493 lines
60 KiB
XML
493 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bdbd00b-4927-4adb-9609-0cc35e1a7920" ID-PMC="PMC9005471" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" ID-PubMed="35586844" ID-ZooBank="3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-161" checkinTime="1648647504971" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stoehr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin" docDate="2022" docId="4B9157ADF3EA59EB84466499E1679AE6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 161-216" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" docTitle="Asteroschema domogranulatum Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="68786758-AC50-415B-8835-1CCE871304E5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" masterDocTitle="Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1668151560559" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2719</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stoehr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-7239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9851</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1090</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>161</mods:start>
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<mods:end>216</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1090-161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194310896" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68786758-AC50-415B-8835-1CCE871304E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B9157ADF3EA59EB84466499E1679AE6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/68786758-AC50-415B-8835-1CCE871304E5" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema domogranulatum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="domogranulatum" status="sp. nov.">Asteroschema domogranulatum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="161">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-08-09" country="China" county="East of Zhongsha Islands" elevation="1742" latitude="16.3685" location="South" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="113.10017" municipality="Sea" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B9157ADF3EA59EB84466499E1679AE6:BE3F10885D6D889C9917B7124795526B" country="China" county="East of Zhongsha Islands" latitude="16.3685" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="113.10017" municipality="Sea" name="South">South</location>
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality>Sea</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>East of Zhongsha Islands</collectingCounty>
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, seamount;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="22.11" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.3685">16°22.11'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="6.01" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="113.10017">113°6.01'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7419999999999998" unit="m" value="1742.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7419999999999998" unit="m" value="1742.0">1742 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2020-08-09">09 Aug. 2020</collectingDate>
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; Collecting event: stn. SC028;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
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msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; IDSSE-EEB-SW0089.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" county="East of Zhongsha Islands" elevation="1742" latitude="16.3685" location="China" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="113.10017" municipality="Sea" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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; same data as for holotype; IDSSE-EEB-SW0090, IDSSE-EEB-SW0091
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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Radial shields straight, parallel, close together, and raised above the disc and arms (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4A</figureCitation>
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). Disc concealed by large polygonal, slightly domed granular ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4C</figureCitation>
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). Jaws elongated, apex covered with few granular ossicles, but distal half naked. Ventral disc covered with large polygonal plate-like ossicles but naked around distal half of jaws (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4E</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal and lateral surface of arms covered with plate-like or granular ossicles but dense only on few arms segments beyond the arm base (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4F-H</figureCitation>
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). Ventral surface of the arm naked except arm base (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4I-L</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema domogranulatum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema domogranulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW0089)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
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ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
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dorsal disc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
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lateral disc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
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ventral disc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
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dorsal arm (proximal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
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lateral arm (proximal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
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lateral arm (distal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
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ventral arm (base)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J, K</emphasis>
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ventral arm (proximal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
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ventral arm (middle)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">M, N</emphasis>
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arm spines (middle)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">O, P</emphasis>
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arm spines (distal). Abbreviations:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
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arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">arsb</emphasis>
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arm spine base,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">as</emphasis>
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adoral shield,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
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adoral shield spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
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genital slit,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
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inner arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
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jaw,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
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outer arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">po</emphasis>
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plate-like ossicle,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
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radial shields,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
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teeth,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
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tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
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); 1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C-G, K, L</emphasis>
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); 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H-J, M, N</emphasis>
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); 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">O, P</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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Disc diameter 9 mm, length of arms 165 mm, arm base width 2.8-3.0 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Disc star-shaped, pentagonal, raised high above the arms, incised interradially and swollen on radial shields (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disc concealed by dense, large, polygonal, slightly domed ossicles (three or four grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields bar-like, long, parallel, straight, adjacent pairs separated by narrow interradial disc, raised above the disc, and almost extending to center (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Domed ossicles on distal half of radial shields larger (two or three grains in 1 mm) than in center (four grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital slits narrow, vertical on interradii, dorsal half covered with ossicles similar to dorsal disc, ventral half similar to ventral disc (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaws elongated, apex covered with few granular ossicles, but distal half naked (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). At apex of jaw a bluntly pointed tooth, at lateral edges a few granules that resemble lateral oral papillae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral disc covered with large polygonal plate-like ossicles (three or four grains in 1 mm) except distal half of jaws (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral shields large but completely concealed by ossicles. Oral shields not discernible, and naked adoral shield spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Arms slender, arched at base, sub-cylindrical, increasingly cylindrical and narrower distalwards (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4F-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surface of arm base covered with large polygonal plate-like ossicles (three or four grains in 1 mm), then decreasing in size (five or six grains in 1 mm) and separated along the arm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4F-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral plate covered with granular or plate-like ossicles, larger than on dorsal surface, and continuing to near base of arm spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal half of arm laterally and dorsally covered with similar in size, separated granular ossicles (seven or eight grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral surface of arm base covered with polygonal plate-like ossicles (five or six grains in 1 mm), but after few arm segments from arm base completely naked (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4I-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacle pore at first arm segment without arm spine, but with small extended tube or sheath (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single arm spine from second arm segment with a second arm spine from nineteenth or twenty-second arm segment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4I-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine initially tapering to pointed thorny tip, middle half cylindrical, slightly club-shaped, one and a half arm segment in length, flattened, thorny (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4K-N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer arm spine half as long as inner spine in middle region, with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both arm spines similar in size at distal end, a compound hook with 3-6 secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4O, P</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In live specimen, light brown color (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology of one paratype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology of one paratype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
IDSSE-EEB-SW090: Lateral arm plate curved around vertebrae, with strong curved rib with one arm spine articular structure, with single, completely separated large muscle and nerve openings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A depression on inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In proximal and middle half of arm inner arm spine slightly swollen, flat, and thorny on distal arm. Outer arm spine nearly half the size of the inner one with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally, both spines changing into compound hook with secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm concealed by polygonal large granular or plate-like ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, with deep groove between proximal and distal end, dorsally a median longitudinal furrow, ventrally with deep median longitudinal groove containing lateral ambulacral canals, no oral bridge (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema domogranulatum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW0090)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm plate (external, internal)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (middle)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine (distal)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
|
||
vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
proximal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
distal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">de</emphasis>
|
||
depression,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
|
||
distal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
|
||
inner arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
|
||
lateral ambulacral canals,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
|
||
muscle opening,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
|
||
nerve opening,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
|
||
podial basin,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
|
||
proximal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
|
||
secondary teeth,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
|
||
ventral. Scale bars: 800
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B, D, E</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="paratypes variations">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Paratypes variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc diameter 6.5 and 8 mm, and both basically identical to holotype. However, the segment at which the second arm spine first appeared varied (14-20 free segments), but is considered intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">1742 m depth. Zhongsha Islands, the South China Sea. Attached to coral host.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The species name is derived from the Latin words
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">domus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning dome, and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning granulated, referring to the domed granular ossicles on the disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The here examined new species was collected on a deep-sea seamount, attached to an unidentified coral species. It concurs with the group that has domed and plate-like granular ossicles, in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This clade included only one species, prior to this study (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1980" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema igloo" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, 1980). Large polygonal plate-like ossicles were the most significant morphological character for delimiting most of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema domogranulatum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are similar in size according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="McKnight’s">McKnight's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description (8 mm disc diameter). Therefore, here we include a comprehensive morphological analysis to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as (see also Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
): in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. radial shields raised above the arms and disc, straight, parallel, with narrow gap, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distal ends of radial shields much wider apart, converging to center, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. polygonal granular ossicles on dorsal disc, in center smaller than at distal edge, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concealed by polygonal or rounded domed ossicles, and in center large, domed, rounded ossicles, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. teeth pointed but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventralmost one pointed and others blunt spearhead-shaped, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ventral disc covered with polygonal plate-like ossicles, and distal half of jaw naked but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
completely covered with compact polygonal or rounded domed ossicles, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. only dorsal and lateral surface covered with plate-like or granular ossicles, dense only on few arm segments from arm base, and naked ventral arm except arm base but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whole arm covered with dense, rounded or polygonal domed ossicles, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. inner arm spine slightly swollen, blunt, flattened, and outer arm spine with thorny pointed tip but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inner arm spine swollen, blunt, and outer arm spine with smooth pointed tip, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. start of first arm spine at second arm segment, and second arm spine at nineteenth or twenty-second arm segment but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. igloo" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first arm spine from third arm segment, and second arm spine starts at eighth or tenth arm segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">McKnight 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most significant morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. were the appearance of the radial shields, and the granulation of ventral disc and arms (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0089) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (proximal) H lateral arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J, K ventral arm (proximal) L ventral arm (middle) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, arsb arm spine base, as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, po plate-like ossicle, rs radial shields, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-G, K, L); 500 µm (H-J, M, N); 200 µm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665880" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |