241 lines
35 KiB
XML
241 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="6092743897C4DC237998AB10ECCA2F33" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.209739" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e017ea71-5c54-43b2-9df6-bdbab7b1de06" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="209739" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460516410571" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haddad, Charles R." docDate="2012" docId="CF0B6C69FFA0023FFF21F94BFA9EAFF8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03450p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3450" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Echinax clara Haddad, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="33321411FFA70236FFB6FF83FFC1A811" masterDocTitle="A revision of the spider genus Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698314108202" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E13357656581FA9FDF1567A55FEFF866">
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<mods:title id="EC765F94F7D6FA6D3A7FB6ABD86134FE">A revision of the spider genus Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4051A7481C62F05FA4138CDD2558087D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C157F5B28D7CB832E920EAC2FEA2D906">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9483F650907E90F6E3C672194ACE5505">Haddad, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D45EE4381201987A2430DCAA92079D12">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="308C4DFE58F7ADF3D335F413C33B9A77">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="863C2539386B1B2F595C0C606F971D6A">
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<mods:date id="AA6181FDC2FF0BCC872657EBFBB7992D">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7CB0EED5CF6D161EE8EF84C21E62C32D">3450</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="460A7BFBFA25A77A402A8D0C814A6775">33</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="748CFCA52EA5DC633CBCEA712BDC598B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.209739</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="83BA58A70613CAF12ABFE2AF97A2E23A" type="GBIF-Dataset">e017ea71-5c54-43b2-9df6-bdbab7b1de06</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="58CCCA17EAD032ABFEDB7BA407D29D00" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9809AC162F4E2705C3378B4725A0201B" type="Zenodo-Dep">209739</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CF0B6C69FFA0023FFF21F94BFA9EAFF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174682" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119524454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF0B6C69FFA0023FFF21F94BFA9EAFF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF0B6C69FFA0023FFF21F94BFA9EAFF8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFA00231FF21F94BFEB7AF12" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFA00231FF21F94BFE66AEF3" blockId="7.[151,423,1736,1795]" box="[151,423,1736,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="1C556A13FFA00231FF21F94BFE66AEF3" bold="true" box="[151,423,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFA00231FF21F94BFE66AEF3" bold="true" box="[151,423,1736,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="80A2A6FCFFA00231FF21F94BFE82AEF3" ID-CoL="6DVQJ" box="[151,323,1736,1762]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Echinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFA00231FF21F94BFE82AEF3" bold="true" box="[151,323,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Echinax clara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EE5BC16FFA00231FEFCF94BFE66AEF3" box="[330,423,1736,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFA00231FF21F968FEB7AF12" blockId="7.[151,423,1736,1795]" box="[151,374,1771,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FF21F968FF3BAF12" box="[151,250,1771,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1874,1897]" captionTargetBox="[163,1398,195,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1400,195,1830]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Digital stereomicroscope photographs of Echinax clara sp. nov. (1, 2), E. hesperis sp. nov. (3, 4), E. longespina (Simon, 1909) (5, 6), E. natalensis sp. nov. (7, 8), E. scharffi sp. nov. (9, 10), E. similis sp. nov. (11, 12) and E. spatulata sp. nov. (13 – 16): 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. Female habitus, dorsal view. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. Male habitus, dorsal view. 15. Male patella and tibia I and II, retrolateral view, indicating distal dorsal patellar spines (PS). 16. Male palpal cymbium, dorsal view, indicating modified distal setae (MDS) and spatulate setae (SS). Scale bars: 1 – 15 = 1.0 mm, 16 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209740/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FEB0F968FEE5AF12" box="[262,292,1771,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 51" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,844,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,844,1876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 51. Digital microscope photographs of male emboli of Afrotropical Echinax species in ventral view: 45. Echinax clara sp. nov.. 46. E. hesperis sp. nov.. 47. E. longespina (Simon, 1909). 48. E. natalensis sp. nov.. 49. E. scharffi sp. nov.. 50. E. similis sp. nov.. 51. E. spatulata sp. nov.. Stipple lines indicate the points of separation between the basal and distal coils of the embolus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209745/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">45</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FE86F968FEB7AF12" box="[304,374,1771,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">52–55</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFA00231FF21F8B7FAACAF5A" box="[151,1389,1843,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFA00231FF21F8B7FAACAF5A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1843,2011]" box="[151,1389,1843,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFA00231FF21F8B7FEDFAF5D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name is Latin for “clear, distinct”, referring to the distinct shape of the male embolus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFA00231FF71F8D4FC21AFCA" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFA00231FF71F8D4FC21AFCA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1843,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFA00231FF71F8D4FE80AF61" bold="true" box="[199,321,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Females can be easily recognised by the very small epigynal ridges (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FB31F8D4FB1FAF7E" box="[1159,1246,1879,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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) and the nearly transverse copulatory ducts bent at a right angle medially (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FC97F8F8FCB5AF82" box="[801,884,1915,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
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). The male is unique amongst the African species in having a prolateral and retrolateral spine in the proximal third of the cymbium dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FB29F81CFB32AFA6" box="[1183,1267,1951,1975]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
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), as well as by the relatively short and strongly curved distal coil of the embolus (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFA00231FCC9F840FC15AFCA" box="[895,980,1987,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFAF023FFF71FF1BFA57AE0D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAF023EFF71FF1BFB57A8E6" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAF023EFF71FF1BFCB2A8A1" bold="true" box="[199,883,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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Female (
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<typeStatus id="981963DDFFAF023EFE98FF14FE59A8A1" box="[302,408,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, Luki, MRAC 236910). Measurements:
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</emphasis>
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CL 1.85, CW 1.53, AL 2.35, AW 1.64, TL 4.18 (3.95–4.60), FL 0.19, SL 0.90, SW 0.90, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.32, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.07, PLE–PLE 0.39,
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<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAF023EFDBBFF63FD98A8E6" box="[525,601,224,247]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">PERW</collectingCountry>
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0.54, MOQAW 0.30, MOQPW 0.33, MOQL 0.37.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAF023EFF71FE87FBABA92E" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Length of leg segments: I 1.65 + 0.63 + 1.33 + 1.30 + 0.65 = 5.56; II 1.61 + 0.63 + 1.28 + 1.30 + 0.65 = 5.47; III 1.52 + 0.60 + 1.25 + 1.38 + 0.65 = 5.40; IV 1.87 + 0.65 + 1.55 + 2.00 + 0.74 = 6.81.</paragraph>
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<caption id="13DD8DF7FFAF023EFF21FAD8FCE1AD80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAF023EFF21FAD8FCE1AD80" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAF023EFF21FAD8FE92AD60" bold="true" box="[151,339,1371,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 52–55.</emphasis>
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Genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="80A2A6FCFFAF023EFE60FADFFDA5AD63" box="[470,612,1372,1394]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Echinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAF023EFE60FADFFDA5AD63" box="[470,612,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Echinax clara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EE5BC16FFAF023EFDDCFADFFD7BAD60" box="[618,698,1372,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAF023EFDDCFADFFD7BAD60" bold="true" box="[618,698,1372,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAF023FFF7FFA3EFB0DA9B9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1469,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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General appearance as in
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAF023EFE5AFA3EFDF1ADC4" box="[492,560,1469,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1874,1897]" captionTargetBox="[163,1398,195,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1400,195,1830]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Digital stereomicroscope photographs of Echinax clara sp. nov. (1, 2), E. hesperis sp. nov. (3, 4), E. longespina (Simon, 1909) (5, 6), E. natalensis sp. nov. (7, 8), E. scharffi sp. nov. (9, 10), E. similis sp. nov. (11, 12) and E. spatulata sp. nov. (13 – 16): 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. Female habitus, dorsal view. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. Male habitus, dorsal view. 15. Male patella and tibia I and II, retrolateral view, indicating distal dorsal patellar spines (PS). 16. Male palpal cymbium, dorsal view, indicating modified distal setae (MDS) and spatulate setae (SS). Scale bars: 1 – 15 = 1.0 mm, 16 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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. Carapace cream, eye region black except between PME; broad median band of black feathery setae from PER to posterior slope, with fine black stripe from posterior of fovea to posterior margin of carapace; lateral margins with broad stripe of black feathery setae from palpal coxa to posterior margin. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, medians much larger than laterals; AME separated by distance slightly less than ½ their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance approximately 1⁄10 AME diameter; clypeus height equal to 1½ AME diameter; PER strongly procurved, medians slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance equal to their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance approximately equal to ½ PME diameter; CW:
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<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAF023EFF62F93FFEE1AEC2" box="[212,288,1724,1747]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">PERW</collectingCountry>
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= 2.83: 1. Chelicerae cream, with pectinate curved setae on promargin; two closely spaced teeth on promargin, distal tooth much larger than proximal; retromargin with two adjacent subequal teeth, distal tooth very slightly larger than proximal tooth, close to fang base. Endites and sternum cream, without markings; labium cream, with black transverse marking along proximal margin. Legs cream, spine bases with faint black spot; femora all with incomplete black ventral ring distally; remaining leg segments uniform in colour. Leg spination: femora: I pl 2 do 3 rl 2, II pl 2 do 3 rl 2, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; all femora with plv and rlv rows of erect setae; patellae: all with do 1 terminal spine; tibiae: I pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2, II pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2, II pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: pl 1 do 2 rl 1, with plv and rlv erect setae; patellae: pl 1 do 2; tibiae: pl 1 do 2 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 rl 1 plv 3 rlv 1. Abdomen with small dorsal scutum extending ¼ abdomen length; dorsum pale grey, with narrow black oval marking anteriorly, black X-shaped marking at ½ abdomen length, and lateral margins with irregular black marking; black feathery setae on markings, white feathery setae surrounding them; venter creamy-grey, covered in short straight setae with scattered longer setae, with dark grey subrectangular marking medially. Epigyne with short curved lateral ridges at midpoint of epigyne, separated by at least their width, with copulatory openings situated laterally in ridges (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFBA6FECAFBA6A970" box="[1040,1127,329,353]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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); copulatory ducts initially straight, nearly transverse, curving anteriorly at right angle medially, entering oval anterior ST II; broad ducts connecting ST II to broad, kidney-shaped posterior ST I; ST I nearly as broad as ST II (
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<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFBDDFE13FB7EA9B9" box="[1131,1215,400,424]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FFE37FB57AA03" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF7FFE37FCA7A9DD" bold="true" box="[201,870,435,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
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Male (
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<typeStatus id="981963DDFFAE023FFEA1FE30FE44A9DD" box="[279,389,435,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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, Luki, MRAC 236912). Measurements:
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</emphasis>
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CL 1.80, CW 1.47, AL 2.15, AW 1.10, TL 3.80 (3.80–3.90), FL 0.23, SL 0.77, SW 0.77, AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–ALE 0.29, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 0.32,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAE023FFDBBFE78FD98AA03" box="[525,601,507,530]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">PERW</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.48, MOQAW 0.30, MOQPW 0.29, MOQL 0.35.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FFD9DFBABAA48" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Length of leg segments: I 1.85 + 0.60 + 1.50 + 1.43 + 0.73 = 6.11; II 1.78 + 0.57 + 1.40 + 1.38 + 0.70 = 5.83; III 1.65 + 0.55 + 1.38 + 1.50 + 0.68 = 5.76; IV 1.93 + 0.58 + 1.60 + 2.03 + 0.75 = 6.89.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FFDE6FA57AE0D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
General appearance as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFE51FDE6FDEBAA6C" box="[487,554,613,637]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1874,1897]" captionTargetBox="[163,1398,195,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1400,195,1830]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Digital stereomicroscope photographs of Echinax clara sp. nov. (1, 2), E. hesperis sp. nov. (3, 4), E. longespina (Simon, 1909) (5, 6), E. natalensis sp. nov. (7, 8), E. scharffi sp. nov. (9, 10), E. similis sp. nov. (11, 12) and E. spatulata sp. nov. (13 – 16): 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. Female habitus, dorsal view. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. Male habitus, dorsal view. 15. Male patella and tibia I and II, retrolateral view, indicating distal dorsal patellar spines (PS). 16. Male palpal cymbium, dorsal view, indicating modified distal setae (MDS) and spatulate setae (SS). Scale bars: 1 – 15 = 1.0 mm, 16 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209740/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, male more slender and smaller than female. Carapace cream, eye region black except between PME; broad median band of black feathery setae from PER to posterior slope, broken up by asetose striae directed between coxae, with fine black stripe from posterior of fovea to posterior margin of carapace; lateral margins black, markings expanded medially from coxae, with broad stripe of black feathery setae from palpal coxa to posterior margin. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, medians much larger than laterals; AME separated by distance slightly less than ½ their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance approximately 1⁄10 AME diameter; clypeus height equal to 1½ AME diameter; PER strongly procurved, medians slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance equal to ¾ their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance approximately equal to ½ PME diameter; CW:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAE023FFE17FC04FE2CAB8F" box="[417,493,903,926]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">PERW</collectingCountry>
|
||
= 3.06: 1. Chelicerae cream, with pectinate curved setae on promargin; two closely spaced teeth on promargin, distal tooth larger than proximal; retromargin with two adjacent teeth, subequal in size, distal tooth close to fang base. Endites and sternum cream, without markings; labium cream, with black transverse marking along proximal margin. Legs cream, spine bases with distinct black spot; femora all with incomplete black markings proximally, at ½ and ½ femur length and distally, starting mediolaterally and curving laterally; patellae all black distally and laterally; tibiae all with broken black markings laterally; metatarsi with black rings proximally, medially and distally, corresponding to paired spines. Leg spination: femora: I pl 2 do 3 rl 2, II pl 2 do 3 rl 2, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 2; all femora with plv and rlv rows of erect setae; patellae: all with do 1 terminal spine; tibiae: I pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2, II pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2, II pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: pl 1 do 2 rl 1, with plv and rlv erect setae; patellae: pl 1 do 2; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 1. Abdomen with scutum nearly covering entire dorsum; dorsum mottled black with two pairs of cream spots anteriorly and medially, with fine cream chevrons posteriorly; dorsum covered predominantly with brown feathery setae, with scattered black feathery setae; venter cream, with broad black stripe along midline from pedicel to spinnerets, covered in short straight setae with scattered long straight setae. Male palp cream, cymbium yellow-brown, with a few spatulate setae dorsally in distal ½ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFC2DFA19FC2EADA3" box="[923,1007,1434,1458]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegulum pear-shaped, yellow-brown with dark brown ducts; embolus with broad base and two ridges, first leading to prolateral and second to retrolateral basal loop of embolus; embolus long, with 1½ coils, distal section strongly curved; longitudinal distance from retrolateral bend to prolateral bend approximately ½ the distance from prolateral bend to embolus tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFAB1F987FA9FAE0D" box="[1287,1374,1540,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 51" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,844,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,844,1876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 51. Digital microscope photographs of male emboli of Afrotropical Echinax species in ventral view: 45. Echinax clara sp. nov.. 46. E. hesperis sp. nov.. 47. E. longespina (Simon, 1909). 48. E. natalensis sp. nov.. 49. E. scharffi sp. nov.. 50. E. similis sp. nov.. 51. E. spatulata sp. nov.. Stipple lines indicate the points of separation between the basal and distal coils of the embolus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209745/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figs 45</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFADFF987FA48AE0D" box="[1385,1417,1540,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 55" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,383,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,373,1351]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 55. Genitalia of Echinax clara sp. nov.: 52. Female epigyne, ventral view. 53. Same, dorsal view. 54. Male palp, ventral view. 55. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209746/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">54</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFAE023FFF7FF9ABFD40AFB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FF9ABFF3DAE96" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF7FF9ABFEB9AE51" bold="true" box="[201,376,1575,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="981963DDFFAE023FFF7FF9ABFEC5AE51" box="[201,260,1576,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="981963DDFFAE023FFE36F9ABFE29AE51" box="[384,488,1576,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ:
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFDA0F9ABFD09AE51" bold="true" box="[534,712,1575,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
D.R.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAE023FFDE3F9A4FD02AE51" box="[597,707,1575,1600]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">CONGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFD66F9AAFC8FAE51" box="[720,846,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Bas-Congo</emphasis>
|
||
: Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFB62F9ABFAEFAE51" box="[1236,1326,1576,1600]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-5.616667">05°37'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFA8AF9ABFA56AE51" box="[1340,1431,1576,1600]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="13.083333">13°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="805A709AFFAE023FFF21F9C8FF22AE72" box="[151,227,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="266.0">266 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., leg. D. de Bakker & J.-P. Michiels,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFD51F9C8FCA7AE72" box="[743,870,1611,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-14">14.IX.2007</date>
|
||
(canopy fogging, secondary rainforest) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFAFEF9C8FA5DAE72" box="[1352,1436,1611,1635]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236910).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FF910FBE5AF6E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="981963DDFFAE023FFF7FF910FEFBAEBA" box="[201,314,1683,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFEF2F910FE35AEBA" bold="true" box="[324,500,1682,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
D.R.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAE023FFE37F911FE2EAEBA" box="[385,495,1682,1707]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">CONGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFE4DF910FDB8AEBB" box="[507,633,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Bas-Congo</emphasis>
|
||
: Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFC40F911FB91AEBB" box="[1014,1104,1682,1706]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-5.616667">05°37'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFBEDF911FB76AEBB" box="[1115,1207,1682,1706]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="13.083333">13°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="805A709AFFAE023FFB74F911FAC8AEBB" box="[1218,1289,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="266.0">266 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., leg. D. de Bakker & J.-P. Michiels,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFE5CF935FD93AEDF" box="[490,594,1718,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-10-01">1.X.2007</date>
|
||
(canopy fogging, primary rainforest), 13 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFBE6F935FB65AEDF" box="[1104,1188,1718,1742]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236903); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFF21F95AFED8AEE0" box="[151,281,1753,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-26">26.IX.2007</date>
|
||
, 2Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFEE3F95AFE68AEE0" box="[341,425,1753,1777]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236901); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFD21F95AFCD8AEE0" box="[663,793,1753,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-30">30.IX.2007</date>
|
||
, 1Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFCE0F95AFC6BAEE0" box="[854,938,1753,1777]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236913); same locality, leg. D. de Bakker & J.-P. Michiels,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFEF7F97EFE01AF04" box="[321,448,1789,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-17">17.IX.2007</date>
|
||
(canopy fogging, secondary rainforest), 1Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFC7EF97EFBDDAF04" box="[968,1052,1789,1813]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236904); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFAA3F97EFA56AF04" box="[1301,1431,1789,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-28">28.IX.2007</date>
|
||
, 23 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFF7FF8A3FEDCAF29" box="[201,285,1824,1848]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236912); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFDA7F8A3FD52AF29" box="[529,659,1824,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-20">20.IX.2007</date>
|
||
, 2Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFD64F8A3FCE7AF29" box="[722,806,1824,1848]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236906); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFBACF8A3FB5DAF29" box="[1050,1180,1824,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2007-09-24">24.IX.2007</date>
|
||
, 3Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFB6DF8A3FAEEAF29" box="[1243,1327,1824,1848]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236908).
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF21F8C0FEC9AF4D" bold="true" box="[151,264,1859,1884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FB59DEFFFAE023FFF21F8C0FEC5AF4D" box="[151,260,1859,1884]" name="Ghana" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">GHANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Kakum forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFE0BF8C7FDDDAF4D" box="[445,540,1860,1884]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="5.3333335">05°20'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2296BBB8FFAE023FFD9CF8C7FD4DAF4D" box="[554,652,1860,1884]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-1.3833333">01°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, leg. R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker & L. Baert,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFBCDF8C7FB3AAF4D" box="[1147,1275,1860,1884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2005-11-21">21.XI.2005</date>
|
||
(fogging, primary forest), 1Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFED6F8E4FE75AF6E" box="[352,436,1895,1919]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236916); same data,
|
||
<date id="331CFBBFFFAE023FFD12F8E4FCE7AF6E" box="[676,806,1895,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="2005-11-18">18.XI.2005</date>
|
||
, 3Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="21B345BAFFAE023FFCD5F8E4FC76AF6E" box="[867,951,1895,1919]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
236918).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FF809FD40AFB2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[201,641,1930,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF7FF809FDF7AFB2" bold="true" box="[201,566,1930,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FB88EF4FFAE023FFF7FF82DFA9EAFF8" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FF82DFBB0AFD7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[201,1137,1966,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF7FF82DFEA3AFD6" bold="true" box="[201,354,1966,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from two localities in Central and West Africa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99C1FAFFAE023FFBA7F82DFBA4AFD7" box="[1041,1125,1966,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1298,1321]" captionTargetBox="[156,1419,198,1258]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,195,1277]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 68. Distribution of Echinax clara sp. nov. (white stars), E. hesperis sp. nov. (black stars), E. longespina (Simon, 1909) (black circles) and E. natalensis sp. nov. (white circles) in Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209750/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="471DDD7FFFAE023FFF7FF851FA9EAFF8" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[201,1375,2001,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6016DFFAE023FFF7FF851FE46AFFB" bold="true" box="[201,391,2001,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was only collected by canopy fogging in primary and secondary rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |