351 lines
48 KiB
XML
351 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="152C4E1DC66769022FA445A9E7A57310" ID-CLB-Dataset="9442" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da69a4c8-2962-4d6d-9abf-627b77bb9116" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297699" ID-ZooBank="574A35A5-A551-4A7E-B2BC-481D703B1BE7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606730333748" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baker, Austin J. & Heraty, John M." docDate="2020" docId="447187B9FF97E54AAAD1FBB7AFA8FB75" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4888.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4888 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Orasema coloradensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="B848FFC1FF9CE547AA46FFDBAA34FFD9" masterDocTitle="The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698846931182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DFCF555A1EE134DF02E7AF9A5E061497">
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<mods:title id="796A8D383DC030266103EF3040E15F3B">The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9530612F0298D96F6FCD7B9394A78789">Baker, Austin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A993BBB79B417F42E113AFE846CCC3FB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4658D054D9CEDBF88B3BC4809DAC3F2B">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C3468D92F8D2C4B76FC0EB6AE615D605">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9AD39F7E0DB1B3ABC37577F112C83EB">
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<mods:date id="57C5619243E2BF752C240A6186E42D75">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61CC8D19010A119943B9F869145438C0">2020-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3372C775509B0D03CD6E1DF5F0C49FA4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="447187B9FF97E54AAAD1FBB7AFA8FB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337821" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170674559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4337821" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF97E54AAAD1FBB7AFA8FB75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/447187B9FF97E54AAAD1FBB7AFA8FB75" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF97E54CAAD1FBB7A866FB5F" box="[151,594,1131,1158]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAAD1FBB7A866FB5F" blockId="11.[151,594,1131,1193]" box="[151,594,1131,1158]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="972F81C3FF97E54CAAD1FBB7A866FB5F" bold="true" box="[151,594,1131,1158]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAAD1FBB7A866FB5F" bold="true" box="[151,594,1131,1158]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF97E54CAAD1FBB7AB90FB5F" ID-CoL="753B8" box="[151,420,1131,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAAD1FBB7AB90FB5F" bold="true" box="[151,420,1131,1158]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF97E54CAAD1FB55ABFCFB37" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAAD1FB55AB2DFB70" blockId="11.[151,594,1131,1193]" box="[151,281,1166,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAAD9FB55AB25FB70" box="[159,273,1166,1193]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStart-5="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1771,1795]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,250,1772,1796]" captionStartId-4="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionStartId-5="21.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1747]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetBox-3="[156,1431,295,1733]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetBox-5="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@12.[151,1436,181,1747]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetId-2="figure-296@16.[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetId-3="figure-59@18.[151,1436,290,1738]" captionTargetId-4="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionTargetPageId-5="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Distribution map of species in the Orasema coloradensis species group." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female Orasema coloradensis and O. violacea. All specimens scaled proportionately. A, O. coloradensis Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021); B, O. violacea holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);C,O.coloradensisfromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);D,O.coloradensisfromTexas(UCRCENT00320732); E, O. coloradensis from Texas (UCRCENT00397223); F, O. coloradensis from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500); G, O. coloradensis from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400); H, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00411745); I, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00139590); J, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00404257)." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Orasema iridescens. Holotype female (UCRCENT00320816): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype female (UCRCENT00320829): D, antenna. Paratype male (UCRCENT00320835): E, antenna." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." captionText-5="FIGURE 10. Orasema violacea. Female (UCRCENT00411756): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00248390): E, antenna." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297711" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297719" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297723" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4297711/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4297719/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4297723/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAAD1FB0DABFCFB37" blockId="11.[151,456,1238,1262]" box="[151,456,1238,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Established by
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<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF97E54CAB74FB0DABF0FB37" author="Heraty, J. M." box="[306,452,1238,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="374 - 390" refId="ref62693" refString="Heraty, J. M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 374 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0374: PROOHE] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Heraty (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF97E54CAAD1FAC2AE26FA38" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAAD1FAC2AF4AFA45" blockId="11.[151,1437,1305,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAAD1FAC2AB26FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1305,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Recognized by the following combination of characters: head and mesosoma with a moderate to dense amount of setation (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAB3DFAE7ABCFFA8F" box="[379,507,1340,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6B, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CA84EFAE7A87AFA8F" box="[520,590,1340,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9B, C</figureCitation>
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), mesoscutal midlobe transversely costate (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAE7AFAE7AEA5FA8E" box="[1084,1169,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
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) to imbricate (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAF7DFAE7AFA0FA8F" box="[1339,1428,1340,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
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) or areolate (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAB59FA85ABB7FAA0" box="[287,387,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Orasema violacea. Female (UCRCENT00411756): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00248390): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297723/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
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), frenum in dorsal view elongate (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CA941FA85A955FAA0" box="[775,865,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
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), head subquadrate (length approximately equal to width) and with 4–6 labral digits (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CA853FA5AA858FA45" box="[533,620,1409,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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), mandibular formula 3:2, and antenna with 7 funiculars (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF97E54CAEB5FA5AAF45FA45" box="[1267,1393,1409,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6D, E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAAD1FA7FAE26FA38" blockId="11.[151,1437,1305,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">While this group is easily recognized among other Nearctic taxa, the most distinctive features (setation and sculpture) are homoplastic when compared to some Neotropical and Old World taxa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF97E54AAA81FA32ABBBFEC4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAA81FA32AE69F859" blockId="11.[151,1437,1305,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAA81FA32AB8BF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,447,1513,1539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description. Female.</emphasis>
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Length 2.4–4.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CA8F3FA32A8CAF9DA" bold="true" box="[693,766,1513,1539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color.</emphasis>
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Mandible, maxilla, and labium brown. Wing venation pale brown.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAAAAF9D7AB07F9FF" bold="true" box="[236,307,1548,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head.</emphasis>
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Head in frontal view subquadrate; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus absent; malar depression weakly impressed adjacent to mouth; clypeus smooth with shallow punctures; epistomal sulcus distinct; anterior tentorial pit strongly impressed; anteclypeus distinct, nearly straight. Mandibular formula 3:2; palpal formula 3:2. Occiput imbricate, shallowly emarginate in dorsal view; temples absent. Scape not reaching median ocellus. Flagellum with 7 funiculars; anellus disc-shaped; funiculars subequal in length distally, equal in width; clava subovate.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAA90F962AB6FF90A" bold="true" box="[214,347,1721,1747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
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Notauli deep. Mesoscutellar disc as long as broad. Propleuron convex. Mesepisternum broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa; postpectal carina weak. Hind femur evenly covered with short, dense setae. Fore wing basal area and speculum bare, costal cell and wing disc densely setose; marginal fringe relatively long; submarginal vein with several long setae; marginal vein with minute setae; stigmal vein slightly longer than broad, slightly angled toward wing apex. Hind wing costal cell with one or two irregular rows of setae.
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAE16F89FAEE0F887" bold="true" box="[1104,1236,1860,1886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Metasoma.</emphasis>
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Antecostal sulcus foveate; acrosternite posteriorly rounded; apical setae of hypopygium present, minute.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF97E54CAA81F852A977F811" blockId="11.[151,1437,1305,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF97E54CAA81F852AB3FF87A" bold="true" box="[199,267,1929,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFF97E54CAB21F852ABC4F87D" box="[359,496,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Without significant dimorphism except for slight differences in petiole length (male is longer and thinner than female) and a much smaller gaster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="98A76627FF90E54BAAD1F930A9C7F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297711" box="[151,1011,1771,1796]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1771,1795]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1747]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF90E54BAAD1F930A9C7F8DD" blockId="12.[151,1011,1771,1796]" box="[151,1011,1771,1796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BAAD1F930AB39F8DA" bold="true" box="[151,269,1771,1795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution map of species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA830F937A96FF8DA" box="[630,859,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA830F937A96FF8DA" box="[630,859,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF90E54AAA81F8EAABBBFEC4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1841,2012]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BAA81F8EAAB46F892" bold="true" box="[199,370,1841,1867]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phylogenetics.</emphasis>
|
||
All species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA831F8EAA932F892" box="[631,774,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA831F8EAA932F892" box="[631,774,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA9EEF8E9AE1EF892" box="[936,1066,1841,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA9EEF8E9AE1EF892" box="[936,1066,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been molecularly sampled. Analyses using a few ribosomal and mitochondrial Sanger-sequenced loci, many Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) Illumina-sequenced loci, and a combination of both datasets resulted in a South American clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BAF7DF8A1AAE0F86E" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BAF7DF8A1AAE0F86E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. iridescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) sister to a North American clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA811F845A933F86E" box="[599,775,1949,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA811F845A933F86E" box="[599,775,1949,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA965F845A9A4F86E" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[803,912,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA965F845A9A4F86E" box="[803,912,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. scaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF90E54BA9E1F846AE58F86E" author="Baker, A. J. & Heraty, J. M. & Mottern, J. & Zhang, J. & Hines, H. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M." box="[935,1132,1949,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref61587" refString="Baker, A. J., Heraty, J. M., Mottern, J., Zhang, J., Hines, H. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. (2020) Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts. Systematic Entomology, 45, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12371" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Baker
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA9B4F845AE1DF86E" box="[1010,1065,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Monophyly of each of the three sampled species has been confirmed, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF90E54BA8F8F819A944F802" box="[702,880,1985,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF90E54BA8F8F819A944F802" box="[702,880,1985,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thoroughly sampled across its geographic range, including specimens from Colorado, Idaho, Texas, Maryland, Florida, and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF91E54AAE34FF4CAEFFFF68" box="[1138,1227,151,177]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the crown age for this species is estimated to be about 2–5 MY (varying between analyses) with an average of 5.3% sequence variation between AHE-sequenced specimens. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA8E3FF04A900FF20" box="[677,820,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA8E3FF04A900FF20" box="[677,820,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group is sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAEC3FF04AED6FF20" box="[1157,1250,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sixaolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAEC3FF04AED6FF20" box="[1157,1250,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sixaolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAD1FED8AB19FEC5" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,301,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monstrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FED8AB19FEC5" box="[151,301,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. monstrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAB7AFED8AB4AFEC4" box="[316,382,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,815,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-366@4.[167,1421,810,1877]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Time tree summarizing phylogenetic relationships of Orasema from Baker et al. (2020), with species groups collapsed. Support values show bootstrap support for the AHE-only maximum likelihood analysis followed by the combined AHE + Sanger maximum likelihood analysis. Time scale is calibrated in millions of years. Species groups or species being revised herein are denoted with asterisks." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297702/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAA81FEFDAE21FCCC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAA81FEFDAE21FCCC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAA81FEFDAB78FE99" bold="true" box="[199,332,294,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Three trips were made to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AA834FEFCA886FE98" box="[626,690,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
in 2013, 2015, and 2017 to collect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE79FEFCAEC4FE98" box="[1087,1264,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE79FEFCAEC4FE98" box="[1087,1264,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAF61FEFCAFA1FE99" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1319,1429,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF61FEFCAFA1FE99" box="[1319,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. scaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB81FE90A84DFEBC" box="[455,633,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB81FE90A84DFEBC" box="[455,633,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected among all three trips. Two additional trips were made to Hallelujah Junction, CA (near Reno,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AA874FEB4A8BDFE53" box="[562,649,367,394]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to collect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA942FEB4A945FE51" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[772,881,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA942FEB4A945FE51" box="[772,881,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. scaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but no specimens were found. Two trips to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AAF1DFEB4AFA8FE50" box="[1371,1436,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
to collect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB4CFE48AB89FE74" box="[266,445,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB4CFE48AB89FE74" box="[266,445,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 2014 and 2015 resulted in collecting several other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE96FE48AF2CFE74" box="[1232,1304,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE96FE48AF2CFE74" box="[1232,1304,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAF6EFE48AFA1FE74" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[1320,1429,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF6EFE48AFA1FE74" box="[1320,1429,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAA8EFE6CAB0EFE08" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1940" box="[200,314,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulatrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAA8EFE6CAB0EFE08" box="[200,314,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">simulatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups but no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AABA3FE6CA8A3FE08" box="[485,663,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AABA3FE6CA8A3FE08" box="[485,663,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Contrary to the other trips, collecting in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AAE29FE6CAEF4FE08" box="[1135,1216,439,465]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
in 2014 resulted in an abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB11FE00A83CFE2C" box="[343,520,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB11FE00A83CFE2C" box="[343,520,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from multiple localities; however, no specimens that can be attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAF2FE24AB02FDC0" box="[180,310,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAF2FE24AB02FDC0" box="[180,310,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected since 1980. Low rates of collecting success in more arid locations has led us to consider the following hypotheses: 1) these species are highly ephemeral, possibly only emerging as adults for a few days at a time, making targeted collecting difficult; or 2) these species are locally extinct or in very low densities, possibly due to changes in ant fauna as a result of the spread of invasive ant species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE96FDB0AAEFFD70" authority="Buren" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE96FDB0AFA8FD5D" box="[1232,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solenopsis invicta</emphasis>
|
||
Buren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB57FD54A82FFD71" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[273,539,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB57FD54A82FFD71" box="[273,539,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA81DFD54A85BFD70" box="[603,623,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF91E54AA83BFD54A947FD70" author="Chien, I. & Heraty, J. M." box="[637,883,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref62091" refString="Chien, I. & Heraty, J. M. (2018) Come and gone: Description of a new species of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera) attacking Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixx 012" type="journal article" year="2018">Chien & Heraty 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While collecting in Hells Gate State Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AAF1AFD54AFA8FD70" box="[1372,1436,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
in 2013, James Johnson commented that the dominant ant in the area,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA9F2FD68AE77FD15" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[948,1091,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA9F2FD68AE77FD15" box="[948,1091,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was not present when he was collecting in the 1980s, while the once-abundant proposed ant associate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA99DFD0CAE9BFD28" authorityName="Creighton" authorityYear="1940" box="[987,1199,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA99DFD0CAE9BFD28" box="[987,1199,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Formica subnitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was now extremely rare, and the host plant, gray rabbitbrush, was now largely absent from the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAAD1FCBCAFA8FB75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FCBCA96CFC58" blockId="13.[151,856,870,897]" box="[151,856,870,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FCBCA96CFC58" bold="true" box="[151,856,870,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Key to species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AABDBFCBCA89DFC58" ID-CoL="753B8" box="[413,681,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AABDBFCBCA89DFC58" bold="true" box="[413,681,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="B849619EFF91E54AAAD1FC70AFA8FB75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyStep id="772C2E0AFF91E54AAAD1FC70AFA8FC22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FC70AFA9FC07" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FC70AFA9FC07" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FC70AA9FFC18" bold="true" box="[151,171,939,961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Legs with four tarsomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AABB7FC77A80AFC1B" box="[497,574,940,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
); labrum with 4–11 (usually 6 or 7), often irregularly shaped digits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAEA4FC77AF19FC1B" box="[1250,1325,940,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Orasema scaura. Holotype female (UCRCENT00407525): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; G, mesosoma, dorsal; H, propodeum, posterior. Female (UCRCENT00407508): E, tarsus. Paratype female (UCRCENT00407506): F, labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297721/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
); flagellum length shorter than height of the head (western Nearctic).....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE87FC12AF54FC06" authority="Baker & Heraty, 2020" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1217,1376,969,991]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaura" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE87FC12AF54FC06" box="[1217,1376,969,991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema scaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF20FC12AFA9FC07" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,969,990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59F57C6FF91E54AAF20FC12AFA9FC07" box="[1382,1437,969,990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FC3DAFA8FC22" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" box="[151,1436,998,1020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FC3DAFA8FC22" box="[151,1436,998,1020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FC3DAAABFC22" bold="true" box="[151,159,998,1019]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
|
||
Legs with five tarsomeres; labrum with 4 symmetrical digits; flagellum length as long as or longer than height of head.....
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAFD6FC3DAFA8FC22" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,998,1019]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="772C2E0AFF91E54AAAD1FBD8AFA8FBA9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FBD8AFA9FBEF" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FBD8AFA9FBEF" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FBD8AA9FFBC0" bold="true" box="[151,171,1027,1049]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes bare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAB16FBDFABA8FBC3" box="[336,412,1028,1050]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,295,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-59@18.[151,1436,290,1738]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Orasema iridescens. Holotype female (UCRCENT00320816): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Paratype female (UCRCENT00320829): D, antenna. Paratype male (UCRCENT00320835): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297719/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); F2L:F2W = 2.0–2.5 (female), 2.1–2.3 (male); PTL:PTW = 2.1–3.0 (female), 3.4–4.2 (male) (Neotropical)............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAEE7FBFAAF54FBEF" authority="Baker & Heraty, 2020" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1185,1376,1057,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAEE7FBFAAF54FBEF" box="[1185,1376,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema iridescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF20FBFAAFA9FBEF" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1057,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59F57C6FF91E54AAF20FBFAAFA9FBEF" box="[1382,1437,1057,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FBE5AFA8FBA9" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FBE5AFA8FBA9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FBE5AAABFB8A" bold="true" box="[151,159,1086,1107]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes with sparse to moderate setation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AA81CFBE5A89DFB8D" box="[602,681,1086,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AA8F5FBE5A8EAFB8D" box="[691,734,1086,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Orasema violacea. Female (UCRCENT00411756): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00248390): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297723/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
); F2L:F2W = 1.3–2.0 (female), 1.3–2.2 (male); PTL:PTW = 0.9–2.0 (female), 2.2–3.3 (male)..................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAFD6FB80AFA8FBA9" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1115,1136]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="772C2E0AFF91E54AAAD1FBA2AFA8FB75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FBA2AFA9FB56" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" box="[151,1437,1145,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FBA2AFA9FB56" box="[151,1437,1145,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FBA2AA9FFB56" bold="true" box="[151,171,1145,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutal midlobe coarsely areolate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AA81FFBA2A898FB56" box="[601,684,1145,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Orasema violacea. Female (UCRCENT00411756): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal; G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00248390): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297723/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF91E54AA8F9FBA2A971FB57" box="[703,837,1145,1167]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: FL)........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAEC8FBA2AFA9FB56" ID-CoL="74RCD" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[1166,1437,1145,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAEC8FBA2AF09FB57" box="[1166,1341,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema violacea</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FB4DAFA8FB75" blockId="13.[151,1437,939,1196]" box="[151,1436,1174,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="7729959AFF91E54AAAD1FB4DAFA8FB75" box="[151,1436,1174,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FB4DAAABFB72" bold="true" box="[151,159,1174,1195]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutal midlobe transversely costate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AA832FB4DA88FFB75" box="[628,699,1174,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) (widespread Nearctic).................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE2BFB4CAFA8FB75" ID-CoL="753B8" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" box="[1133,1436,1174,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE2BFB4CAF72FB72" box="[1133,1350,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
Wheeler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |