837 lines
73 KiB
XML
837 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43f8039f-507d-49e1-8a6b-d84a0f68e31a" ID-PMC="PMC7790810" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1008-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C0379071C32E5B77AB8EC0CC6ADA6D54" ID-PubMed="33505186" ID-ZooBank="C182EAADB0CF44C889A704BA87578FF5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1008-17" checkinTime="1609463520998" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xu, Da-Jian, Li, Deng-Xu, Zheng, Xiao-Zhuang & Guo, Zhao-Liang" docDate="2020" docId="7FB1682DED045D478447CF2682C14F28" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1008: 17-35" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1008" docPubDate="2020-12-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190" docTitle="Caridina sinanensis Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AC2E06AB-1DFF-49D6-8D76-26DB850E7597" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="C0379071C32E5B77AB8EC0CC6ADA6D54" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="C0379071C32E5B77AB8EC0CC6ADA6D54" masterDocTitle="Caridina sinanensis, a new species of stygobiotic atyid shrimp (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from a karst cave in the Guizhou Province, southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668149668379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Caridina sinanensis, a new species of stygobiotic atyid shrimp (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from a karst cave in the Guizhou Province, southwestern China</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Xu, Da-Jian</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan Province, China & Changsha Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Li, Deng-Xu</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan Province, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Zheng, Xiao-Zhuang</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Guo, Zhao-Liang</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zlguo@fosu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2020-12-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1008</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>17</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>35</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1008-17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C182EAADB0CF44C889A704BA87578FF5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C0379071C32E5B77AB8EC0CC6ADA6D54</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176352614" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC2E06AB-1DFF-49D6-8D76-26DB850E7597" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FB1682DED045D478447CF2682C14F28" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AC2E06AB-1DFF-49D6-8D76-26DB850E7597" authority="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo, 2020" authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis" status="sp. nov.">Caridina sinanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="17">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life A-D Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. E a blind millipede F a camel cricket." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
: Adult male (FU, 2019-01-25-01), tl 16.7 mm, cl 4.8 mm, rl 1.5 mm; a cave river at Pengjiaao, Tangtou Town, Sinan County, Guizhou Province, southwestern, China (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="27.73611">27°44'10"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="108.19945">108°11'58"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. 294.7 m), 25 Jan. 2019.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: 1 male (FU, 2019-01-25-02) cl 5.4 mm; 1 male (FU, 2019-01-25-03) cl 6.8 mm; 1 male (FU, 2019-01-25-04) cl 4.8 mm; 2 males (FU, 2019-01-25-05), cl 4.2-6.2 mm; 20 females (9 ovigerous) (FU, 2019-01-25-05), cl 4.9-6.6 mm, sampled together with the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Comparative material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guo, Choy & Gui" authorityYear="1996" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina semiblepsia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiblepsia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina semiblepsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Guo, Choy & Gui, 1996. Adult male (FU, 1994-05-17-01), tl 17.5 mm, cl 4.5 mm, rl 0.7 mm; a cave river at Tongpatong, Baojing County, Hunan Province, China, 17 May 1994. Paratypes: 4 males (FU, 1994-05-17-02) cl 4.8-5.6 mm; 5 females (2 ovigerous) (FU, 1994-05-17-03), cl 4.7-6.3 mm, sampled together with the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guo, Jiang & Zhang" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina ablepsia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ablepsia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina ablepsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Guo & Jiang, 1992. Adult male (FU, 1989-05-23-01), tl 26.8 mm, cl 6.5 mm, rl 1.8 mm; a cave river at Xiaolongtong, Yunshun County, Hunan Province,China, 23 May 1989. Paratypes: 5 males (FU, 1989-05-23-02) cl 5.4-6.7 mm; 6 females (FU, 1989-05-23-03), cl 5.7-6.9 mm, sampled together with the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Rostrum short, slightly sloping downwards, usually reaching to the end of the 2nd segment, occasionally reaching to the end of the 1st segment or the end of the 3rd segment of antennular peduncle, rostral formula 4-10+10-16/3-11. 1st pereiopod carpus 0.77-0.83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as chela, 1.6-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high; chela 1.9-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad; fingers 1.2-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as palm. 2nd pereiopod carpus 1.2-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as chela, 4.7-6.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high; chela 2.2-2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad; fingers 1.6-2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as palm. 3rd pereiopod propodus 3.8-4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as dactylus, with 9-11 thin spines on the posterior and lateral margins. 5th pereiopod propodus 3.7-4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as dactylus, with 11-13 thin spines on the posterior and lateral margins, dactylus terminating in one claw, with 38-44 spinules on flexor margin. Endopod of male 1st pleopod extending to 0.45-0.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
exopod length, distal half usually curved posteriorly in the natural, occasionally not bent backwards, wider proximally, subrectangular, 2.4-2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, appendix interna well developed, arising from distal 1/3 of endopod, reaching beyond end of endopod. Appendix masculina of male 2nd pleopod rod-shaped, reaching to 0.51 length of endopod, appendix interna reaching to 0.93 length of appendix masculina. Uropodal diaeresis with 10-12 movable spinules. Eggs size (without eyespots) 0.67-0.82
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.29-1.38 mm, eggs size (containing embryos with eyes) 0.98-1.02
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.16-1.47 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Body</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life A-D Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. E a blind millipede F a camel cricket." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
): depigmented, slender and subcylindrical, medium-sized, males up to 22.7 mm tl, females up to 26.0 mm tl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Rostrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): 0.25-0.47 of cl, reaching to the end of the 2nd segment of antennular peduncle (75.8%,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">N</emphasis>
|
||
=33) in large specimens, or to the end of the 1st segment (15.2%), or to the end of the 3rd segment of antennular peduncle (9.0%), straight, slightly sloping downwards; armed dorsally with 14-26 teeth, including 4-10 on carapace, ventrally with 3-11 teeth; lateral carina dividing rostrum into two unequal parts, continuing posteriorly to orbital margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
): small, partly reduced, with short stalk, cornea pigmentation variable, usually with pigment at centre of cornea, or totally absent (only one specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): smooth, glabrous; antennal spine acute, fused with inferior orbital angle; pterygostomial angle subrectangular, slightly protrude forward; pterygostomian spine absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Antennule</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
): peduncle short, reaching slightly short of scaphocerite; stylocerite short, reaching 0.75-0.88 length of basal segment; anterolateral angle reaching 0.20 length of the 2nd segment; basal segment as long as combined length of the 2nd and 3rd segments, 2nd segment as long as 0.53-0.61
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of basal segment, 1.29-1.32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the 3rd segment; all segments with sub-marginal plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
eye
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
|
||
antennule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
||
antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
|
||
mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
|
||
maxillula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
|
||
first maxilliped
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">J</emphasis>
|
||
second maxilliped
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">K</emphasis>
|
||
third maxilliped
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (FU, 2019-01-25-01)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D-K</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (FU, 2019-01-25-02)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (FU, 2019-01-25-03).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
): peduncle about 0.53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scaphocerite; scaphocerite 3.0-3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, outer margin straight, asetose, ending in a strong subapical spine, inner and anterior margins with long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
): without palp, with well-developed incisor and molar processes; left and right mandible of similar size but differing in shape; left incisor process with single sharp tooth and a marginal transparent slice followed by patch of long setae, molar process strongly produced, ridged; right mandible incisor process with two long outer teeth and single short inner tooth, margin leading to molar process with 12 curving setae, followed by patch of long setae, molar process stout and with triturative surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Maxillula</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
): lower lacinia broadly rounded, with several rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, medial edge straight, with 36-42 strong spinules and simple setae; palp simple, longer than wide, slightly expanded distally, with four long simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3H</figureCitation>
|
||
): Scaphognathite well developed, tapering posteriorly, distally with regular row of long plumose setae and short marginal plumose setae continuing down proximal triangular process, furnished with numerous long plumose setae; upper and middle endites with marginal simple, denticulate and submarginal simple setae, distally with plumose setae; lower endite with long simple marginal setae; palp slightly shorter than the cleft of upper endite, wider proximally than distally, setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">First maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3I</figureCitation>
|
||
): Palp broad with terminal plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopodal flagellum well developed, with distally marginal plumose setae; ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided; medial and distal margins of ultimate segment with marginal and sub-marginal rows of simple, denticulate, and plumose setae; penultimate segments with marginal long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Second maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3J</figureCitation>
|
||
): endopodite ultimate and penultimate antennomeres fused, slightly concave, reflected against basal antennomeres, inner margin of ultimate, penultimate and basal segments with long setae of various types; exopod flagellum long, slender, with marginal plumose setae distally. Podobranchium is comb-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Third maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A, B carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view C eye D antennule E antenna F mandible G maxillula H maxilla I first maxilliped J second maxilliped K third maxilliped A, C holotype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 01) D-K paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) B paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 03)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492922" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3K</figureCitation>
|
||
): endopod three-segmented, reaching slightly beyond scaphocerite; penultimate segment 0.87-0.92
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of basal segment; distal segment as long as penultimate segment, ending in a large claw-like spine surrounded by simple setae, preceded by about 6-9 spines on distal third of posterior margin, proximally with a clump of long and short simple and serrate setae; exopod flagellum well developed, about a third the length of penultimate segment of endopod, distal margin with long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">First pereiopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): short, reaches end of eyes; chela length 1.9-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, 1.2-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of carpus; movable finger length 2.7-2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, 1.2-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of palm, setal brushes well developed; carpus excavated disto-dorsally, length 1.6-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, 0.90-0.93
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of merus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Second pereiopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
): reaches about end of 3rd antennular peduncle segment, more slender and longer than first pereiopod; chela length 2.2-2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, 0.79-0.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of carpus; movable finger length 3.8-4.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, and 1.6-2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of palm, setal brushes well developed; carpus length 4.7-6.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, slightly excavated distally, 1.0-1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of merus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Third pereiopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
): reaches beyond end of scaphocerite; dactylus length 4.0-4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, ending in prominent claw-like spine surrounded by simple setae, behind which bears 7-9 spines; propodus length 3.8-4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of dactylus, bearing 9-11 spinules on posterior margin, 11.2-12.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth; carpus length 0.60-0.78
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of propodus; merus length 1.9-2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of carpus, with about three large spines on the posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
|
||
first pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
|
||
second pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
third pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
|
||
dactylus of third pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
||
fourth pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
|
||
fifth pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
|
||
dactylus of fifth pereiopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">H-J</emphasis>
|
||
first pleopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">K</emphasis>
|
||
second pleopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
|
||
telson
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||
diaeresis of uropodal exopod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">N</emphasis>
|
||
spermatophore
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A-G, I-N</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (FU, 2019-01-25-02)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (FU, 2019-01-25-04).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Fourth pereiopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
): reaches end of 3rd segment of antennular peduncle; dactylus length 4.0-4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, ending in prominent claw-like spine surrounded by simple setae, behind which bears 7-8 spines; propodus length 3.9-4.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of dactylus, bearing 11-16 spinules on posterior margin, 13.5-14.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth; carpus length 0.53-0.62
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of propodus; merus length 1.5-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of carpus, with about three strong spines on the posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Fifth pereiopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
): reaches the end of the 3rd segment of antennular peduncle; dactylus length 4.9-5.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, ending in prominent claw-like spine surrounded by simple setae, behind which bears a comb-like row of 38-44 spines; propodus length 3.7-4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of dactylus, bearing 11-13 spinules on posterior margin, 16.6-17.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth; carpus length 0.50-0.61
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of propodus; merus length 1.4-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of carpus, with about three strong spines on the posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">First four pereiopods with epipod. Branchial formula typical for genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">First pleopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4H-J</figureCitation>
|
||
): endopod of male subrectangular, distal half usually curved posteriorly in the natural, occasionally not bent backwards, wider proximally, length 0.45-0.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
exopod length, 2.4-2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
proximal breadth, ending broadly rounded; inner margin slightly concave, bearing long spine-like setae, outer margin slightly convex or straightly, proximally 1/3 naked and distally 2/3 bearing nearly equal length spine-like setae; appendix interna well developed, arising from distal 1/3 of endopod, reaching to or beyond end of endopod, distally with cincinulli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Second pleopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4K</figureCitation>
|
||
): appendix masculina rod-shaped, reaching about 0.51
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of exopod, with numerous long spiniform setae proximally and distally, appendix interna well developed, almost same size as appendix masculina, reaching about 0.93
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of appendix masculina, distally with cincinulli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Telson</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4L</figureCitation>
|
||
): 0.34-0.47
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of cl, shorter than the 6th abdominal segment, 0.90-0.96
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of sixth abdominal segment, tapering posterior, with a median projection, dorsal surface with six pairs of stout movable spinules including the pair at poster lateral angles; posterior margin with four pairs of intermedial strong spiniform setae, sublateral pair shorter than lateral and inner pairs. Exopodite of the urpood bears a series of 10-12 movable spinules along the diaeresis, last one shorter than the lateral process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Female</emphasis>
|
||
carrying a number of 20-32 eggs, sized eggs 0.67-0.82
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.29-1.38 mm (without eyespots), and 0.98-1.02
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.16-1.47 mm (with eyespots).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life A-D Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. E a blind millipede F a camel cricket." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
): body and appendages translucent white; eyes with black spot at centre of cornea; internal organs (gonads and hepatopancreas) whitish or yellowish; eggs in females yellowish or blackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
||
a blind millipede
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
|
||
a camel cricket.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is named after Sinan County, where the type locality is located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Six
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species lacking body pigmentation and having a small black spot on each eye are known from Chinese subterranean aquatic habitats:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. demenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="demenica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. demenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
These taxa can be readily separated into two groups by the rostrum shape and indentation. In the first group including
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. demenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="demenica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. demenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the rostrums are similarly lanceolate and short, with fewer teeth or unarmed. In the second group including
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the rostrums are long, reaching at least to the end of the 2nd antennular segment, mostly beyond the end of scaphocerite, and armed with dorsal and ventral teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Caridina. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sharing a similar spination pattern, the anterior region of endopod on the 1st male pleopod folded backwards, and the variably pigmented cornea.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Caridina. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the relatively longer appendix interna on the appendix masculina of the 2nd pleopod (reaching about 0.93 of appendix masculina vs 0.80 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the length of 6th abdominal segment distinctly longer than the telson (vs same length of telson in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and telson with posteromedian projection and lack of spinules on the surface of posterior telsonic spines (caudal spines) (vs lacking posteromedian projection and possessing spinules in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="longshan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. longshan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Caridina. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its short rostrum (reaching to the end of the 2nd antennular peduncle vs reaching to the end of scaphocerite in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the carpus of 1st and 2nd pereiopods are slender (length to breadth ratio 1.6-1.7 and 4.7-6.1 versus 1.3 and 2.6 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the telson with posteromedian projection (vs lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alu" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. alu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and male with completely different shape of the endopod of 1st pleopods and appendix masculina of the 2nd pleopods.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Caridina. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. also shows close similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the ratios of various segments of the 1st and 2nd pereiopods, and the shape of endopod of the 1st pleopod in males. In addition to a longer rostrum that slopes downwards,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the end of the palp of the 1st maxilliped being broadly rounded and without a finger-like tip (vs ending in a finger-like tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the smaller eggs (0.98-1.02
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.16-1.47 mm vs 1.05-1.15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.37-1.71 mm), and the stout and long appendix interna of the appendix masculina on the 2nd pleopod (appendix interna almost same size as appendix masculina and reaching about 0.93 of appendix masculina vs distinctly slender and reaching about 0.80 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semiblesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="semiblesia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. semiblesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="molecular phylogenetic results">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Molecular phylogenetic results.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Including the GenBank sequences, we analysed 22 COI sequences and 22 16S rRNA sequences in total. The new sequencing results are corrected for 621~bp (COI) and 487~bp (16S) for subsequent analysis. Three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used in the molecular phylogenetic analysis shown in Figures
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of species of Caridina and outgroups (Neocaridina) based on COI gene. Support values at the nodes represent posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492925" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of species of Caridina and outgroups (Neocaridina) based on 16 S rRNA. Support values at the nodes represent posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492926" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7</figureCitation>
|
||
. Specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a clade distinct from other species. And the tree topologies derived from COI and 16S rRNA analyses were basically congruent.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is well isolated from other nine
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a sequence divergence of 15.3-26.7% (COI) and 7.2-11.2% (16S), respectively. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025" author="Hebert, PDN" journalOrPublisher="Sichuan Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B8" refString="Hebert, PDN, Ratnasingham, S, de Waard, JR, 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 270 (suppl. 1): s96-s99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025" title="Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 270 (suppl. 1): s 96 - s 99." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025" year="2003">Hebert et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the genetic distances support the molecular-based description of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492925" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference (BI) tree of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and outgroups (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kubo" authorityYear="1938" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Neocaridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocaridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Neocaridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on COI gene. Support values at the nodes represent posterior probability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492926" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference (BI) tree of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and outgroups (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kubo" authorityYear="1938" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Neocaridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocaridina" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Neocaridina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on 16S rRNA. Support values at the nodes represent posterior probability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="ecological notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sp. nov. lives in an aphotic subterranean waterbody where the source of energy may come from allochthonous materials carried or washed into the cave, as there are particulates of vegetable debris in the water. Based on our observation on the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="shrimp’s">shrimp's</normalizedToken>
|
||
feeding behavior and intestinal contents, this species feeds on detritus and microorganisms from the bottom sediments with its brush-tipped chelae and mouthparts, and the full intestine suggests that the foods are relatively abundant (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life A-D Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. E a blind millipede F a camel cricket." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Leeches co-occurred with atyid shrimp in the subterranean waters, camel crickets were common on the cave rocks, especially in the dark zone, and a blind unpigmented species of millipede was found crawling along the rocks in the dark zone (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The cave dwelling organisms, colour in life A-D Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. E a blind millipede F a camel cricket." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492924" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5E,F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some trogloxene animals, such as bats and birds, were occasionally encountered in the cave entrance area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">In general, the populations of other cave-dwelling species were very small, while shrimp were moderately abundant. Competition for food and habitat seems insignificant, possibly because the groundwater was enriched with particulate organic matter and predators (such as leeches) were not abundant. Leeches are the natural enemies of the shrimp; they attach to the carapace, branchial chambers and appendages where they feed on the hemolymph of the shrimps. Parasitism certainly confers negative impact on populations of the new species, but accurate population data on the shrimp are lacking.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">The sex ratio and reproduction season were preliminary inferred based on three sampling times. On 25 January 2019, 18 individuals were collected, including two adult males, 10 adult females (six ovigerous), and six subadult females. The sex ratio (male to female) is 1:8, and the percentage of ovigerous females is 60%. On 18 March 2019, 18 individuals were caught, including five adult males, 10 adult females (three ovigerous), and three subadult females. The sex ratio is 1:2.6, and the percentage of ovigerous females is 30%. In 18 February 2020, four individuals were caught including one adult male and three adult females (one ovigerous). The sex ratio is 1:3, and the percentage of ovigerous females is 33%. These results showed that the number of males was significantly less than females in the population from January to March. The causes responsible for the skewed sex ratio in favor of females may worth further study.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The ovigerous females comprised 60%, 33%, and 30% of mature females, respectively, in populations from January to March. One male carrying a spermatophore on the intermediate of the fifth walking legs was observed from specimens collected in January (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Caridina sinanensis sp. nov. A first pereiopod B second pereiopod C third pereiopod D dactylus of third pereiopod E fourth pereiopod F fifth pereiopod G dactylus of fifth pereiopod H-J first pleopod K second pleopod L telson M diaeresis of uropodal exopod N spermatophore A-G, I-N paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 02) H paratype (FU, 2019 - 01 - 25 - 04)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.54190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492923" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4N</figureCitation>
|
||
). This cave dwelling species has the highest number of reproductive individuals recorded during the winter and spring months, suggesting that the peak reproductive period occurs from January to March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Females carried 20-32 eggs, size of undeveloped eggs (without eyespots) were 0.67-0.82
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.29-1.38 mm, size of developed eggs (containing embryos with eyes) 0.98-1.02
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.16-1.47 mm. The females of this species carry a small number of large eggs and produce eggs with a large amount of yolk and reduced number of larval stages. It is believed that abbreviated larval development may occurs in this species, larval direct development into benthic hatchlings that resemble miniature adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">We are trying to understand embryonic development and hatching of this species. On 20 March 2019, five ovigerous females were transported to the laboratory for rearing, but unfortunately, after 7 days, the shrimps died.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Cave ecosystems are an invaluable resource, providing an ideal refuge for cave-dwelling species. Cave shrimp communities are particularly vulnerable to human disturbance, particularly groundwater pollution due to the local agricultural activities (fertilization, herbicide, and pesticide) and overexploitation (domestic usage and agricultural irrigation). These appear to be responsible for the pollution and degradation of subterranean habitat, but the extent of the impact is a little known. If groundwater become contaminated, local aquatic organisms certainly are at risk. Maintaining healthy groundwater shrimp communities requires the reduction of anthropogenic impacts, such as minimizing the use of agricultural pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers by local farmers. It is suggested that the local government should ration the use of groundwater resources.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China (CITES Appendix aquatic wild species of China, no. 69, 2018), fails to list freshwater shrimps in the CITES threatened categories. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Li & Zheng & Guo" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caridina sinanensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Caridina sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a new species, no conservation status has been assigned. According to the criteria listed in the IUCN Red List categories (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="China Population, Resources and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2, 17 January 2019. http://www.iucnredlist.org" title="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018 - 2, 17 January 2019." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="sinanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C. sinanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered as a Critically Endangered species due to its exceptional rarity, restricted distribution in a single cave system, and the imminent threats from pollution. In order to better protect cave ecosystems, and their associated rare and threatened evolutionary relict fauna, it is critical and of great urgency to collect more baseline data on population and distribution patterns, delineate the importance and threatened status of cave fauna, and to devise corresponding conservation and management measures. Regular monitoring may be necessary to ensure populations are sustained in the face of further anthropogenic disturbances. Furthermore, cave biodiversity protection laws should be enacted as soon as possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="54E1C6349A17C53E50169BDEFAF62943" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/54E1C6349A17C53E50169BDEFAF62943" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Environmental physicochemical parameters of the cave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2">Environmental parameters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2">Unit</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Light zone</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Twilight zone</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Dark zone</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.1.25</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.3.18</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2020.2.15</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.1.25</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.3.18</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2020.2.15</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.1.25</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2019.3.18</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2020.2.15</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Temperature(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">°C</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">9.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">15.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">9.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">9.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">17.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">14.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">14.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">18.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">15.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Temperature(water)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">°C</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Humidity(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">%</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">76</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">80</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">92</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">93</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">94</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">96</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">97</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">pH(water)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">oxygen(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">%</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">28</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">27</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">29</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">23</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">25</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Hydrogen sulfide(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">mg/kg</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.37</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.39</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.25</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">0.22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Carbon monoxide(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">mg/kg</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">17.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">17.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">17.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">16.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">16.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">14.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">11.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">12.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">11.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Carbon dioxide(air)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">mg/kg</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">270</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">273</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">280</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">270</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">274</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">283</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">355</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">348</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">367</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Dissolved oxygen(water)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">mg/L</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">/</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |