210 lines
28 KiB
XML
210 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EB9F33A5098639B9459F2B695AA55719">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="00F1DB61C60A909F4CBDF5AC68C0138A">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B3521DBEB3B42AA9DA838392029A166">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F658CB52F57DC57DE087ACEB5FB0130" type="email">cuauhtemoc.deloya@inecol.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6778B86A1AA8E070B6D2C8E892B9B619">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9C44F82641494B16BD9189E5BBED740F">2022</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC1AFA61D3FFCFFB8E3" blockId="64.[151,833,1128,1191]" box="[151,833,1128,1155]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="71574F41FD1FFFC1AFA61D3FFCFFB8E3" bold="true" box="[151,833,1128,1155]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1FFFC1AFA61D3FFCFFB8E3" authority="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya, 2019" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,833,1128,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61D3FFCFFB8E3" bold="true" box="[151,833,1128,1155]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61D3FFE78B8E2" bold="true" box="[151,454,1128,1155]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Tomarus maracaiboensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD1FFFC1AEFC1D3EFCFFB8E3" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C." box="[461,833,1128,1155]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref91328" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C. (2019) Five new species of the dynastine genus Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with an illustrated key to species. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.1.127" type="journal article" year="2019">López-García & Deloya, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC1AFA61DDAFE59B8C6" blockId="64.[151,833,1128,1191]" box="[151,487,1164,1191]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AFAE1DDAFEBDB8C6" box="[159,259,1164,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@87.[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345041/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 9H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AE3E1DDAFE86B8C7" box="[271,312,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">16J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AE751DDBFEC8B8C6" box="[324,374,1165,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[159,1435,191,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-17@95.[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345083/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">20A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AEB31DDBFE0BB8C6" box="[386,437,1165,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,182,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@103.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 28. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345107/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">28A</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AEF01DDBFE60B8C6" box="[449,478,1165,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="112.[151,250,1998,2022]" captionTargetBox="[224,1372,1135,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-38@112.[215,1372,1135,1973]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIGURE 44. Distributional records of Tomarus laevicollis, T. laticaudus, T. maracaiboensis, and T. colombianus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345164/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">44</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD1FFFC1AFA61D84FC50B888" box="[151,1006,1233,1257]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC1AFA61D84FC50B888" blockId="64.[151,1436,1233,1319]" box="[151,1006,1233,1257]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD1FFFC1AFA61D84FCBAB888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5412051" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C." box="[151,772,1233,1257]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F6ED021D62CFFCBFD13FF2B7DA8FB68" page="130" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="2019">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1FFFC1AFA61D84FCBAB888" authority="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya, 2019: 130" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,772,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61D84FE2BB888" box="[151,405,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Tomarus maracaiboensis</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD1FFFC1AEAA1D87FCBAB888" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697022" box="[411,772,1233,1257]" collectionCode="USNM, UNSM" country="Venezuela" location="Maracaibo" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD1FFFC1AEAA1D87FCBAB888" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C." box="[411,772,1233,1257]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref91328" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C. (2019) Five new species of the dynastine genus Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with an illustrated key to species. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.1.127" type="journal article" year="2019">López-García & Deloya, 2019: 130</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Original combination.
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD1FFFC1ACC21D87FAA8B947" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC1ACC21D87FAA8B947" blockId="64.[151,1436,1233,1319]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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Male
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD1FFFC1AB1C1D87FB38B888" box="[1069,1158,1233,1257]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(USNM) “maracaibo // BB //
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1FFFC1AFEB1DA6FE8CB966" baseAuthorityName="sensu Moron & Grossi" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[218,306,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tomarus</taxonomicName>
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/ maracaiboensis / López-García / & Deloya /
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD1FFFC1AC371DA6FC2FB969" box="[774,913,1264,1288]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
”. Two male
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD1FFFC1AB3D1DA6FBD3B969" box="[1036,1133,1264,1288]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(USNM, UNSM) “maracaibo //
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1FFFC1AFEA1C59FE8DB947" baseAuthorityName="sensu Moron & Grossi" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[219,307,1295,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tomarus</taxonomicName>
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||
/ maracaiboensis / López-García / & Deloya /
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD1FFFC1AC3C1C58FC30B947" box="[781,910,1294,1318]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
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||
” Type locality:
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<location id="2F7FAEF6FD1FFFC1AB1F1C58FB23B947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD1FFFC0AFA61D3FFBD8BDCC:2F7FAEF6FD1FFFC1AB1F1C58FB23B947" box="[1070,1181,1294,1318]" country="Venezuela" name="Maracaibo" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Maracaibo</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD1FFFC1AB971C58FAACB947" box="[1190,1298,1294,1318]" name="Venezuela" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD1FFFC1AFA61C02FB4ABBCF" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC1AFA61C02FB4ABBCF" blockId="64.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61C02FE97B90F" bold="true" box="[151,297,1364,1390]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Habitus as in
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||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AEFA1C02FD8DB90E" box="[459,563,1364,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,182,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@103.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 28. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345107/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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. Length
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<quantity id="ED5855C8FD1FFFC1ADA41C03FC82B90E" box="[661,828,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" metricValueMax="2.33" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="22.1" valueMax="23.3" valueMin="20.9">20.9–23.3 mm</quantity>
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; humeral width 10.0–
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<quantity id="ED5855C8FD1FFFC1AB021C03FB27B90E" box="[1075,1177,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
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. Color brown to black.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61C2FFF5EB9F2" bold="true" box="[151,224,1401,1427]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head:</emphasis>
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Frons coarsely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 conical tubercles separated by about 7 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by less than a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, narrowly rounded tooth. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Interocular distance 3.3 times an eye width.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AA7B1CB3FF6FBA42" bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Surface smooth on disc, with minute punctures on lateral margins. Apical tubercle small, rounded, not visible in lateral view. Fovea shallow, striate and about 1/2 as wide as interocular distance.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AB721F7AFB7ABA27" bold="true" box="[1091,1220,1580,1606]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Scutellum:</emphasis>
|
||
Surface with deep, small punctures forming 2 lines parallel to margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1ADEF1F07FC8DBA0A" bold="true" box="[734,819,1617,1643]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
First interval punctate, punctures smaller than on other intervals; sutural stria complete. Inner surface of apex with rounded, large tubercles forming 14–16 parallel lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFA61FCEFEABBAD3" bold="true" box="[151,277,1688,1714]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with small, irregular tubercles forming 9–10 diagonal nearly parallel lines. Pygidial surface rugose on basal 4th and on lateral angles, disc with minute punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AA5E1FEAFF03BA9A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@87.[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345041/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex regularly rounded.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AED91FB7FDFFBA9A" bold="true" box="[488,577,1761,1787]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Venter:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of prosternal process flat, transversely oval to rounded. Metasternum with minute setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AE5B1E53FE15BB7E" bold="true" box="[362,427,1797,1823]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Protibia tridentate, with an additional small, basal undulation. Metatibia not narrowed before apex, sides nearly parallel. Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 8–9 spinules.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AB261E7FFB75BB23" bold="true" box="[1047,1227,1832,1859]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Spiculum gastrale without basal plates. Phallobase 1.2 times longer than parameres. Parameres with 2 pairs of dorso-lateral teeth, both equal in length and upwardly arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AD721E26FD13BBEB" box="[579,685,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 16J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1FFFC1AD881E27FD53BBEA" box="[697,749,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[159,1435,191,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-17@95.[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345083/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">20A</figureCitation>
|
||
), apices short. Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 4 spine-like, accessory lamellae, with dense granules at base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD1FFFC0AFF61EEEFE1DBD7C" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1FFFC0AFF61EEEFE1DBD7C" blockId="64.[151,1437,1364,2039]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AFF61EEEFEFCBBB3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1976,2002]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1FFFC1AE7D1EEFFDD6BBB3" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" authorityYear="2019" box="[332,616,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1FFFC1AE7D1EEFFDD6BBB3" box="[332,616,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Tomarus maracaiboensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized by the nearly impunctate pronotum; small pronotal tubercle not visible in lateral view; pronotal fovea shallow and narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance); protibia tridentate with a small basal undulation; and apex of metatibia with 8–9 spinules. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1EFFC0ABD919C1FAC6BCD0" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1256,1400,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0ABD919C1FAC6BCD0" box="[1256,1400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1EFFC0AAB919C1FE98BCB4" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Gasca-Alvarez" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AAB919C1FE98BCB4" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">T. colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1EFFC0AE5219EDFE4DBCB4" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" authorityYear="2019" box="[355,499,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticaudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AE5219EDFE4DBCB4" box="[355,499,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">T. laticaudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but it can be differentiated by the parameres with the apex very short, the secondary teeth similar in shape and as long as the main teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1EFFC0ADEA1989FCFDBC98" box="[731,835,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs. 16J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1EFFC0AC7F1989FC3CBC98" box="[846,898,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[159,1435,191,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-17@95.[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345083/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">20A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the internal sac with a complex of 4 spinelike accessory lamellae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD1EFFC0AFF61870FBD8BDCC" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1EFFC0AFF61870FDC3BD20" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,429]" box="[199,637,294,321]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AFF61870FEDFBD21" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Maracaibo in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD1EFFC0AD331871FDC7BD20" box="[514,633,295,321]" name="Venezuela" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1EFFC0AFF6181CFEF6BDE8" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AFF6181CFDBCBD05" bold="true" box="[199,514,330,357]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Locality records (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD1EFFC0AEAC181CFE4BBD05" box="[413,501,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="112.[151,250,1998,2022]" captionTargetBox="[224,1372,1135,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-38@112.[215,1372,1135,1973]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIGURE 44. Distributional records of Tomarus laevicollis, T. laticaudus, T. maracaiboensis, and T. colombianus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345164/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three examined specimens from UNSM and USNM.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AB47181CFF7FBDE9" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD1EFFC0AB47181CFA9DBD05" box="[1142,1315,330,356]" name="Venezuela" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(3).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD1EFFC0AA6D181CFA22BD05" box="[1372,1436,330,356]" country="Venezuela" name="Zulia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zulia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Maracaibo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD1EFFC0AFF618C5FBD8BDCC" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,429]" box="[199,1126,402,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0AFF618C5FE3BBDCD" bold="true" box="[199,389,402,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Nothing is known about the natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD1EFFC0ACA318C5FBE0BDCC" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" authorityYear="2019" box="[914,1118,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD1EFFC0ACA318C5FBE0BDCC" box="[914,1118,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">T. maracaiboensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |