315 lines
39 KiB
XML
315 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="8D408C733A0393A46C9A911EEFA58A88" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.955.2655" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-ZooBank="5D22E144-EF73-4085-9774-E853EEEC6001" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725983532136" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hegg, Danilo" docDate="2024" docId="03A47546FFCD7C5F65221A0FFE61D598" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.955.1-87.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 955 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2655/12275" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pteronemobius Jacobson 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF9D0D3EFFE17C7267151F74FFB5D244" masterDocTitle="Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1725983725435" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="07F9DE00FAEBF61C61F6C01B6B4CD9A6">Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="C093B80273FCBA6CEC3E8198DFD8A35C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AD2FFC6497FDF17230495C837A5132EF">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCD7C5E65221A0FFC48D7D1" box="[567,1021,1403,1430]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E659C1A0FFC48D7D1" ID-CoL="8NYDH" authority="Jacobson, 1904" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[649,1021,1403,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E659C1A0FFCF5D7D2" bold="true" box="[649,832,1403,1430]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCD7C5E64521A0FFC48D7D1" author="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L." box="[839,1021,1403,1429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref40028" refString="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L. 1904. Priamokrylyia i lozhnostchatokrylyia rossiiskoi Imperii. Izdanie A. F. Devriena, St. Petersburg [Leningrad], Russia. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1904">Jacobson, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCD7C5E67A81AC8FEC9D47F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A81AC8FCCAD793" blockId="44.[189,895,1468,1495]" box="[189,895,1468,1495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E67A81AC8FE54D792" ID-CoL="8NYDH" authority="Jacobson" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,481,1468,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E67A81AC8FEDBD792" box="[189,366,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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Jacobson
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AACE241FFCD7C5E65131AC8FCCED793" author="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L." box="[518,891,1468,1495]" page="450" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCD7C5E65131AC8FCCED793" author="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L." box="[518,891,1468,1495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref40028" refString="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L. 1904. Priamokrylyia i lozhnostchatokrylyia rossiiskoi Imperii. Izdanie A. F. Devriena, St. Petersburg [Leningrad], Russia. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1904">Jacobson & Bianchi, 1904: 450</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A81A8AFEC9D47F" blockId="44.[189,1398,1534,1595]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1DE37EFFCD7C5E67A81A8AFEC9D47F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E67A81A8AFEDBD45C" ID-CoL="8NYDH" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,366,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E67A81A8AFEDBD45C" box="[189,366,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AACE241FFCD7C5E66991A8AFCACD45C" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[396,793,1534,1560]" page="164" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCD7C5E66991A8AFCACD45C" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[396,793,1534,1560]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983: 164–167</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 124–125, table 10. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AACE241FFCD7C5E63751A8BFEACD47F" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." page="335" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCD7C5E63751A8BFEACD47F" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su 2019: 335– 336</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, table 9.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCD7C5E67A81917FC73D4EF" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A81917FEEDD438" blockId="44.[189,344,1634,1661]" box="[189,344,1634,1661]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0FA733CFFCD7C5E67A81917FEEDD438" bold="true" box="[189,344,1634,1661]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E67A81917FEEDD438" bold="true" box="[189,344,1634,1661]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFCD7C5E67A81917FF4FD439" box="[189,250,1635,1661]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A819E5FC73D4EF" blockId="44.[189,966,1681,1707]" box="[189,966,1681,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E67A819E5FCBFD4EF" ID-CoL="7L25N" authority="(Saussure, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[189,778,1681,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="heydenii" subSpecies="tartarus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E67A819E5FD8AD4EF" box="[189,575,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius heydenii tartarus</emphasis>
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(Saussure, 1874)
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</taxonomicName>
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by designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCD7C5E67A819A7FDB5D5C1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A819A7FEF1D4A9" blockId="44.[189,324,1747,1773]" box="[189,324,1747,1773]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<heading id="D0FA733CFFCD7C5E67A819A7FEF1D4A9" bold="true" box="[189,324,1747,1773]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E67A819A7FEF1D4A9" bold="true" box="[189,324,1747,1773]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCD7C5E67A81876FDB5D5C1" blockId="44.[189,1399,1793,1925]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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From the Ancient Greek πτερόν (‘pterón’), ‘wing’.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E64501875FC43D55F" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[837,1014,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E64501875FC43D55F" box="[837,1014,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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means ‘winged
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E63DF1875FA8AD55F" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[1226,1343,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Nemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E63DF1875FA8AD55F" box="[1226,1343,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Nemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’. In contrast to the wingless genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E65391850FCE4D57A" authority="Serville, 1838" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[556,849,1828,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Nemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E65391850FD14D57A" box="[556,673,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Nemobius</emphasis>
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Serville, 1838
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E644A1850FBA5D57A" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[863,1040,1828,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E644A1850FBA5D57A" box="[863,1040,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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often have hindwings and are able to fly.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCD7C5E662E1833FE59D525" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[315,492,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFCD7C5E662E1833FE59D525" box="[315,492,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is male gender. Ground crickets in this genus are often referred to as ‘common pygmy crickets’ in English.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCC7C5F67A81E7CFBC9D02F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81E7CFE83D366" blockId="45.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0FA733CFFCC7C5F67A81E7CFE83D366" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81E7CFE83D366" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81E43FBC9D02F" blockId="45.[189,1399,311,619]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Highly variable in size, from small to relatively large ground crickets, with a body length between
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<quantity id="4CF569B5FFCC7C5F62211E43FAC2D316" box="[1332,1399,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="4CF569B5FFCC7C5F67FA1E2EFE81D331" box="[239,308,346,373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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depending on species; coloration variegated light to dark brown. Forewings fully developed in both sexes and exceeding the combined length of head and pronotum. Twenty-five to forty percent of females have short forewings (
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFCC7C5F65361ED5FD18D3FF" box="[547,685,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 28. Live Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. A–C. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A. Adult ♂, Kohuroanaki Loop Track, Te Paki, Northland. B. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Awakino, Waikato. C. Fully winged adult ♀. Leitchs Clearing, Herangi Range. D–F. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. D. Adult ♂, Auckland. E. Fully winged adult ♀. Kerikeri, Northland. F. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Kerikeri, Northland. Note: all specimens are posed on unnatural backgrounds in captivity." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 28B, F</figureCitation>
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); 20% to 25% have long forewings (
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFCC7C5F63421ED5FB57D3FF" box="[1111,1250,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 28. Live Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. A–C. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A. Adult ♂, Kohuroanaki Loop Track, Te Paki, Northland. B. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Awakino, Waikato. C. Fully winged adult ♀. Leitchs Clearing, Herangi Range. D–F. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. D. Adult ♂, Auckland. E. Fully winged adult ♀. Kerikeri, Northland. F. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Kerikeri, Northland. Note: all specimens are posed on unnatural backgrounds in captivity." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 28C, E</figureCitation>
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). Hindwings are present in up to 40% of individuals in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFCC7C5F645B1EB0FC68D39A" box="[846,989,452,478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[189,1398,561,1776]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 28. Live Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. A–C. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A. Adult ♂, Kohuroanaki Loop Track, Te Paki, Northland. B. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Awakino, Waikato. C. Fully winged adult ♀. Leitchs Clearing, Herangi Range. D–F. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. D. Adult ♂, Auckland. E. Fully winged adult ♀. Kerikeri, Northland. F. Adult ♀ with short forewings. Kerikeri, Northland. Note: all specimens are posed on unnatural backgrounds in captivity." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 28C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stridulatory apparatus complete. Tympana present on posterior side of Tibia I. Tibia III with three or four outer and four inner subapical spurs in both sexes, alternate. The fourth inner subapical spur in males is small, glandular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFCC7C5F62141D7EFAC7D060" box="[1281,1394,522,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,266,1778]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 23. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A–B. Lateral and frontal view of head, adult ♀. Herangi Range (MPN OR0219). C. Glandular sub-apical spur (tsai4) on dorsal inner edge of tibia III in adult ♂. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0214). D. Left hindwing in female, dorsal view. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0346). E. Egg. Coromandel (MPN OR0397). F–G. Apex of ovipositor. Herangi Range (MPN OR0219). F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view. H. Ovipositor, lateral view. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0204). Scale bars = 500 μm." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 23C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFCC7C5F67A81D59FF47D00C" box="[189,242,557,584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,615,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-139@52.[206,1381,595,1810]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 25. Pteronemobius cf.arima Otte &Alexander, 1983. A–B. Lateral and frontal view of head, adult♀. A. Spirits Bay, Northland (MPN OR0248). B. Kerikeri, Northland (MPN OR0223). C. Glandular subapical spur (tsai4) on dorsal inner edge of tibia III in adult ♂. Kerikeri (MPN OR0234). D. Egg. Maitai Bay, Northland (MPN OR0366). E–F. Apex of ovipositor. Spirits Bay (MPN OR0248). E. Dorsal view. F. Lateral view. G. Ovipositor, lateral view. Kerikeri (MPN OR0225). Scale bars = 500 μm." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">25C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length of Tibia III outer ventral apical spur approx. 80% that of ventral inner apical spur. Length of Tarsomere III-1 outer apical spur approx. 50% to 60% that of inner apical spur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCC7C5F67A81DE6FCEFD196" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81DE6FEC0D0E8" blockId="45.[189,373,658,684]" box="[189,373,658,684]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0FA733CFFCC7C5F67A81DE6FEC0D0E8" bold="true" box="[189,373,658,684]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81DE6FEC0D0E8" bold="true" box="[189,373,658,684]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81DB5FCA2D09F" blockId="45.[189,791,704,731]" box="[189,791,704,731]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFCC7C5F67FB1DB5FEFDD09E" box="[238,328,704,731]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="46.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 6 (continued on next page). Adult male and female measurements in the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. All abbreviations used here are explained in the Material and methods section. All counts and measurements are median values, followed by minimum and maximum values in brackets. N indicates the sample size." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
. No sexual dimorphism in body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81C77FDACD104" blockId="45.[189,1399,770,832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
For a detailed description of this genus in the Australian region, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F64C01C76FAC7D158" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[981,1394,770,796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983: 164–167)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F67A81C52FDA0D104" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[189,533,805,832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su (2019: 335–336)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81C12FE0DD1C5" blockId="45.[189,440,870,897]" box="[189,440,870,897]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0FA733CFFCC7C5F67A81C12FE0DD1C5" bold="true" box="[189,440,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81C12FE0DD1C5" bold="true" box="[189,440,870,897]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Habitat and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81CE1FCEFD196" blockId="45.[189,1398,917,979]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Primarily nocturnal singers, may start singing in the late afternoon or evening on overcast days. Most commonly found next to water, or in saturated meadows.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCC7C5F67A81C8EFECED6E8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81C8EFEE3D650" blockId="45.[189,342,1018,1044]" box="[189,342,1018,1044]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0FA733CFFCC7C5F67A81C8EFEE3D650" bold="true" box="[189,342,1018,1044]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81C8EFEE3D650" bold="true" box="[189,342,1018,1044]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81B5DFECED6E8" blockId="45.[189,1399,1064,1197]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F67F51B5DFE36D606" box="[224,387,1064,1091]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, primarily in North Island, but range expanding;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F64C91B5CFAB3D606" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[988,1286,1064,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F64C91B5CFAB3D606" box="[988,1286,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first recorded in the northern South Island in
|
||
<date id="FFB3E290FFCC7C5F659A1B3FFCA9D622" box="[655,796,1099,1126]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2023-03">March 2023</date>
|
||
(iNaturalist 152116367). Not a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F63981B38FA9DD621" box="[1165,1320,1099,1126]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
native genus; both species are recent introductions from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F64121B1BFCC3D6CD" box="[775,886,1135,1161]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Also found on Nortfolk Island; possibly in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F67A81BE7FEC2D6E8" box="[189,375,1170,1197]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFCC7C5F67A81BA0FE61D598" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81BA0FE9AD6AA" blockId="45.[189,303,1236,1262]" box="[189,303,1236,1262]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0FA733CFFCC7C5F67A81BA0FE9AD6AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81BA0FE9AD6AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,1236,1262]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFCC7C5F67A81A76FE61D598" blockId="45.[189,1400,1282,2012]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F66591A76FE4BD758" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[332,510,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F66591A76FE4BD758" box="[332,510,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently includes 104 species spread across all continents except for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F67A81A51FE8DD77B" box="[189,312,1317,1343]" name="Antarctica" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F66581A51FDF8D77B" author="Cigliano M. M. & Braun H. & Eades D. & Otte D." box="[333,589,1317,1343]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref38837" refString="Cigliano M. M., Braun H., Eades D. C & Otte D. 2023. Orthoptera Species File. Available from http: // orthoptera. speciesfile. org / [accessed 5 Dec. 2023]." type="url" year="2023">
|
||
Cigliano
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F66D41A52FDB4D77B" box="[449,513,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFCC7C5F65B51A52FD66D704" box="[672,723,1318,1344]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F64741A51FEB0D726" authority="(Saussure, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="heydenii" subSpecies="tartarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F64741A51FB45D77B" box="[865,1264,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius heydenii tartarus</emphasis>
|
||
(Saussure, 1874)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the regions surrounding the Caspian Sea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F645A1A3CFBB8D727" author="Chopard L." box="[847,1037,1352,1379]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="397 - 533" refId="ref38770" refString="Chopard L. 1951. A revision of the Australian Grylloidea. Records of the South Australian Museum 9: 397 - 533." type="journal article" year="1951">Chopard (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved the Australian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F67A81A1FFDDCD7C2" authority="Saussure, 1877" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,617,1387,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Nemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67A81A1FFE19D7C1" box="[189,428,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nemobius truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F66A01A18FDDCD7C2" author="de Saussure H." box="[437,617,1388,1414]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="169 - 504" refId="ref41290" refString="de Saussure H. 1877. Melanges orthopterologiques V. Fascicule Gryllides. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 25 (1): 169 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8541" type="journal article" year="1877">Saussure, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F65851A1FFCF7D7C1" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[656,834,1387,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F65851A1FFCF7D7C1" box="[656,834,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of a glandular subapical spur (tsai4) on the inner edge of Tibia III in males.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F64271AFBFC5CD7ED" author="Vickery V. R." box="[818,1001,1423,1449]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="419 - 424" refId="ref42056" refString="Vickery V. R. 1973. Notes on Pteronemobius and a new genus of the tribe Pteronemobiini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Nemobiinae). The Canadian Entomologist 105 (3): 419 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 105419 - 3" type="journal article" year="1973">Vickery (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F63D41AFBFACDD7ED" authorityName="Vickery" authorityYear="1973" box="[1217,1400,1423,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pteronemobiini">Pteronemobiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the same character and noted that “many species which still remain in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F63641AC6FE98D7AB" authority="(sensu Chopard)" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F63641AC6FA96D788" box="[1137,1315,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
(sensu Chopard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be studied”, and that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F659C1AA1FBB6D7AB" authority="(sensu Chopard)" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" box="[649,1027,1493,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F659C1AA1FC8ED7AB" box="[649,827,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
(sensu Chopard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a heterogeneous assemblage, according to current morphological and cytological information”. Nonetheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F638C1A8CFEB9D472" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F66521968FD9DD472" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[327,552,1564,1590]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
kept the Australian species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F6483196FFBFDD471" box="[918,1096,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F6483196FFBFDD471" box="[918,1096,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the former in fact added several species to the genus. Desutter-Grandcolas (2016) designated the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F63BE194BFA80D41D" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas" authorityYear="2016" box="[1195,1333,1599,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Caledonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F63BE194BFA80D41D" box="[1195,1333,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Caledonina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFCC7C5F67AB1916FECFD438" box="[190,378,1634,1660]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which also has a glandular subapical spur on Tibia III in males, but placed it in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F67EE19F1FECFD4DB" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[251,378,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemobiini">Nemobiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on molecular data, noting that her data “validate the occurrence of species with a tibial gland in males within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F655819DCFD7AD486" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[589,719,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemobiini">Nemobiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a character used up to now to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F63BE19DCFADCD486" authorityName="Vickery" authorityYear="1973" box="[1195,1385,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pteronemobiini">Pteronemobiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Indeed, the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F650019BFFBE3D4A1" authority="Desutter-Grandcolas, 2016" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas" authorityYear="2016" box="[533,1110,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Caledonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chopardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F650019BFFCA4D4A1" box="[533,785,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Caledonina chopardi</emphasis>
|
||
Desutter-Grandcolas, 2016
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly resemble those of the Australian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F6517199BFC40D54D" authority="(Saussure, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[514,1013,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F6517199BFCAFD54D" box="[514,794,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius regulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F6425199BFC5BD54D" author="de Saussure H." box="[816,1006,1775,1801]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="169 - 504" refId="ref41290" refString="de Saussure H. 1877. Melanges orthopterologiques V. Fascicule Gryllides. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 25 (1): 169 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8541" type="journal article" year="1877">Saussure, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare Desutter-Grandcolas 2016: fig. 9f–h with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F66A21866FD63D568" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[439,726,1810,1836]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 130j). Based on this information, I believe the two species included here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F66F31841FD2DD50B" box="[486,664,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F66F31841FD2DD50B" box="[486,664,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not belong to this genus at all and could even be placed in the wrong tribe. It is, however, outside of the scope of this work to resolve the wider systematics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F67A8180FFEFBD5D1" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,334,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nemobiinae">Nemobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Australian region. The brief diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F64A0180FFBD2D5D1" box="[949,1127,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F64A0180FFBD2D5D1" box="[949,1127,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given here is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFCC7C5F67A818EBFE17D5FD" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[189,418,1951,1977]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is valid for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F65A218EBFCDCD5FD" box="[695,873,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F65A218EBFCDCD5FD" box="[695,873,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Australian region, and may not apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFCC7C5F67C918B6FE3BD598" box="[220,398,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFCC7C5F67C918B6FE3BD598" box="[220,398,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24AA539FFCC7C5F668018B6FE61D598" box="[405,468,1986,2012]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |