920,1202,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="6D6836A50409FFB338C2280C97D05560" blockId="13.[920,1345,1838,1895]" box="[1011,1253,1871,1895]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">
(
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200409FFB338CA280C97695560" box="[1019,1116,1871,1895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, outer views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, neotype male (17.4 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0249); D, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); E, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); F, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363339/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200409FFB33F58280C97B95560" box="[1129,1164,1871,1895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[834,870,1146,1168]" captionTargetBox="[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, dorsal views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); D, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); E, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363341/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200409FFB33FA8280C97E85560" box="[1177,1245,1871,1895]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig 11" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig 13" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionStartId-1="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionStartId-2="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionStartId-3="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionStartId-4="20.[136,171,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox-0="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetBox-3="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetBox-4="[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId-2="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetId-4="figure-41@20.[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." captionText-1="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." captionText-3="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." captionText-4="Fig. 14. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, colour in life. A–D, male; E–F, female; specimens not collected. A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, D, G, front view; H, left chela, outer view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363365" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5363365/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">10–14</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="EC7610B40409FFB3381C28CD964255A4" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[813,1399,1933,1955]" page="66" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" year="1936">
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<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB3381C28CD90B455A4" box="[813,897,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Sesarma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB338A328CE972555A5" box="[914,1040,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Chiromantes</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB33F1328CE979D55A5" box="[1058,1192,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">bidens indica</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540409FFB33F8928CE964255A4" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[1208,1399,1933,1955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" pagination="44 - 70" refId="ref13108" refString="Tweedie MWF (1936) On the crabs of the family Grapsidae in the collection of the Raffles Museum. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 12: 44 - 70." type="journal article" year="1936">Tweedie, 1936: 66</bibRefCitation>
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. (not 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260409FFB3386328E997C755C7" ID-CoL="4WYYG" authority="De Man, 1902" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1902" box="[850,1266,1962,1984]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bidens" variety="indica">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB3386328E990D955B8" box="[850,1004,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Sesarma bidens</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB33F1328E9976B55B8" box="[1058,1118,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">indica</emphasis>
De 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540409FFB33FB628E997C755C7" author="Man JG De" box="[1159,1266,1962,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" pagination="467 - 929" refId="ref11893" refString="Man JG De (1902) Die von Herr Professor Kukenthal im Indischen Archipel gesammelten Dekapoden und Stomatopoden. In: Kukenthal W (ed.) Ergebnisse einer Zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25. Pp. 467 - 929." type="journal article" year="1902">Man, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="6D6836A50409FFB3381C288497AD55FD" blockId="13.[813,1453,1933,2070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4DC7118B0409FFB3381C288497AD55FD" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">
<treatmentCitation id="EC7610B40409FFB3381C288497D255DB" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[813,1255,1991,2013]" page="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260409FFB3381C288497D255DB" ID-CoL="84GGP" authority=": Tweedie, 1940: 93" authorityName=": Tweedie" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1940" box="[813,1255,1991,2013]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bidens" subSpecies="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB3381C2884971155DB" box="[813,1060,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Sesarma bidens indiarum</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540409FFB33F03288497D255DB" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[1074,1255,1991,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" pagination="88 - 113" refId="ref13140" refString="Tweedie MWF (1940) New and interesting species of Sesarma and Utica (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 16: 88 - 113." type="journal article" year="1940">Tweedie, 1940: 93</bibRefCitation>
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(part) (not 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260409FFB33E6B288497B855FD" ID-CoL="84GGP" authority="Tweedie, 1940" authorityName=": Tweedie" authorityYear="1940" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bidens" subSpecies="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB33E6B288490C455FE" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Sesarma bidens indiarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540409FFB338C828A797B855FD" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[1017,1165,2020,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" pagination="88 - 113" refId="ref13140" refString="Tweedie MWF (1940) New and interesting species of Sesarma and Utica (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 16: 88 - 113." type="journal article" year="1940">Tweedie, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4DC7118B0409FFB3381C274396295A11" box="[813,1308,2048,2070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">
<treatmentCitation id="EC7610B40409FFB3381C274397D55A11" author="Tan CGS &amp; Ng PKL" box="[813,1248,2048,2070]" page="82" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260409FFB3381C274397D55A11" authority=": Tan &amp; Ng, 1994: 82" authorityName="Tan &amp; Ng" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1994" box="[813,1248,2048,2070]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70409FFB3381C2743973D5A12" box="[813,1032,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="752">Chiromantes indiarum</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540409FFB33F26274297D55A11" author="Tan CGS &amp; Ng PKL" box="[1047,1248,2049,2070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="752" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref12957" refString="Tan CGS &amp; Ng PKL (1994) An annotated checklist of mangrove brachyuran crabs from Malaysia and Singapore. Hydrobiologia, 285: 75 - 84." type="journal article" year="1994">Tan &amp; Ng, 1994: 82</bibRefCitation>
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(list).
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<caption id="39A8662D040AFFB03BB6288D927D5A3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363355/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="753" startId="14.[135,170,1998,2020]" targetBox="[135,1473,197,1983]" targetPageId="14">
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Fig. 9. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D26040AFFB03BE0288C928455E4" ID-CoL="4DBYT" authorityName=": Shahdadi &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2017" box="[209,433,1998,2020]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="753" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040AFFB03BE0288C928455E4" box="[209,433,1998,2020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="753">Parasesarma indiarum</emphasis>
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. A–E, male (13.5 × 10.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0737); F, G, male (13.1 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.0737); H, I, ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0737). A, carapace, front view; B, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; C, chelae dactylar tubercles; D, left chela, outer view; E, left chelar pectinated crests; F, left G1, ventral view; G, denuded left G1, apical part, ventral view; H, pleon; I, vulvae.
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<taxonomicName id="AAD74D26040BFFB13B402FFD92CC52D5" ID-CoL="4F44S" authority=": Boon et al., 2008" authorityName="Boon" authorityYear="2008" box="[113,505,189,211]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Perisesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13B402FFD927D52D5" box="[113,328,189,211]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Perisesarma indiarum</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B54040BFFB13A622FFD92CC52D5" author="Boon PY &amp; Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA" box="[339,505,189,211]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="480 - 484" refId="ref10620" refString="Boon PY, Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA (2008) Feeding ecology of two species of Perisesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) in Mandai mangroves, Singapore. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 28: 480 - 484." type="journal article" year="2008">Boon et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B54040BFFB139332FFD918652D5" author="Huang H &amp; Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ" box="[514,691,189,211]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="361 - 371" refId="ref11432" refString="Huang H, Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ (2008) Inter- and intraspecific variations in the facial colours of mangrove Perisesarma crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Hydrobiologia, 598: 361 - 371." type="journal article" year="2008">Huang et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B54040BFFB1398D2FFD923152E8" author="Boon PY &amp; Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref10664" refString="Boon PY, Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA (2009) Sound production and reception in mangrove crabs Perisesarma spp. (Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Aquatic Biology, 5: 107 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">Boon et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="EC7610B4040BFFB13A3F2F9892E552F7" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[270,464,218,240]" page="225" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="09464B54040BFFB13A3F2F9892E552F7" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[270,464,218,240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref12162" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al., 2008: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 162 (not 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D26040BFFB139692F9992BE530A" ID-CoL="84GGP" authority="Tweedie, 1940" authorityName=": Tweedie" authorityYear="1940" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bidens" subSpecies="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB139692F9993DA530B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Sesarma bidens indiarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="09464B54040BFFB13BC62FB492BE530A" author="Tweedie MWF" box="[247,395,247,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="88 - 113" refId="ref13140" refString="Tweedie MWF (1940) New and interesting species of Sesarma and Utica (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 16: 88 - 113." type="journal article" year="1940">Tweedie, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E040BFFB13B402E7691F2502A" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB13B402E76915653AA" blockId="15.[112,752,309,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13B402E769261534A" bold="true" box="[113,340,309,333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="DDBF3CF8040BFFB13A6F2E7691DD538A" collectingDate="2000-07-25" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="C. D. Schubart &amp; N. Sivasothi" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" specimenCode="ZRC 2017.1075" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB13A6F2E7692F3534A" box="[350,454,309,333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="7BD1FD2C040BFFB13AE22E76912A534A" box="[467,543,309,333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(25.5 × 
<quantity id="AA2F9B40040BFFB139B52E7691DD534A" box="[644,744,309,333]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" unit="mm" value="22.2">22.2 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="3D719EDE040BFFB13B492E16921C536A" box="[120,297,341,365]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">ZRC 2017.1075</specimenCode>
), Mandai mangroves, 
<collectingCountry id="15C07635040BFFB139202E1691B5536A" box="[529,640,341,365]" name="Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="C0225373040BFFB1398C2E1693FA538A" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">C.D. Schubart</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="C0225373040BFFB13BC02E35924D538A" box="[241,376,373,397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">N. Sivasothi</collectorName>
, 
<date id="19691065040BFFB13AB22E369138538A" box="[387,525,373,397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" value="2000-07-25">
<collectingDate id="092DE98D040BFFB13AB22E369138538A" box="[387,525,373,397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" value="2000-07-25">25 July 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
(= S 
<quantity id="AA2F9B40040BFFB139702E3691B3538A" box="[577,646,373,397]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4036" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" unit="in" value="134.0">134 in</quantity>
<tableCitation id="2055031E040BFFB139BC2E3691E8538A" box="[653,733,373,397]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[136,191,189,211]" captionText="Table 1. Species and specimens of Parasesarma examined in this study, with specimen code, size (carapace width × carapace length in millimetres), sex (M= male, F=female), locality, catalogue number (for the museum abbreviations see Material and Methods) and GenBank accession number (Cox1)." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB13B402ED593E853A9" box="[113,221,406,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="7BD1FD2C040BFFB13BD82ED6924B53AA" box="[233,382,405,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
, as listed in 
<tableCitation id="2055031E040BFFB1393B2ED6916853AA" box="[522,605,405,429]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[136,191,189,211]" captionText="Table 1. Species and specimens of Parasesarma examined in this study, with specimen code, size (carapace width × carapace length in millimetres), sex (M= male, F=female), locality, catalogue number (for the museum abbreviations see Material and Methods) and GenBank accession number (Cox1)." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB13B402E9691F2502A" blockId="15.[112,752,469,557]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13B402E9692AC53EA" bold="true" box="[113,409,469,493]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D26040BFFB13A972E95919453EA" baseAuthorityName="Rahayu &amp; Davie" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[422,673,469,493]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13A972E95919453EA" box="[422,673,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Parasesarma foresti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="0BC6AE60040BFFB139872E9691DA53EA" box="[694,751,469,493]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">ZRC</collectionCode>
2003.0481, 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB13BDF2EB5927F5009" box="[238,330,502,526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male); 
<materialsCitation id="DDBF3CF8040BFFB13AA62EB591F6502A" location="QM" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Qom" typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D26040BFFB13AA62EB592C1500A" baseAuthorityName="Campbell" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[407,500,502,525]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messa">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13AA62EB592C1500A" box="[407,500,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">P. messa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="AF13F847040BFFB139332EB69104500A" box="[514,561,501,525]" country="Iran" name="Qom" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">QM</collectingRegion>
, W2446, 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB139A52EB591C55009" box="[660,752,502,526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male) (see 
<tableCitation id="2055031E040BFFB13BD82D56920E502A" box="[233,315,533,557]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[136,191,189,211]" captionText="Table 1. Species and specimens of Parasesarma examined in this study, with specimen code, size (carapace width × carapace length in millimetres), sex (M= male, F=female), locality, catalogue number (for the museum abbreviations see Material and Methods) and GenBank accession number (Cox1)." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Table 1</tableCitation>
and Material and Methods section)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E040BFFB13B402D16917A566A" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB13B402D16917A566A" blockId="15.[112,753,597,1133]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13B402D1693DC506A" bold="true" box="[113,233,597,621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium-size species (up to 
<quantity id="AA2F9B40040BFFB139072D1691B3506A" box="[566,646,597,621]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
carapace width); carapace subrectangular, slightly broader than long. Front moderately deflexed, with broad, relatively deep, median concavity, postfrontal lobes prominent, median lobes broader than lateral ones, separated by deep median furrow; dorsal carapace regions well indicated, anterolateral margin with sharp exorbital angle and well-developed epibranchial tooth. Chelipeds homochelous; large in males, upper surface of palm with 2 transverse pectinated crests, dorsal surface of dactylus with 10–12 low, distinct, transversely very broad tubercles with distinct transverse sulcus. Ambulatory legs relatively short, broad. Male pleon triangular with telson slightly longer than basal width. G1 relatively long, straight, apical corneous process long, bent at angle of about 54° to longitudinal axis, arched in cross section, aperture subterminal. Female pleon broadly rounded, vulva in anterior edge of sternite 6, with operculum rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E040BFFAC3B402BD6968E5468" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="757" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="description">
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB13B402BD69293552A" blockId="15.[111,754,1173,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB7040BFFB13B402BD6923556AA" bold="true" box="[113,256,1173,1197]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Description.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized sesarmid (up to 
<quantity id="AA2F9B40040BFFB139E42BD693AE56CA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
maximum carapace width, SMF 50745), carapace subrectangular, slightly broader than long, greatest width between exorbital angles (cw/cl 1.17 ± 0.03, N=20). Dorsal carapace surface smooth, shining, punctate, with numerous short, transverse to slightly oblique crests edged with rows of short setae, sometimes forming low tufts. Front 0.58 ± 0.01 times carapace width (N=20), moderately deflexed, with broad, relatively deep, median concavity (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB1390F2AD6919157AA" box="[574,676,1429,1453]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Postfrontal lobes prominent, median lobes broader than lateral ones, separated by deep furrow (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13A8C2A96910C57EA" box="[445,569,1493,1517]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal carapace regions clearly indicated; gastric region most distinct; cardiac region separated from intestinal region, lateral branchial ridges prominent, upper orbital border smooth, lower orbital border finely granulate, anterolateral margin with sharp exorbital angle, well-developed epibranchial tooth (carapace width between epibranchial teeth slightly less than width between exorbital angles); no indication of second epibranchial tooth, lateral margin slightly concave, lined with row of short setae. Eyes pigmented, cornea as wide as eyestalk (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13A05285692AF552A" box="[308,410,1813,1837]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB13B402816969957B2" blockId="15.[111,754,1877,2094]" lastBlockId="15.[811,1453,189,1462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
Chelipeds homochelous (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13AB3281692E8556A" box="[386,477,1877,1901]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13AD82816912F556A" box="[489,538,1877,1901]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11A</figureCitation>
). Chela large (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB1398B281693BA558A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13BAF283693FA558A" box="[158,207,1909,1933]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13BEF2836921A558A" box="[222,303,1909,1933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[136,171,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-41@20.[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, colour in life. A–D, male; E–F, female; specimens not collected. A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, D, G, front view; H, left chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363365/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">14A–D</figureCitation>
) (ratio of palm length/carapace width = 0.65 ± 0.13, N=20), adult males have a higher ratio of palm length/carapace width (e.g., 0.70 ± 0.13, N= 
<specimenCount id="7BD1FD2C040BFFB1395428F691FC55CA" box="[613,713,1973,1997]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
) in comparison to females (e.g., 0.55 ± 0.05, N= 
<specimenCount id="7BD1FD2C040BFFB1390F289591A955EA" box="[574,668,2005,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="female">7 female</specimenCount>
); chelae relatively robust (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13A0028B692BA5A0A" box="[305,399,2037,2061]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
) (width = 0.53 ± 0.04 × length, N=19, range 0.45–0.60). Merus with granulate dorsal border, distinct subdistal spine, proximal third decorated with long setae; ventral border granulate; anterior border granulate, with distinct subdistal spine; inner face smooth with 2 longitudinal rows of setae, ventral row more prominent, continuous, with longer setae, dorsal row interrupted, setae extending to dorsal border; anterior face also smooth, outer face with transverse lines of fine granules and scattered small chitinous spines. In males, upper surface of palm with 2 transverse pectinate crests (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB138D02EFE977453D2" box="[993,1089,445,469]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
), distal (primary) crest composed of 13–22 tall, broad teeth (19 on chela of 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB13E382E9E965D53F2" box="[1289,1384,477,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13EB02E9E906B5012" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
); secondary crest well-developed with 7–17 teeth (11 and 12 on chelae of 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB13F322D5E97505032" box="[1027,1125,541,565]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); both crests terminate at inner end in short swollen, tubercular ridge, with several blunt granules at outer end; in some specimens a row of coarse granules proximal to second crest, scattered fine setae distal to primary crest; upper margin of palm with granules; outer surface of palm without setae, coarsely granular except for smooth, punctate fixed finger, no indication of median longitudinal ridge (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB138C82DBE97625112" box="[1017,1111,765,789]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
); inner surface of palm coarsely granular except area facing carpus; ventral border of chelae sinuous, with rows of fine granules on proximal half, length of cutting margin of fixed finger 0.41 ± 0.02 times length of entire propodus (N=20). Dactylus 0.60 ± 0.02 times propodus length, gently arched downwards and moderately curved inwards distally (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB138D72CFE977351D2" box="[998,1094,957,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, outer views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, neotype male (17.4 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0249); D, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); E, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); F, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13F632CFE974151D2" box="[1106,1140,957,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[834,870,1146,1168]" captionTargetBox="[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, dorsal views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); D, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); E, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363341/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13FB12CFE97FF51D2" box="[1152,1226,957,981]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11E, F</figureCitation>
), dorsal surface with 10–12 low, transversely broadened tubercles, in males all tubercles distinct to tip (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13F1D2CBE97BE5612" box="[1068,1163,1021,1045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, outer views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, neotype male (17.4 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0249); D, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); E, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); F, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13FA42CBE978D5612" box="[1173,1208,1021,1045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[834,870,1146,1168]" captionTargetBox="[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, dorsal views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); D, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); E, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363341/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13FF32CBE963E5612" box="[1218,1291,1021,1045]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11E, F</figureCitation>
), each tubercle elongated transversely, with transverse distinct keel, followed by a shallow sulcus (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13F2C2B7E97B75652" box="[1053,1154,1085,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[834,870,1146,1168]" captionTargetBox="[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, dorsal views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); D, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); E, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363341/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13FA12B7E97F75652" box="[1168,1218,1085,1109]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11H</figureCitation>
), tubercles with fine longitudinal lines; except for 1 or 2 proximal tubercle(s), remaining ones slightly asymmetric, distal slope longer than proximal one; dactylar tubercles in females (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13E2C2BDE969756B2" box="[1309,1442,1181,1205]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 13D, E</figureCitation>
) (not clearly differentiated in juvenile males): low, rounded to slightly oval tubercles with or without indistinct keel and sulci; additional row of about 11–17 rounded tubercles on proximal two thirds of inner edge of dorsal surface of dactyli in both sexes. Tips of fingers chitinous, crossing when closed, adult males with a narrow gap when fingers closed; cutting edge of both fingers with a series of variably sized teeth and groups of long setae at inner side (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13E702ADE96AA57B2" box="[1345,1439,1437,1461]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB1381C2A9E96B754B2" blockId="15.[813,1452,1501,1717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
Ambulatory legs (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB138CF2A9E976757F2" box="[1022,1106,1501,1525]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) relatively short, broad; third pair longest, total length ca. 1.7 times carapace width in 
<typeStatus id="B26C8807040BFFB1381C295E90B85432" box="[813,909,1565,1589]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, meri with anterior margin crenulated, dorsal faces with transverse lines of fine granules (except for the fourth pair), third pair with merus 2.23 ± 0.17 times as long as wide (N=19), propodus 3.20 ± 0.37 times as long as wide, dactylus 0.73 ± 0.05 times length of propodus (N=17).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB1381C299E96B15592" blockId="15.[811,1451,1757,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
Male pleon (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB1388A299E971F54F2" box="[955,1066,1757,1781]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[136,1474,331,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figs. 10B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13F09299E975054F2" box="[1080,1125,1757,1781]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">11C</figureCitation>
) triangular; telson as long as basal width, almost pentagonal, slightly longer than somite 6 (=1.14 ± 0.08 times length of somite 6, N=13); somite 6 longer than others, ca. 2.04 ± 0.13 times wider than long; somites 4 and 5 trapezoidal; somite 3 widest, laterally convex; somite 2 medially longer than lateral edges (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13E22283E964D5592" box="[1299,1400,1917,1941]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[113,1451,277,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 11. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A5040BFFB1381C28FE969E5A32" blockId="15.[811,1451,1981,2101]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
G1 (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB1385328FE908D55D2" box="[866,952,1981,2005]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) relatively long, straight (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13FC028FE966B55D2" box="[1265,1374,1981,2005]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
); stem triangular, with blunt angles in cross section; apical corneous process long, bent at an angle of about 54° to longitudinal axis (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A20040BFFB13856275E90FD5A32" box="[871,968,2077,2101]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
), arched in cross section, aperture positioned
</paragraph>
<caption id="39A8662D0414FFAE3BB628DF96F655B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363357" box="[135,1475,1948,1970]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363357/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="755" startId="16.[135,170,1948,1970]" targetBox="[147,1458,359,1920]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50414FFAE3BB628DF96F655B5" blockId="16.[135,1475,1948,1970]" box="[135,1475,1948,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="755">
Fig. 10. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260414FFAE3BEB28DE92E755B6" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[218,466,1948,1970]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="755" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70414FFAE3BEB28DE92E755B6" box="[218,466,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="755">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0414FFAE3AE828DE916555B5" box="[473,592,1948,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="755" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="39A8662D0415FFAF3B4028DA92DD55EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363359/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="756" startId="17.[113,145,1945,1967]" targetBox="[113,1451,277,1929]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50415FFAF3B4028DA92DD55EE" blockId="17.[113,1451,1945,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="756">
Fig 11. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260415FFAF3B8E28D9928C55A9" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[191,441,1945,1967]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70415FFAF3B8E28D9928C55A9" box="[191,441,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="756">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0415FFAF3AF028D9910F55A8" box="[449,570,1945,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="756" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075). A, front view; B, third maxillipeds and branchial region; C, pleon; D, pleonal somites 1–3; E, right chela, dorsal view; F, right chela, outer view; G, distal pectinated crest; H, proximal chelae dactylar tubercles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC39072F379726528B" blockId="18.[566,1043,116,140]" box="[566,1043,116,140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC39072F3790E0528C" box="[566,981,116,140]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY</emphasis>
2018
</paragraph>
<caption id="39A8662D0416FFAC3BA12A2F96F05798" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" startId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" targetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC3BA12A2F96F05798" blockId="18.[144,1477,1388,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
Fig. 12. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260416FFAC3BD72A2E92EA5786" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[230,479,1388,1410]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC3BD72A2E92EA5786" box="[230,479,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0416FFAC3AD42A2E91685785" box="[485,605,1388,1410]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC3BB92A9591895468" blockId="18.[135,774,1494,1647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
subterminal-dorsally (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC3A422A9592E357E8" box="[371,470,1494,1519]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). Scattered short setae along most of gonopod, apical end covered by longer setae, almost completely covering corneous tip; two kinds of setae recognisable, long simple setae, and some plumose setae restricted to outer side of subapical part (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC397B291591855468" box="[586,688,1622,1647]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,179,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-156@18.[136,1474,191,1373]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, male (25.9 × 22.1 mm) (SMF 50745), G1 morphology. A, denuded right G1, dorsal view; B, right G1, apical part; C, front view of apical part of G1 and aperture; D, left G1 with setae (arrows pointing to aperture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363361/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC3BB929D592865A08" blockId="18.[135,776,1686,2063]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
Female (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC3BDC29D5927B54A8" box="[237,334,1686,1711]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
Figs. 
<geoCoordinate id="08E350620416FFAC3A0129D4927B54A8" box="[304,334,1687,1711]" degrees="13, 14" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" precision="555" value="13.14">13</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC3A6F29D4929854A8" box="[350,429,1687,1711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[136,171,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-41@20.[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, colour in life. A–D, male; E–F, female; specimens not collected. A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, D, G, front view; H, left chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363365/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">14E–H</figureCitation>
) with proportionately smaller chelipeds; distal dactylar pectinate crest well developed, prominent as in male, but proximal crest reduced to row of granules; dactylar tubercles well-developed, round, distinct to tip (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC3BE1285592665528" box="[208,339,1814,1839]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 13D, E</figureCitation>
). Pleon broad, rounded, or even laterally slightly ovate, broadest at somite 4, fringed with long setae. In adults, pleon touches coxae of ambulatory legs, telson ca. 1.23 ± 0.09 (N=6) times wider than long, inserted into somite 6 more than half of its length (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC391F28D591A755A8" box="[558,658,1942,1967]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Vulva in depression on anterior edge of sternite 6, touching posterior margin of sternite 5; operculum rounded, positioned anterior to the gonopore (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC3A7228B592935A08" box="[323,422,2038,2063]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[113,1452,341,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 13. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC38722A95968E5468" blockId="18.[835,1475,1494,1647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC38722A9590A957E9" bold="true" box="[835,924,1494,1518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Colour.</emphasis>
Carapace dark, partly scattered with blue spots, chelae dark brownish-red externally, except for the distal half of fingers which are bright red, internal side yellow to orange (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200416FFAC38AF297590DB5448" box="[926,1006,1590,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[136,171,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-41@20.[134,1474,339,1898]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Parasesarma peninsulare new species, colour in life. A–D, male; E–F, female; specimens not collected. A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, D, G, front view; H, left chela, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363365/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) (also see 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540416FFAC3F5A297496655449" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[1131,1360,1590,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref12162" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al., 2008: 225</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 162). Facial bands often blue or green (see 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540416FFAC3FD12914969A5468" author="Huang H &amp; Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ" box="[1248,1455,1622,1647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" pagination="361 - 371" refId="ref11432" refString="Huang H, Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ (2008) Inter- and intraspecific variations in the facial colours of mangrove Perisesarma crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Hydrobiologia, 598: 361 - 371." type="journal article" year="2008">Huang et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E0416FFAC387229D4978654C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC387229D4978654C9" blockId="18.[835,1474,1686,1742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC387229D490F054A8" bold="true" box="[835,965,1687,1711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after its known area of distribution, the Malay Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E0416FFAB387229B592985312" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="760" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAC387229B597655589" blockId="18.[835,1474,1782,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC387229B590E85509" bold="true" box="[835,989,1782,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Distribution.</emphasis>
Based on present material, so far known from both coasts of the Malay Peninsula, including the western coast to Thap Lamu, eastern side 
<collectingRegion id="AF13F8470416FFAC3E3A287596B75549" box="[1291,1410,1846,1870]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Chumphon</collectingRegion>
(both 
<collectingCountry id="15C076350416FFAC38742815909D5569" box="[837,936,1878,1902]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Thailand</collectingCountry>
), southward to 
<collectingCountry id="15C076350416FFAC3F7C2815978C5569" box="[1101,1209,1878,1902]" name="Singapore" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and Batam Island (
<collectingRegion id="AF13F8470416FFAC3EBF281596F75569" box="[1422,1474,1878,1902]" country="Indonesia" name="Riau" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Riau</collectingRegion>
Archipelago, 
<collectingCountry id="15C076350416FFAC38E9283597705589" box="[984,1093,1910,1934]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D6836A50416FFAB387228F592985312" blockId="18.[834,1474,1974,2095]" lastBlockId="21.[113,752,189,277]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="760" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC387228F5909455C9" bold="true" box="[835,929,1974,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">Habitat.</emphasis>
In its distribution range, 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260416FFAC3F9528F4960855C9" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[1188,1341,1974,1998]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC3F9528F4960855C9" box="[1188,1341,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">P. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0416FFAC3E7528F496F755C9" box="[1348,1474,1974,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a relatively common species in mangroves swamps and can sometimes be found in good numbers, occasionally in partial sympatry with 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260416FFAC3F70275497F55A29" authorityName=": Shahdadi &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2017" box="[1089,1216,2070,2094]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="757" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eumolpe">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70416FFAC3F70275497F55A29" box="[1089,1216,2070,2094]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="757">P. eumolpe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on muddy substrates. They are active burrowers, with burrow mouths often found within the aerial root systems of mangrove tree (
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540411FFAB39BA2F9E93E15312" author="Huang H &amp; Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" pagination="361 - 371" refId="ref11432" refString="Huang H, Todd PA &amp; Yeo DCJ (2008) Inter- and intraspecific variations in the facial colours of mangrove Perisesarma crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Hydrobiologia, 598: 361 - 371." type="journal article" year="2008">Huang et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="09464B540411FFAB3BD12FBD92975312" author="Boon PY &amp; Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA" box="[224,418,253,277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref10664" refString="Boon PY, Yeo DCJ &amp; Todd PA (2009) Sound production and reception in mangrove crabs Perisesarma spp. (Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Aquatic Biology, 5: 107 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">Boon et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="39A8662D0417FFAD3B40283991B255AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363363/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="758" startId="19.[113,145,1914,1936]" targetBox="[113,1452,372,1898]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50417FFAD3B40283991B255AB" blockId="19.[113,1451,1914,1964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="758">
Fig 13. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260417FFAD3B8E2839928D5588" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[191,440,1914,1935]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="758" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70417FFAD3B8E2839928D5588" box="[191,440,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="758">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0417FFAD3A8F283991035597" box="[446,566,1914,1936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="758" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, female (23.3 × 20.2 mm) (SMF 50744). A, dorsal habitus; B, pleon; C, vulvae; D, right chela, dorsal view; E, right chela, outer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="39A8662D0410FFAA3BB92839903D55AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5363365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363365/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="759" startId="20.[136,171,1914,1936]" targetBox="[134,1474,339,1898]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50410FFAA3BB92839903D55AB" blockId="20.[136,1475,1914,1964]" pageId="20" pageNumber="759">
Fig. 14. 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260410FFAA3BED283992E15588" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[220,468,1914,1935]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="759" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70410FFAA3BED283992E15588" box="[220,468,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="759">Parasesarma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0410FFAA3AEA283991675597" box="[475,594,1914,1936]" pageId="20" pageNumber="759" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, colour in life. A–D, male; E–F, female; specimens not collected. A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, D, G, front view; H, left chela, outer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="25CD652E0411FFAB3B402E7E92DE5612" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6D6836A50411FFAB3B402E7E92DE5612" blockId="21.[112,754,317,1045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3B402E7E93D55352" bold="true" box="[113,224,317,341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">Remarks.</emphasis>
As discussed earlier (see Results and Discussion), this species resembles four other phylogenetically related species (
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3BFE2E3D92075392" baseAuthorityName="Rahayu &amp; Davie" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[207,306,381,405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3BFE2E3D92075392" box="[207,306,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. foresti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3A702E3D928F5392" authorityName=": Shahdadi &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,442,381,405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eumolpe">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3A702E3D928F5392" box="[321,442,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. eumolpe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3AF82E3D917F5392" box="[457,586,381,405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Perisesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3AF82E3D917F5392" box="[457,586,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. indiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB39B92E3D91D25392" baseAuthorityName="Campbell" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[648,743,382,405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messa">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB39B92E3D91D25392" box="[648,743,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. messa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in its general morphology. The tuberculation pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3B402EFD93D953D2" authorityName=": Shahdadi &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2017" box="[113,236,445,469]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eumolpe">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3B402EFD93D953D2" box="[113,236,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. eumolpe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, is markedly different from the new species in having in total 19–26 tubercles, while it is about 
<quantity id="AA2F9B400411FFAB3B422EBE93E75012" box="[115,210,509,533]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 in</quantity>
the new species. It can be difficult to discriminate females and juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3A492D5D91265032" authority="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart, 2018" authorityName="Shahdadi &amp; Ng &amp; Schubart" authorityYear="2018" box="[376,531,541,565]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3A492D5D91265032" box="[376,531,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449057CC0411FFAB392B2D5D91AC5032" box="[538,665,541,565]" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB39E92D5D93805052" baseAuthorityName="Rahayu &amp; Davie" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB39E92D5D93805052" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. foresti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3BF32D7D92775052" box="[194,322,573,597]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Perisesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiarum">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3BF32D7D92775052" box="[194,322,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. indiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="AAD74D260411FFAB3A4A2D7D92EC5052" baseAuthorityName="Campbell" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[379,473,574,597]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="760" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messa">
<emphasis id="5FA3EAB70411FFAB3A4A2D7D92EC5052" box="[379,473,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">P. messa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and for these species, the vulvae and G1 are not morphologically sufficiently different to separate them with any reliability. All have relatively rounded low chelar dactylar tubercles, but the morphology of these tubercles in adult males easily distinguishes the new species from all others (i.e., the tubercles of the new species are considerably more elongated transversely, with a distinct transverse keel followed by a shallow transverse sulcus, while no indication of such sulci is present in the other three species) (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200411FFAB3A642C1E92965172" box="[341,419,861,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[113,1451,189,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, outer views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, neotype male (17.4 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0249); D, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); E, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); F, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363339/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200411FFAB3A812C1E928A5172" box="[432,447,861,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[834,870,1146,1168]" captionTargetBox="[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[834,1475,189,1131]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparisons of male chelar dactylus and tuberculation patterns, dorsal views. A, Parasesarma peninsulare new species, holotype male (25.5 × 22.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1075); B, P. indiarum, paralectotype male (22.8 × 19.4 mm) (RMNH. CRUS. D.19); C, P. eumolpe, male (24.3 × 20.7 mm) (SMF 49922); D, P. foresti, paratype male (16.6 × 14.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0481); E, P. messa, paratype male (18.6 × 16.0 mm) (QM-W2452)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363341/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">3</figureCitation>
). The genetic data confirms the monophyly of the analysed specimens of the new species and its divergence as separate taxon (
<figureCitation id="F5EC2A200411FFAB3AC72CDE917C51B2" box="[502,585,925,949]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[135,170,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,189,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[139,1476,179,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. A, phylogenetic consensus trees of the Cox1 gene (639 basepairs), constructed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) from selected species of Parasesarma, focusing on P. peninsulare new species, with P. lanchesteri used as outgroup (only support values higher than 50% and 95%, respectively, for ML and BI are shown in trees); B, maximum parsimony haplotype network of Cox1 gene for specimens of P. peninsulare new species and allied species constructed with PopART; C, Neighbor-Net consensus network for same dataset using software Split Tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5363337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5363337/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="760">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Most material used in the present study was from the Malay Peninsula, and the identities of other Southeast Asian populations will need to be examined in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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