356 lines
46 KiB
XML
356 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6ADA0CE1D45CE43CD3096BE6DBDFE50C">A preliminary account of the Arctic / Subarctic Suberites (Porifera: Demospongiae) fauna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3666DEC4226D4F9B3412ABB7D67982D">Strelkova, Natalya Anisimova</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE5A0EC9A0DA59EC2B0E7F5030816E6F">Zimina, Olga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E7A205D868C42ED1EB0C767F12AB5E1">Laboratory of Zoobenthos, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FFA10F502297D" bold="true" box="[151,615,1510,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FFA10F609297D" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,364,1510,1537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="lutkenii">
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<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FFA10F609297D" bold="true" box="[151,364,1510,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites lutkenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FA608FFCB1947B66BFA11F6D0297D" box="[371,437,1511,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B6A5FA11F502297D" author="Schmidt, O." box="[445,615,1511,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36294EAFFCB1946B78FF9DDF23D2F85" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B78FF9DDF547293F" author="Schmidt, O." box="[151,546,1579,1603]" page="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1870">
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<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FF9DDF547293F" authority=": Schmidt 1870, p. 47" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,546,1579,1603]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
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<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FF9DDF622293F" box="[151,327,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites lütkenii</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B64CF9DDF686293F" author="Schmidt, O." box="[340,483,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt 1870</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 47
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Pl. V, fig. 7;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B5B2F9DDF43A293F" author="von Marenzeller, E." box="[682,863,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="9 - 23" refId="ref11581" refString="von Marenzeller, E. (1886) Poriferen, Anthozoen, Ctenophoren und W ¸ rmer von Jan Mayen. Die Osterreichische Polarstation Jan Mayen Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, 9 - 23." type="journal article" year="1886">Marenzeller 1886</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 11–12;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B4C1F9DAF301293F" author="Topsent, E." box="[985,1124,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref12584" refString="Topsent, E. (1913) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco, 45, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1913">Topsent 1913</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pp. 25–26;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B3C7F9DDF795291E" author="Hentschel, E." page="872" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1929">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B3C7F9DDF21A293F" author="Hentschel, E." box="[1247,1407,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref10945" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des N ˆ rdlichen Eismeers. In: R ˆ mer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. & Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Fischer, G., Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 872
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B7E3F9BDF6D9291E" author="Burton, M." box="[251,444,1610,1634]" page="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1934">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B7E3F9BDF619291E" author="Burton, M." box="[251,380,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref10309" refString="Burton, M. (1934) Zoological Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expeditions to East-Greenland. III. Report on the Sponges of the Norwegian Expeditions to East-Greenland (1930, 1931 and 1932). Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, 61 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1934">Burton 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 14
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B6DDF9BCF5EE291E" author="Alander, H." box="[453,651,1610,1634]" page="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1942">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B6DDF9BCF537291E" author="Alander, H." box="[453,594,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref10006" refString="Alander, H. (1942) Sponges from the Swedish west-coast and adjacent waters. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Lund, Struves H., Goteborg, 113 pp." type="book" year="1942">Alander 1942</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p.79
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B58EF9BCF427291E" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[662,834,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref11413" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1953) Sponges of the Alaskan Arctic. Smithosnian Miscellaneous Collection, 121, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1953">Laubenfels 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pp. 12–13, fig.7.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCB1947B78FF99FF3C329C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1579,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB68E04FFFCB1947B78FF99FF3C329C2" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B78FF99FF53729FD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[151,594,1641,1665]" page="256" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1880">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FF99FF53729FD" ID-CoL="53D7K" authority=": Carter 1880, p. 256" authorityName=": Carter" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,594,1641,1665]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FF99FF61F29FD" box="[151,378,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B690F99FF56629FD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[392,515,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 256
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B545F99FF44329FD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[605,806,1641,1665]" page="353" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1882">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B545F99FF5BD29FD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[605,728,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref10486" refString="Carter, H. J. (1882) Some Sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory Remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 9 (52), 266 - 301 + 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459052" type="journal article" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 353
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B42AF99FF4DE29FD" author="Fristedt, K." box="[818,955,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10735" refString="Fristedt, K. (1885) Bidrag till Kannedomen om de vid Sveriges vestra Kust lefvande Spongiae. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 21, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1885">Fristedt 1885</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pp. 19–20, Pl. 2, figs. 4a–e;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B3F0F99FF21429FD" author="Fristedt, K." box="[1256,1393,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="401 - 471" refId="ref10765" refString="Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap. Iakttagelser, Nordenskiold, 4, 401 - 471, pls. 22 - 31." type="journal article" year="1887">Fristedt 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 428–429;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B628F971F6AE29E3" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[304,459,1671,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="317 - 427" refId="ref11439" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1893) Annulata, Hydroidae, Anthozoa, Porifera. Det videnskabelige udbytte af Kanonbaader " Hauchs " Togter i de Danske have idenfor Skagen i aarene 1883, 86, 317 - 427." type="journal article" year="1893">Levinsen 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 413–414, fig. 23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B5A7F971F42129E3" author="Lambe, L. M." box="[703,836,1671,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="113 - 138" refId="ref11349" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1894) Sponges from the Western Coast of North America. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 12 (4), 113 - 138." type="journal article" year="1894">Lambe 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 127–128, pl. III, fig. 6a–c; Lambe 1900, pp. 24–25;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B7DFF950F68E29C2" author="Swartschewsky, B." box="[199,491,1702,1726]" page="318" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1906">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B7DFF950F6C529C2" author="Swartschewsky, B." box="[199,416,1702,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="307 - 385" refId="ref12444" refString="Swartschewsky, B. (1906) Beitrage zur Spongien-Fauna des Weissen Meeres. Memoires de la Societe des Naturalistes de Kiew, 20 (2), 307 - 385. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1906">Swartschewsky 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 318
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–319, pl. XIII, fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B5DDF951F4F329C2" author="Morozov, G. & Sabirov, R. & Zimina, O." box="[709,918,1702,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="2961 - 2992" refId="ref11709" refString="Morozov, G., Sabirov, R. & Zimina, O. (2019) Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation. Journal of Natural History, 52 (47 - 48), 2961 - 2992. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1554166" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Morozov
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B430F951F43E29C2" box="[808,859,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 2973–2975, fig. 8a–h;
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCB1947B78FF933F4A929A1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1579,1787]" box="[151,972,1733,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FF933F65629A0" box="[151,307,1733,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FF933F79029A1" box="[151,245,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites</emphasis>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B624F933F6B529A1" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[316,464,1733,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref12851" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1882) Report on the sponges dredged up in the Arctic Sea by the " Willem Barents " in the years 1878 and 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv fur Zoologie Supplement, 1 (3), 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1882">Vosmaer 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 32–33; pl. I, figs 22–23; pl. IV, figs 140–144.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCB1947B78FF915F3C22987" blockId="2.[151,1437,1579,1787]" box="[151,1191,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB68E04FFFCB1947B78FF915F3C22987" box="[151,1191,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD9E170FFCB1947B78FF915F5152987" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[151,624,1763,1787]" page="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" year="1959">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FF915F5152987" ID-CoL="53D67" authority=": Koltun 1959, p. 95" authorityName=": Koltun" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,624,1763,1787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="domuncula" subSpecies="ficus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FF915F6C62987" box="[151,419,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites domuncula ficus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B6A8F915F5572987" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[432,562,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref11071" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1959) Siliceous sponges of the northern and far eastern seas of the U. S. S. R. Keys to fauna of the USSR. Vol. 67. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 236 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Koltun 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 95
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 66–67; pl. XXXIV, figs 1–3; pl. XXXVI, figs 1–2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCB1947B78FF8DFF422288B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1833,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B78FF8DFF5622838" authority="Schmidt 1870" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,519,1833,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B78FF8DFF63B283F" box="[151,350,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Suberites lutkenii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B670F8DFF5622838" author="Schmidt, O." box="[360,519,1833,1860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another example of a taxonomically problematic species. Schmidt described a fig-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCB1947B634F8B8F6FB281B" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[300,414,1869,1896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCB1947B634F8B8F6FB281B" box="[300,414,1869,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">S. lutkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North Sea and East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F87F1FFCB1947B5E2F8BBF417281B" box="[762,882,1869,1895]" name="Greenland" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B304F8BBF3AA2814" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1052,1231,1869,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the choanosomal skeleton of this sponge consisted of loose spicule tracts and single spicules (styles), running along the main body axis; centrotylote microrhabds (both microstrongyles and microxeas) found in the superficial layer. It’s worth mentioning an unusual variety of microsclere allocated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCB1947B42EF84FF48528A8" author="Schmidt, O." box="[822,992,1977,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt (1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, fig. 7b). Most likely this variety can be attributed to the developmental forms of microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7DFFF61F23D2F85" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Subsequently
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B67DFF61F6982FCD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[357,509,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allocated a new species obtained from the Barents Sea, which he named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B22CFF61F6442FA9" ID-CoL="53D7K" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B22CFF61F6442FA9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, providing a few lines about its general appearance. In the following paper
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B373FF4DF3992FA9" author="Carter, H. J." box="[1131,1276,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref10486" refString="Carter, H. J. (1882) Some Sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory Remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 9 (52), 266 - 301 + 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459052" type="journal article" year="1882">Carter (1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 353) asked himself whether his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B663FF29F5112F85" ID-CoL="53D7K" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[379,628,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B663FF29F5112F85" box="[379,628,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymous to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B45FFF29F4D22F85" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[839,951,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B45FFF29F4D22F85" box="[839,951,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. lutkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described earlier by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B3B9FF29F2362F85" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1185,1363,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36294EAFFCA1946B7DFFEF5F27B2B49" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7DFFEF5F3242E89" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B614FEF5F6A72E61" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[268,450,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref12851" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1882) Report on the sponges dredged up in the Arctic Sea by the " Willem Barents " in the years 1878 and 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv fur Zoologie Supplement, 1 (3), 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1882">Vosmaer (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a description of sponge dredged in the same area as Carter’s specimens— the Barents Sea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B645FED1F5682E3D" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[349,525,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref12851" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1882) Report on the sponges dredged up in the Arctic Sea by the " Willem Barents " in the years 1878 and 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv fur Zoologie Supplement, 1 (3), 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1882">Vosmaer (1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 32–33) doubted whether to assign his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B310FED1F3D12E3D" box="[1032,1204,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B310FED1F3152E3D" box="[1032,1136,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites</emphasis>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B3C6FED1F21D2E3D" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1246,1400,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B3C6FED1F3892E3D" box="[1246,1260,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B3E5FED1F21D2E3D" box="[1277,1400,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">virgultosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B78FFEBDF52B2E19" authority="Johnston 1842" authorityName=": Johnston" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,590,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B78FFEBDF6C02E19" box="[151,421,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Halichondria virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B6B3FEBDF52B2E19" author="Johnston, G." box="[427,590,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref11031" refString="Johnston, G. (1842) A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Lizars W. H., Edinburgh, 264 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51495" type="book" year="1842">Johnston 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B563FEBDF4D42E19" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[635,945,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B563FEBDF5EC2E19" box="[635,649,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B58EFEBDF4452E19" box="[662,800,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B43FFEBDF4D42E19" author="Carter, H. J." box="[807,945,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He pointed out at the resemblance between his sponge and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B650FE99F6852EF5" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[328,480,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B650FE99F6332EF5" box="[328,342,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B67DFE99F6852EF5" box="[357,480,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">virgultosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B511FE99F4432EF5" authorityName=": Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[521,806,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B511FE99F4432EF5" box="[521,806,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Hymeniacidon virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B42DFE99F49E2EF5" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[821,1019,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref10123" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. II. Ray society, London, 388 pp." type="book" year="1866">Bowerbank 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B31FFE99F3272EF5" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[1031,1090,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref10151" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. III. Ray society, London, 367 pp." type="book" year="1874">1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). However, the appearance of little spines on the microscleres of Vosmaer’s sponge brought him to another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B379FE65F2FD2ED1" authority="Carter 1880" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[1121,1432,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B379FE65F2622ED1" box="[1121,1287,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B208FE65F2FD2ED1" author="Carter, H. J." box="[1296,1432,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As opposed to the previous authors,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B537FE41F5862EAD" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[559,739,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref12851" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1882) Report on the sponges dredged up in the Arctic Sea by the " Willem Barents " in the years 1878 and 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv fur Zoologie Supplement, 1 (3), 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1882">Vosmaer (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was first to thoroughly analyze the spicule complement of his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B78FFE2DF6F12E89" box="[151,404,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B78FFE2DF79A2E89" box="[151,255,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites</emphasis>
|
||
spec. (1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He described and illustrated the following kinds of spicules:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7D6FE09F2582D65" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[206,1341,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1) principal spicules—subtylostyles straight, rather short-pointed, with barely visible basal swelling;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7D6FDD5F79B2D1D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">2) the former spicules make a transition to tylostyles and subtylostyles, with a fully pronounced basal swelling;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7D6FD9DF6E82DD5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">3) centrotylote microrhabds, both microxea and microstrongyles, which are especially to be found on the surface of the sponge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7DFFD45F4862C69" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B7DFFD45F60F2DB1" author="Fristedt, K." box="[199,362,690,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10735" refString="Fristedt, K. (1885) Bidrag till Kannedomen om de vid Sveriges vestra Kust lefvande Spongiae. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 21, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1885">Fristedt (1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B660FD45F6D12DB1" author="Fristedt, K." box="[376,436,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="401 - 471" refId="ref10765" refString="Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap. Iakttagelser, Nordenskiold, 4, 401 - 471, pls. 22 - 31." type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), referring to the aforementioned works of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B4BEFD45F35A2DB1" author="Carter, H. J." box="[934,1087,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B362FD45F2542DB1" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[1146,1329,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref12851" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1882) Report on the sponges dredged up in the Arctic Sea by the " Willem Barents " in the years 1878 and 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv fur Zoologie Supplement, 1 (3), 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1882">Vosmaer (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B78FFD21F6F72D8D" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,402,727,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B78FFD21F6F72D8D" box="[151,402,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from almost across the Arctic and adjacent parts of the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B78FFD0DF65B2C69" author="Fristedt, K." box="[151,318,762,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10735" refString="Fristedt, K. (1885) Bidrag till Kannedomen om de vid Sveriges vestra Kust lefvande Spongiae. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 21, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1885">Fristedt (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B6FAFD0DF5ED2C69" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[482,648,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B6FAFD0DF5ED2C69" box="[482,648,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B5D0FD0DF4BB2C69" authority="Schmidt 1870" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[712,990,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B5D0FD0DF45D2C69" box="[712,824,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. lutkenii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B427FD0DF4BB2C69" author="Schmidt, O." box="[831,990,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7DFFCE9F6AE2CFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B7DFFCE9F6FA2C45" author="von Marenzeller, E." box="[199,415,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="9 - 23" refId="ref11581" refString="von Marenzeller, E. (1886) Poriferen, Anthozoen, Ctenophoren und W ¸ rmer von Jan Mayen. Die Osterreichische Polarstation Jan Mayen Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, 9 - 23." type="journal article" year="1886">Marenzeller (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B50CFCE9F4FD2C45" authority="Carter 1880" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[532,920,799,825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B50CFCE9F4682C45" box="[532,781,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B40CFCE9F4FD2C45" author="Carter, H. J." box="[788,920,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="256 - 257" refId="ref10458" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Description of two new Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 256 - 257." type="journal article" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B3DAFCE9F7B72C21" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B3DAFCE9F2572C45" box="[1218,1330,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. lütkenii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B220FCE9F7B72C21" author="Schmidt, O." pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref12324" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundz ¸ ge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Many subsequent studies supported this point of view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B45CFCB5F4852C21" author="Topsent, E." box="[836,992,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref12584" refString="Topsent, E. (1913) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco, 45, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1913">Topsent 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B4F3FCB5F3F82C21" author="Hentschel, E." box="[1003,1181,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref10945" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des N ˆ rdlichen Eismeers. In: R ˆ mer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. & Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Fischer, G., Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B3B0FCB5F25D2C21" author="Burton, M." box="[1192,1336,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref10309" refString="Burton, M. (1934) Zoological Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expeditions to East-Greenland. III. Report on the Sponges of the Norwegian Expeditions to East-Greenland (1930, 1931 and 1932). Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, 61 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1934">Burton 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B25AFCB5F7B72CFD" author="Alander, H." pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refId="ref10006" refString="Alander, H. (1942) Sponges from the Swedish west-coast and adjacent waters. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Lund, Struves H., Goteborg, 113 pp." type="book" year="1942">Alander 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B7C6FC91F6DA2CFD" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[222,447,870,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref11413" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1953) Sponges of the Alaskan Arctic. Smithosnian Miscellaneous Collection, 121, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1953">de Laubenfels 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7C761FFCA1946B7DFFC7DF27B2B49" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
In light of more recent work, it is now apparent that in the Arctic/Subarctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B310FC7DF3AE2CD9" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[1032,1227,907,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B310FC7DF3AE2CD9" box="[1032,1227,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Suberites lütkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FA608FFCA1946B3C9FC7DF2692CD9" box="[1233,1292,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
constitutes a species complex. Two distinct morphotypes were recently differentiated into the two valid arctic species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9BA90FFCA1946B22EFC59F6462C91" author="Morozov, G. & Sabirov, R. & Zimina, O." pageId="3" pageNumber="53" pagination="2961 - 2992" refId="ref11709" refString="Morozov, G., Sabirov, R. & Zimina, O. (2019) Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation. Journal of Natural History, 52 (47 - 48), 2961 - 2992. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1554166" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Morozov
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B78FFC25F7AA2C91" box="[151,207,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B635FC25F6B72C91" authorityName=": Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[301,466,979,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B635FC25F6B72C91" box="[301,466,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. montalbidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B51FFC25F5F32C91" box="[519,662,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B51FFC25F5F72C91" box="[519,658,979,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cebriones">S. cebriones</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The former should be treated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B3FFFC25F2332C91" authorityName=": Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[1255,1366,979,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B3FFFC25F2332C91" box="[1255,1366,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S. lutkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since these two sponges are indistinguishable, at least as far as spicule complement, skeleton architecture and overall form and habitat are concerned. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78BCE2FFCA1946B583FBEDF4412B49" box="[667,804,1051,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cebriones">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B583FBEDF5CC2B49" box="[667,681,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C1B73FFCA1946B5AFFBEDF4412B49" box="[695,804,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">cebriones</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a valid eastern-Arctic species (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |