723 lines
92 KiB
XML
723 lines
92 KiB
XML
<document id="9F35F4A9AA664516A70B673BAB8D7DDE" ID-CLB-Dataset="6511" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60b20347-bd1b-438d-b572-79963e90c61b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749043" ID-ZooBank="3B93D7A3-5624-4EA0-8EBE-9814386FF44E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620737343650" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bromley-Schnur, Heather J." docDate="2021" docId="03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4969.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4969 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dugesia Girard 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="FFD0257AFFF0FFA9C863FF951812FF89" masterDocTitle="The genus Phagocata Leidy (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Israel, a new species of Phagocata from Lake Kinneret, and an emended description of Dugesia salina" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698938684648" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0D07405446C0D7FA7487DD1801FDC3C2">The genus Phagocata Leidy (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Israel, a new species of Phagocata from Lake Kinneret, and an emended description of Dugesia salina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FD59CF6C332F781AE8CCBA338BA401B">Bromley-Schnur, Heather J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="299AEA7BD0BE73247B094C0E8D7A41F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="362458B6E13B2FCDB47427D012A84AC7">
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<mods:date id="FC474B4AAEE763C56B0E41348616C026">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8424A6A02A8CDDE5BF070B3138B7E359">2021-05-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BFF9FF1AE5488A5FA4DCB54BBECD1CFE">4969</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C2B3D20426ADFCAF20B2324B41A88597" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784192" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4784192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFFEFFA7C8F4F97F19E9F88D" box="[151,507,1770,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFEFFA7C8F4F97F19E9F88D" blockId="14.[151,507,1770,1797]" box="[151,507,1770,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="D0B75B78FFFEFFA7C8F4F97F19E9F88D" bold="true" box="[151,507,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9343006FFFEFFA7C8F4F97F19E9F88D" bold="true" box="[151,507,1770,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFFEFFA7C88DF97E19E9F88D" authority="Girard, 1850" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[238,507,1770,1797]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="307" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFEFFA7C88DF97E1943F88C" bold="true" box="[238,337,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
Girard, 1850
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFFEFFA6C8F4F8A71A5CFF5D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="14" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFEFFA7C8F4F8A71BDBF8C4" blockId="14.[151,1437,1842,2013]" box="[151,969,1842,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
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||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFEFFA7C8F4F8A719FBF8C4" bold="true" box="[151,489,1842,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFFEFFA7C9E4F8A619FBF8C4" box="[391,489,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: HUJ.Oct.1, Sagittal sections on 18 slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFEFFA7C8A4F8C31D1CF854" blockId="14.[151,1437,1842,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFEFFA7C8A4F8C31996F8F9" bold="true" box="[199,388,1878,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse sections on 24 slides (HUJ.Oct.2), sagittal sections on 11 slides (HUJ.Oct.3) and transverse sections on 11 slides (HUJ.Oct.5). Material was collected during the summers and winters of 1971–1974 and ex-fissiparous specimens were obtained in the laboratory. The material is deposited in the Zoological Collections of the Department of Ecology, Systematics and Evolution, Hebrew University,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498422F6FFFEFFA7CC29F8561CAFF854" box="[1098,1213,1987,2013]" country="Israel" name="Jerusalem" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">Jerusalem</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFFEFFA7CCABF8561D18F854" box="[1224,1290,1987,2013]" name="Israel" pageId="14" pageNumber="307">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFFFFA6C8A4FF031A5CFF5D" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B28E649FFFFFFA6C8A4FF031A58FF5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117132306" latitude="32.873165" location="Lake Kinneret" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.548973" municipality="Lake Tiberias" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C8A4FF03194DFF39" bold="true" box="[199,351,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFFFFFA6C8A4FF031910FF39" box="[199,258,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: En Sheva (Tabgha),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CA2EFF031ACAFF39" box="[589,728,150,176]" degrees="32.873166" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="32.873165">N32.873166</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CABCFF031B78FF38" box="[735,874,150,177]" degrees="35.548973" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="35.548973">E35.548973</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, a saline spring on the north-western shore of
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CD07FF0318EEFF5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CD07FF0318EEFF5D" latitude="32.873165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.548973" municipality="Lake Tiberias" name="Lake Kinneret" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Lake Kinneret</location>
|
||
, also known as
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFFFFFA6C9CEFF2F1A58FF5D" box="[429,586,186,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Lake Tiberias</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFFFFFBBC8A4FF4B1D3BFE58" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFFFFA6C8A4FF4B1943FE47" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C8A4FF4B1950FF71" bold="true" box="[199,322,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFFFFFA6C92AFF4A19E0FF71" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[329,498,222,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C92AFF4A19E0FF71" box="[329,498,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by occupying a very distinct saline habitat. It has a low triangularshaped head with hardly discernible auricles; it is pale brown or grey in colour dorsally, and very pale or white ventrally. Ex-fissiparous specimens have a large well-developed penis, which is situated to the left and slightly anterior to the larger adenodactyl which has a well-developed lumen in the distal part. The penis papilla is large and cylindrical and blunt at its tip where it bends ventrally. There is a distinct funnel-shaped diaphragm separating the seminal vesicle and the ejaculatory duct; the opening of the ejaculatory duct is terminal. Chromosome portrait: diploid, 2n = 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFFFFA6C8A4FE4D1CCAFDB3" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C8A4FE4D1962FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,368,472,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Habitat notes.</emphasis>
|
||
En Sheva is a complex of several springs of varying salinities, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFFFFFA6CC16FE4C1D0DFE7B" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1141,1311,472,498]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6CC16FE4C1D0DFE7B" box="[1141,1311,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found on the undersides of basalt rocks in a small spring-fed pool about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFFFFFA6CB1AFE691BB7FD9E" box="[889,933,508,535]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
south of an octagonal building enclosing the largest spring. The salinity was in the region of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFFFFFA6CACEFDB51B02FDB3" box="[685,784,544,571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" unit="mg" value="1500.0">1500 mg</quantity>
|
||
/l Cl´ and the temperature was 25–27
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFFFFFA6CCD5FDB51CC6FDB3" attach="right" box="[1206,1236,544,570]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">oC</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFFFFA6C8A4FDD11C81FC99" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFFFFFA6C8A4FDD1197CFDD4" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[199,366,579,605]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C8A4FDD1197CFDD4" box="[199,366,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also found at two other saline locations, namely, En Soda,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CC4BFDD61CCFFDD7" box="[1064,1245,579,606]" degrees="32.518836777" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="32.518837">N32.518836777</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CC80FDD61D8AFDD7" box="[1251,1432,579,606]" degrees="35.534845127" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="35.534843">E35.534845127</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, a saline spring several km south of
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CA7EFDF21AACFD08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CA7EFDF21AACFD08" box="[541,702,615,641]" country="Jordan" county="River" latitude="32.67744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.57061" municipality="Lake" name="Lake Kinneret" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Lake Kinneret</location>
|
||
(salinity ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFFFFFA6CB58FDF21B8CFD08" box="[827,926,615,641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" unit="mg" value="1200.0">1200 mg</quantity>
|
||
/l Cl´, temperature 24–27
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFFFFFA6CCD9FDF21CC5FD08" attach="right" box="[1210,1239,615,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">oC</superScript>
|
||
), and in the River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFFFFFA6C8F4FD1E18F0FD2C" box="[151,226,651,677]" name="Jordan" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
near its outlet from
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6C9A5FD1E1A78FD2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6C9A5FD1E1A78FD2C" box="[454,618,651,677]" country="Jordan" county="River" latitude="32.67744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.57061" municipality="Lake" name="Lake Kinneret" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Lake Kinneret</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CA16FD1E1B38FD2C" box="[629,810,651,677]" degrees="32.677439367" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="32.67744">N32.677439367</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFFFFFA6CB52FD1E1BF1FD2F" box="[817,995,651,678]" degrees="35.570610941" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="35.57061">E35.570610941</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(temperature 15–26
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFFFFFA6CCA9FD1E1CFAFD2C" attach="right" box="[1226,1256,651,677]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">oC</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CC9FFD1E1D3CFD2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFFFFFA6CC9FFD1E1D3CFD2C" box="[1276,1326,651,677]" country="Jordan" county="River" latitude="32.67744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.57061" municipality="Lake" name="This" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">This</location>
|
||
latter site is where water from several saline springs on the western lake shore (including En Sheva), which prior to 1965 drained directly into the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFFFFFA6C9CCFD4719F8FD65" box="[431,490,722,748]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Lake</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, are now collected in a saltwater channel (the saltwater carrier) and discharged into the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="629E9498FFFFFFA6C8A3FD6318ECFC99" box="[192,254,758,784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">River</collectingCounty>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFFFFFA6C965FD631943FC99" box="[262,337,758,784]" name="Jordan" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
south of the Lake. No other triclads were found at any of these three sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFFFFFA6C8F4F80F1974F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749067/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" startId="15.[151,250,1946,1970]" targetBox="[243,1346,844,1868]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFFFFFA6C8F4F80F1974F873" blockId="15.[151,1437,1946,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C8F4F80F1906F83B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1946,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFFFFFA6C97FF80E19A4F83B" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[284,438,1946,1970]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFFFFFA6C97FF80E19A4F83B" box="[284,438,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="308">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from En Sheva. A. Dorsal view of mature specimen (from whole mount). B. Dorsal view of live asexual animal. C. Dorsal view of copulatory apparatus, from whole mount and sections. Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFE0FFB9C8F4F8031B65F87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749069/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="309" startId="16.[151,250,1942,1966]" targetBox="[209,1359,249,1850]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE0FFB9C8F4F8031B65F87E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1942,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE0FFB9C8F4F803190DF827" bold="true" box="[151,287,1942,1966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE0FFB9C946F80219AFF827" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[293,445,1942,1966]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="16" pageNumber="309" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE0FFB9C946F80219AFF827" box="[293,445,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="309">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from En Sheva. A. Sagittal reconstruction through adenodactyl. B. Sagittal reconstruction through penis. C. Transverse reconstruction through adenodactyl and penis papilla, as seen from posterior end. A and B based on Neotype, HUJ.Oct.1; C is based on HUJ.Oct.5. Scale bar represents 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFE1FFB8C8F4F8071CC8F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749071/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" startId="17.[151,250,1938,1962]" targetBox="[227,1370,224,1876]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE1FFB8C8F4F8071CC8F87B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1938,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE1FFB8C8F4F807190CF823" bold="true" box="[151,286,1938,1962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE1FFB8C947F80619D6F823" box="[292,452,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE1FFB8C947F80619ADF823" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[292,447,1938,1962]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">Dugesia salina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A. Sagittal section through adenodactyl. B. Sagittal section through penis. C. Transverse section through adenodactyl and penis papilla as seen from anterior end. A and B are from Neotype, HUJ.Oct.1; C is from HUJ.Oct.5. Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 300 µm in C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FF021D5CFF70" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Animals were collected from the field during all seasons of the year from En Sheva and En Soda and all were asexual, measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBC909FF2F19E1FF5C" box="[362,499,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and most showed evidence of recent fission. Those collected from the River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE2FFBBCD31FF2E1D8FFF5C" box="[1362,1437,187,213]" name="Jordan" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
during winter months at 15
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBC9AEFF4A19FBFF70" attach="right" box="[461,489,223,249]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
were slightly larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCAB4FF4B1B5EFF70" box="[727,844,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="6.0">6–8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and did not show any signs of recent fission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FE961D3BFE58" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B28E649FFE2FFBBC8A4FE961D37FE58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117132307" country="Jordan" county="However" location="The" municipality="River" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBC8A4FE9618E1FE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBC8A4FE9618E1FE94" box="[199,243,259,285]" country="Jordan" county="However" municipality="River" name="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">The</location>
|
||
animals from
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBC9F0FE9619EEFE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBC9F0FE9619EEFE94" box="[403,508,259,285]" country="Jordan" county="However" municipality="River" name="En Sheva" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">En Sheva</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBCA52FE961A9CFE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFE2FFBBCA52FE961A9CFE94" box="[561,654,259,285]" country="Jordan" county="However" municipality="River" name="En Soda" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">En Soda</location>
|
||
were difficult to maintain in the laboratory at 18
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCCCDFE961CDBFE94" attach="right" box="[1198,1225,259,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
or 23
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCD6CFE961D38FE94" attach="right" box="[1295,1322,259,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
and many died within a few days of collection, while those from the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFE2FFBBCB4CFEB21B7FFEC8" box="[815,877,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE2FFBBCB15FEB21BD3FEC8" box="[886,961,295,321]" name="Jordan" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
reproduced freely by fission at 18
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCD2CFEB21D7EFEC8" attach="right" box="[1359,1388,295,321]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
, but none were ever observed to mature.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="629E9498FFE2FFBBCA55FEDE1A8CFEEC" box="[566,670,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">However</collectingCounty>
|
||
, several specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFE2FFBBCB8AFEDE1C0BFEEC" box="[1001,1049,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of En Sheva, which were kept at a fluctuating room temperature of 12–25
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCAAFFEFA1AFBFE00" attach="right" box="[716,745,367,393]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
, did mature over a period of 3–9 months after collection. A constant temperature of 18
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBC9A9FE0619F7FE24" attach="right" box="[458,485,403,429]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
or 23
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCA4EFE061A5AFE24" attach="right" box="[557,584,403,429]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">oC</superScript>
|
||
did not induce maturation. Saline water from the original habitats was not a prerequisite for laboratory survival or maturation as the animals could be kept satisfactorily in tap water
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFE2FFBAC8A4FE4F1D93FAA7" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FE4F1D62FD20" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE2FFBBC8A4FE4F194BFE7D" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The planarians from all three populations were similar in external appearance, the only difference being in a greater degree of speckling in the dorsal pigmentation among the animals from the River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE2FFBBCD74FE6A1D77FD90" box="[1303,1381,511,537]" name="Jordan" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The following description is based mainly on ex-fissiparous animals from En Sheva. The animals have a low triangularshaped head with hardly discernible auricles, which merge gradually into the body region. They are pale brown or grey dorsally and very pale or white ventrally. The animals from River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE2FFBBCBA5FDFE1C03FD0C" box="[966,1041,619,645]" name="Jordan" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
have a pale or mid-brown mottled colour dorsally and are pale ventrally. After laboratory culture, some animals attained a length of up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCD79FD1B1D7EFD20" box="[1306,1388,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FD261D3EFCD4" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The dorsal epithelium is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCA41FD271A78FD44" box="[546,618,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick and contains many rhabdites, while the ventral one is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCD2EFD271D8EFD44" box="[1357,1436,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick with very few rhabdites. The outer muscle sheath of the pharynx consists of two layers only, an outer, subepithelial longitudinal layer
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBC9D0FD6F1A19FC9C" box="[435,523,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick, followed by a circular layer,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCBFEFD6F1C18FC9C" box="[925,1034,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.0">5–7.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Minute pigment granules are scattered amongst the dorsal body wall muscle layer and its underlying mesenchyme. The inner epithelium of the pharynx is underlain with a thick layer of circular muscle followed by 2–3 layers of longitudinal muscle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FCF21AF7FBBC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The eyes are placed just anterior to the auricles and are surrounded by a fairly large unpigmented area. They are slightly closer together than their distance from the lateral margins of the head and from the anterior tip of the head. The eyes may attain a size of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCA4FFC3A1A91FC40" box="[556,643,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 µm</quantity>
|
||
in antero-posterior direction. The intestine is highly branched in large specimens. In smaller animals, there are 5–6 lateral branches on the anterior ramus and about 9 lateral branches on the posterior rami. The anterior intestinal trunk forms an unbranched extension in the midline, reaching between the eyes and sometimes just anterior to the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFE2FFBBCAF0FB8E1AC5FBBC" box="[659,727,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,844,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-320@15.[151,1436,808,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dugesia salina from En Sheva. A. Dorsal view of mature specimen (from whole mount). B. Dorsal view of live asexual animal. C. Dorsal view of copulatory apparatus, from whole mount and sections. Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749067/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FBAA19F5FB60" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The insertion of the pharynx in an asexual animal just prior to division is almost halfway down the body and its length is ¼ to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE2FFBBC951FBF7195EFBF5" bold="true" box="[306,332,1122,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">⅕</emphasis>
|
||
of the total body length. In laboratory cultured ex-fissiparous animals, the pharynx occupies a more forward position and its length is about 1/7
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCA1DFB131A99FB1D" attach="left" box="[638,651,1158,1172]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">th</superScript>
|
||
of the total body length. The mouth opens slightly posterior to the end of the pharyngeal cavity. The mouth is just over halfway down the body and the gonopore occupies a position just over ¾ down the body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FB661BC4FA48" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The two ovaries lie ventrally, just internal to the ventral nerve cords, between the 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCC3CFB671C7DFA89" attach="left" box="[1119,1135,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCCD0FB671CD3FA89" attach="left" box="[1203,1217,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">rd</superScript>
|
||
or 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCC91FB671D12FA89" attach="left" box="[1266,1280,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C35415CFFE2FFBBCD20FB671D42FA89" attach="left" box="[1347,1360,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">th</superScript>
|
||
lateral intestinal branches. They are located just behind the brain, at about one-fifth to one-sixth of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx. The ovaries are round to oval in shape and may attain a maximum diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBC8D6FACA191DFAF0" box="[181,271,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The oviducts lead out laterally from the posterior end of the ovaries and open separately, at more or less the same level, into the bursal canal at its junction with the common atrium. The left oviduct enters the base of the bursal canal ventro-laterally, while the right oviduct enters dorso-laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4FA5E194DF968" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The bursa is large and laterally compressed and takes up much of the dorso-ventral space of the body. It attains a lateral diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBC909FA7B19EAF980" box="[362,504,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="150.0">150–200 µm</quantity>
|
||
and a maximum dorso-ventral diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCC7DFA7A1C65F980" box="[1054,1143,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The bursal canal emerges from the posterior part of the bursa and lies dorsally, to the left of the midline, overlying the penis. The glandular, nucleated epithelium of the bursal canal is surrounded by a thin layer of longitudinal muscle and an outer thicker layer of circular muscle. A few extra longitudinal fibres of ectal reinforcement can be seen where the bursal canal enters the common atrium. The canal remains narrow here with hardly any dilatation. The epithelium is ciliated with basal nuclei. Shell glands open into the bursal canal from both anterior and posterior directions in the region of the oviduct openings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBBC8A4F97E1D4AF830" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The testes are principally dorsal and begin at the level of the ovaries. They continue posteriorly to within
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCD11F97F18AFF8A0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="550.0">550 µm</quantity>
|
||
from the posterior tip of the tail. Pre-pharyngeally, there are 3–4 testes across each longitudinal row; in the pharyngeal and copulatory regions there are 1–3 across each row, and posterior to the gonopore, there are single testes across each row. The testes are oval, flattened laterally and reach up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE2FFBBCBA2F8C21C0BF8F8" box="[961,1049,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 µm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum diameter. Spermatogenesis in these laboratory matured animals appeared normal, with the development of normal sperm. The vitelline glands are predominantly ventral in the mesenchyme, but some are also situated dorsally, between the testes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE2FFBAC8A4F856193FFDE8" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The copulatory apparatus consists of a large and well-developed penis, which is situated to the left and slightly dorsal and anterior to the larger adenodactyl. The penis bulb is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE3FFBACB2EFF031BC9FF38" box="[845,987,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and is composed of alternating layers of longitudinal and circular muscle externally. The central tissue, anterior to the seminal vesicle, consists of parenchyma traversed by diagonal muscle fibres. The vasa deferentia expand to form spermiducal vesicles about halfway down the pharynx length. After having decreased in diameter, the vasa deferentia enter the lateral walls of the penis bulb, more or less symmetrically, just anterior to where the penis bulb and the adenodactyl bulb appear to be united. They open into the anterior, lobed part of the seminal vesicle, which has a flattened epithelium. The seminal vesicle may contain eosinophilic material, possibly related to the formation of a spermatophore. There is a large valve-like diaphragm separating the seminal vesicle from the ejaculatory duct. The opening of the ejaculatory duct is terminal but the tip of the penis papilla is bent downwards so that the opening appears ventral. The ejaculatory duct appeared widened distally in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46279DFFE3FFBACAF4FE4E1B2EFE7C" box="[663,828,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
where a spermatophore was present. The penis papilla is large, blunt and cylindrical. It is fairly muscular with outer, subepithelial circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers. Eosinophilic tissue interspersed with longitudinal muscle fibres lies internal to the longitudinal muscle layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFE3FFBAC8FCFDD218E4FDE8" box="[159,246,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[209,1359,249,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-31@16.[151,1436,181,1918]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Dugesia salina from En Sheva. A. Sagittal reconstruction through adenodactyl. B. Sagittal reconstruction through penis. C. Transverse reconstruction through adenodactyl and penis papilla, as seen from posterior end. A and B based on Neotype, HUJ.Oct.1; C is based on HUJ.Oct.5. Scale bar represents 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFE3FFBAC961FDD2190DFDE8" box="[258,287,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[227,1370,224,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[151,1436,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Dugesia salina. Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A. Sagittal section through adenodactyl. B. Sagittal section through penis. C. Transverse section through adenodactyl and penis papilla as seen from anterior end. A and B are from Neotype, HUJ.Oct.1; C is from HUJ.Oct.5. Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 300 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE3FFBAC8A4FDFE1A1DFB99" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
The adenodactyl is of the hollow
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFE3FFBACA55FDFE1A74FD0C" box="[566,614,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with a distinct lumen in the distal part of the papilla. The bulb may be over
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE3FFBAC8F4FD1B18FDFD20" box="[151,239,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and is muscular only at the most anterior part, and the muscle fibres mingle with those of the adjacent penis bulb. A central core of darkly staining cyanophilic tissue, interspersed with longitudinal muscle fibres, extends from the centre of the bulb throughout the length of the papilla, surrounding the duct in the distal part. The papilla may reach a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE3FFBACA75FD6E1A62FC9C" box="[534,624,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Beneath the outer epithelium of the anterior part of the papilla there is a thick layer of circular muscle. This is underlain by a thinner layer of longitudinal/diagonal muscle which surrounds the cyanophilous glandular core. In the central part of the papilla, anterior to the lumen, the longitudinal/diagonal muscle layer becomes thinner and is absent from the muscle coat in the region of the lumen. In the posterior part of the papilla, there is a thin outer layer of circular muscle under which lies the glandular core and in the centre of this is the adenodactyl lumen. The lumen is surrounded by a cuboidal epithelium with insunk nuclei, surrounded by a thin layer of circular muscle. The lumen of the duct is filled with a secretion that is usually cyanophilic but may be eosinophilic or a mixture of both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE3FFBAC8A4FB8F19B1FBF5" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">The male and common atria are usually distinct, although sometimes the tip of the adenodactyl papilla extends into the entrance of the bursal canal. The male atrium is lined by a flattened epithelium and a short gonoduct leads from it to the gonopore.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE3FFBAC8A4FB101D93FAA7" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC8A4FB101959FB16" bold="true" box="[199,331,1157,1183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Karyology.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B28E649FFE3FFBAC933FB131D69FAA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117132302" country="Jordan" county="Pair" location="River" municipality="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="7">
|
||
A total of 43 metaphase plates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACADDFB131B31FB16" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[702,803,1157,1183]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACADDFB131B31FB16" box="[702,803,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46279DFFE3FFBACC77FB131CABFB16" box="[1044,1209,1157,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
each from En Sheva and En Soda and revealed a mitotic chromosome number of 16 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C2D9AFFFE3FFBACB0AFB3C1BADFB4A" box="[873,959,1193,1219]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,239,512,536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 6. Dugesia salina. Mean values and standard deviations of the relative length of chromosomes and centromeric indices." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="DF3FBC9CFFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFE3FFBACBA8FB3C1C0CFB4A" box="[971,1054,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1436,181,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Karyograms and mitotic metaphase plates of Dugesia salina. The metaphase plates A and B have their extracted karyograms beside them. Karyograms A, B & C are from En Soda; D, E & F are from En Sheva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749073/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, 34 metaphase plates from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46279DFFE3FFBAC8B7FB58194CFB6E" box="[212,350,1229,1255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFE3FFBAC9AAFB581A15FB6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFE3FFBAC9AAFB581A15FB6E" box="[457,519,1229,1255]" country="Jordan" county="Pair" municipality="The" name="River" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">River</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBACA6DFB581A4BFB6E" box="[526,601,1229,1255]" name="Jordan" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
also revealed a mitotic chromosome number of 16.
|
||
<location id="8E9FBACFFFE3FFBACCFAFB581CAFFB6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFFEFFBFC8F4F97F1D17FEEC:8E9FBACFFFE3FFBACCFAFB581CAFFB6E" box="[1177,1213,1229,1255]" country="Jordan" county="Pair" municipality="The" name="All" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">All</location>
|
||
chromosomes were metacentric, and of these, a few were metacentric heterobrachial bordering on metacentric isobrachial.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFE3FFBACD6FFB651D2AFA83" box="[1292,1336,1264,1290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
chromosomes decreased gradually in size.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="629E9498FFE3FFBACA42FA811A5CFAA7" box="[545,590,1300,1326]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Pair</collectingCounty>
|
||
number 8 was in all cases a little less than half the size of pair number 1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFE3FFBFC8A4FAAD1D17FEEC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE3FFBAC8A4FAAD19D0F91D" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC8A4FAAD195EFADB" bold="true" box="[199,332,1336,1362]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACA71FAAC1A7DFADB" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[530,623,1337,1362]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACA71FAAC1A7DFADB" box="[530,623,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have been examined karyologically have a haploid complement of n = 8, but six are known with n = 9 and three are known with n = 7. Other populations may be markedly aneuploid (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBAC976FAEA19DFFA13" author="Pala, M. & Casu, S. & Lepori, N. G." box="[277,461,1407,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="247 - 256" refId="ref12157" refString="Pala, M., Casu, S. & Lepori, N. G. (1982) Stabilized natural interspecific hybrid population of the freshwater planarians Dugesia gonocephala s. l. (Turbellaria, Tricladida). Caryologia, 35, 247 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.1982.10796929" type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Pala
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC92DFA151993FA10" box="[334,385,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACAF2FA151AFCFA10" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[657,750,1408,1433]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACAF2FA151AFCFA10" box="[657,750,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBACB54FAEA1B67FA10" box="[823,885,1407,1433]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
that have been examined karyologically are the widespread, fissioning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBAC9FDFA311A17FA34" authorityName="Lepori" authorityYear="1948" box="[414,517,1443,1469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC9FDFA311A17FA34" box="[414,517,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. sicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly known in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBACA95FA361B26FA34" box="[758,820,1443,1469]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACB3DFA311BC2FA34" authorityName="Benazzi & Banchetti" authorityYear="1973" box="[862,976,1443,1469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="biblica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACB3DFA311BC2FA34" box="[862,976,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. biblica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is normally triploid, 3n = 27, + 1-5 supernumeraries, and another ecotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACAC0FA5D1B19FA68" authorityName="Lepori" authorityYear="1948" box="[675,779,1479,1505]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACAC0FA5D1B19FA68" box="[675,779,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. sicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a normally sexually reproducing diploid form, 2n = 18, which is distributed in the central hilly region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBACADEFA7E1AEDF98C" box="[701,767,1515,1541]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Another sexually reproducing species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACCDEFA7E1D5BF98C" box="[1213,1353,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACCDEFA7E1D57F98C" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1213,1349,1515,1541]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="golanica">D. golanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
known only from the cold spring-fed waters of Dan and Banias in the very north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBACB8EF99B1C3CF9A1" box="[1005,1070,1550,1576]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and previously thought to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACDE2F99A1AF7F9C5" authority="(Meixner, 1928) (Bromley & Benazzi 1991)" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACDE2F99A18F6F9C5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
(Meixner, 1928) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBAC9D6F9A71ACFF9C5" author="Bromley, H. J. & Benazzi, M." box="[437,733,1586,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="139 - 150" refId="ref11636" refString="Bromley, H. J. & Benazzi, M. (1991) New planarians (Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Israel and Lebanon. Israel Journal of Zoology, 37, 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1991.10688650" type="journal article" year="1991">Bromley & Benazzi 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also examined karyologically, 2n = 16 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBACC84F9A71D82F9C5" author="Bromley, H. J." box="[1255,1424,1586,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="239 - 242" refId="ref11527" refString="Bromley, H. J. (1974) Morpho-karyological types of Dugesia (Turbellaria, Tricladida) in Israel and their distribution patterns. Zoologica Scripta, 3, 239 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1974. tb 00820. x" type="journal article" year="1974">Bromley 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, regarding karyotypes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBAC9BBF9C21A2CF9F9" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[472,574,1622,1648]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC9BBF9C21A2CF9F9" box="[472,574,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to most other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACBA6F9C21C30F9F9" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[965,1058,1623,1648]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACBA6F9C21C30F9F9" box="[965,1058,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACCC2F9C21D37F9F9" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1185,1317,1622,1648]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="golanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACCC2F9C21D37F9F9" box="[1185,1317,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. golanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a haploid number of n = 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE3FFBDC8A4F9081C0AFE58" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,2042]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,465]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Regarding the copulatory apparatus, there are only a few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACBA8F90B1C3AF93E" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[971,1064,1694,1719]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACBA8F90B1C3AF93E" box="[971,1064,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have a large adenodactyl. Adenodactyls
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC95BF95719D6F952" box="[312,452,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
, which have no known function, may vary in number, size and position in relation to the penis papilla, but are defined as strongly muscularized, glandular-parenchymatic folds of the copulatory apparatus and provided with a lumen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBAC9B9F89D1AC1F8AA" author="Stocchino, G. A. & Sluys, R. & Riutort, M. & Sola, E. & Manconi, R." box="[474,723,1800,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="727 - 756" refId="ref12725" refString="Stocchino, G. A., Sluys, R., Riutort, M., Sola, E. & Manconi, R. (2017) Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 727 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 017" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Stocchino
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACA37F89C1A95F8AB" box="[596,647,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The large, well-developed adenodactyl with a lumen, seen in ex-fissiparous specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC9BFF8B81A59F8CF" box="[476,587,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBAC9BFF8B81A55F8CF" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[476,583,1836,1862]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">D. salina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACB1AF8B81BF8F8CF" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[889,1002,1837,1862]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACB1AF8B81BF8F8CF" box="[889,1002,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has a single large hollow adenodactyl. However, the adenodactyl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACA10F8C41AF0F8E3" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[627,738,1873,1898]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACA10F8C41AF0F8E3" box="[627,738,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from Crete by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBACB9FF8C41CBDF8E3" author="De Vries, E. J." box="[1020,1199,1872,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="101 - 126" refId="ref11760" refString="De Vries, E. J. (1984) On the species of Dugesia gonocephala group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 54, 101 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05401008" type="journal article" year="1984">De Vries (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
arises ventrally from the base of the penis papilla, and is positioned ventrally to the penis, whereas the large adenodactyl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACD78F8E11D90F807" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1307,1410,1908,1934]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACD78F8E11D90F807" box="[1307,1410,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is situated to the right of the penis. In contrast to this,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBACAB2F80D1B4DF83B" author="Kenk, R." box="[721,863,1944,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref11916" refString="Kenk, R. (1930) Euplanaria cretica Meixner, eine Triklade mit eigentumlichem Drusenorgan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 92, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="1930">Kenk (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the large adenodactyl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBACC8BF80D1D44F838" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1256,1366,1944,1969]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBACC8BF80D1D44F838" box="[1256,1366,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Crete) as being situated ventrally and to the right of the penis papilla.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE3FFBACBD6F8291C7EF85F" author="De Vries, E. J." box="[949,1132,1980,2006]" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" pagination="109 - 136" refId="ref11858" refString="De Vries, E. J. (1988) Further contributions to the taxonomy and biogeography of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Israel Journal of Zoology, 35, 109 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1988.10688607" type="journal article" year="1988">De Vries (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied material attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE3FFBAC8D6F8751958F870" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[181,330,2016,2042]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC8D6F87518C3F870" box="[181,209,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">D.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE3FFBAC89EF8751958F870" box="[253,330,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE3FFBAC9F2F87519F7F873" box="[401,485,2016,2042]" name="Cyprus" pageId="19" pageNumber="312">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which had a dorsally situated adenodactyl, while material from the Greek island of Sérifos had an adenodactyl arising laterally to the right of the penis papilla, in a position similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCD4CFF021D87FF38" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1327,1429,151,177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCD4CFF021D87FF38" box="[1327,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE4FFBDC96FFF2E19D6FF5C" author="De Vries, E. J." box="[268,452,187,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" pagination="109 - 136" refId="ref11858" refString="De Vries, E. J. (1988) Further contributions to the taxonomy and biogeography of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Israel Journal of Zoology, 35, 109 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1988.10688607" type="journal article" year="1988">De Vries (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the position of the adenodactyl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCBB3FF2E1C53FF5D" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[976,1089,187,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCBB3FF2E1C53FF5D" box="[976,1089,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently varies between the geographically isolated populations in the eastern Mediterranean. True adenodactyls
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCC03FF4A1CE2FF71" box="[1120,1264,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
, strongly musculo-glandular organs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFE4FFBDC9BCFE961A1DFE94" box="[479,527,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">type</typeStatus>
|
||
seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCA0DFE961AC4FE94" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[622,726,259,285]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA0DFE961AC4FE94" box="[622,726,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCB6CFE961B97FE95" box="[783,901,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCB6CFE961B93FE95" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[783,897,259,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">D. cretica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are not common among members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC8F4FEB218E6FEC9" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,244,295,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC8F4FEB218E6FEC9" box="[151,244,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They have also been recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCA1FFEB21C5FFEC8" authority="De Beauchamp, 1959" authorityName="De Beauchamp" authorityYear="1959" box="[636,1101,294,321]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bactriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA1FFEB21B5CFEC8" box="[636,846,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Dugesia bactriana</emphasis>
|
||
De Beauchamp, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDCD70FEB21D8EFEC8" box="[1299,1436,295,321]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC8ABFEDE1938FEEC" box="[200,298,331,357]" name="Pakistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC9E7FEDE1B43FEEC" authority="(Livanov, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Livanov" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[388,849,330,357]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="transcaucasica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC9E7FEDE1A86FEED" box="[388,660,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Dugesia transcaucasica</emphasis>
|
||
(Livanov, 1951)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caucasus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE4FFBDCC58FEDE1D26FEEC" author="Stocchino, G. A. & Sluys, R. & Riutort, M. & Sola, E. & Manconi, R." box="[1083,1332,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" pagination="727 - 756" refId="ref12725" refString="Stocchino, G. A., Sluys, R., Riutort, M., Sola, E. & Manconi, R. (2017) Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 727 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 017" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Stocchino
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCCD6FEDE1CFAFEEC" box="[1205,1256,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCD24FEDE18C9FE01" authorityName="De Beauchamp" authorityYear="1959" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bactriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCD24FEDE18C9FE01" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. bactriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three small to medium-sized hollow adenodactyls all near the gonopore, two of which are posterior to the penis and one is ventral to it.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCA6DFE061AC9FE25" baseAuthorityName="Livanov" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[526,731,403,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="transcaucasica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA6DFE061AC9FE25" box="[526,731,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. transcaucasica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three medium-sized adenodactyls with a small lumen, one dorsal to the left, one dorsal to the right and one ventral to the right of the penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5" ID-Table-UUID="DF3FBC9CFFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" startId="20.[151,239,512,536]" targetBox="[151,1286,661,1442]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE4FFBDC8F4FD9518F8FDB5" blockId="20.[151,1436,512,572]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC8F4FD951916FD91" bold="true" box="[151,260,512,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">TABLE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC972FD9419A0FD91" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[273,434,512,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC972FD9419A0FD91" box="[273,434,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mean values and standard deviations of the relative length of chromosomes and centromeric indices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE4FFBDC8F4FDF81998FD0D" blockId="20.[151,394,620,645]" box="[151,394,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<tableNote id="76A6ED9AFFE4FFBDC8F4FDF81998FD0D" box="[151,394,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" targetBox="[151,1286,661,1442]" targetPageId="20">A. En Soda population</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE4FFBDC8C5FD001CF4FA2B" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<table id="F9401EB4FFE40056C8F4FD001D14FA2B" box="[151,1286,661,1442]" gridcols="3" gridrows="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FD001D14FD24" box="[151,1286,661,685]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FD00193DFD24" box="[151,303,661,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Chromosome</th>
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFD001B3BFD24" box="[655,809,661,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Relative length</th>
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FD001D14FD24" box="[1095,1286,661,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Centromeric Index</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FD281D14FD5C" box="[151,1286,701,725]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FD28193DFD5C" box="[151,303,701,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFD281B3BFD5C" box="[655,809,701,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">18.03 ± 0.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FD281D14FD5C" box="[1095,1286,701,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">45.23 ± 1.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FD701D14FD74" box="[151,1286,741,765]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FD70193DFD74" box="[151,303,741,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFD701B3BFD74" box="[655,809,741,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">15.14 ± 0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FD701D14FD74" box="[1095,1286,741,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">46.22 ± 1.90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FC981D14FCAF" box="[151,1286,781,806]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FC98193DFCAF" box="[151,303,781,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFC981B3BFCAF" box="[655,809,781,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">14.27 ± 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FC981D14FCAF" box="[1095,1286,781,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.96 ± 3.81</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FCA01D14FCC7" box="[151,1286,821,846]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FCA0193DFCC7" box="[151,303,821,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFCA01B3BFCC7" box="[655,809,821,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">13.21 ± 0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FCA01D14FCC7" box="[1095,1286,821,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">43.03 ± 5.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FCCB1D14FCFF" box="[151,1286,862,886]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FCCB193DFCFF" box="[151,303,862,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFCCB1B3BFCFF" box="[655,809,862,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">11.81 ± 0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FCCB1D14FCFF" box="[1095,1286,862,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">38.89 ± 5.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FC131D14FC17" box="[151,1286,902,926]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FC13193DFC17" box="[151,303,902,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFC131B3BFC17" box="[655,809,902,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">10.08 ± 0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FC131D14FC17" box="[1095,1286,902,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">43.47 ± 5.99</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FC3B1D14FC4E" box="[151,1286,942,967]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FC3B193DFC4E" box="[151,303,942,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFC3B1B3BFC4E" box="[655,809,942,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">9.26 ± 0.67</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FC3B1D14FC4E" box="[1095,1286,942,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">45.80 ± 1.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FC431D14FC66" box="[151,1286,982,1007]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FC43193DFC66" box="[151,303,982,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFC431B3BFC66" box="[655,809,982,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">8.19 ± 0.92</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FC431D14FC66" box="[1095,1286,982,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">48.57 ± 3.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FBB51D14FBB1" box="[151,1286,1056,1080]" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FBB51D14FBB1" box="[151,1286,1056,1080]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">B. En Sheva population</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FBDD1D14FBE9" box="[151,1286,1096,1120]" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FBDD193DFBE9" box="[151,303,1096,1120]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Chromosome</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFBDD1B3BFBE9" box="[655,809,1096,1120]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Relative length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FBDD1D14FBE9" box="[1095,1286,1096,1120]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Centromeric Index</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FBE51D14FB00" box="[151,1286,1136,1161]" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FBE5193DFB00" box="[151,303,1136,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFBE51B3BFB00" box="[655,809,1136,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">20.60 ± 3.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FBE51D14FB00" box="[1095,1286,1136,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">47.17 ± 2.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FB0C1D14FB38" box="[151,1286,1177,1201]" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FB0C193DFB38" box="[151,303,1177,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFB0C1B3BFB38" box="[655,809,1177,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">16.73 ± 1.33</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FB0C1D14FB38" box="[1095,1286,1177,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">47.66 ± 2.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FB541D14FB50" box="[151,1286,1217,1241]" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FB54193DFB50" box="[151,303,1217,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFB541B3BFB50" box="[655,809,1217,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">14.01 ± 1.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FB541D14FB50" box="[1095,1286,1217,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.92 ± 3.69</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FB7C1D14FA88" box="[151,1286,1257,1281]" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FB7C193DFA88" box="[151,303,1257,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFB7C1B3BFA88" box="[655,809,1257,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">12.25 ± 0.76</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FB7C1D14FA88" box="[1095,1286,1257,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.97 ± 3.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FA841D14FAA3" box="[151,1286,1297,1322]" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FA84193DFAA3" box="[151,303,1297,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFA841B3BFAA3" box="[655,809,1297,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">10.98 ± 0.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FA841D14FAA3" box="[1095,1286,1297,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.79 ± 6.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FAAC1D14FADB" box="[151,1286,1337,1362]" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FAAC193DFADB" box="[151,303,1337,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFAAC1B3BFADB" box="[655,809,1337,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">9.29 ± 0.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FAAC1D14FADB" box="[1095,1286,1337,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.64 ± 4.53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FAF71D14FAF3" box="[151,1286,1378,1402]" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FAF7193DFAF3" box="[151,303,1378,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFAF71B3BFAF3" box="[655,809,1378,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">8.49 ± 1.33</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FAF71D14FAF3" box="[1095,1286,1378,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.54 ± 3.06</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3570EE56FFE40056C8F4FA1F1D14FA2B" box="[151,1286,1418,1442]" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<th id="76A1872AFFE40056C8F4FA1F193DFA2B" box="[151,303,1418,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CAECFA1F1B3BFA2B" box="[655,809,1418,1442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">7.65 ± 1.53</td>
|
||
<td id="76A1872AFFE40056CC24FA1F1D14FA2B" box="[1095,1286,1418,1442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">44.55 ± 3.76</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE4FFBDC8A4FA471B86F9F5" blockId="20.[151,1437,1490,2020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
Other differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC990FA471A4AFA65" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[499,600,1490,1516]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC990FA471A4AFA65" box="[499,600,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCAEDFA471AEEFA62" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[654,764,1490,1515]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCAEDFA471AEEFA62" box="[654,764,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lie in the head shape (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCB97FA471C70FA62" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1012,1122,1490,1515]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCB97FA471C70FA62" box="[1012,1122,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much more pronounced auricles than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC950FA63198EF999" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[307,412,1526,1552]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC950FA63198EF999" box="[307,412,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and penis shape, which is conical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCB3CFA631BC0F986" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[863,978,1526,1551]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCB3CFA631BC0F986" box="[863,978,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is large, cylindrical and somewhat blunt-ended in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDC95CF98F19B7F9BD" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[319,421,1562,1588]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDC95CF98F19B7F9BD" box="[319,421,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and curves ventrally at its tip.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE4FFBDCB63F98F1BA0F9BD" author="De Vries, E. J." box="[768,946,1562,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" pagination="109 - 136" refId="ref11858" refString="De Vries, E. J. (1988) Further contributions to the taxonomy and biogeography of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Israel Journal of Zoology, 35, 109 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1988.10688607" type="journal article" year="1988">De Vries (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that earlier records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCC92F98F1D72F9BA" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1265,1376,1562,1587]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCC92F98F1D72F9BA" box="[1265,1376,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC8F4F9AB18FAF9D1" box="[151,232,1598,1624]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC896F9AB1930F9D1" box="[245,290,1598,1624]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC938F9AB198BF9D1" box="[347,409,1598,1624]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
are invalidated and that this species is known with certainty only from the Mediterranean islands of Crete, Tinos, Sérifos and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDCA44F9F71A69F9F5" box="[551,635,1634,1660]" name="Cyprus" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDCB44F9F71B82F9F5" box="[807,912,1634,1660]" name="Romania" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE4FFBDC8A4F9131BF8F86D" blockId="20.[151,1437,1490,2020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">
|
||
Although ex-fissiparous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCA16F9131AC9F929" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[629,731,1670,1696]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA16F9131AC9F929" box="[629,731,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were obtained only from En Sheva, and on which the morphological description is based, the populations from En Sheva and En Soda appear to be identical. However, the population from the River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC9E8F95B19C4F961" box="[395,470,1742,1768]" name="Jordan" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
showed slight differences with regard to pigmentation, karyotype and larger size. The lack of fission of the River
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC9AFF9671A05F885" box="[460,535,1778,1804]" name="Jordan" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
animals during the winter may indicate that this population is a distinct ecotype recently derived from the En Sheva population and dispersed via the salt-water carrier.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE4FFBDCC0EF8831D30F8B9" author="De Vries, E. J." box="[1133,1314,1813,1840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" pagination="509 - 518" refId="ref11810" refString="De Vries, E. J. (1985) The biogeography of the genus Dugesia (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 509 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2844906" type="journal article" year="1985">De Vries (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that generally, freshwater triclads have a very low resistance to salinity. The animals from these three sites obviously show an adaptation to living in water with a high salinity and it is notable that no other species of planarian was ever found in these habitats. It was suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE4FFBDCADEF8171B6DF815" author="Sola, E. & Sluys, R. & Segev, O. & Blaustein, L. & Riutort, M." box="[701,895,1921,1948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref12584" refString="Sola, E., Sluys, R., Segev, O., Blaustein, L. & Riutort, M. (2015) The taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica from Israel and Turkey (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). ZooKeys, 506, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 506.9663" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Solà
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA95F8171B35F815" box="[758,807,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCBD4F8171C06F812" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[951,1044,1922,1947]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCBD4F8171C06F812" box="[951,1044,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected by them from another saline spring site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFE4FFBDC9B4F8331A0AF849" box="[471,536,1958,1984]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Einot Huga, which is close to En Soda, with a salinity of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFE4FFBDCC95F8331D48F849" box="[1270,1370,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" unit="mg" value="2000.0">2000 mg</quantity>
|
||
/l Cl´, may perhaps also be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE4FFBDCA65F85F1A7EF86D" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[518,620,1994,2020]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="20" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE4FFBDCA65F85F1A7EF86D" box="[518,620,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="313">D. salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of molecular studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFE5FFBCC8F4F8D31C7EF80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749073/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="314" startId="21.[151,250,1862,1886]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1838]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE5FFBCC8F4F8D31C7EF80B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1862,1922]" pageId="21" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE5FFBCC8F4F8D31932F8D7" bold="true" box="[151,288,1862,1886]" pageId="21" pageNumber="314">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Karyograms and mitotic metaphase plates of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE5FFBCCA97F8D21B86F8D7" box="[756,916,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE5FFBCCA97F8D21B82F8D7" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[756,912,1862,1886]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="21" pageNumber="314" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">Dugesia salina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The metaphase plates A and B have their extracted karyograms beside them. Karyograms A, B & C are from En Soda; D, E & F are from En Sheva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFE6FFBFC8A4FF021D17FEEC" blockId="22.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE6FFBFC8A4FF0219D7FF38" author="Stocchino, G. A. & Corso, G. & Manconi, R. & Casu, S. & Pala, M." box="[199,453,150,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" pagination="1947 - 1960" refId="ref12649" refString="Stocchino, G. A., Corso, G., Manconi, R., Casu, S. & Pala, M. (2005) Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus. Journal of Natural History, 39, 1947 - 1960. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500060025" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Stocchino
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFC95EFF02197CFF38" box="[317,366,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referring to the high level of endemicity of planarians of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE6FFBFCCD3FF021D1FFF39" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[1200,1293,151,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFCCD3FF021D1FFF39" box="[1200,1293,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean region, note that a process of allopatric speciation is strongly supported by their fragmented habitat, the present high endemicity values and the morphological divergence in copulatory traits. The unusual and highly saline habitats where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE6FFBFC95CFE9619F4FE94" baseAuthorityName="Whitehouse" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[319,486,259,285]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFC95CFE9619F4FE94" box="[319,486,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">Dugesia salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found, as well as the differences in its copulatory apparatus from its morphologically closest congener (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE6FFBFC9FFFEB21A18FEC9" authorityName="Bromley & Benazzi" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[412,522,295,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFC9FFFEB21A18FEC9" box="[412,522,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">D. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) support the provisional observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD191E5FFE6FFBFCBB2FEB21CB5FEC8" author="Whitehouse, R. H." box="[977,1191,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" pagination="459 - 464" refId="ref12911" refString="Whitehouse, R. H. (1914) The planarians of the Lake of Tiberias. Journal and proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 9, 459 - 464." type="journal article" year="1914">Whitehouse (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE6FFBFCC84FEB21D87FEC8" authorityName="Whitehouse" authorityYear="1914" box="[1255,1429,295,321]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFCC84FEB21D87FEC8" box="[1255,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">Planaria salina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is a good species and apparently endemic to saline waters where other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFE6FFBFCBCCFEDE1C76FEEC" box="[943,1124,331,357]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="315" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9343006FFE6FFBFCBCCFEDE1C1EFEED" box="[943,1036,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="315">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot thrive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |