293 lines
38 KiB
XML
293 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7E7447D0FC26880025AD42234D410144">Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05374A6D9B412DCDC4CCF22DBE191229">Solórzano-García, Brenda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6355ECC683F4A02DC62061C8A9353985">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70 - 153, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico & Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70 - 275, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1A65B585C7C11517609E1DD1537BF682">Ospina, Andrés Link</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="46E3418B344CE95E742A8C14F5E22492">Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 Nº 18 A- 12, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="483992018F2B47C51A8C98CC62AD3D70">Rondón, Silvia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A8EBE60541AC8DBADD0F32AC4BA1BFB">Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N ̊ 18 A- 12, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C9FAEE53BA9033E29FEF2C2789A1FACD">León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFAE11B10A4817FB54513BB031CB55EA">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70 - 153, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A9FAAB43BA9F0DF0B097A6BC27B15291">International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6209D165149E8690805C19C91E55CFEB">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B02B8F74FFAAC56F3B39F89513B482D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B02B8F74FFAAC56F3B39F89513B482D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B02B8F74FFAAC56F3B39F89513B482D4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="70986DE9FFAAC56E3B39F89512BB8035" box="[818,1216,1833,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFAAC56E3B39F89512BB8035" blockId="4.[818,1487,1833,1992]" box="[818,1216,1833,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="6375890EFFAAC56E3B39F89512BB8035" box="[818,1216,1833,1852]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" reason="8">
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<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFAAC56E3B39F89512BB8035" bold="true" box="[818,1216,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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3.1.4.
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<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFAAC56E3B79F89512468035" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[882,1085,1833,1852]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="sp. nov.">Trypanoxyuris kotudoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFAAC56E3C48F895120F8035" box="[1091,1140,1833,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFAAC56E3C8FF89512CC8035" box="[1156,1207,1833,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1042,1059]" captionTargetBox="[302,1286,153,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-688@7.[301,1287,152,1019]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Trypanoxyuris kotudoi n. sp. (A) Male full body, lateral view. (B) Male cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male posterior end, ventral view; (D) Male posterior end, lateral view, (E) Female full body, lateral view; (F) Female cephalic end, apical view; (G) Female cross section showing lateral alae; (H) Egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668126/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="70986DE9FFAAC56F3B58F8F917D582EC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFAAC56E3B58F8F9137280A5" blockId="4.[818,1487,1833,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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||
Description based on
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<specimenCount id="2E84F5EBFFAAC56E3C2DF8F912D18051" box="[1062,1194,1861,1880]" count="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
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. Buccal aperture delimited by three notched lips, dorsal and left ventral lip are bilobulated; right ventral lip with a salient square-shaped edge at the inner region; lobes in the left ventral lip approximately symmetrical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFAAC56E3B58F80913B480C1" blockId="4.[818,1487,1833,1992]" box="[851,1487,1973,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Females (n = 19): Lips show discrete lateral indentations in the</paragraph>
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<caption id="6CFD6EEAFFABC56F386FFB9E135C8344" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10668122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668122/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" startId="5.[100,130,1058,1075]" targetBox="[302,1286,153,1035]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FFB9E135C8344" blockId="5.[100,1488,1058,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F386FFB9E1717833A" bold="true" box="[100,364,1058,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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Fig. 3.
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<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F38A8FB9E1717833A" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,364,1058,1075]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="keumimae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F38A8FB9E1717833A" bold="true" box="[163,364,1058,1075]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Trypanoxyuris keumimae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F397AFB9E17E4833A" box="[369,415,1058,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(A) Female full body, lateral view. (B) Female cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male cephalic end, apical view, (D) Male full body, lateral view; (E) Male posterior end, lateral view, (F) Male posterior end, ventral view; (G) Female cross section showing lateral alae (H) Egg.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FFBC7147883CC" blockId="5.[100,770,1147,1333]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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upper border, bilateral in the dorsal lip, while unilateral in the most ventral border in both ventral lips. Lateral alae double crested (
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<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3AC8FB2B157983A3" box="[707,770,1175,1194]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[338,1250,156,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-463@6.[335,1253,152,1125]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM of buccal structures of females of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the lateral indentations. Black arrow pointing at the square-shaped edge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3885FB0E16E183CC" box="[142,154,1202,1221]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1042,1059]" captionTargetBox="[302,1286,153,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-688@7.[301,1287,152,1019]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Trypanoxyuris kotudoi n. sp. (A) Male full body, lateral view. (B) Male cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male posterior end, ventral view; (D) Male posterior end, lateral view, (E) Female full body, lateral view; (F) Female cephalic end, apical view; (G) Female cross section showing lateral alae; (H) Egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668126/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">5</figureCitation>
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). Measurements are given in
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<tableCitation id="75000BD9FFABC56F39BDFB0E178683CC" box="[438,509,1202,1221]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[100,150,161,178]" captionText="Table 2 Measurements of adult female Trypanoxyuris recovered from Colombian red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and its comparison with other closely related species of Trypanoxyuris from howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.). Measurements are presented in micrometres (μm) unless otherwise noted. Mean values in parentheses." pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F388EFB721496823C" blockId="5.[100,770,1147,1333]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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Males (n = 9). Lips with discrete notches compared to females; indentations in the outer border are not observable; arch between lobes significantly smaller in the left ventral lip compared with the dorsal lip (
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<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3867FA9E16D9823C" box="[108,162,1314,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1138,1155]" captionTargetBox="[336,1252,153,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[335,1253,152,1116]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. SEM of buccal structures of males of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the sharp protuberances formed as a result of the notches in the lips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Tail appendage absent. Measurements are given in
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<tableCitation id="75000BD9FFABC56F3AABFA9E1496823C" box="[672,749,1314,1333]" captionStart-0="Table 3" captionStart-1="Table 4" captionStartId-0="3.[100,150,1494,1511]" captionStartId-1="9.[100,150,1608,1625]" captionText-0="Table 3 Measurements of adult male Trypanoxyuris recovered from Colombian red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and its comparison with other closely related species of Trypanoxyuris from howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.). Measurements are presented in micrometres (μm) unless otherwise noted. Mean values in parentheses." captionText-1="Table 4 Mean genetic divergence between Trypanoxyuris from howler monkeys. Uncorrected p-distance expressed as percentage (± SE). 28S divergence above the diagonal; COI divergence below the diagonal. Bold numbers on diagonal indicate COI genetic divergence within species." pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Table 3.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FFADE169B82A4" blockId="5.[100,771,1378,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F386FFADE16918298" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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3.1.4.1. Taxonomic summary. Type-host:
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<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F39D7FADE14A0827C" authority="(Linneus, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linneus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[476,731,1378,1397]" class="Mammalia" family="Atelidae" genus="Alouatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seniculus">A. seniculus (Linneus, 1766)</taxonomicName>
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, red howler monkey
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F38F0FAC217F88298" bold="true" box="[251,387,1406,1425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Site of infection</emphasis>
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: Not determined (samples were obtained from faeces).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F388EFA0A17D582EC" blockId="5.[100,771,1378,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F388EFA0A168C82C0" bold="true" box="[133,247,1462,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Type-locality</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="88EA343FFFABC56F3908FA0A17D182EC" country="Colombia" elevation="150" location="San Juan del Carare" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="150" stateProvince="Santander">
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<location id="3D5D68B9FFABC56F3908FA0A17BB82C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B02B8F74FFAAC56F3B39F89513B482D4:3D5D68B9FFABC56F3908FA0A17BB82C0" box="[259,448,1462,1481]" country="Colombia" name="San Juan del Carare" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Santander">San Juan del Carare</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="FA46F080FFABC56F39C2FA0A14E482C0" box="[457,671,1462,1481]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Santander Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="40957EF2FFABC56F3AA3FA0A157982C0" box="[680,770,1462,1481]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(06̊ 43 N, 74̊ 09′W;
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<specimenCount id="2E84F5EBFFABC56F393AFA6E170282EC" box="[305,377,1490,1509]" count="150" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
|
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<quantity id="FF7A9387FFABC56F393AFA6E170E82EC" box="[305,373,1490,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="150.0">
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||
<elevation id="B3AFD951FFABC56F393AFA6E170E82EC" box="[305,373,1490,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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a.s.l.)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70986DE9FFABC56F388EFA5217C4815C" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F388EFA5216DC8114" blockId="5.[100,771,1378,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F388EFA5217788108" bold="true" box="[133,259,1518,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="88EA343FFFABC56F391FFA5216DC8114" collectionCode="CNHE" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E73980C0FFABC56F391FFA5217168108" box="[276,365,1518,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="5E93A6A7FFABC56F3971FA5217CD8108" box="[378,438,1518,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">CNHE</collectionCode>
|
||
: No 11216,
|
||
<typeStatus id="E73980C0FFABC56F3A38FA5214F58108" box="[563,654,1518,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="5E93A6A7FFABC56F3A93FA5214AF8108" box="[664,724,1518,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">CNHE</collectionCode>
|
||
: No. 11217.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F388EF99A17C4815C" blockId="5.[100,771,1378,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F388EF99A17758130" bold="true" box="[133,270,1574,1593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">No individuals</emphasis>
|
||
: 28/99 (28.3%) of the recovered specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F386FF9FE169E815C" authorityName="Vevers" authorityYear="1923" box="[100,229,1602,1621]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F386FF9FE169E815C" bold="true" box="[100,229,1602,1621]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Trypanoxyuris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="70986DE9FFABC56F388EF9E113B482D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F388EF9E1172081A1" blockId="5.[100,771,1378,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F388EF9E1169A8179" bold="true" box="[133,225,1629,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: The specific epithet derives from a combination of the Quechua word for red howler monkeys “kotu”, and its common name in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40957EF2FFABC56F386FF92916C581A1" box="[100,190,1685,1704]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
“mono cotudo”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FF96915798099" blockId="5.[100,770,1749,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F386FF969177881E1" bold="true" box="[100,259,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">3.1.4.2. Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3AABF969157981E1" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[672,770,1749,1768]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="seunimii" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3AABF969157981E1" bold="true" box="[672,770,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. seunimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F386FF94D16E0800D" box="[100,155,1777,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and both species can be found in mixed infections in the same individual host. The presence of two bilobulated lips and double crested lateral alae in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3961F89517B08035" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[362,459,1833,1852]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3961F89517B08035" bold="true" box="[362,459,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F39DEF89514758035" box="[469,526,1833,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differentiates it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3AE4F89516D68051" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="seunimii" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3AE4F89516D68051" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. seunimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F38BEF8F916918051" box="[181,234,1861,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Males of these two species are readily distinguished by the absence of a tail appendage in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F39B0F8DD1462807D" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[443,537,1889,1908]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F39B0F8DD1462807D" bold="true" box="[443,537,1889,1908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3A2AF8DD1423807D" box="[545,600,1889,1908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; additionally, the oval shape of the right ventral lip, rather than a triangular shape
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FF825157980A5" blockId="5.[100,770,1749,1992]" box="[100,770,1944,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
differentiate it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F392CF82517F180A5" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[295,394,1945,1964]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="seunimii" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F392CF82517F180A5" bold="true" box="[295,394,1945,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. seunimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F399AF82517BE80A5" box="[401,453,1945,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F39D8F825147280A5" box="[467,521,1945,1964]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1138,1155]" captionTargetBox="[336,1252,153,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[335,1253,152,1116]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. SEM of buccal structures of males of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the sharp protuberances formed as a result of the notches in the lips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3A15F825149280A5" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[542,745,1945,1964]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3A15F825149280A5" bold="true" box="[542,745,1945,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Trypanoxyuris kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3AFBF825157980A5" box="[752,770,1945,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F386FF80913B483CC" blockId="5.[100,770,1749,1992]" lastBlockId="5.[818,1487,1147,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
sp. also resembles
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3911F809170A80C1" bold="true" box="[282,369,1973,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3911F809171780C1" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[282,364,1973,1992]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">T. pigrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but several traits can help to distinguish between these two species: the square-shaped salient edge in the right ventral lip of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3BBDFB2B126883A3" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[950,1043,1175,1194]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3BBDFB2B126883A3" bold="true" box="[950,1043,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3C10FB2B122B83A3" box="[1051,1104,1175,1194]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
rather than flat inner edge shown in
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3DB6FB2B151683CC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3DB6FB2B151283CC" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">T. pigrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the symmetric versus asymmetric lobes of the left ventral lip in
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F3B39FB7213B483E8" blockId="5.[818,1487,1147,1501]" box="[818,1487,1230,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3B90FB72158383E8" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[923,1016,1230,1249]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3B90FB72158383E8" bold="true" box="[923,1016,1230,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3BF4FB72124F83E8" box="[1023,1076,1230,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3CB1FB72137183E8" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[1210,1290,1230,1249]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3CB1FB72137183E8" bold="true" box="[1210,1290,1230,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. pigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3D11FB72132B83E8" box="[1306,1360,1230,1249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[338,1250,156,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-463@6.[335,1253,152,1125]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM of buccal structures of females of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the lateral indentations. Black arrow pointing at the square-shaped edge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); the narrow
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383D3E62FFABC56F3B39FB5613B482D4" blockId="5.[818,1487,1147,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
arch between lobes in the dorsal lip of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3CA3FB56137E83F4" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[1192,1285,1258,1277]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3CA3FB56137E83F4" bold="true" box="[1192,1285,1258,1277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3D07FB56133B83F4" box="[1292,1344,1258,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to a wider arch in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3BB8FABA127B8210" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[947,1024,1286,1305]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3BB8FABA127B8210" bold="true" box="[947,1024,1286,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. pigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3C06FABA123A8210" box="[1037,1089,1286,1305]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[338,1250,156,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-463@6.[335,1253,152,1125]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM of buccal structures of females of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the lateral indentations. Black arrow pointing at the square-shaped edge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); and the double crested alae in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3B39FA9E15EB823C" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[818,912,1314,1333]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3B39FA9E15EB823C" bold="true" box="[818,912,1314,1333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3B93FA9E15B5823C" box="[920,974,1314,1333]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
while single crested in
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3CB3FA9E136B823C" bold="true" box="[1208,1296,1314,1333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3CB3FA9E1370823C" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[1208,1291,1314,1333]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">T. pigrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Males of these two species distinguish from each other by the lack of tail appendage in the new species, and the sharp protuberances formed as a result of the notches in the lips, which are observable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3D1DFACA13168280" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[1302,1389,1398,1417]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3D1DFACA13168280" bold="true" box="[1302,1389,1398,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. pigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0B922E7FFABC56F3D88FACA13BA8280" box="[1411,1473,1398,1417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1138,1155]" captionTargetBox="[336,1252,153,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[335,1253,152,1116]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. SEM of buccal structures of males of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the sharp protuberances formed as a result of the notches in the lips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the host, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3C48FA2E12EF82AC" authorityName="Solorzano, Nadler & Perez Ponce De Leon" authorityYear="2016" box="[1091,1172,1426,1445]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3C48FA2E12EF82AC" bold="true" box="[1091,1172,1426,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. pigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3CFEFA2E134582AC" box="[1269,1342,1426,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Atelidae" genus="Alouatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3CFEFA2E134582AC" bold="true" box="[1269,1342,1426,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">A. pigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3D79FA2E13B482AC" authority="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León, 2020" authorityName="Solórzano-García & Ospina & Rondón & León" authorityYear="2020" box="[1394,1487,1426,1445]" class="Chromadorea" family="Oxyuridae" genus="Trypanoxyuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kotudoi" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3D79FA2E13B482AC" bold="true" box="[1394,1487,1426,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T. kotudoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11C55F0BFFABC56F3B39FA12151F82C8" box="[818,868,1454,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
found in
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF6E270FFABC56F3BB6FA12125782C8" bold="true" box="[957,1068,1454,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8245E1FFABC56F3BB6FA12125382C8" baseAuthorityName="Linneus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[957,1064,1454,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Atelidae" genus="Alouatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seniculus">A. seniculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Egg size and shape are highly similar among species, making these characters not useful for species level diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |