773 lines
90 KiB
XML
773 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="C844D5848DAC750BD11183083C9ACF55" ID-CLB-Dataset="9442" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da69a4c8-2962-4d6d-9abf-627b77bb9116" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297699" ID-ZooBank="574A35A5-A551-4A7E-B2BC-481D703B1BE7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606730333748" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baker, Austin J. & Heraty, John M." docDate="2020" docId="447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4888.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4888 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Orasema coloradensis Wheeler" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="B848FFC1FF9CE547AA46FFDBAA34FFD9" masterDocTitle="The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698846931182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9A50E6F3463B6C4C48D26CA8F38F571B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CC43D5886BBF73091D8BE9DA22999980">
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<mods:title id="E91642EFD984DAAF17103D5FE53FE8D5">The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="93E2751060F061DFFB812743A5F9810C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5A8CECE2B86B1B11F773005BCCABFE8E">Baker, Austin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="78D49AD79FBF60AD3AC9525AE285B702" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C628D9B3A45A49DB550AA533752132F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1252C493224FAF9B723AA7698CF53FCD">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FE1C5A9EB1EC316CE8C91B2A5017832D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CEFD9941080EC75CBE77957E7D172813">
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<mods:title id="89587194979A1A7577F4DB08D31700A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5CA869EF81C3198A03C967B36757F0C5">
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<mods:date id="B977E25710706665163CBA8768AD63E8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F8D628E6BB5BAABF02739FA02E39D8CD">2020-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A4D2FB798E0D2D2482F64A658F6EB17E">4888</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FE00EA5BE905339D41E777CD91308F9A" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="E3B61B2A94353F743F485329C56AC10B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DD328C259E062872C29EF0C82A91F8FD" type="CLB-Dataset">9442</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A243CE2557B2508706E4A6B8F9773F49" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4888.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337825" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170674561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4337825" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAAD1FB24A9EDFAE4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FB24A820FAC0" blockId="13.[151,985,1278,1377]" box="[151,532,1278,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="972F81C3FF91E54AAAD1FB24A820FAC0" bold="true" box="[151,532,1278,1305]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAD1FB24A820FAC0" ID-CoL="753B8" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,532,1278,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FB24A820FAC0" bold="true" box="[151,532,1278,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FB24AB90FAC0" bold="true" box="[151,420,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
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Wheeler
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FAF9A9EDFAE4" blockId="13.[151,985,1278,1377]" box="[151,985,1314,1341]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<uri id="B8493AADFF91E54AAAD1FAF9A9EDFAE4" box="[151,985,1314,1341]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="B87E0C7AFF91E54AABECFAF9A9EDFAE4" box="[426,985,1314,1341]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F03B755A-8EBA-4460-8F1D-ABD815B26DA5</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAAD1FA9CAB3FFAB8" box="[151,267,1351,1377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FA9CAB3FFAB8" blockId="13.[151,985,1278,1377]" box="[151,267,1351,1377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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(
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAAD9FA9CAADCFAB8" box="[159,232,1351,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAAB2FA9CAB37FAB8" box="[244,259,1351,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@16.[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female Orasema coloradensis and O. violacea. All specimens scaled proportionately. A, O. coloradensis Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021); B, O. violacea holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);C,O.coloradensisfromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);D,O.coloradensisfromTexas(UCRCENT00320732); E, O. coloradensis from Texas (UCRCENT00397223); F, O. coloradensis from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500); G, O. coloradensis from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400); H, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00411745); I, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00139590); J, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00404257)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAAD1FA57A9D9FA1B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FA57A851FA7A" blockId="13.[151,1005,1419,1474]" box="[151,613,1419,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ECC81181FF91E54AAAD1FA57A851FA7A" box="[151,613,1419,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitation id="4D7910BEFF91E54AAAD1FA57A855FA7A" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[151,609,1419,1443]" page="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAD1FA57A855FA7A" ID-CoL="753B8" authority="Wheeler 1907: 12 - 14" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="12 - 14" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,609,1419,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FA57AB4FFA7A" box="[151,379,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF91E54AABC4FA50A855FA7A" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[386,609,1419,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler 1907: 12–14</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FA71A9D9FA1B" blockId="13.[151,1005,1419,1474]" box="[151,1005,1450,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ECC81181FF91E54AAAD1FA71A9D9FA1B" box="[151,1005,1450,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAD1FA71AB4FFA1B" ID-CoL="753B8" authority="Gahan 1940" box="[151,379,1450,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FA71AB4FFA1B" box="[151,379,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="4D7910BEFF91E54AABCFFA71A859FA1B" author="Gahan, A. B." box="[393,621,1450,1474]" page="441" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1940">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF91E54AABCFFA71A859FA1B" author="Gahan, A. B." box="[393,621,1450,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="425 - 458" refId="ref62310" refString="Gahan, A. B. (1940) A contribution to the knowledge of the Eucharidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 425 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3086.425" type="journal article" year="1940">Gahan 1940: 441–442</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Redescription and identification key.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E54AAAD1FA2BABFDF8F2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAAD1FA2BAF1FF942" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAD1FA2BAB26F9D3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1520,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB5FFA2BA822F9D3" box="[281,534,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB5FFA2BA822F9D3" box="[281,534,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is by far the most widespread and morphologically variable species in the
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAF25FA2BAAC2F9F7" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF25FA2BAAC2F9F7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group. It can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA8B6F9CFA96BF9F7" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[752,863,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaura">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA8B6F9CFA96BF9F7" box="[752,863,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. scaura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of five tarsomeres, a symmetrical labrum with four digits, and the flagellum being as long as or longer than the height of the head. It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAA93F987AB5DF9AF" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[213,361,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAA93F987AB5DF9AF" box="[213,361,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. iridescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a shorter female petiole (PTL:PTW = 1.0–2.0
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA9D0F986A9EAF9AF" box="[918,990,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">versus</emphasis>
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2.1–3.0 in
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAE1AF987AEC4F9AF" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[1116,1264,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAE1AF987AEC4F9AF" box="[1116,1264,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. iridescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), shorter/wider antennae (female F2L:F2W = 1.4–2.0
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA803F95AA8B9F943" box="[581,653,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">versus</emphasis>
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2.0–
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<quantity id="0B209B4AFF91E54AA883F95BA930F943" box="[709,772,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="2.5">2.5 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA94DF95BA9ABF943" authorityName="Baker & Heraty" authorityYear="2020" box="[779,927,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA94DF95BA9ABF943" box="[779,927,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. iridescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and having setose eyes (
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<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAE83F95BAF2AF942" box="[1221,1310,1664,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E54AAA81F97FABFDF8F2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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This species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AA863F97FA893F967" box="[549,679,1700,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA863F97FA893F967" box="[549,679,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. violacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially for some specimens collected in
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<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AAEE6F97FAEC5F967" box="[1184,1265,1700,1726]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Florida</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF91E54AAF6FF97EAF59F966" box="[1321,1389,1701,1727]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Texas</collectingRegion>
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, but is recognized by the finer, more costate sculpture on the mesoscutal midlobe compared to the coarsely areolate sculpture in
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAB64F937AB90F8DF" box="[290,420,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAB64F937AB90F8DF" box="[290,420,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. violacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AABF4F937A84BF8DF" box="[434,639,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AABF4F937A84BF8DF" box="[434,639,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orasema violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also tends to have a larger body size than many, but not all, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF91E54AAAF0F8CBAB53F8F3" box="[182,359,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAAF0F8CBAB53F8F3" box="[182,359,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAB30F8CBAB8FF8F2" box="[374,443,1808,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@16.[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female Orasema coloradensis and O. violacea. All specimens scaled proportionately. A, O. coloradensis Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021); B, O. violacea holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);C,O.coloradensisfromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);D,O.coloradensisfromTexas(UCRCENT00320732); E, O. coloradensis from Texas (UCRCENT00397223); F, O. coloradensis from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500); G, O. coloradensis from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400); H, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00411745); I, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00139590); J, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00404257)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF91E549AA81F8EFA89EFBC8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF91E549AA81F8EFAF0DFD70" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,2015]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAA81F8EFAB8BF897" bold="true" box="[199,447,1844,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description. Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFF91E54AA859F8EFA893F896" box="[543,679,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AA8F1F8EFA927F896" box="[695,787,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AA96EF8EFA945F897" bold="true" box="[808,881,1844,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma a wide range of colors, but typically blue, green, or both. Scape, pedicel, anellus, and flagellum brown. Coxae iridescent blue-green; femora mostly dark brown with iridescent reflections, tips pale; tibiae pale brown. Gaster same color as mesosoma.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF91E54AAF1AF8A7AFA8F84F" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,1916,1942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF91E54AAAE6F87BAACEF862" box="[160,250,1952,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). HW:HH = 1.1–1.3; face imbricate; eyes sparsely setose, IOD:EH = 1.5–1.7; MS:EH = 0.7–0.9; supraclypeal area as long as broad, equal to length of clypeus, smooth with shallow punctures. Labrum with 4 symmetrical digits. Occiput with dorsal margin rounded. Pedicel globose, as broad as F1. FL:HH = 1.0–1.4, F2L:F2W = 1.4–2.0, F2L:F3L = 1.2–1.8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF92E549AB3DFF60ABE0FF0F" box="[379,468,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABA1FF60A851FF0C" bold="true" box="[487,613,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF92E549A832FF60A8DDFF0C" box="[628,745,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). ML:MH = 1.3–1.6. Mesoscutal midlobe transversely costate to areolate, densely setose; lateral lobe smooth to weakly imbricate. Axilla weakly sculptured, dorsally broadly rounded, with dorsal margin above dorsal margin of mesoscutellum; scutoscutellar sulcus narrow, regularly foveate, and broadly separated from transscutal articulation by deep foveae; mesoscutellar disc costate to areolate; frenal line regularly foveate; frenum weakly sculptured; axillular sulcus indicated by a weak longitudinal carina; axillula costate. Propodeal disc broadly rounded, without depression or carina, areolate-reticulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF92E549AED4FEB4AED9FE53" box="[1170,1261,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
); callus weakly sculptured, costate anteriorly, densely setose. Propleuron weakly sculptured. Prepectus weakly sculptured. Mesepisternum weakly reticulate laterally, smooth ventrally. Upper mesepimeron weakly reticulate; lower mesepimeron smooth; transepimeral sulcus weakly impressed. Lateral metepisternum smooth medially but with foveae posteriorly. HCL:HCW = 1.4–1.9, weakly sculptured; HFL:HFW = 4.6–5.7. FWL:FWW = 2.3–2.5, FWL:ML 1.7–2.1; submarginal vein with several long setae; postmarginal vein slightly longer than stigmal vein.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AE85FDF8AF73FDE4" bold="true" box="[1219,1351,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiole cylindrical, linear in profile, PTL:PTW = 1.0–2.0, PTL:HCL = 0.6–1.0, areolate, lateral margin with longitudinal carina continuous with basal flange, ventral sulcus absent. First (ventral) valvula with 6–8 small, narrowly separated teeth, second (dorsal) valvula with 8–10 annuli that are broadly separated dorsally, the carinae coalescing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FD68A841FCCC" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FD68AB3FFD14" bold="true" box="[199,267,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFF92E549AB20FD68ABDBFD14" box="[358,495,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. HW:HH = 1.2–1.3. Scape dark brown; FL:HH = 1.3–1.6; anellus minute, difficult to distinguish; F2L:F2W = 1.3–2.3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF92E549A84AFD0CA856FD2B" box="[524,610,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Orasema coloradensis. Female (UCRCENT00437137): A, habitus, lateral; B, head, anterior; C, mesosoma, lateral; D, antenna; F, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136): G, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137): E, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Femora mostly dark brown with iridescence, tips pale; tibiae pale brown. PTL:PTW = 2.2–3.4, PTL:HCL = 1.1–1.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FCC4A8A7FCE3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,659,799,826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FCC4AAC9FCE0" bold="true" box="[199,253,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Egg.</emphasis>
|
||
Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549ABD9FCC4A8BBFCE3" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[415,655,799,826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A844FCC4A807FCE0" box="[514,563,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FC99A89EFBC8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FC99AB7FFC85" bold="true" box="[199,331,834,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Planidium.</emphasis>
|
||
The planidium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A85BFC98A8FBFC84" box="[541,719,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A85BFC98A8FBFC84" box="[541,719,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549A9E6FC98AEA5FC87" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[928,1169,835,862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AE42FC98AE01FC84" box="[1028,1077,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They have been extensively observed on immature thrips,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A87BFCBCA8F2FC58" box="[573,710,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Sericothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A87BFCBCA8F2FC58" box="[573,710,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sericothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., indicating that this may be a commonly used intermediate host for this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549ABC4FC50A854FC7F" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[386,608,907,934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABA0FC50A823FC7C" box="[486,535,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it may be a facultative relationship because they mostly oviposit into leaves (occasionally stems and buds) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549A800FC74A911FC13" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[582,805,943,970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A8EDFC74A8E9FC10" box="[683,733,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) where immature thrips would not be expected to occur in high abundance. Other species oviposit exclusively into involucral bracts of unopened flower buds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AF64FC08AAC0FBCB" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AFCEFC08AA99FBC8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) where thrips density would be higher.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF92E549AA81FBC0AE3AF894" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FBC0AAD4FB80" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FBC0AB25FBEC" bold="true" box="[199,273,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected from nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A865FBC0A972FBEC" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[547,838,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A865FBC0A937FBEC" box="[547,771,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pheidole bicarinata</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A93DFBC0AE96FBEC" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[891,1186,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A93DFBC0AE65FBEC" box="[891,1105,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Solenopsis molesta</emphasis>
|
||
Emery
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AE83FBC0AF19FBEC" box="[1221,1325,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AF7BFBC0AAE7FB80" author="Wheeler, W. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FBB8AFB8FA3C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
There is a record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABF7FBB8A850FBA4" box="[433,612,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABF7FBB8A850FBA4" box="[433,612,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A96AFBB8AF25FBA7" authority="Creighton" authorityName="Creighton" authorityYear="1940" box="[812,1297,1123,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A96AFBB8A9CBFBA4" box="[812,1023,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Formica subnitens</emphasis>
|
||
Creighton (Formicinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AF64FBB8AAC3FB7B" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AFCEFBB8AA99FB78" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We consider this record to be erroneous because parasitized brood were never found; instead, the record was based on finding three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AB8AFB70A807FB1C" box="[460,563,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AB8AFB70A807FB1C" box="[460,563,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults in an emergence trap placed above a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AE62FB70AEB0FB1D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1060,1156,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AE62FB70AEB0FB1D" box="[1060,1156,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mound, finding possible
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AAD1FB14AACAFB30" box="[151,254,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AAD1FB14AACAFB30" box="[151,254,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fragments within the nest, and finding one planidium attached to the maxilla of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AED1FB14AEC3FB31" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1175,1271,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AED1FB14AEC3FB31" box="[1175,1271,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AF1AFB14AB73FAD7" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FB28AACFFAD4" box="[199,251,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABADFB28A857FAD4" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[491,611,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABADFB28A857FAD4" box="[491,611,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A952FB28A9FCFAD4" box="[788,968,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A952FB28A9FCFAD4" box="[788,968,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been observed in cleptobiosis with colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AB5CFACCA801FAE8" authority="(Wheeler 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[282,565,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AB5CFACCAB4EFAE9" box="[282,378,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549ABCDFACCA819FAE8" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[395,557,1303,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may explain the observed association. It seems unlikely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AF70FACCAFA9FAE8" box="[1334,1437,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AF70FACCAFA9FAE8" box="[1334,1437,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could switch to another subfamily of ants with a pupal cocoon, which myrmicine ants lack. While other eucharitids can parasitize ants with pupal cocoons, and the maturing wasp pupa can be recovered from within the cocoon, this has never been observed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A84FFA58A8A6FA44" box="[521,658,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Incidentally, an extensive two-year survey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AEECFA58AB3CFA18" authority="in Westbank" authorityName="in Westbank" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AEECFA58AF4AFA44" box="[1194,1406,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Formica subnitens</emphasis>
|
||
in Westbank
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AB52FA7CABEEFA18" box="[276,474,1447,1473]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a locality where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A8E0FA7CA96DFA18" box="[678,857,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A8E0FA7CA96DFA18" box="[678,857,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected, did not report finding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AF79FA7CAAC2FA3C" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AF79FA7CAAC2FA3C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the insects in or near the ant nests nor among the prey items of the ants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AE3FFA10AEC6FA3C" author="Ayre, G. L." box="[1145,1266,1482,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="173 - 176" refId="ref61450" refString="Ayre, G. L. (1957) Ecological notes on Formica subnitens Creighton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 4, 173 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02222151" type="journal article" year="1957">Ayre 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AEBBFA11AF0CFA3C" author="Ayre, G. L." box="[1277,1336,1482,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref61491" refString="Ayre, G. L. (1958) Notes on insects found in or near nests of Formica subnitens Creighton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in British Columbia. Insectes Sociaux, 5, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02222426" type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549AF05FA11AF4BFA3C" author="Ayre, G. L." box="[1347,1407,1482,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref61541" refString="Ayre, G. L. (1959) Food habits of Formica subnitens Creighton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Westbank, British Columbia. Insectes Sociaux, 4, 105 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02225946" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81FA34AE3AF894" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81FA34ABBFF9D1" bold="true" box="[199,395,1518,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Plant associates.</emphasis>
|
||
Gray rabbitbrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A824FA34A8D7F9D0" box="[610,739,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A8A8FA34A9EAF9D1" box="[750,990,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ericameria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nauseosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A8A8FA34A9EAF9D1" box="[750,990,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ericameria nauseosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pall ex. Pursh) G.L. Nesom & Baird), green rabbitbrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AB2CF9C8ABDFF9F4" box="[362,491,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABB0F9C8A9EEF9F4" authority="(Hook.) Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[502,986,1555,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscidiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABB0F9C8A902F9F4" box="[502,822,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hook.) Nutt.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and milkweed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AEDFF9C8AF02F9F4" box="[1177,1334,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AF06F9C8AA84F989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AF06F9C8AA84F989" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asclepias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AB47F9ECAB75F988" box="[257,321,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
(specimen records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF92E549A866F9ECA8CEF98B" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[544,762,1591,1618]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A8C4F9ECA886F988" box="[642,690,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); western ragweed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A991F9ECAE6CF988" box="[983,1112,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AE27F9ECAFA4F988" authority="DC" authorityName="DC" box="[1121,1424,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AE27F9ECAF6BF988" box="[1121,1375,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ambrosia psilostachya</emphasis>
|
||
DC
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), partridge pea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AB7DF980AB9DF9AC" box="[315,425,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABF2F980A9A8F9AC" authority="(Michx.) Greene" authorityName="Greene" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[436,924,1627,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Chamaecrista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABF2F980A8E0F9AC" box="[436,724,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chamaecrista fasciculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Michx.) Greene
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and rushfoil (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AE01F980AEC0F9AC" box="[1095,1268,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AEB9F980AF79F9AC" box="[1279,1357,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AEB9F980AF79F9AC" box="[1279,1357,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AAD1F9A4AAECF940" box="[151,216,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(specimen records); sidebeak pencilflower (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A88BF9A4A90FF940" box="[717,827,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A900F9A4AE12F940" box="[838,1062,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Stylosanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A900F9A4AE12F940" box="[838,1062,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stylosanthes biflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AA8FF978AB79F964" box="[201,333,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
tea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABCEF978A829F964" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[392,541,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A86CF978A91AF965" box="[554,814,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A86CF978A91AF965" box="[554,814,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceanothus americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549A9C6F978A9EFF964" box="[896,987,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(specimen records); and partridge pea, poorjoe (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AABBF91CAB4CF938" box="[253,376,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABC5F91CA853F93B" authority="Walter" authorityName="Walter" authorityYear="1788" box="[387,615,1735,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Diodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABC5F91CA83BF939" box="[387,527,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diodia teres</emphasis>
|
||
Walter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), European turkey oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A931F91CA9D1F938" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[887,997,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549A9B7F91CAEACF939" box="[1009,1176,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549A9B7F91CAEACF939" box="[1009,1176,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), and sandlace (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AF32F91CAB2DF8DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AB62F930A90CF8DF" authority="T. M. Schust. & Reveal" authorityName="T. M. Schust. & Reveal" box="[292,824,1771,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentroceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AB62F930A81BF8DC" box="[292,559,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Polygonum dentroceras</emphasis>
|
||
T.M. Schust. & Reveal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549A925F930A980F8DC" box="[867,948,1771,1797]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(specimen records). Of these plant records, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AA96F8D4AB64F8F1" box="[208,336,1807,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ericameria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA96F8D4AB64F8F1" box="[208,336,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ericameria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549AB33F8D4AB81F8F0" box="[373,437,1807,1833]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549ABAAF8D4A8BDF8F0" box="[492,649,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Chamaecrista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549ABAAF8D4A8BDF8F0" box="[492,649,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chamaecrista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF92E549A8E8F8D4A8CBF8F0" box="[686,767,1807,1833]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
have been independently confirmed as hosts, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF92E549AF06F8D4AAC2F894" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AF06F8D4AAC2F894" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
observed ovipositing into the leaves and stems of both of these plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF92E549AA81F88DAB05F860" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF92E549AA81F88DAB05F860" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF92E549AA81F88DAB6DF8A9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1878,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF92E549AB2EF88CAB98F8A8" box="[360,428,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[151,1436,181,1747]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution map of species in the Orasema coloradensis species group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297711/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF92E549AB86F88CA82CF8A8" box="[448,536,1879,1905]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AB, BC, MB, ON;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF92E549A8B1F88CA9A4F8A8" box="[759,912,1879,1905]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, MD, MO, MT, NE, NV, NJ, NM, NC, OK, OR, SC, TX, UT, VA, WA, WY;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF92E549AE46F8A0AE6EF84C" box="[1024,1114,1915,1941]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NL, PU, SL, VZ. Collected June–August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="98A76627FF93E548AAD1F9AEAB3FF90C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297713/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1653,1677]" targetBox="[156,1431,186,1624]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF93E548AAD1F9AEAB3FF90C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1653,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AAD1F9AEAB3BF954" bold="true" box="[151,271,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF93E548AB5BF9ADA836F954" box="[285,514,1653,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AB5BF9ADA836F954" box="[285,514,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female (UCRCENT00437137):
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548A919F9AEA945F954" bold="true" box="[863,881,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
|
||
, habitus, lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AE60F9AEAE03F954" bold="true" box="[1062,1079,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
||
, head, anterior;
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AEA7F9AEAEC7F954" bold="true" box="[1249,1267,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
, mesosoma, lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AA8CF942AAE8F968" bold="true" box="[202,220,1689,1713]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
|
||
, antenna;
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AB02F942AB67F968" bold="true" box="[324,339,1689,1713]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F</emphasis>
|
||
, mesosoma, dorsal. Female (UCRCENT00439136):
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548A92DF942A94BF968" bold="true" box="[875,895,1689,1713]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
|
||
, propodeum, posterior. Male (UCRCENT00437137):
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AAD1F966AA9CF90C" bold="true" box="[151,168,1725,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
, antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF93E557AA81F8D8A833FD28" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF93E548AA81F8D8AFA8F82F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1795,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AA81F8D8AB86F8C4" bold="true" box="[199,434,1795,1821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7CB03CF2FF93E548ABFCF8DFAFADF8BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988974387" collectingDate="1903-08" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." location="Ute Pass" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548ABFCF8DFA990F8C4" bold="true" box="[442,932,1795,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548ABFCF8DFA806F8C7" box="[442,562,1796,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF93E548A879F8DFA92AF8C4" box="[575,798,1795,1822]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF93E548A96DF8D8A9ABF8C4" box="[811,927,1795,1821]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="25064E23FF93E548A9EBF8D8AE01F8C7" box="[941,1077,1795,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">El Paso Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C9076074FF93E548AE04F8DFAE93F8C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4:C9076074FF93E548AE04F8DFAE93F8C7" box="[1090,1191,1796,1822]" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." name="Ute Pass" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Colorado">Ute Pass</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B866106FFF93E548AEF2F8D8AF2CF8C4" box="[1204,1304,1795,1821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A822E987FF93E548AEF2F8D8AF2CF8C4" box="[1204,1304,1795,1821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08">viii.1903</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="DADEFD26FF93E548AF6CF8DFAF0AF8C7" box="[1322,1342,1796,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(female specimen with head intact, situated above one female and one male on the same card when
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548AEE5F8FCAF3EF898" box="[1187,1290,1831,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
viewed with head pointed left), by present designation for nomenclatorial stability, deposited in AMNH: UCRCENT00238021]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7CB03CF2FF93E548AAD1F8ABA858F80B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988974370" collectingDate="1903-08" collectingDateMax="1903-08-11" collectingDateMin="1903-08" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." location="Springs" municipality="Broadmoor" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-pupa="15" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AAD1F8ABA881F850" bold="true" box="[151,693,1903,1930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548AAD1F8ABAB7DF853" box="[151,329,1904,1930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF93E548AB12F8ABA804F850" box="[340,560,1903,1930]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF93E548A87DF8B4A89BF850" box="[571,687,1903,1929]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="25064E23FF93E548A8FDF8B4A90BF853" box="[699,831,1903,1930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">El Paso Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2C03ACD5FF93E548A90CF8B4A9FFF850" box="[842,971,1903,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Broadmoor</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF93E548AE4DF8B4AE47F850" box="[1035,1139,1903,1929]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="C9076074FF93E548AE3CF8B4AEE6F850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4:C9076074FF93E548AE3CF8B4AEE6F850" box="[1146,1234,1903,1929]" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." municipality="Broadmoor" name="Springs" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Colorado">Springs</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B866106FFF93E548AE9AF8B4AF57F850" box="[1244,1379,1903,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A822E987FF93E548AE9AF8B4AF57F850" box="[1244,1379,1903,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08-11">11.viii.1903</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="DADEFD26FF93E548AF34F8ABAFA2F853" box="[1394,1430,1904,1930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1³,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DADEFD26FF93E548AA81F848AB1AF877" box="[199,302,1939,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="pupa">15 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
, AMNH: UCRCENT00238017–19]; Ute Pass,
|
||
<date id="B866106FFF93E548A971F848A9A8F874" box="[823,924,1939,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A822E987FF93E548A971F848A9A8F874" box="[823,924,1939,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1903-08">viii.1903</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="DADEFD26FF93E548A9EDF84FA9FAF877" box="[939,974,1940,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(headless specimen), 1³, on same card as
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548AAD1F86CAB35F808" box="[151,257,1975,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, AMNH: UCRCENT00238021]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7CB03CF2FF93E548A833F863AFA1F82F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988974451" collectorName="Hells Gate St. Pk." country="United States of America" county="Nez Perce Co." elevation="293" latitude="46.356667" location="Hells Gate St." longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-117.050835" municipality="Larval" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Idaho" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548A833F863A8D1F80B" box="[629,741,1976,2002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF93E548A95CF86CA985F808" box="[794,945,1975,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels have been added to all relevant specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF93E548AA98F807A887F82F" bold="true" box="[222,691,2011,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2C03ACD5FF93E548AA98F807AB1BF82F" box="[222,303,2012,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Larval</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
slides.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF93E548ABC6F807A86EF82C" box="[384,602,2011,2038]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF93E548A822F807A89AF82F" box="[612,686,2012,2038]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="25064E23FF93E548A8F1F807A961F82F" box="[695,853,2012,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nez Perce Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="612D5379FF93E548A918F800AE15F82C" box="[862,1057,2011,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<location id="C9076074FF93E548A918F800A9C2F82F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4:C9076074FF93E548A918F800A9C2F82F" box="[862,1014,2011,2038]" country="United States of America" county="Nez Perce Co." latitude="46.356667" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-117.050835" municipality="Larval" name="Hells Gate St." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Idaho">
|
||
Hells Gate
|
||
<location id="C9076074FF93E548A991F807A9C2F82F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4:C9076074FF93E548A991F807A9C2F82F" box="[983,1014,2012,2038]" country="United States of America" county="Nez Perce Co." latitude="46.356667" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-117.050835" municipality="Larval" name="St. Pk." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Idaho">St.</location>
|
||
</location>
|
||
Pk.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFF93E548AE6CF807AE58F82F" box="[1066,1132,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="293.0">
|
||
<elevation id="47F5D19CFF93E548AE6CF807AE58F82F" box="[1066,1132,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="293.0">293m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9EC5068FF93E548AE33F800AF35F82F" box="[1141,1281,2011,2038]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="24" value="46.356667">46°21’24”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9EC5068FF93E548AF4FF807AFA1F82F" box="[1289,1429,2012,2038]" degrees="117" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-117.050835">117°03’3”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF8CE557AAD1FF4CA98AFF20" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7CB03CF2FF8CE557AAD1FF4CA876FF0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988974421" collectingDate="1983-07-14" collectorName="T. D. Miller & Kerrville St. Pk." county="Kerr Co." elevation="500" latitude="30.003334" location="St. Pk." longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-99.128334" municipality="Kerrville St." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||
<date id="B866106FFF8CE557AAD1FF4CAB2DFF68" box="[151,281,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1983-07-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A822E987FF8CE557AAD1FF4CAB2DFF68" box="[151,281,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1983-07-14">14.vii.1983</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="612D5379FF8CE557AB60FF4CAB9CFF68" box="[294,424,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T.D. Miller</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557ABF2FF4CA890FF69" box="[436,676,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ericameria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nauseosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557ABF2FF4CA890FF69" box="[436,676,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ericameria nauseosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[1?, UCRC: UCRCENT00499476].
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AE0EFF4CAEA1FF68" bold="true" box="[1096,1173,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF8CE557AE0EFF4CAEA4FF68" box="[1096,1168,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="25064E23FF8CE557AEDBFF4CAF37FF68" box="[1181,1283,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerr Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="612D5379FF8CE557AF56FF4CAA8AFF0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2C03ACD5FF8CE557AF56FF4CAFA8FF68" box="[1296,1436,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Kerrville
|
||
<location id="C9076074FF8CE557AF38FF4CAFA8FF68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447187B9FF91E556AAD1FB24AEA3FEC4:C9076074FF8CE557AF38FF4CAFA8FF68" box="[1406,1436,151,177]" county="Kerr Co." latitude="30.003334" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-99.128334" municipality="Kerrville St." name="St. Pk." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Texas">St.</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Pk.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0B209B4AFF8CE557AA8CFF61AB39FF0C" box="[202,269,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="47F5D19CFF8CE557AA8CFF61AB39FF0C" box="[202,269,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9EC5068FF8CE557AB5FFF60AB97FF0C" box="[281,419,187,213]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="12" value="30.003334">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB5FFF60AB01FF0C" box="[281,309,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">30</emphasis>
|
||
°
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB06FF60AB97FF0C" box="[320,419,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">00’12”N</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9EC5068FF8CE557ABF4FF60A876FF0C" box="[434,578,187,213]" degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-99.128334">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557ABF4FF60ABFAFF0C" box="[434,462,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">99</emphasis>
|
||
°
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB9FFF60A876FF0C" box="[473,578,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">07’42”W</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B866106FFF8CE557A816FF60A8E6FF0C" box="[592,722,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1988-07-24">24.vii.1988</date>
|
||
, Heraty, ovip. Grass [1?, UCRC: UCRCENT00499475].
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AF1EFF61ABFDFF21" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="DADEFD26FF8CE557AB96FF04A84DFF20" box="[464,633,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">736 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, see supplementary material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF8CE557AA81FED8A833FD28" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
There is some confusion regarding the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A906FED8AE09FEC4" box="[832,1085,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A906FED8AE09FEC4" box="[832,1085,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8CE557AE0CFED8AECEFEC4" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1098,1274,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was under the impression that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AB0DFEFCABC9FE98" box="[331,509,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB0DFEFCABC9FE98" box="[331,509,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had already been described by Ashmead, which is made evident by his attributing the binomen to Ashmead as well as the identification.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8CE557A94EFE90A9CFFEBF" author="Johnson, J. B. & Miller, T. D. & Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W." box="[776,1019,331,358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="542 - 549" refId="ref63138" refString="Johnson, J. B., Miller, T. D., Heraty, J. M. & Merickel, F. W. (1986) Observations on the biology of two species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A92BFE90A994FEBC" box="[877,928,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attribute the binomen to Gahan, but as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8CE557AAF0FEB4AB65FE50" author="Gahan, A. B." box="[182,337,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="425 - 458" refId="ref62310" refString="Gahan, A. B. (1940) A contribution to the knowledge of the Eucharidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 425 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3086.425" type="journal article" year="1940">Gahan (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
points out,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8CE557AB91FEB4A8BCFE50" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[471,648,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was in fact the first to publish this name. This confusion may be why the type material for this species is ambiguous.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8CE557A8E8FE48A96BFE74" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[686,863,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref63642" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1907) The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1907">Wheeler (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not directly designate type material, but he did provide a date (August, 1903) and locations (Manitou, Broadmoor, Beaver Ranch—all near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF8CE557AE8BFE6CAF01FE08" box="[1229,1333,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Springs,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF8CE557AAD1FE00AB35FE2F" box="[151,257,475,502]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
) for material that he examined. The specimen currently designated as type (USNMENT00809501, type no. 27294) cannot actually be part of the type series because the specimen was from a series collected by C.F. Baker. There are four series of card-mounted specimens that we recognize as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557A989FDF8AE05FDE4" box="[975,1073,547,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
collected by Wheeler in August, 1903 from Broadmoor (UCRCENT00238017–19) and Ute Pass,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E1CF84DFF8CE557A9CEFD9CA9C4FDB8" box="[904,1008,583,609]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
(UCRCENT00238021). Because the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557AAD1FDB0AADAFD5C" box="[151,238,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series is from multiple hosts, we designate one of the female specimens as
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557AE6AFDB0AEA7FD5C" box="[1068,1171,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(UCRCENT00238021: there are three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AB05FD54AB9EFD70" box="[323,426,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB05FD54AB9EFD70" box="[323,426,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens on this card mount; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557A907FD54A99CFD70" box="[833,936,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the female with the intact head, which is placed above the other two specimens when viewed with the anterior end pointed left) and the remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557AF7CFD68AFA8FD14" box="[1338,1436,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="1363880DFF8CE557AB1BFD0CA836FD28" box="[349,514,727,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="98A76627FF8CE557AAD1F90BAE67F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" targetBox="[151,1436,777,1721]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF8CE557AAD1F90BAE67F845" blockId="16.[151,1437,1744,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AAD1F90BAB39F930" bold="true" box="[151,269,1744,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A8BAF90AA9D4F930" box="[764,992,1745,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A8BAF90AA9D4F930" box="[764,992,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orasema coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AE55F90AAEBBF930" box="[1043,1167,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AE55F90AAEBFF930" box="[1043,1163,1745,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">O. violacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens scaled proportionately.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB5AF92FAB1AF8D5" bold="true" box="[284,302,1780,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AB7CF92EABEDF8D4" box="[314,473,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB7CF92EABEDF8D4" box="[314,473,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A998F92EA9DBF8D4" bold="true" box="[990,1007,1781,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A9BDF92EAE5BF8D4" box="[1019,1135,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A9BDF92EAE5BF8D4" box="[1019,1135,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB15F8C3AB51F8E9" bold="true" box="[339,357,1816,1840]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AB2BF8C2A832F8E8" box="[365,518,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AB2BF8C2A832F8E8" box="[365,518,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O.coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A9CCF8C2A9A8F8E8" bold="true" box="[906,924,1817,1841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A9E2F8C2AE09F8E8" box="[932,1085,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A9E2F8C2AE09F8E8" box="[932,1085,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O.coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fromTexas(UCRCENT00320732);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AAD1F8E6AA9CF88C" bold="true" box="[151,168,1853,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AAFEF8E6AB6EF88C" box="[184,346,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AAFEF8E6AB6EF88C" box="[184,346,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Texas (UCRCENT00397223);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A898F8E6A8D9F88C" bold="true" box="[734,749,1853,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A8BBF8E6A994F88C" box="[765,928,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A8BBF8E6A994F88C" box="[765,928,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AF65F8E7AF03F88D" bold="true" box="[1315,1335,1852,1876]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AF00F8E6AAD9F8A0" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AF00F8E6AAD9F8A0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A8D5F8BAA893F8A0" bold="true" box="[659,679,1889,1913]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A8F3F8BAA962F8A0" box="[693,854,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A8F3F8BAA962F8A0" box="[693,854,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Florida (UCRCENT00411745);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AEA4F8BAAED8F8A0" bold="true" box="[1250,1260,1889,1913]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557AEBCF8BAAFA8F8A0" box="[1274,1436,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557AEBCF8BAAFA8F8A0" box="[1274,1436,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Florida (UCRCENT00139590);
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A85EF85EA811F844" bold="true" box="[536,549,1925,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD84D2CFF8CE557A877F85EA8E5F844" box="[561,721,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8CE557A877F85EA8E5F844" box="[561,721,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Florida (UCRCENT00404257).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84C26524FF8DE556AA81FF4DAEA3FEC4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC6736AFFF8DE556AA81FF4DAEA3FEC4" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8DE556AA81FF4DAB78FF69" bold="true" box="[199,332,150,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
There is a large amount of color and size variation in this species. In Texas, collection records show an enormous discrepancy in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF8DE556A85CFF60A8A1FF0C" box="[538,661,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@16.[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female Orasema coloradensis and O. violacea. All specimens scaled proportionately. A, O. coloradensis Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021); B, O. violacea holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);C,O.coloradensisfromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);D,O.coloradensisfromTexas(UCRCENT00320732); E, O. coloradensis from Texas (UCRCENT00397223); F, O. coloradensis from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500); G, O. coloradensis from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400); H, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00411745); I, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00139590); J, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00404257)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in Florida, color varies to a large degree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54E32A2AFF8DE556AE8AFF60AF24FF0C" box="[1228,1296,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@16.[151,1436,777,1721]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of the dorsal mesosoma of female Orasema coloradensis and O. violacea. All specimens scaled proportionately. A, O. coloradensis Lectotype from Colorado (UCRCENT00238021); B, O. violacea holotype from Florida (USN- MENT00809466);C,O.coloradensisfromColorado(UCRCENT00444500);D,O.coloradensisfromTexas(UCRCENT00320732); E, O. coloradensis from Texas (UCRCENT00397223); F, O. coloradensis from Idaho (UCRCENT00352500); G, O. coloradensis from Maryland (UCRCENT00414400); H, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00411745); I, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00139590); J, O. coloradensis from Florida (UCRCENT00404257)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297717/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
H–J), and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4CF763FFF8DE556AAD1FF04AADBFF20" box="[151,239,223,249]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, specimens have a slightly different head shape; however, despite this, all molecularly sampled specimens came out in a single highly-supported clade with little genetic variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8494B5EFF8DE556A982FED8AEBFFEC4" author="Baker, A. J. & Heraty, J. M. & Mottern, J. & Zhang, J. & Hines, H. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M." box="[964,1163,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref61587" refString="Baker, A. J., Heraty, J. M., Mottern, J., Zhang, J., Hines, H. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. (2020) Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts. Systematic Entomology, 45, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12371" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Baker
|
||
<emphasis id="FEACEABDFF8DE556AE49FED8AE74FEC4" box="[1039,1088,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |