248 lines
20 KiB
XML
248 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83fd18f7-fda9-46b8-942b-2d07f89e8793" ID-PMC="PMC4432316" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-501-1" ID-PubMed="25987876" ID-ZBK="3405149612EA43BC989A7AA5722394BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-501-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 501" ModsDocTitle="On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species" checkinTime="1451244379589" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martinsson, Svante, Rota, Emilia & Erseus, Christer" docDate="2015" docId="CFBDF557BB399894CE6B34EE880E7BAE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 501: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 501" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279" docTitle="Chamaedrilus varisetosus Martinsson, Rota & Erseus, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BEA27C2F-484B-465A-AA06-034E84F0FF20" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE1FFBBFFFDFFDAFFDDFFB9FFFFFFB6" masterDocTitle="On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668160252211" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>501</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-501-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3405149612EA43BC989A7AA5722394BA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3405149612EA43BC989A7AA5722394BA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059892" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEA27C2F-484B-465A-AA06-034E84F0FF20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFBDF557BB399894CE6B34EE880E7BAE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxon classification Animalia Enchytraeida Enchytraeidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BEA27C2F-484B-465A-AA06-034E84F0FF20" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Chamaedrilus</pageBreakToken>
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glandulosus
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Friend, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination=": 174" title="A new British enchytraeid worm." url="10.1038/104174a0" volume="104" year="1919">Friend 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 174, partim.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, CO" journalOrPublisher="Natura Jutlandica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 160" title="The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species." volume="8 - 9" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 43, fig. 30, partim;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmelz, RM" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 176" title="A guide to European terrestrial and freshwater species of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta)." volume="82" year="2010">Schmelz and Collado 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 79, partim.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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A;
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<bibRefCitation author="Martinsson, S" journalOrPublisher="Pedobiologia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="27 - 35" title="Cryptic diversity in the well-studied terrestrial worm Cognettiasphagnetorum (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)." url="10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.09.006" volume="57" year="2014">
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Martinsson and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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ZMBN99905, CE19052, mature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878464, leg. Christer
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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, Aug 10, 2013.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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NORWAY: Buskerud, Hol, at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Örtedalsåna">Oertedalsana</normalizedToken>
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River (S of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haugastöl">Haugastoel</normalizedToken>
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), elevation 1,075 m above sea level (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="60.4866">N60.4866°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="7.8562">E7.8562°</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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ZMBN99906, CE19818, submature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878469; NORWAY: Hedmark, Engerdal, Nymoen at Femundelva (Trysilelva) River, at Nordre Husfloen Farm (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="61.6569">N61.6569°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="11.8164">E11.8164°</geoCoordinate>
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), leg. Christer
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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, Aug 15, 2013. SMNH type-8723, CE19819, submature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878470. Same collection data as for the other paratype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="other material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">See Table 1. Twenty-seven immature specimens, of which 2 from the Czech Republic, 12 from Norway, and 13 from Sweden, all DNA-barcoded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The species is named after the variation in numbers of chaetae in the lateral preclitellar bundles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The new species can be separated from all other European species of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Chamaedrilus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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s. s. by its unique combination of 3-4 pairs of well-developed secondary pharyngeal glands, two chaetae in most lateral bundles in preclitellar segments, and three chaetae in all other bundles, spermathecae with comparatively long ectal ducts, and genitalia shifted forward 3-4 segments (in relation to normal placement in
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<taxonomicName family="Enchytraeidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Enchytraeidae</taxonomicName>
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). No characters completely separate this species from
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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, but specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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are generally smaller, have shorter chaetae and smaller internal organs, and usually have a few preclitellar lateral bundles with three chaetae (
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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constantly has two chaetae per lateral bundle in preclitellar segments). Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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is mainly found in moist to wet soils, whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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is only found in aquatic habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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EXTERNAL CHARACTERS: Size: length of 20 anteriormost segments 2.33-4.38 mm, mean 2.89
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.59 (n = 13); body width in XII 0.20-0.42 mm,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">mean</pageBreakToken>
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0.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07 (n = 20). Chaetae sigmoid without nodulus, 50-60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, chaetal formula 2,3-(2),3:3-3; most specimens with 3 chaetae in lateral bundles of III(or IV)-V and 2 chaetae in the other lateral preclitellar bundles, but some specimens have 2 chaetae in all preclitellar lateral bundles; in sexually mature specimens, chaetae missing in the segment bearing male pores (VIII or IX). In the mature and submature specimens examined, clitellum only developed (but poorly) in the segment bearing the male pores and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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a segment posterior and anterior to that segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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INTERNAL CHARACTERS: Brain slightly concave posteriorly, concave anteriorly, 125-140
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, about twice as long as broad (Fig. 3D). Pharyngeal glands, 3-4 primary pairs; 3-4 pairs of well-developed secondary glands (Fig. 3A), secondary glands behind the last pair of primary glands sometimes missing. Dorsal blood vessel arising in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XIII–XVII">XIII-XVII</normalizedToken>
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, rarely in XI or XVIII. First pair of nephridia present at 8/9-11/12; nephridia with efferent duct originating antero-ventrally, close to septum; anteseptale consisting of funnel only; postseptale oval, elongate (Fig. 3E). Chloragogen cells granulated, 20-30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Coelomocytes finely granulated, round to oval, approximately 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Anterior part of body (immature specimen) in lateral view, indicating chaetal distribution and the size, shape and number of pharyngeal glands B Male genitalia of a mature worm with male pores in segment VIII C Spermatheca D Brain, dorsal view E Nephridium at septum 10/11, lateral view. Abbreviations: eg = ectal gland; pb = penial bulb; sa = spermathecal ampulla; sd = spermathecal duct; sf = sperm funnel; vd = vas deferens. Scale bars: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(A); 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(B-E).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Seminal vesicle unpaired, distinct in all three mature/submature specimens. Other genitalia paired. Sperm funnel about 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 40-50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; collar indistinct, 25-30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Spermatozoa not observed on collar. Vas deferens long, with several loops, about 5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Penial bulb poorly developed, about 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, 35-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig. 3B). Male pores in VIII or IX. Spermathecae paired; pores located slightly below lateral chaetae; ectal duct smooth, 225
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, approximately 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; ectal gland 25-30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter; ampulla about 150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with ectal enlargement, followed
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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a contraction and a tubular to oval ental chamber; no sperm observed in ampulla; ampulla not attached to oesophagus (Fig. 3C). Spermathecae entering into VI.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Found both in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In freshwater found on stony bottoms in rivers, on land found in both deciduous and coniferous forest as well as in grassland soils. Known from Canada (BOLD record), the Czech Republic, Finland (BOLD record), Norway and Sweden, but may be more widely distributed in Europe and North America.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlaghamerský’s">Schlaghamersky's</normalizedToken>
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(2013) description of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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from Michigan fits our description of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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. This and
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlaghamersky, J" journalOrPublisher="Applied Soil Ecology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 169" title="Earthworm invasion alters enchytraeid community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America." url="10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.09.005" volume="83" year="2014">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlaghamerský’s">Schlaghamersky's</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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records from Minnesota and Wisconsin are likely to refer to the same species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Parthenogenetic reproduction more limited in time (maturing specimens found in August in Norway) than fragmentation (observed in May-September in Sweden and Norway). Worms with regenerating tails and/or heads rather frequent. This species may correspond to the population studied by
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<bibRefCitation author="Christensen, B" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1159 - 1160" title="Asexual reproduction in the Enchytraeidae (Olig)." url="10.1038/1841159a0" volume="184" year="1959">Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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, in which the number of mature worms was high for a short period during the autumn. The variation in number of the lateral chaetae corresponds to that given in the diagnosis by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, CO" journalOrPublisher="Natura Jutlandica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 160" title="The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species." volume="8 - 9" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">This species is represented in BOLD by BIN: AAT9501.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |