167 lines
15 KiB
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167 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="47A1C538FE83EA7E715FCB979FE2F656" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax subternus Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="85C310CB-52E4-4042-9FF3-661479FBF112" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853627" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85C310CB-52E4-4042-9FF3-661479FBF112" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47A1C538FE83EA7E715FCB979FE2F656" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="134" pageNumber="135" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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(052)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/85C310CB-52E4-4042-9FF3-661479FBF112" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax subternus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subternus">Mecyclothorax subternus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="134" pageNumber="135">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 62F, 63E, 68B, 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 71
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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Individuals of this species (Fig. 68B) are nearly identical externally to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 68A), though the eyes tend to be larger and more convex; ocular ratio = 1.48-1.54, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.82, and the dorsal surface is less sculptured; 1, vertex, pronotal disc and median base, and elytral disc glossy, microsculpture obsolete; 2, elytral apex with shallow to obsolete transverse mesh, the surface glossy; 3, metasternum with shallow transverse-mesh microsculpture. The male aedeagal median lobe certifies the identification, as the apex terminates in a pointed tip (Fig. 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) instead of the broadly rounded apex of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 69). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.4-4.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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Figure 70. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis">Mecyclothorax ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax subternus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subternus">Mecyclothorax subternus</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa E rim, 880 m). A Right view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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Right and left views, sac everted D Ventral view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–I">E-I</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax flaviventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Mecyclothorax flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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E Right view (Kīpahulu, 1845 m) F Ventral view (Kīpahulu, 1845 m) G Right view, sac everted (Kīpahulu, 1845 m) H Right view (Kīpahulu, 1500 m) I Right view (Paliku, 1950m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="J–M">J-M</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax laetus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">Mecyclothorax laetus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
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Right and ventral views (Kīpahulu, 1900 m) L Right view (Kīpahulu, 1960 m) M Right view, sac everted (NW upper slope, 2072 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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(n = 5). The description of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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also serves for this species with the following substitutions. Pronotum slightly broader basally and more transverse than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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; MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.65, MPW/PL = 1.23-1.32. Pronotal lateral margin narrow, beaded, not wider at front angles. Discal elytral striae shallow between deep, rounded and nearly isolated punctures; discal elytral interval 2 slightly convex, intervals 3-4 nearly flat. Mesepisternum smooth, with 3-4 punctures arrayed in 1 row. Coloration pale (though single topotypic type series may include exclusively somewhat teneral individuals); vertex rufous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 brunneous; pronotal disc and margins pale rufous; elytral disc basally rufous, apically rufobrunneous, sutural interval basally rufoflavous, apically flavous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 mediobasally rufous, laterally and apically rufobrunneous; metafemur flavous with medial brunneous cloud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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); apex little extended beyond ostial opening, tip acutely pointed; median lobe symmetrical in ventral view, right margin broadly concave, left margin incurved to blunt tip which is on right side of apex (Fig. 70D); internal sac very broad basally, with oblong ventral ostial microtrichial patch on right side (Fig. 70B); flagellar plate very large, length 0.67
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a broad sac, length 1.23 mm, maximum breadth in apical half 0.65 mm, breadth at vagina 0.34 mm (Fig. 62F); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, middle seta of series largest, 8 smaller setae along medial margin (Fig. 63E); gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate tip, base with sinuous lateral extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.72
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
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Male (NMNH) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala Hana- / wi NAR Kuhiwa Vy. E rim / 9-VI-1999 lot 07 880 m el. /
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.773611">N20°46'25"</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-156.10112">W156°06'04"</geoCoordinate>
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/ D.A. Polhemus pyr. fog /
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
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//
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="subternus" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="subternus">subternus</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ #40 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="subternus" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="subternus">subternus</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="135" pageNumber="136" start="start">Paratypes</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Same data as holotype (BPBM, 2; CUIC, 3; NMNH, 5).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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The adjectival species epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="subternus" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="subternus">subternus</taxonomicName>
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, meaning that which is underneath (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, EC" journalOrPublisher="Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, IL" pageId="308" pageNumber="309" title="A Source-book of Biological Names and Terms" year="1955">Jaeger 1955</bibRefCitation>
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), signifies the geographical range of this species being at the lower elevational bounds of its closely related, and much more broadly distributed relative,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 71).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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Figure 71. Recorded geographic distributions of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis">Mecyclothorax ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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group species.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax subternus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subternus">Mecyclothorax subternus</taxonomicName>
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is known only from a single locality along the lower elevational limit of the range of its much more extensively distributed cryptic sibling species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mauiae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauiae">Mecyclothorax mauiae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 71). All 10 specimens of this species came from a single day of collecting on mossy
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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trunks and logs. The type locality in Kuhiwa Valley is extremely wet both due to precipitation but also due to the extensive rainwater runoff from the upper elevations of Kuhiwa Valley. Yearly rainfall at 871 m elevation in Kuhiwa Valley averaged 9.75 m from 1934-1941 (Stearns and McDonald 1942); the highest average total for any station in East Maui during those years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |