321 lines
39 KiB
XML
321 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="7B99FB893F4F78805F823E4B2F01A340" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3348.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5251708" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629785208088" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Opresko, D. M., Wagner, D., Montgomery, A. D. & Brugler, M. R." docDate="2012" docId="053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03348p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3348 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3348.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphanipathes verticillata subsp. verticillata verticillata Brook 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="F90DFF87FFA7FFEBFFAEF13BFFDCF401" masterDocTitle="Discovery of Aphanipathes verticillata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="24" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1699111540963" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CB9ABBD2CCA230884FCA113DB77335C3">Discovery of Aphanipathes verticillata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C3BEA31F3B64E7AC78D268847F439D57" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F33DF679455CEA15D6CB7E4B5F8F8ADD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="133E2CD52284113AB7357CFDC663C895">Opresko, D. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8ED9441D70E6D3E7F09D1DB0C1CD2321">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (dmopresko @ hotmail. com).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="96C57DF3FBAE90F5370513AF4B7AEFEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58E01BECF2B033A6289977D2B7EEE7EC">Wagner, D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7D2ED15C659D671C7A0FBBF598E17366">Papah naumoku kea Marine National Monument, 6600 Kalaniana'ole Hwy, Suite 300, Honolulu, HI 96825 (Daniel. Wagner @ noaa. gov).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F0FDC409B8E8EFEF1566DC5BB88B2FE6">Montgomery, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="908663BCF884F80B0A9274A305B368CE">U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3 - 122, Honolulu, HI 96850 (Tony _ Montgomery @ fws. gov)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8963C07ADF9D218FD9087B494F454139">Brugler, M. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8C303F85FD94610FB7992399820D9E1">Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA (mbrugler @ amnh. org)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="056DC6BB17D581DC46FDC8DF884C21E0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B0887FFA95A8D001353DFE9A97B08796">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="096A5B4E1A00A6A283C591487DEB5E1E">2012-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1D9FF93CBEE0BD8BD1D569106F342047">3348</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="756D78D6515103160A39A542A7C7B8B8">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3348.1.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BBD286B7449B3AC804055CB27C76DBF9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5253296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5253296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C5876562FFA5FFE9FF39F775FCBFF269" box="[151,867,1614,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA5FFE9FF39F775FCBFF269" blockId="2.[151,867,1614,1673]" box="[151,867,1614,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D66A8185FFA5FFE9FF39F775FCBFF269" bold="true" box="[151,867,1614,1640]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA5FFE9FF39F775FCBFF269" bold="true" box="[151,867,1614,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4A9D4D6AFFA5FFE9FF39F775FD3AF269" ID-CoL="5DJKJ" authority="verticillata Brook 1889" authorityName="verticillata Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,742,1614,1640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="verticillata" subSpecies="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA5FFE9FF39F775FD91F269" bold="true" box="[151,589,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="E90C4B18FFA5FFE9FDFBF775FD3AF269" author="Brook, G." box="[597,742,1614,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref8730" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222, pls 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, emended
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5876562FFA5FFE9FF39F74AFE82F288" box="[151,350,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA5FFE9FF39F74AFE82F288" blockId="2.[151,867,1614,1673]" box="[151,350,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA5FFE9FF30F74AFEC3F288" box="[158,287,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1075,1098]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-609@3.[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata Brook, holotype (ZMUC ANT-208); height ~80 cm (Brook, 1889) (Note: scale not available); B. A. verticillata mauiensis subsp. nov., holotype (USNM 1150095), scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Figures 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA5FFE9FE85F74AFEE7F288" box="[299,315,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,153,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-174@4.[264,1323,153,1665]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata Brook, schizoholotype (MCZ 68), spines on branchlets. Scale bars = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA5FFE9FEE9F74AFE89F288" box="[327,341,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,438,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-186@5.[264,1323,438,1950]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata, specimen from Okinawa (USNM 99727); A and C, spines on small branchlet; B and D, spines on branch. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">3</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C5876562FFA5FFE9FF39F789FD50F35B" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA5FFE9FF39F789FB63F337" blockId="2.[151,1436,1714,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA5FFE9FF39F789FE58F2CA" bold="true" box="[151,388,1714,1739]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3DF53CB4FFA5FFE9FE20F789FB67F337" collectingDate="1981-11" collectionCode="NOTE, ZMUC, R" collectorName="F. Bolland & Coll. No." country="Japan" county="Schizoholotypes" elevation="79" latitude="26.5" location="Ryukyu Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.84833" municipality="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MCZ 68, ANT 208, USNM 99727" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectingCounty id="64434E65FFA5FFE9FE20F789FD9BF2CB" box="[398,583,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Schizoholotypes</collectingCounty>
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||
(three small branches) in the collections of the
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6D46AC93FFA5FFE9FBD2F788FF2AF2EF" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Museum of Comparative Zoology</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
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||
<specimenCode id="DD3B9E92FFA5FFE9FEAAF7EDFEB9F2EF" box="[260,357,1750,1774]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">MCZ 68</specimenCode>
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||
) [
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<collectionCode id="EB8CAE2CFFA5FFE9FED5F7EDFE10F2EF" box="[379,460,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">NOTE</collectionCode>
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:
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<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA5FFE9FE79F7EDFDE5F2EF" box="[471,569,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
in the University of Copenhagen Museum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="EB8CAE2CFFA5FFE9FB8FF7EDFBA8F2EF" box="[1057,1140,1750,1774]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DD3B9E92FFA5FFE9FBD4F7EDFB39F2EF" box="[1146,1253,1750,1774]" collectionCode="ANT" country="0" name="Anguilla National Trust" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">ANT 208</specimenCode>
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) not examined];
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<specimenCode id="DD3B9E92FFA5FFE9FF39F7C1FEEBF313" box="[151,311,1786,1810]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 99727</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F58A7679FFA5FFE9FEEDF7C0FE5AF313" box="[323,390,1787,1810]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="88426032FFA5FFE9FE3EF7C1FD9DF313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583:88426032FFA5FFE9FE3EF7C1FD9DF313" box="[400,577,1786,1810]" country="Japan" county="Schizoholotypes" latitude="26.5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.84833" municipality="Museum of Comparative Zoology" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4F59F80BFFA5FFE9FDE2F7C1FD6DF313" box="[588,689,1786,1810]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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<location id="88426032FFA5FFE9FD16F7C1FD23F313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583:88426032FFA5FFE9FD16F7C1FD23F313" box="[696,767,1786,1810]" country="Japan" county="Schizoholotypes" latitude="26.5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.84833" municipality="Museum of Comparative Zoology" name="Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Okinawa">Island</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E8A9502EFFA5FFE9FCA4F7C1FC40F313" box="[778,924,1786,1810]" degrees="26.50000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="26.5">26.50000° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E8A9502EFFA5FFE9FC06F7C1FBE2F313" box="[936,1086,1786,1810]" degrees="127.84833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="127.84833">127.84833°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="88426032FFA5FFE9FBE7F7C1FAD4F313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:053487FFFFA5FFEEFF39F775FC84F583:88426032FFA5FFE9FBE7F7C1FAD4F313" box="[1097,1288,1786,1810]" country="Japan" county="Schizoholotypes" latitude="26.5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.84833" municipality="Museum of Comparative Zoology" name="Horseshoe Cliffs" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Okinawa">Horseshoe Cliffs</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9C902FCBFFA5FFE9FABDF7C1FE91F337" location="Onna Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
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<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE9FABDF7C1FA90F313" box="[1299,1356,1786,1810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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||
WNW of Onna Village
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="EB8CAE2CFFA5FFE9FEF9F624FEB1F337" box="[343,365,1823,1846]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="2068533FFFA5FFE9FED6F624FE33F337" box="[376,495,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">F. Bolland</collectorName>
|
||
, 14,
|
||
<date id="F9231029FFA5FFE9FD8AF624FD47F337" box="[548,667,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" value="1981-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E967E9C1FFA5FFE9FD8AF624FD47F337" box="[548,667,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" value="1981-11">Nov. 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE9FD08F625FD2BF337" box="[678,759,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="79.2">
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<elevation id="06B0D1DAFFA5FFE9FD08F625FD2BF337" box="[678,759,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="79.2">79.2 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectorName id="2068533FFFA5FFE9FCA5F625FCA8F337" box="[779,884,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Coll. No.</collectorName>
|
||
RFB 0996;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9B9BFD60FFA5FFE9FC53F625FBA3F337" box="[1021,1151,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, dry)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA5FFE9FF69F678FD50F35B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1714,2029]" box="[199,652,1858,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3DF53CB4FFA5FFE9FF69F678FD54F35B" box="[199,648,1858,1883]" country="Mauritius" location="Mauritius" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA5FFE9FF69F678FEB9F35A" bold="true" box="[199,357,1858,1883]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA5FFE9FF69F678FEDEF35A" box="[199,258,1859,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F58A7679FFA5FFE9FEC2F679FE05F35B" box="[364,473,1858,1882]" name="Mauritius" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(no other data)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5876562FFA5FFE8FF69F652FBA9F566" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA5FFE8FF69F652FBA9F566" blockId="2.[151,1436,1714,2029]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,359]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA5FFE9FF69F652FE9DF383" bold="true" box="[199,321,1897,1922]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony large (at least
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE9FDFEF652FD45F380" box="[592,665,1897,1921]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height), densely branched to the 10
|
||
<superScript id="7AE89BA1FFA5FFE9FBF0F65DFBB6F375" attach="left" box="[1118,1130,1894,1908]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
order or more, with long, straight or slightly curved branches often disposed in single series on upper side of lower order branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA5FFE9FA9BF6B6FA52F3A4" box="[1333,1422,1933,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1075,1098]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-609@3.[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata Brook, holotype (ZMUC ANT-208); height ~80 cm (Brook, 1889) (Note: scale not available); B. A. verticillata mauiensis subsp. nov., holotype (USNM 1150095), scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal branch angles variable, most frequently from about 45º to 60º. Polypar spines on branchlets
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE9FB59F68AFA47F3C8" box="[1271,1435,1969,1993]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.18">0.18−0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall; abpolypar spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE9FE7DF6EEFDF1F3EC" box="[467,557,2005,2029]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; spines in longitudinal rows and in distinct verticils; spines mostly
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA5FFE8FA84F6EEFF1EF4AE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="27" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.305" valueMax="0.36" valueMin="0.25">0.25−0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart in each row. Spines covered with minute conical tubercles extending from apex basally half the distance or more to the base. Tubercles present on both polypar and abpolypar spines. Tubercles on some spines becoming fused together laterally, and in some cases with fused apices forming wide shelf-like edge. Tubercles on distal edge of spines subequal or slightly larger than those on proximal edge. Height of tubercles along distal edge of polypar spines up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FEC2F011FE3EF543" box="[364,482,298,322]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.016">0.016 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Average density of tubercles on polypar spines 2.9/1000 µm
|
||
<superScript id="7AE89BA1FFA4FFE8FB3BF01CFB41F534" attach="left" box="[1173,1181,295,309]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">2</superScript>
|
||
. Polyps about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FAEBF011FA47F543" box="[1349,1435,298,322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter, arranged in single series, with six to seven polyps per centimeter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D9E26661FFA4FFE8FF39F508FB01F069" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5251710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" startId="3.[151,250,1075,1098]" targetBox="[264,1323,412,1055]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA4FFE8FF39F508FB01F069" blockId="3.[151,1437,1075,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA4FFE8FF39F508FECFF04B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1075,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A9D4D6AFFA4FFE8FE96F50FFD2AF048" authority="verticillata Brook" authorityName="verticillata Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[312,758,1075,1098]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="verticillata" subSpecies="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA4FFE8FE96F50FFD72F04B" box="[312,686,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
Brook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (ZMUC ANT-208); height ~80 cm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E90C4B18FFA4FFE8FB63F508FA92F048" author="Brook, G." box="[1229,1358,1075,1097]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref8730" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222, pls 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Note: scale not available); B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A9D4D6AFFA4FFE8FE2BF569FDA0F069" authorityName="Opresko & Wagner & Montgomery & Brugler" authorityYear="2012" box="[389,636,1106,1128]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="verticillata" subSpecies="mauiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA4FFE8FE2BF569FDA0F069" box="[389,636,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">A. verticillata mauiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp. nov., holotype (USNM 1150095), scale bar = 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5876562FFA4FFEEFF69F5AEFC84F583" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA4FFEFFF69F5AEFC68F336" blockId="3.[151,1436,1173,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1753,2020]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA4FFE8FF69F5AEFDCFF0AC" bold="true" box="[199,531,1173,1198]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA4FFE8FE0BF5AEFDD2F0AC" box="[421,526,1173,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the description given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E90C4B18FFA4FFE8FC0AF5AEFBE2F0AC" author="Brook, G." box="[932,1086,1173,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref8730" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222, pls 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA4FFE8FBD8F5AEFB04F0AC" box="[1142,1240,1173,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FB54F5AEFA9CF0AC" box="[1274,1344,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FF39F582FF03F0D0" box="[151,223,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide. A photograph of the type (
|
||
<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA4FFE8FDC6F582FD1EF0D0" box="[616,706,1209,1233]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1075,1098]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-609@3.[264,1323,412,1055]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata Brook, holotype (ZMUC ANT-208); height ~80 cm (Brook, 1889) (Note: scale not available); B. A. verticillata mauiensis subsp. nov., holotype (USNM 1150095), scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
, scale not available) indicates that the branching is moderately dense, with many branches arranged uniserially.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E90C4B18FFA4FFE8FD18F5E6FC91F0F4" author="Brook, G." box="[694,845,1245,1269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref8730" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222, pls 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that as many as six branchlets arose along a
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FF39F43AFF12F118" box="[151,206,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
length of branch, and that many of the branches were
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FC9BF43AFC4BF118" box="[821,919,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Spines of the MCZ schizotypes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA4FFE8FAFEF43AFA4FF118" box="[1360,1427,1281,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,153,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-174@4.[264,1323,153,1665]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata Brook, schizoholotype (MCZ 68), spines on branchlets. Scale bars = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251712/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) are conical, slightly inclined distally (abpolypar spines inclined more than polypar spines), and with numerous tubercles on their surface. On branchlets
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FDC0F472FD1AF160" box="[622,710,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FD40F472FC98F160" box="[750,836,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, the polypar spines typically are
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FAE2F472FF26F184" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.24">0.24 to 0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall (as measured from middle of base to apex), and the abpolypar spines are generally
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FB6AF456FAB3F184" box="[1220,1391,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.17" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.14">0.14 to 0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. On a branch
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FF53F4AAFE8EF1A8" box="[253,338,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter the polypar spines measure about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FCF5F4AAFC62F1A8" box="[859,958,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the abpolypars
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FB0EF4AAFADBF1A8" box="[1184,1287,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Six or seven longitudinal rows of spines seen in one lateral view on branchlets (excluding rows where spines only partially visible). Distance between centers of bases of spines in same row
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FC34F4E2FB82F1F0" box="[922,1118,1497,1521]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.315" valueMax="0.36" valueMin="0.27">0.27 to 0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with about four spines per millimeter in each row (equivalent to four verticils per millimeter). Tubercles present on both polypar and abpolypar spines; conical, simple or double or triple peaked, some with fused apices developing into broad, shelflike edge; latter conditions resulting from fusions of adjacent tubercles. Size of tubercles quite variable; largest usually along distal edge; up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FD90F752FD73F280" box="[574,687,1641,1665]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.016">0.016 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Number of tubercles and number of fused tubercles vary from spine to spine and from branchlet to branchlet. Counts of tubercles made on three subsamples of schizotypes gave a mean density of 2.9 tubercles per 1000 µm
|
||
<superScript id="7AE89BA1FFA4FFE8FD28F78AFD52F2BE" attach="left" box="[646,654,1713,1727]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">2</superScript>
|
||
(N = 24). Spines having compound and fused tubercles occur more commonly on those parts of branchlets with a diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FCDEF7E3FC0FF2F1" box="[880,979,1752,1776]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(excluding spines), whereas thinner and thicker parts of branchlets usually only have simple tubercles (NOTE: branchlets exceeding about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FABAF7C7FAA7F312" box="[1300,1403,1788,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness were not available for examination). On spines where only simple tubercles present, about 25 to 30 tubercles per spine visible in lateral view (including tubercles on distal and proximal edges). On spines with fused tubercles, estimated number of original single tubercles as high as 40 or more. Because only a few branchlets of the type were available for study, it cannot be concluded that fused tubercles are typical of the species, and in the original description of the species, fused tubercles are not mentioned, nor are they shown in Brook’s illustration (Plate 12, fig. 25). Brook’s illustration, however, is of a branchlet only
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA4FFE8FC15F6EFFBFCF3ED" box="[955,1056,2004,2028]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and, as noted above, fused tubercles are not common on such thin branchlets. Additional subsamples from the type as well as additional specimens from the type locality are needed to determine how common fused tubercles are within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A9D4D6AFFA3FFEFFAAEF7C7FECEF336" authority="verticillata" authorityName="verticillata Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="verticillata" subSpecies="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA3FFEFFAAEF7C7FECEF336" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">A. verticillata verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also discussion of the specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4F59F80BFFA3FFEFFD5CF624FC8BF336" box="[754,855,1823,1847]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D9E26661FFA3FFEFFF39F7ADFA41F2AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5251712" box="[151,1437,1686,1709]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251712/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" startId="4.[151,250,1686,1709]" targetBox="[264,1323,153,1665]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA3FFEFFF39F7ADFA41F2AD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1686,1709]" box="[151,1437,1686,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA3FFEFFF39F7ADFECEF2AC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1686,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A9D4D6AFFA3FFEFFEB6F7ACFD13F2AC" authority="verticillata Brook" authorityName="verticillata Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[280,719,1687,1709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="verticillata" subSpecies="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA3FFEFFEB6F7ACFD55F2AC" box="[280,649,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
Brook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, schizoholotype (MCZ 68), spines on branchlets. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA3FFEFFF69F67AFAA5F39F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1753,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Brook reported that the polyps in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA3FFEFFDCBF679FD49F35B" box="[613,661,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are arranged in a regular longitudinal series and that there were about six polyps per centimeter. On the MCZ schizotypes, three to four polyps occur over a branchlet distance of
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA3FFEFFAFDF65FFA4BF37D" box="[1363,1431,1892,1916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, resulting in about seven polyps per centimeter. The transverse diameter of the individual polyps is about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA3FFEFFAB3F6BCFAA9F39F" box="[1309,1397,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2236E9FFA3FFEEFF69F692FC84F583" blockId="4.[151,1436,1753,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,387]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE9EAFBFFA3FFEFFF69F692FD7FF3C3" bold="true" box="[199,675,1961,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Description of specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4F59F80BFFA3FFEFFD81F692FD42F3C3" box="[559,670,1961,1986]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen consists of two branched pieces that may have come from the same colony, one is
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA3FFEFFE4EF6F7FDF9F3E5" box="[480,549,1996,2020]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall and the other
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA3FFEFFD5EF6F7FCE5F3E5" box="[752,825,1996,2020]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="42.0">42 cm</quantity>
|
||
. A uniserial branching pattern is common in both. The longest terminal branches are mostly
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFD91F1ACFD49F4AE" box="[575,661,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6−7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (maximum
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFCF4F1ACFC79F4AE" box="[858,933,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
). A
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFC7BF1ACFBD1F4AE" box="[981,1037,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
branchlet is about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFB48F1ACFAE0F4AE" box="[1254,1340,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in basal diameter excluding spines and
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFDAEF181FD84F4D3" box="[512,600,186,210]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
including spines. Spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="15A62A6CFFA2FFEEFC23F181FC0FF4D3" box="[909,979,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,438,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-186@5.[264,1323,438,1950]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphanipathes verticillata verticillata, specimen from Okinawa (USNM 99727); A and C, spines on small branchlet; B and D, spines on branch. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5251714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5251714/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) are quite variable in size; the polypar spines range from about
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFE1EF1E6FDB1F4F4" box="[432,621,221,245]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.18">0.18 to 0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
on terminal branchlets; the abpolypar spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFB32F1E6FA99F4F4" box="[1180,1349,221,245]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.12">0.12−0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Spines
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFF39F1C4FF26F516" box="[151,250,255,279]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall are found on branches
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFD83F1C4FD5EF516" box="[557,642,255,279]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Spacing of the spines in one row is generally
|
||
<quantity id="4A659B0CFFA2FFEEFABBF1C4FF1AF53B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.28" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.25">0.25 to 0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Spines on branchlets are similar to those in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA2FFEEFD56F018FCF4F53A" box="[760,808,291,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in having some double and triple tubercles, and a few fused tubercles with shelf-like edges. Average density of tubercles is also similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5226884BFFA2FFEEFB60F07DFADDF55F" box="[1230,1281,326,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, 2.9 per 1000 µm
|
||
<superScript id="7AE89BA1FFA2FFEEFF13F05CFF19F574" attach="left" box="[189,197,359,373]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">2</superScript>
|
||
(range 1.1−4.2 per 1000 µm
|
||
<superScript id="7AE89BA1FFA2FFEEFDA8F05CFDD2F574" attach="left" box="[518,526,359,373]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">2</superScript>
|
||
, N = 21). Polyps not present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |