1526 lines
188 KiB
XML
1526 lines
188 KiB
XML
<document id="5B9F49DE8B5D13F907315C62CED31CC2" ID-CLB-Dataset="20360" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5105.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="770b6baa-3947-49e1-82c8-6af89edc4071" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332257" ID-ZooBank="FEDF2511-F7B0-48BA-B664-3FD06E1FAE34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1646595967116" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Adams, Morton S. & Mccabe, Timothy L." docDate="2022" docId="03E09C575527FFA37782FB2A7DB2FC9F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5105.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5105 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Athyrma Hubner 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFD9E42F5525FFA87715FFE4782EFFF2" masterDocTitle="A Revision Of The New World Moth Genus Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699317030070" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFD716D2BAA426E5BDC7A16DA5FDB377">
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<mods:title id="B30C1E0830E11EC9C06F4E84690FEFC0">A Revision Of The New World Moth Genus Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E6219075C20C345025EAB622B174A44E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C57038F0FDFD622F43B3AA7802D1CC82">Adams, Morton S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D885546C62A10D190280FC0EF74005A6">Research & Collections, New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave., Albany, New York 12230</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE28CC690A621BE720855177235EF738">Mccabe, Timothy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3791D627A8FA75150DFC02CD993EC6B">Research & Collections, New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave., Albany, New York 12230</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4B2C6165DDA59926F31719D0E9B88D22">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74273C8466762CF273618B59EA6FF442">
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<mods:date id="08E826A56EBB1B02D8B863B1A4691830">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C17C13C2CA6DDA3034B840BEEC0ED1E">2022-03-02</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E09C575527FFA37782FB2A7DB2FC9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335911" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193880342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E09C575527FFA37782FB2A7DB2FC9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E09C575527FFA37782FB2A7DB2FC9F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782FB2A7A21FB1A" box="[151,527,1230,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782FB2A7A21FB1A" blockId="2.[151,779,1230,1293]" box="[151,527,1230,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0BE9A2D5527FFAA7782FB2A7A21FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,527,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA7782FB2A7A21FB1A" authority="Hubner, [1823]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,527,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA7782FB2A7A21FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,527,1230,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyrma Hübner, [1823] 1816</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782FB177B25FAFF" box="[151,779,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782FB177B25FAFF" blockId="2.[151,779,1230,1293]" box="[151,779,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg. p. 267.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782FADF7CECFA8B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782FADF7CECFA8B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1339,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F293E35527FFAA7782FADF78E1FAA7" box="[151,207,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA7620FADF7A8FFAA7" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[309,673,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA7620FADF7A2EFAA7" box="[309,512,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phalaena adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05527FFAA7513FADF7A8FFAA7" author="Cramer, P." box="[518,673,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref33832" refString="Cramer, P. (1780) De Uitlandsche Kapellen Voorkomende in Drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Vol. 3. Parts 23 - 24. S. J. Baalde and Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild., Amsterdam, 47 pp." type="book" year="1780">Cramer, 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Uitlandsche Kapellen 3:144, pl. 272, figs. E, F, by monotypy.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B21271C5527FFAA7248FADF7C90FA8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697378301" collectionCode="RMNH, INS" country="Netherlands" county="Leiden" location="Depository" municipality="Naturalis Biodiversity Center" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F293E35527FFAA7248FADF7DB7FAA7" box="[1373,1433,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
: Female.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58B5845527FFAA77EDFABB797FFA8B" box="[248,337,1375,1401]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58B5845527FFAA7641FABB79ACFA8B" box="[340,386,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">INS</collectionCode>
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||
.1103916.
|
||
<location id="8E967B9A5527FFAA76E3FABB7A59FA8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E09C575527FFA37782FB2A7DB2FC9F:8E967B9A5527FFAA76E3FABB7A59FA8B" box="[502,631,1375,1401]" country="Netherlands" county="Leiden" municipality="Naturalis Biodiversity Center" name="Depository" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Depository</location>
|
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B92B73B5527FFAA7594FABB7BE2FA8B" box="[641,972,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Naturalis Biodiversity Center</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="629755CD5527FFAA74C2FABB7C06FA8B" box="[983,1064,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiden</collectingCounty>
|
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15527FFAA7326FABB7C90FA8B" box="[1075,1214,1375,1401]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782FA477CEAFA49" box="[151,1220,1443,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782FA477CEAFA49" blockId="2.[151,1220,1443,1467]" box="[151,1220,1443,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA7782FA4778CAFA49" authority="Hubner, [1823]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,228,1443,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA7782FA4778CAFA49" box="[151,228,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05527FFAA77E7FA477997FA49" author="Pagenstecher, A." box="[242,441,1443,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="87 - 217" refId="ref35541" refString="Pagenstecher, A. (1888) Beitrage zur Lepidopteren fauna des Malayischen Archipels. J ahrbuchen des Nassauischen Vereinss fur Naturkunde, 41, 87 - 217." type="journal article" year="1888">Pagenstecher, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Jahrbüchen des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 41:149. [Misspelling]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782FA0D7B12F9BE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782FA0D7B0EF9F1" blockId="2.[151,1011,1513,1612]" box="[151,800,1513,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Original generic description: Hübner [1823] 1816, p. 267.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA77D2F9E97BDDF9D5" blockId="2.[151,1011,1513,1612]" box="[199,1011,1549,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">“Die Schwingen mit unterschiedlichen schwarzen Fleschen bezeichnet.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA77D2F9D57B12F9BE" blockId="2.[151,1011,1513,1612]" box="[199,828,1585,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Translation: The wings marked with unique black spots.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA7782F99D7AF7F961" box="[151,729,1657,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782F99D7AF7F961" blockId="2.[151,1387,1657,1792]" box="[151,729,1657,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Species included by Hübner in original description:</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAA77D2F9797D45F8F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA77D2F9797A09F945" blockId="2.[151,1387,1657,1792]" box="[199,551,1693,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA77D2F9797A09F945" authority="Cramer. 1780" authorityName="Cramer." authorityYear="1780" box="[199,551,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA77D2F97979A6F945" box="[199,392,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyrma adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
Cramer. 1780
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA77D2F9257A58F929" blockId="2.[151,1387,1657,1792]" box="[199,630,1729,1756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA77D2F9257A58F929" authority="Hubner, [1823]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[199,630,1729,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA77D2F92579ABF929" box="[199,389,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyrma ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, [1823] 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA77D2F9017D45F8F2" blockId="2.[151,1387,1657,1792]" box="[199,1387,1765,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB590A6F5527FFAA77D2F9017D45F8F2" box="[199,1387,1765,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA77D2F9017A8AF90D" authority="Hubner, [1823]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[199,676,1765,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interpuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA77D2F901799EF90D" box="[199,432,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyrma interpuncta</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, [1823] 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA75BAF9027B7CF90D" box="[687,850,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
[manuscript name
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA733CF9017C76F90D" box="[1065,1112,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">vide</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE80B505527FFAA734AF9017D4AF8F2" author="Hemming, A. F." box="[1119,1380,1765,1792]" page="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05527FFAA734AF9017D3FF90D" author="Hemming, A. F." box="[1119,1297,1765,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref34295" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1937) Hubner: A Bibliographical and Systematic Account of the Entomological Works of Jacob Hubner and of the Supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frolich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schaffer. Vol. II. Royal Entomological Society of London, London, 274 pp." type="book" year="1937">Hemming 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 160
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5527FFAC7782F8C978CEFBAB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAA7782F8C97BFEF8B5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1837,2008]" box="[151,976,1837,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA7782F8C97969F8B5" bold="true" box="[151,327,1837,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Re-description</emphasis>
|
||
(based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F293E35527FFAA76D4F8CA79DFF8BA" box="[449,497,1838,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA754AF8C97BEDF8B5" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[607,963,1837,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA754AF8C97B31F8B5" box="[607,799,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Athyrma adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05527FFAA7433F8C97BEDF8B5" author="Cramer, P." box="[806,963,1837,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref33832" refString="Cramer, P. (1780) De Uitlandsche Kapellen Voorkomende in Drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Vol. 3. Parts 23 - 24. S. J. Baalde and Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild., Amsterdam, 47 pp." type="book" year="1780">Cramer, 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415527FFAB77D2F8B57DA0FD03" blockId="2.[151,1437,1837,2008]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA77D2F8B57975F899" box="[199,347,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Adult habitus</emphasis>
|
||
. Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB180A45527FFAA76F0F8B57A71F89E" box="[485,607,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="35.0">35–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Females average larger. Head prominent, eyes large and naked, not lashed; antennae of both male and female filiform (Fig. B) with straight segmental bristles slightly longer than the width of the shaft, except in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25527FFAA7688F87D79DDF841" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[413,499,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535527FFAA7688F87D79DDF841" box="[413,499,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in which the male antennae are serrulate (Fig. C); proboscis robust, labial palpi upturned to vertex or higher, third segment one half length of second, closely scaled without a brush; frons free of scales, a patch of white scales below the eyes; thoracic vestiture mouse-brown with a mixture of white and brown, mostly 3-toothed scales, no crest but a slight dorsal ridge; tegulae of broad toothed scales, concolorous with thoracic vestiture; abdomen concolorous with thorax, dorsal tufts on 1st and 2nd segments, white scale tuft at tip of male abdomen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB765EFEE779AEFEEE" box="[331,384,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. All legs heavily scaled with a tuft of longer scales on the proximal end of the tibia; no tibial spines on any legs; foretibia without spurs; mid-tibia with a distal pair of spurs; male mid-tibia with long hairs from the base, but without the retaining groove found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25526FFAB75C8FEAF7B52FE97" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[733,892,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eulepidotinae">Eulepidotinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; hind tibia with a pair of spurs both distally and proximally; on the proximal pair the smaller member of the pair greater than half the length of the longer; on the distal pair the smaller member approximately one third the length of the longer, the tarsi bicolored, paler at the joints, tarsal spines in a row of three, claws unmodified.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB75D8FE537B3FFE22" box="[717,785,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45526FFAB743CFE537B5EFE23" box="[809,880,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,973,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[151,1436,978,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE E (terminology for forewing markings, A. dormitrix exemplar): 1) “neck” of dog head 2) subterminal line 3) post medial line (p.m. line) 4) submarginal spots before p.m. line 5) “bridge” of “nose” 6) dog head mark 7) “base of skull” 8) delta mark 9) basal line on costa 10) antemedial line (a.m. line) 11) terminal line." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335747/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. E</figureCitation>
|
||
) Appearance of the forewing distinctive. Ground color varying from dull mouse-brown to pink-tinged, some species with a fine dusting with silver scales; apex of the forewing slightly developed with a slight bulge in the middle of the forewing margin; reniform and subreniform stigmata fused into a crude "dog head" likeness, this pattern reduced particularly in the females of some species; claviform always present and delta shaped; post medial line a series of dots, often reduced but the two dots at the costa always present. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25526FFAB76BCFD8F7B48FD77" authority="Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[425,870,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB76BCFD8F7A07FD77" box="[425,553,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05526FFAB753AFD8F7B48FD77" author="Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F." box="[559,870,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref33902" refString="Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1874) Reise Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857 - 1859. In: Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera. Heft 4. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wein, pls. 75 - 120 with associated letter press." type="book chapter" year="1874">Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25526FFAB74A8FD8F7C12FD77" authority="Adams & Mccabe, 2022" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[957,1084,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brigittae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB74A8FD8F7C12FD77" box="[957,1084,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. brigittae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7356FD8F7CB2FD77" bold="true" box="[1091,1180,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E4C285526FFAB7356FD8F7CB2FD77" box="[1091,1180,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, a straight subterminal line present and conspicuous; a trace of white on inner aspect of reniform, possibly representing medial line; a row of terminal spots; fringe concolorous with forewing ground color; costa with marks at the basal line, antemedial (a.m.) line and the medial line. Hind wing a uniform mouse-brown with minimal patterning,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB73B3FD337CE7FD02" box="[1190,1225,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
no spots or lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF367DC95526FFAB7782FA6F7D57F9C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335743/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,250,1419,1443]" targetBox="[370,1217,777,1395]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415526FFAB7782FA6F7D57F9C1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1419,1587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7782FA6F7930FA51" bold="true" box="[151,286,1419,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE A (</emphasis>
|
||
forewing veins in ventral view (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25526FFAB7576FA6F7AF9FA51" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[611,727,1419,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7576FA6F7AF9FA51" box="[611,727,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exemplar):
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7782FA4B7887FA35" bold="true" box="[151,169,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
, costa vein;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7624FA4B7964FA35" bold="true" box="[305,330,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sc</emphasis>
|
||
, subcosta vein;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB76E3FA4B7A26FA35" bold="true" box="[502,520,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R</emphasis>
|
||
, radial veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB75B5FA4B7A96FA35" bold="true" box="[672,696,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M</emphasis>
|
||
, medial veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB744FFA4B7B54FA35" bold="true" box="[858,890,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cu</emphasis>
|
||
, cubital veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB730BFA4B7C65FA35" bold="true" box="[1054,1099,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2dA</emphasis>
|
||
, second anal vein;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB720DFA4B7D68FA35" bold="true" box="[1304,1350,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">mdc</emphasis>
|
||
, middle discocellular cross-vein (much reduced and non-functional in terms of structural support);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB7325FA377C7EFA19" bold="true" box="[1072,1104,1491,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ldc</emphasis>
|
||
, lower discocellular vein;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB724AFA377DB8FA19" bold="true" box="[1375,1430,1491,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">m-cu</emphasis>
|
||
, medio-cubital cross-vein. male retinaculum inconspicuous and located close to base of subcosta. Chitinized lobe in center of fovea of unknown function. Formation of a foveal pocket caused accessory cell to be narrow, slightly curved, and elongate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415526FFAC77D2F9B97A4EFF24" blockId="3.[151,1437,1628,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535526FFAB77D2F9B97907F984" box="[199,297,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venation</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45526FFAB7657F9B879A3F984" box="[322,397,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE A" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[370,1217,777,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-347@3.[370,1217,777,1395]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE A (forewing veins in ventral view (A. tuberosa exemplar): C, costa vein; Sc, subcosta vein; R, radial veins; M, medial veins; Cu, cubital veins; 2dA, second anal vein; mdc, middle discocellular cross-vein (much reduced and non-functional in terms of structural support); ldc, lower discocellular vein; m-cu, medio-cubital cross-vein. male retinaculum inconspicuous and located close to base of subcosta. Chitinized lobe in center of fovea of unknown function. Formation of a foveal pocket caused accessory cell to be narrow, slightly curved, and elongate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335743/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. A</figureCitation>
|
||
) Venation of the fore and hind wing typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25526FFAB74A6F9B87C37F984" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[947,1049,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for distortion of the male forewing by a unique sexual modification (alar fovea) below the costa (C) about midway along its length; ventral surface of fovea with a conspicuous patch of pale-colored scales (Fig. D); forewing costa convex above fovea while subcosta (Sc) similarly distorted below fovea into a concave curve; radial vein (R1) originating from middle of the discal cell and gently curving beneath the fovea; areole present below fovea; R2 arising very near the end of the upper border of the areole; R3 and R4 stalked from the end of the areole; R3 terminating at the costa before the apex of the forewing; R4 terminating at the apex; R5 originating from end of the areole; first medial vein (M1) arising from middle of the lower border of the areole; M2 arising very close to M3 from the cell, distant from M1; M1 appearing quadrifid with the cubital veins (Cu1 and Cu2); middle discocellular cross-vein absent; one anal vein (A2) present. Hind wing: Sc and Rs fused near the base; areole absent; cubitus vein appearing quadrifid with Rs and M1 branching from the apex of the discal cell; no middle discocellular cross-vein; two anal veins but no trace of vestigial R1 at the base. Male frenulum with one stout bristle; female frenulum with two bristles (three bristles commonly encountered in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC76F9FF5F7A7BFF24" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[492,597,187,214]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FF3B7A57FDCF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FF3B7940FF0B" box="[199,366,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45521FFAC7692FF3B79FFFF0B" box="[391,465,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE F" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1436,597,1570]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE F (terminology for male genital capsule, A. urbanae exemplar): 1) uncus 2) gnathos 3) tegumen 4) cucullus 5) clasper 6) juxta 7) valve 8) vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335749/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Expanded base of uncus with a simple, dorsal, round-tipped spur; tip of the uncus tridentate, a second simple spur approximately midway on its ventral aspect; anal tube (scaphium plus subscaphium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05521FFAC778AFEC37903FEB3" author="Pierce, F. N." box="[159,301,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35570" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1909) The genitalia of the group Noctuidae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands: an account of the morphology of the male clasping organs. A. W. Duncan, Liverpool, 88 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1909">Pierce, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)) membranous. The scaphium sclerotized in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC744BFEC37BECFEB3" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[862,962,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05521FFAC74DAFEC37D37FEB3" author="Fibiger, M. & Lafontaine, J. D." box="[975,1305,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="7 - 690" refId="ref33962" refString="Fibiger, M. & Lafontaine, J. D. (2004) A revision of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana, 11, 7 - 690." type="journal article" year="2004">Fibiger and Lafontaine, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05521FFAC7236FEC3795AFE97" author="Lafontaine, J. D. & Schmidt, B. C." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref35020" refString="Lafontaine, J. D. & Schmidt, B. C. (2010) Annotated checklist of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 40, 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 40.414" type="journal article" year="2010">Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Valve: cucullus rounded with a patch of nondeciduous spinules on its costa, these not in a single marginal row; clasper "thumb-like" apparently to fit into "sockets" of the female subgenital sternite; digitus, ampulla, and editum absent; juxta elongate, appearing in two distinct halves; sacculus and vinculum unmodified. Phallus a broad, straight tube proportionately large for the size of the genital capsule; vesica with four diverticula, all but one with an apical patch of non-deciduous spines; patch of spines on each lobe approximately the same size, the lobes extending at oblique angles from the central core. Eighth abdominal segment modified as a supra-genital plate with a bicuspid area of sclerotization.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FDA37A90FCCB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FDA379A1FD93" box="[199,399,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45521FFAC76BBFDA37A2AFD93" box="[430,516,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE G" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1173,1197]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1436,181,1149]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE G (terminology for bursa copulatrix, A. ciboney exemplar): 1) Socket (receptacle for male clasper) 2) ostium bursae 3) ductus bursae 4) strap-like sclerotized area (a signum condition) 5) corpora bursae 6) seventh sternite (subgenital plate) 7) ductus seminalis 8) appendix bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335751/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Intersegmental membrane between last (8th) sternite and subgenital plate conspicuously modified with a pair of heavily sclerotized hemispheric sockets, which do not appear sensory. These intersegmental sockets developed from anterior edge of eighth sternite, a plate-like portion separated from the body of the sternite. Bursa copulatrix functionally divided into recognizable ostium bursae, ductus bursae, corpora bursae, and appendix bursae; ostium bursae and ductus bursae unmodified; corpora bursae membranous except where variously modified by an area of sclerotization; appendix bursae not developed in most species but defined by the point of attachment with ductus seminalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FCA77B88FC1F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FCA77924FCAE" box="[199,266,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45521FFAC7631FCA7795DFCAF" box="[292,371,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE H" captionStartId="43.[151,250,805,829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[154,1433,181,781]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE H (A. romacki larval exemplar): 1) Larva, dorsal view 2) larva showing startle pattern on dorsum of first abdominal segment. Photographs compliments of Daniel Janzen (93-SRNP-8429 from Guanacaste, Costa Rica)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335753/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ultimate instar a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC75BEFCA77B21FCAF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[683,783,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
semi-looper, with abdominal prolegs reduced in size on segments three and four; general habitus similar to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7448FC837C1BFC73" authority="Hubner, 1818" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[861,1077,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Zale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC7448FC837BA1FC73" box="[861,911,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zale</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05521FFAC7482FC837C1BFC73" author="Hubner, J." box="[919,1077,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1808 - 1818" refId="ref34569" refString="Hubner, J. (1818) Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, bestehend in Betundigung einzeiner Fliegmuster neuer oder rarer Nichteuropaischer Gattungen. Erstes Hundert. s. n., Augsburg, 32 + 8 (unnumbered) pp., figs. 1 - 200, 33 pls. [published 1808 - 1818]" type="journal article" year="1818">Hübner, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; head and body with middorsal broad stripe with undulating margins typical of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7404FC6F7B89FC57" box="[785,935,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Zale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC7404FC6F7B6DFC57" box="[785,835,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zale</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
When "looping" or provoked, 1st and 2nd abdominal segments form a hump, with a conspicuous black or yellow and red middorsal transverse band (eyespot); 5th and 6th abdominal prolegs and terminal (anal) proleg unmodified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FC137C1DFBE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" box="[199,1075,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FC13792CFBE2" box="[199,258,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. Enclosed within a leaf; with surface flocculence often seen in Erebinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FBFF78CEFBAB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FBFF7976FBC7" bold="true" box="[199,344,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Food plants</emphasis>
|
||
. Known larval food plant records are in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC747FFBFF7BD8FBC7" box="[874,1014,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dilleniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7326FBFF78F2FBAB" authority="(Janzen & Hallwachs, 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Janzen & Hallwachs" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Vitaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD850B05521FFAC73B3FBFF78FAFBAB" author="Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref34796" refString="Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W. (2019) Philosophy, navigation and use of a dynamic database (" ACG Caterpillars SRNP ") for an inventory of the macrocaterpillar fauna, and its food plants and parasitoids, of the Area de Conservation Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu (accessed 30 December 2020)" type="url" year="2019">Janzen & Hallwachs, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5521FFAC77D2FB877D16FB37" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FB877D16FB37" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FB877966FB8F" bold="true" box="[199,328,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC764DFB877996FB8F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[344,440,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC764DFB877996FB8F" box="[344,440,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Greek for “without an entrance”. However, there is a familiar Greek toy, popular in Hübner’s time, called an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC76A7FB637A37FB53" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[434,537,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Athyrma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is a figurine in the shape of an animal. Perhaps Hübner’s choice of the name was a subtle reference to the dog head pattern on the forewing of most members of the eponymous genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5521FFAC77D2FB2A7DA2FAA7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FB2A7DA2FAA7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77D2FB2A79C4FB1A" bold="true" box="[199,490,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Behavioral observations</emphasis>
|
||
. Three species of flying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC741CFB2B7B47FB1B" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[777,873,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC741CFB2B7B47FB1B" box="[777,873,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7469FB2B7BD0FB1B" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[892,1022,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC7469FB2B7BD0FB1B" box="[892,1022,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC731BFB2B7CA6FB1B" box="[1038,1160,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC731BFB2B7CA6FB1B" box="[1038,1160,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC73DCFB2B7D7AFB1B" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1225,1364,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC73DCFB2B7D7AFB1B" box="[1225,1364,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were observed at a mercury vapor lamp in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15521FFAC753AFB177AF9FAFF" box="[559,727,1267,1293]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. No wing-produced sound was detected from these three species despite numerous observations (TLM).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC754CFAF37C24FAC3" authority="(Grote, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[601,1034,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC754CFAF37B4BFAC3" box="[601,869,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Heliocheilus paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1865)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a similar forewing fovea, but this fovea devoid of scales, was heard making ticking sounds in flight around collecting lights in Arizona (TLM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5521FFAC77D2FABB7908F9DF" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2FABB7908F9DF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC77F0FABB796BFA8B" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[229,325,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC77F0FABB796BFA8B" box="[229,325,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the fovea is crowded with specialized scales that persist even in worn individuals. These sex scales are paler colored than ordinary wing scales. The fovea is densely packed with long-stemmed scales, which are broadly rounded at the tips. These scales are sheltered by the foveal pocket. A hook-like process of unknown function, buried completely by the sex scales, hangs from the middle of the leading edge of the fovea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45521FFAC720CFA2F7D4AFA17" box="[1305,1380,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE A" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[370,1217,777,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-347@3.[370,1217,777,1395]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE A (forewing veins in ventral view (A. tuberosa exemplar): C, costa vein; Sc, subcosta vein; R, radial veins; M, medial veins; Cu, cubital veins; 2dA, second anal vein; mdc, middle discocellular cross-vein (much reduced and non-functional in terms of structural support); ldc, lower discocellular vein; m-cu, medio-cubital cross-vein. male retinaculum inconspicuous and located close to base of subcosta. Chitinized lobe in center of fovea of unknown function. Formation of a foveal pocket caused accessory cell to be narrow, slightly curved, and elongate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335743/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. A</figureCitation>
|
||
). We propose this alar fovea is a character shared by the common ancestor of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC732BFA0B7CB0F9FB" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1086,1182,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC732BFA0B7CB0F9FB" box="[1086,1182,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and exclusively by its descendants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5521FFAC77D2F9D37A81F96B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415521FFAC77D2F9D37A81F96B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15521FFAC77FDF9D379BFF9A3" box="[232,401,1591,1617]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
an adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7515F9D37AA2F9A3" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[512,652,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC7515F9D37AA2F9A3" box="[512,652,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed feeding on rotting fruit three meters from the ground (TLM). The fruit of this unidentified tree was persistent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25521FFAC7423F9BF7BB8F987" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[822,918,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535521FFAC7423F9BF7BB8F987" box="[822,918,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults have not been observed at fermented banana bait in the canopy or subcanopy (TLM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF367DC95520FFAD7782FCBD7D12FC48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335745/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,264,857,881]" targetBox="[158,1429,181,834]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415520FFAD7782FCBD7D12FC48" blockId="5.[151,1436,857,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7782FCBD7914FC80" bold="true" box="[151,314,857,882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES B-D</emphasis>
|
||
(antenna and fovea):
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7782FC99789FFC67" bold="true" box="[151,177,893,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B)</emphasis>
|
||
Filiform male antenna (photographed at mid-length) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25520FFAD75E5FC9A7BB1FC64" box="[752,927,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD75E5FC9A7BB1FC64" box="[752,927,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrma adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD74B3FC997BEFFC67" bold="true" box="[934,961,893,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C)</emphasis>
|
||
Serrulate male antenna (photographed at midlength) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25520FFAD7614FC467989FC48" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1880" box="[257,423,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7614FC467989FC48" box="[257,423,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrma orbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD76BBFC4579E6FC4B" bold="true" box="[430,456,929,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D)</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus image of the ventral surface of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25520FFAD746AFC467C02FC48" box="[895,1068,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD746AFC467C02FC48" box="[895,1068,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrma adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrating the male fovea
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF367DC95520FFAD7782F8A578EAF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1857,1881]" targetBox="[155,1432,973,1835]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415520FFAD7782F8A578EAF834" blockId="5.[151,1436,1857,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7782F8A5793FF8A8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1857,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE E</emphasis>
|
||
(terminology for forewing markings,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25520FFAD7587F8A67B20F8A8" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[658,782,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7587F8A67B20F8A8" box="[658,782,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exemplar
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7467F8A67BADF8AB" box="[882,899,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">):</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7782F8817883F88F" bold="true" box="[151,173,1893,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1)</emphasis>
|
||
“neck” of dog head
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7696F88179B6F88F" bold="true" box="[387,408,1893,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2)</emphasis>
|
||
subterminal line
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD755EF8817A4FF88F" bold="true" box="[587,609,1893,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3)</emphasis>
|
||
post medial line (p.m. line)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7493F8817BB5F88F" bold="true" box="[902,923,1893,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4)</emphasis>
|
||
submarginal spots before p.m. line
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7219F8817D0FF88F" bold="true" box="[1292,1313,1893,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5)</emphasis>
|
||
“bridge” of “nose”
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD77F1F86D78D4F853" bold="true" box="[228,250,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6)</emphasis>
|
||
dog head mark
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD76B1F86D7994F853" bold="true" box="[420,442,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7)</emphasis>
|
||
“base of skull”
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD7571F86D7A57F853" bold="true" box="[612,633,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8)</emphasis>
|
||
delta mark
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD75E2F86D7B22F853" bold="true" box="[759,780,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9)</emphasis>
|
||
basal line on costa
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD74C8F86D7BD1F853" bold="true" box="[989,1023,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10)</emphasis>
|
||
antemedial line (a.m. line)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535520FFAD720AF86D7D11F853" bold="true" box="[1311,1343,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11)</emphasis>
|
||
terminal line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5523FFAE7782FF737CACFDCF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782FF737A8CFF43" blockId="6.[151,674,151,177]" box="[151,674,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="D0BE9A2D5523FFAE7782FF737A8CFF43" bold="true" box="[151,674,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7782FF737A8CFF43" bold="true" box="[151,674,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
KEYS TO THE SPECIES OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25523FFAE7501FF737A8CFF43" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[532,674,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7501FF737A8CFF43" bold="true" box="[532,674,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ATHYRMA</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782FF3B7C99FF0B" blockId="6.[151,1436,223,322]" box="[151,1207,223,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prior to using the keys, the specimens should be sorted to sex and male antennal modification.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782FEE77D18FEB3" blockId="6.[151,1436,223,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dichotomous keys are as follows: Key A, male habitus; Key B, female habitus; Key C, male genitalia of species with serrulate antennae; Key D, male genitalia of species with filiform antennae; Key E, female genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782FE707CACFDCF" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Key A: Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25523FFAE762EFE7779B5FE5F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[315,411,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE762EFE7779B5FE5F" box="[315,411,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on habitus but including known distributions and characters of the vesica where necessary. The forewing pattern has been illustrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45523FFAE75F2FE537B03FE20" box="[743,813,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURE E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,973,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[151,1436,978,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE E (terminology for forewing markings, A. dormitrix exemplar): 1) “neck” of dog head 2) subterminal line 3) post medial line (p.m. line) 4) submarginal spots before p.m. line 5) “bridge” of “nose” 6) dog head mark 7) “base of skull” 8) delta mark 9) basal line on costa 10) antemedial line (a.m. line) 11) terminal line." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335747/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and all the salient features are labelled. The large mark near the wing base, distally bordered by the antemedial [a.m.] line, will hereafter be called the “delta mark”. The irregular mark that encompasses the region of the reniform and often extending to the subreniform will hereafter be called the “dog head”. When fully developed, it takes the shape of a dog’s head and neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF367DC95523FFAE7782F9DE7BC3F984" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1594,1618]" targetBox="[151,1436,597,1570]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F9DE7BAAF9A0" blockId="6.[151,1005,1594,1655]" box="[151,900,1594,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7782F9DE7921F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,271,1594,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE F</emphasis>
|
||
(terminology for male genital capsule,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25523FFAE758AF9DF7B21F9A0" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[671,783,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE758AF9DF7B21F9A0" box="[671,783,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. urbanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exemplar):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F9BA7BC3F984" blockId="6.[151,1005,1594,1655]" box="[151,1005,1630,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7782F9BA7883F984" bold="true" box="[151,173,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1)</emphasis>
|
||
uncus
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE77E1F9BA7924F984" bold="true" box="[244,266,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2)</emphasis>
|
||
gnathos
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7670F9BA7954F984" bold="true" box="[357,378,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3)</emphasis>
|
||
tegumen
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE76CBF9BA79DDF984" bold="true" box="[478,499,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4)</emphasis>
|
||
cucullus
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7541F9BA7A47F984" bold="true" box="[596,617,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5)</emphasis>
|
||
clasper
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE75A8F9BA7AFDF984" bold="true" box="[701,723,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6)</emphasis>
|
||
juxta
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7407F9BA7B09F984" bold="true" box="[786,807,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7)</emphasis>
|
||
valve
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE747FF9BA7BAEF984" bold="true" box="[874,896,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8)</emphasis>
|
||
vinculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5523FFAF7782F9467DB2F908" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFD87A705523FFAF7782F9467DB2F908" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45523FFAE7782F9467DB2F926" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F9467DB2F945" blockId="6.[151,1436,1697,1749]" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F9467DB2F945" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1 Subterminal line straight and distinct, from near forewing apex to outer two thirds of hind margin..................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F95B7DB2F926" blockId="6.[151,1436,1697,1749]" box="[151,1436,1727,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F95B7DB2F926" box="[151,1436,1727,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Subterminal line absent or indistinct, never a solid straight line, may be represented by a series of spots................. 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45523FFAE7782F91D7DB2F895" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F91D7DB3F8DE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1785,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F91D7DB3F8DE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
2 Costa mark at wing base present or absent; delta mark with less pronounced “shelf” (dissection required;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45523FFAE73C2F91D7D33F8FD" box="[1239,1309,1785,1807]" captionStart="FIGS 9–19" captionStartId="16.[151,210,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[164,1413,258,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[151,1436,181,1527]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGS 9–19: Athyrma male imagines: Figs: 9) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 10) ciboney, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624], showing expression of dog head “neck” 11) ciboney, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755], showing loss of “neck” portion of dog head 12) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 13) orbana, Brazil [TLM 5772] 14) orbana, Peru, NEOTYPE [TLM 6042] 15) itatiaia, Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 16) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5998] (dissected after being photographed)] 17) nodosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 18) tuberosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5722] 19) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 19) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); vesica with the two spine-bearing diverticula straight and directed distally (away from phallus); Central America.............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25523FFAE725FF8F27DB3F8DE" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brigittae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE725FF8F27DB3F8DE" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brigittae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F8D17DB2F895" blockId="6.[151,1437,1785,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F8D17DB2F895" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
- Costa mark at wing base present; delta mark with more pronounced “shelf” (dissection required;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45523FFAE736DF8D07C95F8B8" box="[1144,1211,1844,1866]" captionStart="FIGS 9–19" captionStartId="16.[151,210,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[164,1413,258,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[151,1436,181,1527]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGS 9–19: Athyrma male imagines: Figs: 9) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 10) ciboney, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624], showing expression of dog head “neck” 11) ciboney, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755], showing loss of “neck” portion of dog head 12) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 13) orbana, Brazil [TLM 5772] 14) orbana, Peru, NEOTYPE [TLM 6042] 15) itatiaia, Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 16) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5998] (dissected after being photographed)] 17) nodosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 18) tuberosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5722] 19) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 19) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) vesica with two spinebearing diverticula twisted in an incomplete spiral and directed proximally (towards the phallus); South America..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25523FFAE7252F8B57DB2F895" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1351,1436,1873,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535523FFAE7252F8B57DB2F895" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45523FFAE7782F8687DB2F80B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F8687DB2F84D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1932,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F8687DB2F84D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3 Antennae serrulate (Fig. C) with bristle tips reflexed forward so that the bristles are so proximate as to nearly touch each other; dog head usually reduced.............................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415523FFAE7782F8237DB2F80B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1932,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745523FFAE7782F8237DB2F80B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Antennae filiform (Fig. B) with bristles that have their tips nearly straight or with entire bristle very gently curved throughout length, well-separated; dog head variable.................................................................. 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FF517DB2FEF7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FF517DB3FF38" blockId="7.[151,1437,180,261]" box="[151,1437,180,203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FF517DB3FF38" box="[151,1437,180,203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
4 Dog head with a well-developed neck; delta mark with distal edge bulging;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF74AFFF517BC8FF38" box="[954,998,181,202]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF723BFF507DB3FF38" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1437,180,202]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF723BFF507DB3FF38" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,180,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">tapichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FF377DB2FEF7" blockId="7.[151,1437,180,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FF377DB2FEF7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Dog head lacks a neck or has a reduced neck, but if present then delta mark with distal edge straight – not bulging; widespread........................................................................................ ... 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FECE7DB2FE47" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FECE7DB2FE88" blockId="7.[151,1437,298,437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FECE7DB2FE88" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
5 Dog head typically lacks a neck; portion of forewing, adjacent and beneath dog head, with darker brown scales (dissection required); vesica with only one patch of cornuti (in the form of short, non-deciduous spines); Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF73ABFEA37CDDFEAF" box="[1214,1267,327,349]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central America.......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF73E9FE807D66FE88" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1276,1352,356,378]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF73E9FE807D66FE88" bold="true" box="[1276,1352,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FE677DB2FE47" blockId="7.[151,1437,298,437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FE677DB2FE47" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Dog head often has start of a neck; region around and below reniform mark is pale (dissection required); vesica with two separate patches of cornuti; Central and South America....................................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FE3E7DB2FDBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FE3E7DB2FDFF" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FE3E7DB2FDFF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
6 Central America (dissection required); vesica with five diverticula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF7495FE3E7BE5FE02" box="[896,971,474,496]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
), the three non-spine bearing, basal diverticula conjoined at base and all lack apical spinules (use high magnification)..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF73E9FE137D66FDFF" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1276,1352,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF73E9FE137D66FDFF" bold="true" box="[1276,1352,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FDF17DB2FDBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FDF17DB2FDBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- South America (dissection required); vesica with four or five diverticula, one of the three basal diverticula not conjoined with the others (one very distant) and two (of the three most basal diverticula) terminate in spinules (use high magnification).... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FD897DB3FD28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FD897DB3FD52" blockId="7.[151,1437,621,731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FD897DB3FD52" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
7 Northern South America; (dissection required,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF75B1FD897AC7FD71" box="[676,745,621,643]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
) non-spine bearing diverticulum longer than spine bearing diverticula..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7247FD6E7DB3FD52" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1362,1437,650,672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7247FD6E7DB3FD52" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FD4C7DB3FD28" blockId="7.[151,1437,621,731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FD4C7DB3FD28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- Northern and Central South America; (dissection required,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF7400FD437B77FD4F" box="[789,857,679,701]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
) non-spine bearing diverticula are shorter than spine bearing diverticula................................................................................... ...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7243FD207DB3FD28" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1366,1437,708,730]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7243FD207DB3FD28" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">orbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FCE47DB2FCBD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FCE47DB3FCC0" blockId="7.[151,1437,767,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FCE47DB3FCC0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
8 Costa at base without black mark or this mark is faint (this basal mark nearly touches thorax); black dog head, when present, with comparatively thin neck;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF7512FCF97ABBFCC1" box="[519,661,797,819]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF75D1FCF97AD1FCC1" box="[708,767,797,819]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7243FCF87DB3FCC0" box="[1366,1437,796,818]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7243FCF87DB3FCC0" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FCDF7DB2FCBD" blockId="7.[151,1437,767,848]" box="[151,1436,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FCDF7DB2FCBD" box="[151,1436,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Costa at base with distinct dark mark (this basal mark nearly touches thorax); dog head fully expressed with a thick neck.. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FC917DB2FC55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FC917DB2FC78" blockId="7.[151,1436,885,936]" box="[151,1436,885,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FC917DB2FC78" box="[151,1436,885,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9 Slightly elongate white spot at base of skull of dog head appearing indented into margin............................ 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FC777DB2FC55" blockId="7.[151,1436,885,936]" box="[151,1436,914,936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FC777DB2FC55" box="[151,1436,914,936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Slightly elongate white spot at base of skull of dog head appearing confluent with margin........................... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FC297DB3FC0D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FC297DB2FC10" blockId="7.[151,1437,972,1024]" box="[151,1436,972,995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FC297DB2FC10" box="[151,1436,972,995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
10 A.m. costal mark more than double the width of the basal mark; northern coast of South America ...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF722AFC287DB2FC10" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1343,1436,972,994]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF722AFC287DB2FC10" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FC0F7DB3FC0D" blockId="7.[151,1437,972,1024]" box="[151,1437,1002,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FC0F7DB3FC0D" box="[151,1437,1002,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- A.m. costal mark usually only slightly larger than basal mark;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF742CFC0F7BABFBF2" box="[825,901,1003,1024]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF724BFC0E7DB3FC0D" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1374,1437,1002,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF724BFC0E7DB3FC0D" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">cryani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FBC17DB2FBA5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FBC17DB2FBC8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1061,1112]" box="[151,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FBC17DB2FBC8" box="[151,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
11 Distal margin (a.m. line) with delta mark bulging at middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF7432FBC17BACFBC9" box="[807,898,1061,1083]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="15.[151,212,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,772,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-241@15.[151,1436,738,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGS. 1–8: Athyrma male imagines: Figs: 1) adjutrix, French Guiana 2) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 3) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 4) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 5) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 6) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5999] 7) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 8) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 8) is the same for all the figures" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332259/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) ..........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7291FBC17DB2FBC8" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1061,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FBA77DB2FBA5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1061,1112]" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FBA77DB2FBA5" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- Distal margin (a.m. line) of delta mark straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF75BAFBA67ADBFBAA" box="[687,757,1090,1112]" captionStart="FIGS 9–19" captionStartId="16.[151,210,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[164,1413,258,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[151,1436,181,1527]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGS 9–19: Athyrma male imagines: Figs: 9) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 10) ciboney, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624], showing expression of dog head “neck” 11) ciboney, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755], showing loss of “neck” portion of dog head 12) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 13) orbana, Brazil [TLM 5772] 14) orbana, Peru, NEOTYPE [TLM 6042] 15) itatiaia, Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 16) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5998] (dissected after being photographed)] 17) nodosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 18) tuberosa, French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5722] 19) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 19) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) or slightly bulging......................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7291FBA67DB2FBA5" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1090,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FB997DB2FB5D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FB997DB2FB60" blockId="7.[151,1436,1149,1200]" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FB997DB2FB60" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
12 Delta mark bulging to form a square (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C45522FFAF7559FB997AA9FB61" box="[588,647,1149,1171]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="15.[151,212,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,772,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-241@15.[151,1436,738,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGS. 1–8: Athyrma male imagines: Figs: 1) adjutrix, French Guiana 2) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 3) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 4) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 5) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 6) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5999] 7) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 8) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 8) is the same for all the figures" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332259/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF758FFB997AE8FB60" box="[666,710,1149,1170]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
..................................................... ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF724EFB997DB2FB60" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1371,1436,1149,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasuni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF724EFB997DB2FB60" bold="true" box="[1371,1436,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">yasuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FB7E7DB2FB5D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1149,1200]" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FB7E7DB2FB5D" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7782FB7E78B1FB5D" bold="true" box="[151,159,1178,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</emphasis>
|
||
Delta mark slightly bulging at middle or straight...........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7291FB7E7DB2FB5D" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1178,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FB317DB2FAFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FB317DB2FB18" blockId="7.[151,1436,1237,1288]" box="[151,1436,1237,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FB317DB2FB18" box="[151,1436,1237,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
13 Delta mark slightly bulging at middle; widespread in South America............................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7291FB317DB2FB18" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1237,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FB177DB2FAFA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1237,1288]" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FB177DB2FAFA" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- Delta mark straight; coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF76E5FB167A05FAFA" box="[496,555,1266,1288]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7216FB167D78FAFA" bold="true" box="[1283,1366,1266,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7216FB167D66FAF5" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1283,1352,1266,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7216FB167D66FAF5" bold="true" box="[1283,1352,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FAC97DB3FA8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FAC97DB3FAB0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1324,1405]" box="[151,1437,1324,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FAC97DB3FAB0" box="[151,1437,1324,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
14 Dog head with a thick neck, delta mark bulge is extreme [dissection required] three spine patches on vesica...... ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF725BFAC87DB3FAB0" box="[1358,1437,1324,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF725BFAC87DB3FAB0" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FAAF7DB3FA8F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1324,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FAAF7DB3FA8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- Dog head with neck normal, delta mark smoothly and slightly bulging [dissection required]; one spine patch on vesica ...................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF725FFA837DB3FA8F" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,1383,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF725FFA837DB3FA8F" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">urbanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782FA467DB2F9FD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FA467DB2FA27" blockId="7.[151,1437,1442,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FA467DB2FA27" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15 “Bridge” of dog head “nose” usually without adjacent contrasting pinkish or white area unless ground color mottled; South America ............................................................................................ 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782FA397DB2F9FD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1442,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782FA397DB2F9FD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- “Bridge” of dog head “nose” usually with an adjacent pale pink to white mark; ground colors variable; Caribbean, Central America,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DE3A35522FFAF7655FA1E79ABF9E2" box="[320,389,1530,1552]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
..................................................................................... 17
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782F9D17DB2F995" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782F9D17DB2F9B8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1588,1640]" box="[151,1436,1588,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782F9D17DB2F9B8" box="[151,1436,1588,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
16 Coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF7625F9D17945F9B9" box="[304,363,1589,1611]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
[dissection required],with two patches of spines on vesica.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7216F9D17D66F9B8" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1283,1352,1589,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7216F9D17D66F9B8" bold="true" box="[1283,1352,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782F9B77DB2F995" blockId="7.[151,1436,1588,1640]" box="[151,1436,1617,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782F9B77DB2F995" box="[151,1436,1617,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF77F7F9B6791CF99A" box="[226,306,1618,1640]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
[dissection required], with one patch of spines on vesica....................................... ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7252F9B67DB2F995" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1436,1618,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="svensoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7252F9B67DB2F995" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">svensoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E45522FFAF7782F9697DB2F908" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782F9697DB2F932" blockId="7.[151,1437,1677,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782F9697DB2F932" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
17 A.m. line slightly bulging; ground color mottled brown and lacking pale white or pink “bridge” of dog head “nose”; Central America nearly to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF7680F94E79F0F932" box="[405,478,1706,1728]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF725EF94E7DB2F932" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1355,1436,1706,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF725EF94E7DB2F932" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">romacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782F92C7DB2F908" blockId="7.[151,1437,1677,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E745522FFAF7782F92C7DB2F908" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- A.m. line straight; ground color violet gray and typically with pale white or pink area above “bridge” of dog head “nose”; Central America including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD15522FFAF76F3F9017A1CF909" box="[486,562,1765,1787]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida, and northern Caribbean....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7236F9007DB2F908" authorityName="Troubridge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1315,1436,1764,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fakahatchee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7236F9007DB2F908" bold="true" box="[1315,1436,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fakahatchee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA5522FFAF7782F8AA7A65F87E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D415522FFAF7782F8AA7A65F87E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1869,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Key B- Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C25522FFAF7659F8A97982F895" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[332,428,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF1535522FFAF7659F8A97982F895" box="[332,428,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Athyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on forewing markings and distribution. The female’s dog head is often so reduced that it resembles a large, squat comma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF367DC9552DFFA07782FB717C12FB07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6335751/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1173,1197]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1149]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FB717B77FB5F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1173,1269]" box="[151,857,1173,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07782FB71793AFB5F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1173,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE G</emphasis>
|
||
(terminology for bursa copulatrix,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA0756CFB717ACAFB5F" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[633,740,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA0756CFB717ACAFB5F" box="[633,740,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exemplar):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FB5D7C12FB07" blockId="8.[151,1436,1173,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07782FB5D7883FB23" bold="true" box="[151,173,1209,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Socket (receptacle for male clasper)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07532FB5D7A13FB23" bold="true" box="[551,573,1209,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2)</emphasis>
|
||
ostium bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA075CDFB5D7AC3FB23" bold="true" box="[728,749,1209,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3)</emphasis>
|
||
ductus bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07490FB5D7BB5FB23" bold="true" box="[901,923,1209,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4)</emphasis>
|
||
strap-like sclerotized area (a signum condition)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07292FB5D7DB2FB23" bold="true" box="[1415,1436,1209,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5)</emphasis>
|
||
corpora bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07626FB397967FB07" bold="true" box="[307,329,1245,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6)</emphasis>
|
||
seventh sternite (subgenital plate)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA075BFFB397AEEFB07" bold="true" box="[682,704,1245,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7)</emphasis>
|
||
ductus seminalis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07461FB397BA4FB07" bold="true" box="[884,906,1245,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8)</emphasis>
|
||
appendix bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA552DFFA17782FAFE7DB2FAB0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFD87A70552DFFA17782FAFE7DB2FAB0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782FAFE7DB2FA9B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FAFE7DB2FABE" blockId="8.[151,1436,1305,1386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782FAFE7DB2FABE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1 Subterminal line solid, straight, and distinct, originating from close to apex and extending to outer two thirds of anal margin.................................................................................................. ... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FAB17DB2FA9B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1305,1386]" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782FAB17DB2FA9B" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Subterminal line a series of broken dots or absent ............................................................ 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782FA6B7DB3FA30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FA6B7DB2FA56" blockId="8.[151,1437,1422,1474]" box="[151,1436,1422,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782FA6B7DB2FA56" box="[151,1436,1422,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
2 South America; costal mark present or absent; delta mark with more pronounced “shelf” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552DFFA0732AFA6B7CABFA57" box="[1087,1157,1423,1445]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="20.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-218@20.[151,1436,151,1474]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGS. 27–36: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 27) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 28) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a small “comma”, Costa Rica [TLM 5780] 29) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a large “comma”, Florida [TLM 5602] 30) tapichensis, Peru [species represented by this unique specimen that had previously had the valves forced apart – see figs. 53 & 54 for a comparison] [TLM 5716] 31) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 32) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] 33) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 34) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 35) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 36) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 10) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
)..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA07252FA6A7DB2FA56" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1351,1436,1422,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07252FA6A7DB2FA56" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FA497DB3FA30" blockId="8.[151,1437,1422,1474]" box="[151,1437,1452,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782FA497DB3FA30" box="[151,1437,1452,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- Central America; costal mark present at base; delta mark with less pronounced “shelf” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552DFFA07327FA487C59FA30" box="[1074,1143,1452,1474]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="20.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-218@20.[151,1436,151,1474]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGS. 27–36: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 27) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 28) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a small “comma”, Costa Rica [TLM 5780] 29) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a large “comma”, Florida [TLM 5602] 30) tapichensis, Peru [species represented by this unique specimen that had previously had the valves forced apart – see figs. 53 & 54 for a comparison] [TLM 5716] 31) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 32) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] 33) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 34) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 35) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 36) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 10) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
)................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA0725FFA487DB3FA30" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brigittae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA0725FFA487DB3FA30" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brigittae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782FA037DB2F9E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782FA037DB2FA0E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1511,1562]" box="[151,1436,1511,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782FA037DB2FA0E" box="[151,1436,1511,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3 No black dog head (rarely a faded brown dog head); typically two tiny black circles marking edge of p.m. line........... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F9E17DB2F9E8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1511,1562]" box="[151,1436,1540,1562]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F9E17DB2F9E8" box="[151,1436,1540,1562]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- With large black dog head often reduced to the shape of a fat comma but sometimes complete........................ 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782F9DB7DB2F95E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F9DB7DB3F980" blockId="8.[151,1437,1599,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F9DB7DB3F980" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
4 Costal mark occurring at approximate position of origin of p.m. line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552DFFA07469F9DB7BEDF9A7" box="[892,963,1599,1621]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="20.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-218@20.[151,1436,151,1474]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGS. 27–36: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 27) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 28) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a small “comma”, Costa Rica [TLM 5780] 29) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a large “comma”, Florida [TLM 5602] 30) tapichensis, Peru [species represented by this unique specimen that had previously had the valves forced apart – see figs. 53 & 54 for a comparison] [TLM 5716] 31) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 32) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] 33) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 34) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 35) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 36) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 10) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
); forewing an even, smooth, pale brown....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA07243F9B87DB3F980" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1366,1437,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07243F9B87DB3F980" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">orbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F99E7DB2F95E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1599,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F99E7DB2F95E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- No costal mark near origin of p.m. line origin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552DFFA075B1F99D7B35F962" box="[676,795,1657,1680]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="20.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-218@20.[151,1436,151,1474]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGS. 27–36: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 27) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 28) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a small “comma”, Costa Rica [TLM 5780] 29) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a large “comma”, Florida [TLM 5602] 30) tapichensis, Peru [species represented by this unique specimen that had previously had the valves forced apart – see figs. 53 & 54 for a comparison] [TLM 5716] 31) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 32) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] 33) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 34) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 35) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 36) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 10) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 33–34</figureCitation>
|
||
); forewing heavily dusted with blue-gray scales......................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA07217F9727D67F95E" box="[1282,1353,1686,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA07217F9727D67F95E" bold="true" box="[1282,1353,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782F9357DB2F8F6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F9357DB2F915" blockId="8.[151,1436,1745,1797]" box="[151,1436,1745,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F9357DB2F915" box="[151,1436,1745,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5 Dog head well-developed and includes a “neck” ............................................................. 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07788F90B7DB2F8F6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1745,1797]" box="[157,1436,1775,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07788F90B7DB2F8F6" box="[157,1436,1775,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Dog head reduced to a circular comma-shaped mark or absent – rarely with weak extension (a partial “neck”) ........... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782F8CD7DB2F88B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F8CD7DB2F8CD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1833,1914]" box="[151,1436,1833,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F8CD7DB2F8CD" box="[151,1436,1833,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6 Elongate white spot at base of skull of dog head present and indented; forewings mottled in appearance................ 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F8A37DB2F88B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1833,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F8A37DB2F88B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Elongate white spot at base of skull of dog head present or absent, but when present not appearing indented, but confluent with margin of dog head; forewings smooth in appearance......................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552DFFA07782F87B7DB3F823" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F87B7DB2F846" blockId="8.[151,1437,1950,2002]" box="[151,1436,1950,1973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F87B7DB2F846" box="[151,1436,1950,1973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
7 South America; phenotypically similar (dissection required)............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA0722AF87A7DB2F846" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1343,1436,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA0722AF87A7DB2F846" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552DFFA07782F8597DB3F823" blockId="8.[151,1437,1950,2002]" box="[151,1437,1980,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552DFFA07782F8597DB3F823" box="[151,1437,1980,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- Central America; phenotypically similar (dissection required)..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552DFFA0724BF8587DB3F823" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1374,1437,1980,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552DFFA0724BF8587DB3F823" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cryani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FF7C7DB2FF38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FF7C7DB2FF5F" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,203]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FF7C7DB2FF5F" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
8 Delta mark bulging at middle on outside edge (a.m. line); black markings present on costa; South America...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1721FFF737D77FF5F" box="[1290,1369,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1721FFF737D77FF5F" bold="true" box="[1290,1369,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in part
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FF517DB2FF38" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,203]" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FF517DB2FF38" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Delta mark straight or bulging on distal edge, if bulging then from Central America, otherwise widespread.............. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FF147DB2FECD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FF147DB2FED0" blockId="9.[151,1436,239,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FF147DB2FED0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
9 Thickened black costal markings absent (may be a trace or a thin line at the a.m., p.m., and basal lines;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD1552CFFA173D7FF0B7D61FEF7" box="[1218,1359,239,261]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17217FEE87D67FED0" box="[1282,1353,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17217FEE87D67FED0" bold="true" box="[1282,1353,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FECF7DB2FECD" blockId="9.[151,1436,239,320]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FECF7DB2FECD" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Thickened black costal markings present at basal and a.m. lines............................................. ... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FE817DB2FE65" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FE817DB3FE88" blockId="9.[151,1437,356,408]" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FE817DB3FE88" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
10 Delta mark bulging at middle on distal edge (a.m. line)..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1725BFE807DB3FE88" box="[1358,1437,356,378]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1725BFE807DB3FE88" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FE677DB2FE65" blockId="9.[151,1437,356,408]" box="[151,1436,386,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FE677DB2FE65" box="[151,1436,386,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Delta mark straight on distal edge....................................................................... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FE597DB2FDFF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FE597DB2FE20" blockId="9.[151,1436,445,525]" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FE597DB2FE20" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11 “Bridge” of “nose” of dog head same color as ground; “neck” of dog head present or absent, but quite thin if present..... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FE3F7DB2FDFF" blockId="9.[151,1436,445,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FE3F7DB2FDFF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- “Bridge” of “nose” of dog head typically pale pink or white-filled; but if not pink or white filled then “neck” of dog head well developed...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA173DAFE137D66FDFF" authorityName="Troubridge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1231,1352,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fakahatchee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173DAFE137D66FDFF" bold="true" box="[1231,1352,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fakahatchee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FDD67DB2FD97" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FDD67DB2FDB5" blockId="9.[151,1436,562,613]" box="[151,1436,562,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FDD67DB2FDB5" box="[151,1436,562,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12 South America...................................................................................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FDB47DB2FD97" blockId="9.[151,1436,562,613]" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FDB47DB2FD97" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Central America/Florida/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD1552CFFA176C6FDAB7A0EFD97" box="[467,544,591,613]" name="Jamaica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
....................................................................... 15
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FD6E7DB2FD4F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FD6E7DB3FD52" blockId="9.[151,1437,650,701]" box="[151,1437,650,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FD6E7DB3FD52" box="[151,1437,650,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
13 Dog head “neck” fully developed....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1725FFD6E7DB3FD52" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,650,672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1725FFD6E7DB3FD52" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">urbanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FD4C7DB2FD4F" blockId="9.[151,1437,650,701]" box="[151,1436,679,701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FD4C7DB2FD4F" box="[151,1436,679,701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Dog head “neck” thin or absent .......................................................................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FD067DB2FCE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FD067DB3FD0A" blockId="9.[151,1437,738,789]" box="[151,1437,738,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FD067DB3FD0A" box="[151,1437,738,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
14 Dog head “neck”, if present, tapering.................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17247FD067DB3FD0A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1362,1437,738,760]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17247FD067DB3FD0A" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FCE47DB2FCE7" blockId="9.[151,1437,738,789]" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FCE47DB2FCE7" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Dog head “neck” may be thin, but continues to “breast”..................................................... 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FCDE7DB2FC5A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FCDE7DB2FC9F" blockId="9.[151,1437,826,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FCDE7DB2FC9F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
15 Subterminal line usually a complete series of dots; reddish color below dog head extends to inner margin of forewing; [dissection required] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA17652FCB379A1FC9F" box="[327,399,855,877]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
); Central America................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1725EFCB37DB2FC9F" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1355,1436,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1725EFCB37DB2FC9F" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">romacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FC917DB2FC5A" blockId="9.[151,1437,826,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FC917DB2FC5A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Subterminal line incomplete, often with little or no trace of dots; reddish color below dog head confined to vicinity of dog head; [dissection required] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA176A0FC7679D2FC5A" box="[437,508,914,936]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DE3A3552CFFA1751BFC767A78FC5A" box="[526,598,914,936]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Caribbean, and Central America.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA173DAFC767D66FC5A" authorityName="Troubridge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1231,1352,914,936]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fakahatchee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173DAFC767D66FC5A" bold="true" box="[1231,1352,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fakahatchee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FC297DB2FC0D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FC297DB2FC10" blockId="9.[151,1436,973,1024]" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FC297DB2FC10" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16 “Neck” of dog head complete ........................................................................... 17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FC0F7DB2FC0D" blockId="9.[151,1436,973,1024]" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FC0F7DB2FC0D" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- “Neck” of dog head reduced or absent, typically reduced to a squat “comma”.................................... 19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FBC17DB2FBA5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FBC17DB2FBC8" blockId="9.[151,1436,1061,1112]" box="[151,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FBC17DB2FBC8" box="[151,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
17 Dog head with “collar of neck” not constricted........................................................ ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17242FBC17DB2FBC8" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1367,1436,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17242FBC17DB2FBC8" bold="true" box="[1367,1436,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FBA77DB2FBA5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1061,1112]" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FBA77DB2FBA5" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Dog head with “collar of neck” constricted................................................................ 18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FB997DB2FB5D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FB997DB3FB60" blockId="9.[151,1437,1148,1200]" box="[151,1437,1148,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FB997DB3FB60" box="[151,1437,1148,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
18 Dog head with short “nose” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA176EFFB997A11FB61" box="[506,575,1149,1171]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="20.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-218@20.[151,1436,151,1474]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGS. 27–36: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 27) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 28) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a small “comma”, Costa Rica [TLM 5780] 29) ciboney, with dog head reduced to a large “comma”, Florida [TLM 5602] 30) tapichensis, Peru [species represented by this unique specimen that had previously had the valves forced apart – see figs. 53 & 54 for a comparison] [TLM 5716] 31) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 32) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] 33) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 34) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 35) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 36) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 10) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332265/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) .............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1723BFB987DB3FB60" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1437,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1723BFB987DB3FB60" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tapichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FB7F7DB2FB5D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1148,1200]" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FB7F7DB2FB5D" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Dog head with long “nose” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA176E1FB7E7A14FB42" box="[500,570,1178,1200]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="19.[151,212,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,886,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-324@19.[151,1436,885,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGS. 20–26: Athyrma female imagines: Figs: 20) adjutrix, French Guiana 21) romacki, Nicaragua [TLM 5719] 22) dormitrix, French Guiana 23) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 24) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 25) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 26) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5600]. 1.0 cm scale line (in fig. 26) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332263/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17252FB7E7DB2FB5D" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1436,1178,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="svensoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17252FB7E7DB2FB5D" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">svensoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FB317DB2FAB0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FB317DB3FAFA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1236,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FB317DB3FAFA" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
19 Costal p.m. mark indistinct [dissection required]; strap-like signa above middle of corpora bursae; northern South America................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17247FB167DB3FAFA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1362,1437,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17247FB167DB3FAFA" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FAF47DB2FAB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1236,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FAF47DB2FAB0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Costal p.m. mark well-defined and obvious [dissection required]; strap-like signa near middle of corpora bursae; Central America and Caribbean..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17245FAC87DB2FAB0" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1360,1436,1324,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17245FAC87DB2FAB0" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA552CFFA17782FA6C7934FA34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FA6C7934FA34" blockId="9.[151,1436,1416,1478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Key C- Male genitalia of species with serrulate antennae (largely characters of the vesica); all have claspers that are thumb-like.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA552CFFA27782FA0E7DB2FB40" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFD87A70552CFFA17782FA0E7DB3F892" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782FA0E7DB3F9C8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782FA0E7DB2FA0D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,1594]" box="[151,1436,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782FA0E7DB2FA0D" box="[151,1436,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1 Vesica with two or three diverticula with apical spine patches; widespread........................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F9EC7DB3F9C8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,1594]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F9EC7DB3F9C8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Vesica with one (rarely with two) diverticula with apical spine patch; Central America and northern Caribbean................................................................................................ …
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173E1F9C07DB3F9C8" bold="true" box="[1268,1437,1572,1594]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA173E1F9C07D6EF9C8" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1268,1344,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173E1F9C07D6EF9C8" bold="true" box="[1268,1344,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782F9847DB2F95D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F9847DB3F960" blockId="9.[151,1437,1631,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F9847DB3F960" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
2 Vesica with three diverticula with apical spine patches: basal one with short coarse spines, middle patch with fine spines, distal patch with large spines.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA1723BF9987DB3F960" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1437,1660,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA1723BF9987DB3F960" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tapichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F97F7DB2F95D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1631,1712]" box="[151,1436,1690,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F97F7DB2F95D" box="[151,1436,1690,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Vesica with two diverticula with apical spine patches........................................................ 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782F9317DB2F8F5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F9317DB3F918" blockId="9.[151,1437,1748,1800]" box="[151,1437,1748,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F9317DB3F918" box="[151,1437,1748,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
3 Vesica with only two diverticula, both with apical spine patches............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17243F9307DB3F918" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1366,1437,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17243F9307DB3F918" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">orbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F9177DB2F8F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1748,1800]" box="[151,1436,1778,1800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F9177DB2F8F5" box="[151,1436,1778,1800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Vesica with four or five diverticula, two with apical spine patches............................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552CFFA17782F8C97DB3F892" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F8C97DB3F8B0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1836,1888]" box="[151,1437,1836,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F8C97DB3F8B0" box="[151,1437,1836,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
4 The two diverticula with apical spine patches with a diverticulum between (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA174AFF8C97C2FF8B1" box="[954,1025,1837,1859]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
); South America..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA17247F8C87DB3F8B0" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1362,1437,1836,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA17247F8C87DB3F8B0" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552CFFA17782F8AF7DB3F892" blockId="9.[151,1437,1836,1888]" box="[151,1437,1866,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552CFFA17782F8AF7DB3F892" box="[151,1437,1866,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- The two diverticula with apical spine patches with no diverticulum between (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552CFFA174D2F8AE7C21F892" box="[967,1039,1866,1888]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
); Central America....
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173E1F8AE7DB3F892" bold="true" box="[1268,1437,1866,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552CFFA173E1F8AE7D6EF892" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1268,1344,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552CFFA173E1F8AE7D6EF892" bold="true" box="[1268,1344,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FF737CC1FF40" blockId="10.[151,1263,151,178]" box="[151,1263,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Key D- Male genitalia of species with filiform antennae (largely based on characters of the vesica).</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFD87A70552FFFA27782FF317DB2FB40" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FF317DB2FEF5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FF317DB2FF18" blockId="10.[151,1436,213,264]" box="[151,1436,213,235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FF317DB2FF18" box="[151,1436,213,235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1 Dorsal forewing with straight and prominent subterminal line ................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FF177DB2FEF5" blockId="10.[151,1436,213,264]" box="[151,1436,242,264]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FF177DB2FEF5" box="[151,1436,242,264]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Dorsal forewing lacks distinctive subterminal line........................................................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FEC97DB3FE68" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FEC97DB2FE92" blockId="10.[151,1437,301,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FEC97DB2FE92" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
2 Clasper extends nearly to the tip of the valve; spines of both apical spine patches antrorse from phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA27211FEC97D61FEB1" box="[1284,1359,301,323]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
|
||
); South America.....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27252FEAE7DB2FE92" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1351,1436,330,352]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27252FEAE7DB2FE92" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,330,352]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FE8C7DB3FE68" blockId="10.[151,1437,301,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FE8C7DB3FE68" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Clasper extends short of the tip of the valve; spines of both apical spine patches retrorse from phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA273BDFE8C7CC1FE8C" box="[1192,1263,360,382]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="28.[151,212,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-211@28.[151,1436,151,1487]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGS. 65–74: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 65) ganglio, Venezuela, NEOTYPE [TLM 5617] 66) ciboney, showing spine patch on apex of basal diverticulum, Costa Rica, [TLM 5624] 67) ciboney, with basal diverticulum showing loss of spine patch, Florida, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5755] 68) tapichensis, Peru, HOLOTYPE [AMNH 16] 69) orbana, Brazil, PARATYPE [TLM 5772] 70) itatiaia Brazil, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5963] 71) nodosa French Guiana [TLM 5998] 72) nodosa French Guiana, NEOTYPE [TLM 5581] 73) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5722] 74) brigittae, Belize, HOLOTYPE [TLM 3752]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 74) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332273/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
); Central America..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2725FFE607DB3FE68" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,388,410]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brigittae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2725FFE607DB3FE68" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,388,410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">brigittae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FE247DB2FE01" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FE247DB2FE27" blockId="10.[151,1436,447,499]" box="[151,1436,447,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FE247DB2FE27" box="[151,1436,447,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3 Vesica with 4–5 diverticula, with three apical spine patches; clasper thumb-like.................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FE397DB2FE01" blockId="10.[151,1436,447,499]" box="[151,1436,477,499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FE397DB2FE01" box="[151,1436,477,499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Vesica with 1–2 diverticula,with two or fewer spine patches; clasper variable..................................... 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FDFC7DB2FDB8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FDFC7DB3FDDF" blockId="10.[151,1437,535,587]" box="[151,1437,535,558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FDFC7DB3FDDF" box="[151,1437,535,558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
4 None of the spine patches on forked diverticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA275DFFDFC7B21FDDF" box="[714,783,535,558]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="26.[151,212,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGS. 57–64: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 57) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5585] 58) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 59) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 60) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 61) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 62) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5953] 63) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 64) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 64) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332271/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
...............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2725BFDF37DB3FDDF" box="[1358,1437,535,557]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2725BFDF37DB3FDDF" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FDD17DB2FDB8" blockId="10.[151,1437,535,587]" box="[151,1436,564,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FDD17DB2FDB8" box="[151,1436,564,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- One of the spine patches on forked diverticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA275ABFDD17B2BFDB9" box="[702,773,565,587]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="26.[151,212,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGS. 57–64: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 57) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5585] 58) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 59) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 60) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 61) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 62) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5953] 63) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 64) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 64) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332271/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2725EFDD07DB2FDB8" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1355,1436,564,586]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2725EFDD07DB2FDB8" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">romacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FD8B7DB2FD50" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FD8B7DB2FD74" blockId="10.[151,1436,623,675]" box="[151,1436,623,646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FD8B7DB2FD74" box="[151,1436,623,646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5 Vesica with two patches of spines........................................................................ 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FD697DB2FD50" blockId="10.[151,1436,623,675]" box="[151,1436,653,675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FD697DB2FD50" box="[151,1436,653,675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Vesica with one patch of spines.......................................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FD2C7DB2FD08" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FD2C7DB2FD2E" blockId="10.[151,1436,711,763]" box="[151,1436,711,734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FD2C7DB2FD2E" box="[151,1436,711,734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
6 Vesica with two sets of spines pointing in opposite directions.............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27242FD237DB2FD2E" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1367,1436,711,732]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27242FD237DB2FD2E" bold="true" box="[1367,1436,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FD017DB2FD08" blockId="10.[151,1436,711,763]" box="[151,1436,741,763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FD017DB2FD08" box="[151,1436,741,763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Vesica with two sets of spines pointing in the same direction ................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FCC47DB3FCA0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FCC47DB3FCC6" blockId="10.[151,1437,799,851]" box="[151,1437,799,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FCC47DB3FCC6" box="[151,1437,799,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
7 Apical spine patches on the same diverticulum; clasper thumb-like.........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2724BFCFB7DB3FCC6" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1374,1437,799,820]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2724BFCFB7DB3FCC6" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">cryani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FCD97DB3FCA0" blockId="10.[151,1437,799,851]" box="[151,1437,828,851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FCD97DB3FCA0" box="[151,1437,828,851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Apical spine patches on separate diverticula; clasper finger-like...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27243FCD87DB3FCA0" box="[1366,1437,828,850]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27243FCD87DB3FCA0" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FC9C7DB2FC58" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FC9C7DB2FC7E" blockId="10.[151,1436,887,939]" box="[151,1436,887,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FC9C7DB2FC7E" box="[151,1436,887,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
8 With an inconspicuous patch of a few tiny spines that are overlapping the phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA274EEFC9C7C6EFC7C" box="[1019,1088,888,910]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="26.[151,212,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGS. 57–64: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 57) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5585] 58) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 59) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 60) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 61) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 62) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5953] 63) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 64) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 64) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332271/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
).................... ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2724EFC937DB2FC7E" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1371,1436,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasuni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2724EFC937DB2FC7E" bold="true" box="[1371,1436,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">yasuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FC717DB2FC58" blockId="10.[151,1436,887,939]" box="[151,1436,917,939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FC717DB2FC58" box="[151,1436,917,939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- With a patch of large spines that are retrorse to the phallus but does not overlap the phallus ........................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FC347DB2FBF0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FC347DB2FC17" blockId="10.[151,1436,976,1027]" box="[151,1436,976,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FC347DB2FC17" box="[151,1436,976,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9 Apical spine patch on diverticulum is adjacent to the tip of the phallus.......................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FC097DB2FBF0" blockId="10.[151,1436,976,1027]" box="[151,1436,1005,1027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FC097DB2FBF0" box="[151,1436,1005,1027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Apical spine patch is distant from the tip of the phallus...................................................... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FBCC7DB3FBA8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FBCC7DB2FBCE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1063,1115]" box="[151,1436,1063,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FBCC7DB2FBCE" box="[151,1436,1063,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
10 Apical spines long (longer than phallus is wide) and numerous (typically 7 large, long spines)..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27252FBC37DB2FBCE" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1436,1063,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="svensoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27252FBC37DB2FBCE" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">svensoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FBA17DB3FBA8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1063,1115]" box="[151,1437,1092,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FBA17DB3FBA8" box="[151,1437,1092,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Apical spines short (much shorter than phallus is wide), and few (typically 4 stout and 1 or 2 delicate, short spines).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2725FFBA07DB3FBA8" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,1092,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2725FFBA07DB3FBA8" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">urbanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FB647DB2FB40" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FB647DB2FB67" blockId="10.[151,1436,1151,1203]" box="[151,1436,1151,1174]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FB647DB2FB67" box="[151,1436,1151,1174]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
11 Spine-bearing diverticulum retrorse to phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA275BFFB647ADFFB64" box="[682,753,1152,1174]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="26.[151,212,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGS. 57–64: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 57) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5585] 58) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 59) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 60) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 61) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 62) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5953] 63) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 64) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 64) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332271/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
); clasper finger-like..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27236FB9B7DB2FB67" authorityName="Troubridge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1315,1436,1151,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fakahatchee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27236FB9B7DB2FB67" bold="true" box="[1315,1436,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fakahatchee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FB797DB2FB40" blockId="10.[151,1436,1151,1203]" box="[151,1436,1180,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FB797DB2FB40" box="[151,1436,1180,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Spine-bearing diverticulum antrorse to phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA275BBFB797ADBFB41" box="[686,757,1181,1203]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="26.[151,212,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGS. 57–64: Athyrma vesicae: Figs: 57) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5585] 58) romacki, Guatemala, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5792] 59) dormitrix, French Guiana [TLM 5582] 60) cryani, Panama, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5988] 61) yasuni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5621] 62) urbanae, Venezuela, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5953] 63) svensoni, Ecuador, HOLOTYPE [TLM 5973] 64) fakahatchee, Belize, [TLM 5600]. 1.0 mm scale line (in fig. 64) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332271/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
); clasper thumb-like...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2722AFB787DB2FB40" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1343,1436,1180,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2722AFB787DB2FB40" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA552FFFA27782FAE2795FFAB1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FAE2795FFAB1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1285,1347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Key E- Female genitalia (note: several species are not reliably separated by female genitalia). The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27291FAE278CEFAB1" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasuni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27291FAE278CEFAB1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. yasuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3537ECA552FFFA37782FA8C7DB2FC9F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFD87A70552FFFA37782FA8C7DB2FC9F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FA8C7DB2FA4A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FA8C7DB2FA68" blockId="10.[151,1436,1384,1464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FA8C7DB2FA68" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
1 Ductus bursae with sclerotized area on appendix bursae that may or may not extend onto corpora bursae proper (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA2720EFA8C7DBCFA8C" box="[1307,1426,1384,1406]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 77–81</figureCitation>
|
||
); this development is to the right or behind (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA2756FFA617AEEFA68" box="[634,704,1413,1435]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) the ductus bursae............................................ 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FA477DB2FA4A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1384,1464]" box="[151,1436,1442,1464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FA477DB2FA4A" box="[151,1436,1442,1464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Ductus bursae without sclerotized area extending to the right................................................ ... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782FA397DB2F9FD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782FA397DB2FA00" blockId="10.[151,1436,1500,1552]" box="[151,1436,1500,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782FA397DB2FA00" box="[151,1436,1500,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
2 Sclerotized area on dorsal surface of corpora bursae...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2722AFA387DB2FA00" authorityName="Guenee, in Boisduval and Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1343,1436,1500,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dormitrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2722AFA387DB2FA00" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">dormitrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27788FA1F7DB2F9FD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1500,1552]" box="[157,1436,1530,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27788FA1F7DB2F9FD" box="[157,1436,1530,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Sclerotized area on the right of corpora bursae, often so extreme as to develop into an appendix bursae................. 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782F9D17DB2F977" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F9D17DB3F99A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1589,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F9D17DB3F99A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
3 Sclerotized area lacks any extension to the right and appears as a thickening of the juncture between the ductus bursae and the corpora bursae.................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2725FF9B67DB3F99A" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2725FF9B67DB3F99A" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">urbanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F9947DB2F977" blockId="10.[151,1437,1589,1670]" box="[151,1436,1648,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F9947DB2F977" box="[151,1436,1648,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Sclerotized area with an extension to the right.............................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782F94E7DB2F92F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F94E7DB2F94D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1706,1758]" box="[151,1436,1706,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F94E7DB2F94D" box="[151,1436,1706,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
4 Appendix bursae without sclerotized area.............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27252F94E7DB2F94D" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1436,1706,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="svensoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27252F94E7DB2F94D" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">svensoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F92C7DB2F92F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1706,1758]" box="[151,1436,1735,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F92C7DB2F92F" box="[151,1436,1735,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Appendix bursae heavily sclerotized throughout............................................................ 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782F8E67DB2F8C7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F8E67DB3F8E5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1794,1846]" box="[151,1437,1794,1816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F8E67DB3F8E5" box="[151,1437,1794,1816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
5 Sclerotized appendix bursae adheres closely to outline of the corpora bursae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA274DCF8E67C21F8EA" box="[969,1039,1794,1816]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
)...........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA2724BF8E67DB3F8E5" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1374,1437,1794,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA2724BF8E67DB3F8E5" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">cryani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F8C47DB2F8C7" blockId="10.[151,1437,1794,1846]" box="[151,1436,1823,1846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F8C47DB2F8C7" box="[151,1436,1823,1846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Sclerotized appendix bursae a conspicuous lobe to the right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA2743FF8C47B41F8C4" box="[810,879,1824,1846]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="29.[151,212,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-101@29.[151,1436,417,1419]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGS. 75–81: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 75) adjutrix, French Guiana [TLM 5759] 76) romacki, Panama [TLM 5989] 77) dormitrix, French Guiana [sclerotized area appears to be ventral in the 2D photo, but is actually dorsal which is highly unusual] [TLM 5597] 78) cryani, Panama [TLM 5987] 79) urbanae, Venezuela [TLM 6008] 80) svensoni, Ecuador [TLM 5975] 81) fakahatchee, Belize [TLM 5721]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 81) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332275/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552FFFA27236F8FB7DB2F8C7" authorityName="Troubridge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1315,1436,1823,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fakahatchee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552FFFA27236F8FB7DB2F8C7" bold="true" box="[1315,1436,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fakahatchee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA27782F8BE7DB2F858" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F8BE7DB2F87F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1882,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F8BE7DB2F87F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6 Left edge of the corpora bursae with a distinct strap-like sclerotized area that wraps around left side of corpora bursae (the following species are not reliably separated by female genitalia)................................................ 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA27782F8717DB2F858" blockId="10.[151,1436,1882,1963]" box="[151,1436,1941,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA27782F8717DB2F858" box="[151,1436,1941,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Left edge of the corpora bursae lacks a sclerotized area....................................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552FFFA37782F8347DB2FF38" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552FFFA37782F8347DB2FF5F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1999,2022]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,203]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552FFFA37782F8347DB2FF5F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
7 Corpora bursae with an uplifted bulge to the right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552FFFA275DDF8347B15F817" box="[712,827,1999,2022]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="33.[151,212,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1437,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGS. 82–93: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 82) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 83) ciboney, with partially collapsed bursae copulatrix, Costa Rica [TLM 5804] 84) ciboney, with fully expanded bursae copulatrix, Florida [TLM 5602] 85) tapichensis, Peru [TLM 5716] 86) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 87) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] NOTE: the absence of one socket in the illustration is not typical and may be an artifact of preparation. 88) nodosa, French Guiana [MSA 2351] 89) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 90) nodosa, French Guiana (this is the holotype of antica, USNM 50180) 91) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 92) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 93) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 92) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332277/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 84–85</figureCitation>
|
||
) (the ductus seminalis is attached so this bulge is technically an appendix bursae) ...................................................................................... 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FF517DB2FF38" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,203]" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FF517DB2FF38" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Appendix bursae evenly curved to the right, the ‘uplifted bulge’ effect not apparent ................................. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FF147DB2FED0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FF147DB3FEF7" blockId="11.[151,1437,239,291]" box="[151,1437,239,261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FF147DB3FEF7" box="[151,1437,239,261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
8 Strap-like sclerotized area lightly chitinized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552EFFA37586FF0B7AF5FEF7" box="[659,731,239,261]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="33.[151,212,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1437,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGS. 82–93: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 82) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 83) ciboney, with partially collapsed bursae copulatrix, Costa Rica [TLM 5804] 84) ciboney, with fully expanded bursae copulatrix, Florida [TLM 5602] 85) tapichensis, Peru [TLM 5716] 86) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 87) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] NOTE: the absence of one socket in the illustration is not typical and may be an artifact of preparation. 88) nodosa, French Guiana [MSA 2351] 89) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 90) nodosa, French Guiana (this is the holotype of antica, USNM 50180) 91) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 92) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 93) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 92) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332277/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E6DD1552EFFA375F9FF147B36FEF7" box="[748,792,240,261]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA3723BFF0B7DB3FEF7" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1437,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA3723BFF0B7DB3FEF7" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tapichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FEE97DB2FED0" blockId="11.[151,1437,239,291]" box="[151,1436,268,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FEE97DB2FED0" box="[151,1436,268,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Strap-like sclerotized area heavily chitinized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552EFFA3758EFEE97ACDFED1" box="[667,739,269,291]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="33.[151,212,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1437,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGS. 82–93: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 82) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 83) ciboney, with partially collapsed bursae copulatrix, Costa Rica [TLM 5804] 84) ciboney, with fully expanded bursae copulatrix, Florida [TLM 5602] 85) tapichensis, Peru [TLM 5716] 86) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 87) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] NOTE: the absence of one socket in the illustration is not typical and may be an artifact of preparation. 88) nodosa, French Guiana [MSA 2351] 89) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 90) nodosa, French Guiana (this is the holotype of antica, USNM 50180) 91) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 92) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 93) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 92) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332277/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
); Central America, northern Caribbean, and Florida..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37245FEE87DB2FED0" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1360,1436,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciboney">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37245FEE87DB2FED0" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ciboney</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FEAC7DB3FE88" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FEAC7DB3FEAF" blockId="11.[151,1437,327,379]" box="[151,1437,327,349]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FEAC7DB3FEAF" box="[151,1437,327,349]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
9 Corpora bursae shaped like a banana (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552EFFA37545FEA37AB8FEAF" box="[592,662,327,349]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="33.[151,212,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1437,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGS. 82–93: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 82) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 83) ciboney, with partially collapsed bursae copulatrix, Costa Rica [TLM 5804] 84) ciboney, with fully expanded bursae copulatrix, Florida [TLM 5602] 85) tapichensis, Peru [TLM 5716] 86) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 87) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] NOTE: the absence of one socket in the illustration is not typical and may be an artifact of preparation. 88) nodosa, French Guiana [MSA 2351] 89) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 90) nodosa, French Guiana (this is the holotype of antica, USNM 50180) 91) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 92) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 93) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 92) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332277/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37243FEA37DB3FEAF" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1366,1437,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37243FEA37DB3FEAF" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">orbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FE817DB3FE88" blockId="11.[151,1437,327,379]" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FE817DB3FE88" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Corpora bursae only slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137231C4552EFFA3755DFE817AA1FE89" box="[584,655,357,379]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="33.[151,212,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1437,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGS. 82–93: Athyrma bursae copulatrix in ventral view: Figs: 82) ganglio, Venezuela [TLM 6041] 83) ciboney, with partially collapsed bursae copulatrix, Costa Rica [TLM 5804] 84) ciboney, with fully expanded bursae copulatrix, Florida [TLM 5602] 85) tapichensis, Peru [TLM 5716] 86) orbana, Bolivia [TLM 6054] 87) itatiaia, Brazil [TLM 5967] NOTE: the absence of one socket in the illustration is not typical and may be an artifact of preparation. 88) nodosa, French Guiana [MSA 2351] 89) nodosa, British Guiana [TLM 5773] 90) nodosa, French Guiana (this is the holotype of antica, USNM 50180) 91) nodosa, French Guiana [TLM 5604] 92) tuberosa, French Guiana [TLM 5782] 93) brigittae, Belize [TLM 5767]. 2.0 mm scale line (in fig. 92) is the same for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332277/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37247FE807DB3FE88" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1362,1437,356,378]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37247FE807DB3FE88" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ganglio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FE447DB2FDFF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FE447DB2FE20" blockId="11.[151,1436,415,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FE447DB2FE20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10 Corpora bursae a broad irregularly shaped sac with ill-defined slightly sclerotized amorphous patches over most of the corpora bursae............................................................................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FE3F7DB2FDFF" blockId="11.[151,1436,415,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FE3F7DB2FDFF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Corpora bursae not a broad sac, and regular in shape, frequently with a pair of sclerotized areas that rarely cover most of the corpora bursae...................................................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FDD67DB2FD97" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FDD67DB3FDBA" blockId="11.[151,1437,562,613]" box="[151,1437,562,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FDD67DB3FDBA" box="[151,1437,562,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
11 Corpora bursae almost spherical; South America......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA3725BFDD67DB3FDBA" box="[1358,1437,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjutrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA3725BFDD67DB3FDBA" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">adjutrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FDB47DB2FD97" blockId="11.[151,1437,562,613]" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FDB47DB2FD97" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Corpora bursae heavily indented on lower left (left proximal in ventral view); Central America.................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA3725EFDAB7DB2FD97" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1355,1436,591,613]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA3725EFDAB7DB2FD97" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">romacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FD6E7DB2FD4F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FD6E7DB3FD52" blockId="11.[151,1437,650,701]" box="[151,1437,650,672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FD6E7DB3FD52" box="[151,1437,650,672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
12 A pair of sclerotized areas, side by side, on the ventral surface of the top half of the corpora bursae..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA3725FFD6E7DB3FD52" authorityName="Adams & McCabe" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1437,650,672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brigittae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA3725FFD6E7DB3FD52" bold="true" box="[1354,1437,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">brigittae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FD4C7DB2FD4F" blockId="11.[151,1437,650,701]" box="[151,1436,679,701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FD4C7DB2FD4F" box="[151,1436,679,701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Sclerotized area indistinct and irregular, may be up and down but never appearing as a side by side pair ................ 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FD067DB2FCE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FD067DB2FD05" blockId="11.[151,1436,738,789]" box="[151,1436,738,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FD067DB2FD05" box="[151,1436,738,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
13 Sclerotized area in the bottom section of corpora bursae.................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37242FD067DB2FD05" authorityName="McCabe & Adams" authorityYear="2022" box="[1367,1436,738,759]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37242FD067DB2FD05" bold="true" box="[1367,1436,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FCE47DB2FCE7" blockId="11.[151,1436,738,789]" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FCE47DB2FCE7" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Sclerotized area only in the top half of the corpora bursae.................................................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30BD35E4552EFFA37782FCDE7DB2FC9F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FCDE7DB3FCA2" blockId="11.[151,1437,826,877]" box="[151,1437,826,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FCDE7DB3FCA2" box="[151,1437,826,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
14 Ductus bursae tapering, narrow near ostium...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37243FCDE7DB3FCA2" box="[1366,1437,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37243FCDE7DB3FCA2" bold="true" box="[1366,1437,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF62D41552EFFA37782FCBC7DB2FC9F" blockId="11.[151,1437,826,877]" box="[151,1436,855,877]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B88E74552EFFA37782FCBC7DB2FC9F" box="[151,1436,855,877]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Ductus bursae broad near ostium..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4956C2552EFFA37252FCB37DB2FC9F" authorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1351,1436,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Athyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DF153552EFFA37252FCB37DB2FC9F" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |