253 lines
36 KiB
XML
253 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="B76584B48568FE1EF62F49F395D0A709" ID-CLB-Dataset="9442" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da69a4c8-2962-4d6d-9abf-627b77bb9116" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297699" ID-ZooBank="574A35A5-A551-4A7E-B2BC-481D703B1BE7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606730333748" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baker, Austin J. & Heraty, John M." docDate="2020" docId="447187B9FFBFE562AAD1FA10AFA9FCC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4888.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4888 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Orasema tolteca" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="B848FFC1FF9CE547AA46FFDBAA34FFD9" masterDocTitle="The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698846931182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="51AD1FC6DFBFC72E77E6D7F199B99689">
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<mods:title id="9B2D54EFF285265707ACE8FC1C4C220E">The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="69AE8D0AEB3E2DE5753D384495EB67B0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A2D0F927836FA28685E637E18ACA3691">Baker, Austin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9CC9F9A73C6957D0482DEC8A7006BFF3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="434E9F9BE02EDE6714711A8F514F5360">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E2FD1836EFE2ABF96357B0721455E80">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DC1E972CBB2DF2FEB9253D94A7B0FEAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16A24A2771775663968AC27506DDDC9A">
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<mods:date id="3222C667C0242CAFEE2DD5E5110CB44A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22BB555B2F370647AE1F21EFC3242B0E">2020-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7C8790A87A1EA7977CAEE085764E4F2F">4888</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8B9CBE91CB25862AEA97BED0EE1A1FB9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="327CBF79CF38D0A632DB061FEC3A29CE" type="CLB-Dataset">9442</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB9D01A36DA17E68188EC9F3619578E2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="447187B9FFBFE562AAD1FA10AFA9FCC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170674539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4337829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FFBFE562AAD1FA10AFA9FCC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/447187B9FFBFE562AAD1FA10AFA9FCC6" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FFBFE564AAD1FA10A83FFA3C" box="[151,523,1482,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE564AAD1FA10A83FFA3C" blockId="35.[151,523,1482,1545]" box="[151,523,1482,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="972F81C3FFBFE564AAD1FA10A83FFA3C" bold="true" box="[151,523,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AAD1FA10A83FFA3C" bold="true" box="[151,523,1482,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFBFE564AAD1FA10AB68FA3C" ID-CoL="74RCF" box="[151,348,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AAD1FA10AB68FA3C" bold="true" box="[151,348,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Orasema tolteca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FFBFE564AAD1FA34ABFCF992" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE564AAD1FA34AB13F9D0" blockId="35.[151,523,1482,1545]" box="[151,295,1519,1545]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AAD9FA34AB14F9D0" box="[159,288,1519,1545]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStart-3="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="36.[151,250,1991,2015]" captionStartId-1="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionStartId-2="40.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-3="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,885,1967]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetBox-2="[281,1309,192,1906]" captionTargetBox-3="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-319@36.[151,1436,885,1967]" captionTargetId-1="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetId-2="figure-22@40.[266,1321,181,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId-0="36" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="40" captionTargetPageId-3="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Distribution map of species in the Orasema tolteca species group." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Immature stages of Orasema tolteca. A, planidium head, ventral; B, planidium habitus (dorsal left and ventral right); C, planidium habitus, lateral. D, pupa habitus, dorsolateral. Modified from Heraty (1990)." captionText-3="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297737" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297743" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4297737/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4297743/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 17–20</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE564AAD1F9E8ABFCF992" blockId="35.[151,456,1587,1612]" box="[151,456,1587,1612]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Established by
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<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFFBFE564AB74F9EFABF0F992" author="Heraty, J. M." box="[306,452,1587,1612]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="374 - 390" refId="ref62693" refString="Heraty, J. M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 374 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0374: PROOHE] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Heraty (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FFBFE564AAD1F9A2AFAFF8FA" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE564AAD1F9A2AFAFF8FA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1657,2008]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AAD1F9A2AB26F94A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1657,1683]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Recognized by the following combination of characters: generally large body size (among the largest of all
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFBFE564AAFDF945AB16F961" box="[187,290,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AAFDF945AB16F961" box="[187,290,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Orasema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), anterior margin of fore wing costal cell with bare area (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564A9ECF946AE27F96E" box="[938,1043,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
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), head with face flat and with relatively small eyes (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AB25F91AABFAF902" box="[355,462,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 18B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AB9CF91AA838F902" box="[474,524,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">20B</figureCitation>
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), antenna with 8 funiculars in females (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564A98EF91AAE00F902" box="[968,1076,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 18D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AE06F91AAE46F902" box="[1088,1138,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">20D</figureCitation>
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) and 9 funiculars in males (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AAD9F93EAB33F926" box="[159,263,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 18E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AB57F93EAB76F926" box="[273,322,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">20E</figureCitation>
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), mesoscutal midlobe not reticulate and sparsely setose (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564A9F5F93EAE22F926" box="[947,1046,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 18F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFBFE564AE67F93EAE64F926" box="[1057,1104,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">20F</figureCitation>
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), petiole cylindrical, postmarginal vein at most slightly longer than stigmal vein, and mesosoma relatively high, broad, and short longitudinally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FFBFE562AA81F8F6ABEAFDD5" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE564AA81F8F6AFA9F8B5" blockId="35.[151,1437,1657,2008]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AA81F8F6ABF7F89E" bold="true" box="[199,451,1837,1863]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description. Female.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="0B209B4AFFBFE564A86CF8F6A88DF891" box="[554,697,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="2.8">2.8–5.2 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564A88FF8F6A926F89E" bold="true" box="[713,786,1837,1863]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Color.</emphasis>
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Flagellum dark brown. Mandible, maxilla, and labium brown. Coxae iridescent green; tibiae yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation pale brown. Petiole same as mesosoma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFBFE563AAD1F8AEA969FC84" blockId="35.[151,1437,1657,2008]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,862]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFBFE564AAD1F8AEAAEAF856" bold="true" box="[151,222,1909,1935]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head.</emphasis>
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Head in frontal view subtriangular to broadly triangular; face reticulate often with elongate reticulations between the eye and scrobe; scrobal depression shallow, laterally rounded, with transverse striae; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus absent; eyes sparsely setose; malar depression weakly impressed between mouth and eye margin; supraclypeal area longer than broad, weakly reticulate; clypeus weakly reticulate; epistomal sulcus vaguely defined; anterior tentorial pit strongly impressed; anteclypeus distinct, straight. Mandibular formula 3:2; palpal formula 3:3. Occiput imbricate, shallowly emarginate in dorsal view, dorsal margin evenly rounded; temples present, rounded. Scape reaching median ocellus. Pedicle small and globose. Flagellum with 8 funiculars; anellus disc-shaped; funiculars subequal in length distally, successively shorter; clava subovate.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB8E563AEC8FEFCAF20FE98" bold="true" box="[1166,1300,295,321]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutal midlobe rugose-areolate to rugose reticulate, sparsely setose; lateral lobe costate dorsally, rugose laterally; notauli shallow. Axilla dorsally rounded, on roughly same plane as mesoscutellum; scutoscutellar sulcus broad, irregularly foveate, narrowly separated from transscutal articulation; mesoscutellar disc as long as broad, rugose; frenal line foveate; frenum areolate. Propodeal disc flat, without depression or carina; callus with a few small setae. Propleuron convex, strigate. Prepectus triangular dorsally, strongly narrowed ventrally. Mesepisternum reticulate laterally, areolate-reticulate anteriorly, broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa; postpectal carina prominent. Lower mesepimeron rugose-reticulate; transepimeral sulcus distinct. Metepisternum laterally rugose-reticulate. Hind coxa reticulate laterally, smooth ventrally; hind femur evenly covered with setae; hind tibia densely setose. Fore wing with basal area and speculum bare, costal cell mostly setose but with bare area near margin, wing disc densely setose; marginal fringe minute; submarginal vein with several long setae; marginal vein setose; stigma vein about as long as broad, slightly angled toward wing apex; postmarginal vein as long as stigma vein or slightly longer. Hind wing costal cell with broad, bare area.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB8E563ABDEFD0CA82FFD28" bold="true" box="[408,539,727,753]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiole cylindrical, linear in profile, anterior carina strong, lateral margin with longitudinal carina continuous with basal flange. Antecostal sulcus foveate; acrosternite posteriorly rounded; apical setae of hypopygium with one pair of setae much longer than the others. Ovipositor with subapical carina present; first (ventral) valvula with 10 or 11 small, closely-spaced teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="98A76627FFB8E563AAD1F81CA9F7F806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297737" box="[151,963,1991,2015]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297737/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1991,2015]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,1967]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB8E563AAD1F81CA9F7F806" blockId="36.[151,963,1991,2015]" box="[151,963,1991,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB8E563AAD1F81CAB2DF806" bold="true" box="[151,281,1991,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 17</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution map of species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB8E563A8C5F81CA91FF806" box="[643,811,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB8E563A8C5F81CA91FF806" box="[643,811,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Orasema tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB9E562AA81FF4CABA6FF0A" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,524]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AA81FF4CAB3FFF68" bold="true" box="[199,267,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFFB9E562AB21FF4DABC5FF68" box="[359,497,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.05" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Scape dark brown with green iridescence; flagellum with 9 funiculars; anellus discshaped. Tibiae yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB9E562AA81FF07ABEAFDD5" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,524]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AA81FF07AB46FF2F" bold="true" box="[199,370,220,246]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phylogenetics.</emphasis>
|
||
Both species of this group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A8F3FF07A911FF2F" box="[693,805,220,246]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A8F3FF07A911FF2F" box="[693,805,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A919FF07A9C4FF2F" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[863,1008,220,246]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castilloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A919FF07A9C4FF2F" box="[863,1008,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. castilloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are represented in the analyses from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFFB9E562AAD1FF24AB46FEC0" author="Baker, A. J. & Heraty, J. M. & Mottern, J. & Zhang, J. & Hines, H. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M." box="[151,370,255,281]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref61587" refString="Baker, A. J., Heraty, J. M., Mottern, J., Zhang, J., Hines, H. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. (2020) Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts. Systematic Entomology, 45, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12371" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Baker
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AAA5FF24AB22FEC0" box="[227,278,255,281]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which were referred to as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A8F3FF24A92FFEC0" box="[693,795,255,281]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orasema</taxonomicName>
|
||
_tolteca_
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFFB9E562A9C2FF24A9F7FEC0" box="[900,963,255,281]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MEX</collectingCountry>
|
||
_D4718” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AE2CFF24AEE4FEC0" box="[1130,1232,255,281]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orasema</taxonomicName>
|
||
_nr_tolteca_
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFFB9E562AF26FF24AFADFEC0" box="[1376,1433,255,281]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AZ_AE_D41 33”, respectively. These two species are sister groups in all analyses with AHE sequence data and were treated as part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AB97FE9FA80AFE87" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[465,574,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AB97FE9FA80AFE87" box="[465,574,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group despite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A901FE9FA98CFE87" box="[839,952,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A901FE9FA98CFE87" box="[839,952,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being treated as its own group by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFFB9E562AF16FE9EAAD1FE58" author="Heraty, J. M." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="374 - 390" refId="ref62693" refString="Heraty, J. M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 374 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0374: PROOHE] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Heraty (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In molecular analyses they rendered the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A902FEBCA985FE58" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[836,945,359,385]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A902FEBCA985FE58" box="[836,945,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species paraphyletic by being more closely related to Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AB80FE52A807FE7A" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[454,563,393,419]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AB80FE52A807FE7A" box="[454,563,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group than the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A934FE52A9EBFE7A" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[882,991,393,419]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A934FE52A9EBFE7A" box="[882,991,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. We treat the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AE80FE52AF26FE7A" box="[1222,1298,393,419]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AE80FE52AF26FE7A" box="[1222,1298,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group independently here, but to maintain a cladistic classification, we recognize and revise the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AE1EFE77AE9BFE1F" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1112,1199,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heacoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AE1EFE77AE9BFE1F" box="[1112,1199,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">heacoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and recognize the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AB0CFE14ABA4FE31" authorityName="Gemignani" authorityYear="1937" box="[330,400,463,488]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vianai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AB0CFE14ABA4FE31" box="[330,400,463,488]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">vianai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group for future revisionary work. The split between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562A9A4FE14AE7BFE30" box="[994,1103,463,489]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562A9A4FE14AE7BFE30" box="[994,1103,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AEC2FE14AF26FE30" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1156,1298,463,489]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castilloae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AEC2FE14AF26FE30" box="[1156,1298,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. castilloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is estimated to have occurred 5–15 MYA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FFB9E562AAD1FD82AFA9FCC6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB9E562AAD1FD82A924FDAA" blockId="37.[151,784,601,628]" box="[151,784,601,628]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AAD1FD82A924FDAA" bold="true" box="[151,784,601,628]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Key to species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562ABDBFD82A855FDAD" ID-CoL="74RCF" box="[413,609,601,628]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562ABDBFD82A855FDAD" bold="true" box="[413,609,601,628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Orasema tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="772C2E0AFFB9E562AAD1FD79AFA9FCC6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<key id="B849619EFFB9E562AAD1FD79AFA9FCC6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB9E562AAD1FD79AFA8FD03" blockId="37.[151,1437,674,800]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFFB9E562AAD1FD79AFA8FD03" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AAD1FD79AA9FFD61" bold="true" box="[151,171,674,696]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum with 4–6 digits; hind femur with dark iridescent patch from base along at least 3/4 of length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFB9E562AEF0FD79AF25FD61" box="[1206,1297,674,696]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Orasema tolteca. Syntype female (UCRCENT00318645): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00417437): E, antenna. Female (UCRCENT00478756): H, fore wing costal cell, arrow indicating bare anterior area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297745/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
); male FL:HH = 2.1–2.6 (central to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFFB9E562A842FD1EA87BFD02" box="[516,591,709,731]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
)...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AEF9FD1EAFA8FD03" ID-CoL="74RCF" authority="Mann" authorityName="Mann" box="[1215,1436,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AEF9FD1EAF6AFD03" box="[1215,1374,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Orasema tolteca</emphasis>
|
||
Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFFB9E562AAD1FD33AFA9FCC6" blockId="37.[151,1437,674,800]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFFB9E562AAD1FD33AFA9FCC6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AAD1FD33AAABFD24" bold="true" box="[151,159,744,765]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">-</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum always with 4 digits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFB9E562A84FFD33A856FD27" box="[521,610,744,766]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind femur light-colored near base and with dark iridescent patch along 2/3 length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFFB9E562AAAFFCD1AB76FCF9" box="[233,322,778,800]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,450,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-148@38.[151,1436,445,1893]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Orasema castilloae. Holotype female (UCRCENT00412574): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral, arrow indicating presence of anterior prepectal carina; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype male (UCRCENT00416866): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297739/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
); male FL:HH = 1.8–2.0 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFFB9E562A87AFCD1A8BEFCF9" box="[572,650,778,800]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: SO;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFFB9E562A8F9FCD1A977FCC6" box="[703,835,778,800]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AZ).........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFFB9E562AEE3FCD0AF54FCC6" authority="Baker & Heraty, 2020" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1189,1376,778,800]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castilloae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AEE3FCD0AF54FCC6" box="[1189,1376,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Orasema castilloae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFFB9E562AF20FCD1AFA9FCC6" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,778,799]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59F57C6FFB9E562AF20FCD1AFA9FCC6" box="[1382,1437,778,799]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |