405 lines
56 KiB
XML
405 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="21A3DEF73A53730335C7D9C6531D8798" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="105e3c13-a88f-4aa7-a8b3-8a74ee8c244e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249423" ID-ZooBank="DC8922B5-F317-46EC-92E0-7AED66A0C714" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460632703143" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aguila, Rayner Núñez, Matos- Maraví, Pável F. & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2013" docId="03C287DEFFDC9312FF47F95D0386FB10" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03669p521.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3669 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calisto torrei Nunez, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="FFFBFFA6FFDD9311FFD0FF99022AFFFA" masterDocTitle="New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="521" masterPageNumber="503" pageNumber="504" updateTime="1698334641043" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DD0046DF750D4061BE5F63CD865D63F6">
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<mods:title id="9F2A324B65C67816D8812756C052C465">New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7EAD231CCB23D2B356393B6DB859FA23" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F039A2B7CFC1E0E1A0DF74D79D7367FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CD56F053F861F9ED6B7293A6A36F665B">Aguila, Rayner Núñez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45B4BBF45002A3ABC8CA100AC712F19F">Matos- Maraví, Pável F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7F42F616ADC934CF0D22C6F514EDADBB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6C02FAEC042279EE0C1F20BC61FF5259">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF7842D4D83D9E0C6A3897ED821AC74E">Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C83A20B3C34EF58E138F49D71B5EF760">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="94DFDBCDA68BEB7ADCD4A289E3509EC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="785B376A75E13F0ABEF4A2B7B2D98A7A">
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<mods:date id="1D88EE110DCCEF659B36103E605FF924">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="35DF8661453A4AF16BAB55E0D4D31D28" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E288BC3CDA307AAA3C221B55E5F3E063">3669</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D53062754C4F15AE1D5DCBB31E3F5115">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C4B010D0D9E68E1AD9EFDC9C508866E8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C287DEFFDC9312FF47F95D0386FB10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6161722" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119570020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6161722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287DEFFDC9312FF47F95D0386FB10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287DEFFDC9312FF47F95D0386FB10" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDC9310FF47F95D00BCF904" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDC9310FF47F95D03FCF927" blockId="1.[151,662,1731,1790]" box="[151,470,1731,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<heading id="D09C81A4FFDC9310FF47F95D03FCF927" bold="true" box="[151,470,1731,1758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDC9310FF47F95D03FCF927" bold="true" box="[151,470,1731,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDC9310FF47F95D03A7F927" authority="Nunez" authorityName="Nunez" box="[151,397,1731,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDC9310FF47F95D031CF924" bold="true" box="[151,310,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
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Núñez
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57A1FFDC9310FE44F95A03FCF927" box="[404,470,1731,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDC9310FF47F97F00BCF904" blockId="1.[151,662,1731,1790]" box="[151,662,1766,1790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDC9310FF47F97F0334F904" box="[151,286,1766,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,211,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[247,1337,194,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Types of Calisto from Cuba. Calisto torrei sp. n.: 1 — 3 holotype upper side, 2 — 3 holotype under side, from Sancti Spiritus, Banao, subida a La Sabina, 450 m, 10 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 01 (M 065), 3 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 4 — Ƥ paratype under side, from Cienfuegos, Pico San Juan, 1140 m, 12 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 03 (M 067). Calisto dissimulatum sp. n.: 5 — 3 holotype upper side, 6 — 3 holotype under side, from Holguín, La Zoilita Station, 400 m, 20 / II / 2010, DNA voucher PM 07 – 20 (M 037), 7 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 8 — Ƥ paratype under side, same data as holotype except 3 – 10 / IV / 2012, DNA voucher RN 02 – 01 (M 073)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249424/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDC9310FEFAF97F0358F904" box="[298,370,1766,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,194,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,194,1516]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Live adults of Cuban Calisto. Calisto torrei sp. n.: 17 — from Sancti Spiritus, Banao, subida a La Sabina, 450 m, 18 — from Sancti Spiritus, Topes de Collante, La Represa, 800 m. Calisto dissimulatum sp. n.: 19, 20 — from Holguín, alrededores de La Zoilita, 400 m. Calisto aquilum sp. n.: 21 — from Cienfuegos, road to Pico San Juan, 22 — from Cienfuegos, Pico San Juan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249426/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">17–18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDC9310FEAEF97F03DBF904" box="[382,497,1766,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[185,1400,189,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[181,1425,162,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Shape and location of androconial patch, and male and female genitalia of Cuban Calisto. Androconial patch: 23 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 24 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 25 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Male genitalia, from top to bottom main body in lateral view, aedeagus in lateral view, and aedeagus in dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 26 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 27 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 28 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Female genitalia, ventral view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 29 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 30 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 31 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. 32 — Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249427/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">23, 26, 29</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDC9310FE2CF97F006EF904" box="[508,580,1766,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,201,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[326,1259,194,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Geographical distribution of new species of Cuban Calisto. 33 — Map of Cuba showing areas where the new taxa were found. 34 — Middle rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto torrei sp. n. (black circles) and Calisto aquilum sp. n. (white stars) have been found in the Guamuhaya massif. 35 — Rigth rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto dissimulatum sp. n. has been found in the Sierra Maestra and Nipe – Sagua – Baracoa massifs. 36 — Left rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calistoaquilum occidentalis ssp. n. has been found in the middle portion of the Guaniguanico massif." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249428/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">33, 34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDC9310FD80F97F00BCF904" box="[592,662,1766,1790]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 37 – 40" captionStart-1="FIGURES 41 – 50" captionStartId-0="11.[151,269,1123,1147]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox-0="[207,1379,194,1101]" captionTargetBox-1="[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[207,1379,194,1102]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 37 – 40. Habitats of Calisto torrei sp. n. and Calisto aquilum sp. n. 37 — Vicinity of Pico San Juan, 1140 m, at Alturas de Trinidad, the top of the Guamahaya massif, central Cuba. 38 — Rainforest understory at Pico San Juan. 39 — Broad leaf evergreen forest near La Sabina, Alturas de Banao, Guamuhaya massif. 40 – Mogote's (limestome hills) vegetation complex at the slope of Pico Potrerillo (931 m), Alturas de Trinidad, Guamahaya massif." captionText-1="FIGURES 41 – 50. Immature stages of Calisto torrei sp. n. 41 — First instar. 42 — Second instar. 43 — Third instar. 44 — Fourth instar. Fifth instar: 45 — lateral view, 46 — dorsal view, 47 — head capsule. Pupa: 48 — ventral view, 49 — lateral view, 50 — dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/249429/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/249430/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">37–50</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDC9313FF47F8B6011FFE9E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDC9313FF47F8B6011FFE9E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1838,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDC9310FF47F8B603F4F8BD" bold="true" box="[151,478,1838,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">
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<typeStatus id="54D0886AFFDC9310FF47F8B602F8F8BD" box="[151,210,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">Type</typeStatus>
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material. Holotype—
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</emphasis>
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3,
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<collectingCountry id="F37C7658FFDC9310FDD6F8B7007CF8BC" box="[518,598,1838,1862]" name="Cuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">CUBA</collectingCountry>
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, Sancti Spiritus, Banao, ascent to (“subida a” in the original label) La Sabina,
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<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDC9310FF25F8CB0312F890" box="[245,312,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="450.0">450m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD51008FFDC9310FE98F8CB03E8F890" box="[328,450,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" value="2012-05-10">10/V/2012</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FE01F8CB007FF890" box="[465,597,1874,1898]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="21.880001">21°52'48"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FDB1F8CB00C0F890" box="[609,746,1874,1898]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="-79.592224">79°35'32"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–01 (M065). Deposited in CZACC.
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<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDC9310FED4F8EE03B2F875" bold="true" box="[260,408,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504">Paratypes—</emphasis>
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9 3, 7 Ƥ: same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D0886AFFDC9310FD76F8EF0122F874" box="[678,776,1910,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(1 3); northern slope of (“ladera norte de” in the original label) Pico Potrerillo,
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<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDC9310FE5DF8030022F848" box="[397,520,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="750.0">750–850m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD51008FFDC9310FDC3F80300A6F848" box="[531,652,1946,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" value="2012-05-11">11/V/2012</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FD47F8030131F848" box="[663,795,1946,1970]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="21.890833">21°53'27"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FCF2F8030186F848" box="[802,940,1946,1970]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="-80.01361">80°00'49"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–02 (M066) (3 3); Topes de Collante, Mi Retiro,
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<date id="FFD51008FFDC9310FDB2F8270093F82C" box="[610,697,1982,2006]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" value="2002-05">V/2002</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FD1BF8270164F82C" box="[715,846,1982,2006]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="21.894722">21°53'41"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDC9310FC8BF82701CCF82C" box="[859,998,1982,2006]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="504" precision="15" value="-80.01723">80°01'02"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM15–01 (M047), genitalia 3 & Ƥ in glycerine, prep. legs RNA209/210, wings RNA166/199/241 (2 3, 2 Ƥ);; Deposited in CZACC. Cienfuegos, Buenos Aires,
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<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FD96FF2500A2FF2E" box="[582,648,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FD47FF250131FF2E" box="[663,795,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="1967-06-16">16/VI/1967</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDF9313FCFAFF250184FF2E" box="[810,942,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" precision="15" value="21.986944">21°59'13"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDF9313FC69FF250668FF2E" box="[953,1090,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" precision="15" value="-80.18889">80°11'20"W</geoCoordinate>
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, prep. wings RNA272 (1 Ƥ); same data as preceding except
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<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FE2CFF460079FF0D" box="[508,595,223,247]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="2006-05">V/2006</date>
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, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM07–11 (M018), genitalia in glycerine, prep. wings RNA197 (1 Ƥ); Pico San Juan,
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<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FD88FE9D008DFEE6" box="[600,679,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1140.0">1140m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FD66FE9D0127FEE6" box="[694,781,260,284]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="2006-05">V/2006</date>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDF9313FCCAFE9D01B5FEE6" box="[794,927,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" precision="15" value="21.990278">21°59'25"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F500FFFDF9313FC78FE9D0618FEE6" box="[936,1074,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" precision="15" value="-80.14722">80°08'50"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Núñez (2 3); same data as preceding except
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<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FE8CFEBE03FCFEC5" box="[348,470,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="2012-05-12">12/V/2012</date>
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, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–03 (M067) (1 3, 2Ƥ); same data as preceding except ex ova, emerged
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<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FE85FED503C3FE9E" box="[341,489,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="2012-08-10">10/VIII/2012</date>
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(1 Ƥ). Deposited in CZACC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDF9313FF17FEE900DDFE56" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FEE900DDFE56" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF17FEE90364FE72" bold="true" box="[199,334,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name honors
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<collectingCountry id="F37C7658FFDF9313FDE9FEF600B7FE7D" box="[569,669,367,391]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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Luis de La Torre who devoted his life to the study of Cuban
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FF47FE0D0334FE56" box="[151,286,404,428]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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and described several native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FDB8FE0D0093FE56" box="[616,697,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FDB8FE0D0093FE56" box="[616,697,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDF9313FF17FE2E0366FCEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FE2E0366FCEE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF17FE2E036BFE2A" bold="true" box="[199,321,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FE9BFE2103CEFE2A" box="[331,484,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE9BFE2103CEFE2A" box="[331,484,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficially most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FC88FE21069DFE35" authority="Munroe 1950" authorityName="Munroe" authorityYear="1950" box="[856,1207,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FC88FE21063AFE2A" box="[856,1040,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Munroe 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FB15FE21033CFE0E" authority="Bates 1939" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FB15FE2107B1FE2A" box="[1221,1435,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
Bates 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FE81FE4500B9FE0E" authority="Nunez 2012" authorityName="Nunez" authorityYear="2012" box="[337,659,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE81FE4503D7FE0E" box="[337,509,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto occulta</emphasis>
|
||
Núñez 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the first, it differs by its larger average size: forewing length (FWL) 3 (Mean ±SD) = 21.3±1.0 mm, N=10 Ƥ FWL=23.2±1.0, N=6
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FC00FD980632FDE2" box="[976,1048,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">versus</emphasis>
|
||
3 FWL=19.3±
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FB1CFE660702FDED" box="[1228,1320,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N=15, Ƥ FWL=19.4±1.1 MM, N=15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FE30FDBD0053FDC6" box="[480,633,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE30FDBD0053FDC6" box="[480,633,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs by the presence of an apical rounded lobe on androconial patch and the lack of a small bar of iridescent blue scales at underside of anal lobe that is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FAC5FDD107BFFD9A" box="[1301,1429,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FAC5FDD107BFFD9A" box="[1301,1429,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FF0DFDF40354FD7E" box="[221,382,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF0DFDF40354FD7E" box="[221,382,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FE69FDF40005FD7E" box="[441,559,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE69FDF40005FD7E" box="[441,559,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FD90FDF400B3FD7E" box="[576,665,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FD90FDF400B3FD7E" box="[576,665,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C.torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having the anterior margin of androconial patch located behind the posterior margin of cell instead ahead, so its overall shape is slender
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FBFFFD0906E2FD52" box="[1071,1224,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FBFFFD0906E2FD52" box="[1071,1224,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also a smaller area of the cell, about 33–40%, covered by red scales whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FCBEFD2C0621FD36" box="[878,1035,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FCBEFD2C0621FD36" box="[878,1035,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FB90FD2C0699FD36" box="[1088,1203,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FB90FD2C0699FD36" box="[1088,1203,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this area is 50–66%. Internally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FEC1FD4103B8FD0A" box="[273,402,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FEC1FD4103B8FD0A" box="[273,402,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female genitalia of is proportionally smaller and its dorsal crown is very thin compared to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FF36FD64036CFCEE" box="[230,326,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF36FD64036CFCEE" box="[230,326,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">C. torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDF9313FF17FC860337FAC8" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FC860337FAC8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF17FC860373FCC2" bold="true" box="[199,345,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length 3 19.7–23.0 mm, Ƥ
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FCDAFC86019AFCCD" box="[778,944,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.275" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.12" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="22.75" valueMax="24.3" valueMin="21.2">21.2–24.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal surface of wings brown, uniform in both sexes; male androconial patch darker than background, almost black, anterior margin behind posterior margin of cell, overall shape as an obtuse slender triangle due to oblique outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FBE6FCFE06EFFC85" box="[1078,1221,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,211,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[247,1337,194,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Types of Calisto from Cuba. Calisto torrei sp. n.: 1 — 3 holotype upper side, 2 — 3 holotype under side, from Sancti Spiritus, Banao, subida a La Sabina, 450 m, 10 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 01 (M 065), 3 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 4 — Ƥ paratype under side, from Cienfuegos, Pico San Juan, 1140 m, 12 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 03 (M 067). Calisto dissimulatum sp. n.: 5 — 3 holotype upper side, 6 — 3 holotype under side, from Holguín, La Zoilita Station, 400 m, 20 / II / 2010, DNA voucher PM 07 – 20 (M 037), 7 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 8 — Ƥ paratype under side, same data as holotype except 3 – 10 / IV / 2012, DNA voucher RN 02 – 01 (M 073)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figures 1, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FB03FCFE06D9FC85" box="[1235,1267,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[185,1400,189,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[181,1425,162,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Shape and location of androconial patch, and male and female genitalia of Cuban Calisto. Androconial patch: 23 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 24 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 25 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Male genitalia, from top to bottom main body in lateral view, aedeagus in lateral view, and aedeagus in dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 26 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 27 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 28 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Female genitalia, ventral view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 29 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 30 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 31 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. 32 — Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249427/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral wing surface brown with darker lines, background slightly paler distal of post discal line; forewing ocellus with two bluish white iridescent pupils, post discal line externally edged with pale yellow scaling at ocellus area; cell colored red at the middle half to two thirds, both base and apex brown-colored as surrounding background; hindwing background mixed with pale yellow and ochre scales basal to post discal line which is externally edge by pale yellow scaling, heavier around ocellus; post discal area splashed with pale yellow and lilac scales and three white dots at vein interspaces M1–M2, M2–M3 and M3–Cu1, central dot of row distinctly larger than others; both subterminal lines slightly rust-colored near apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FD04FBFE0149FB85" box="[724,867,1127,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,211,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[247,1337,194,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Types of Calisto from Cuba. Calisto torrei sp. n.: 1 — 3 holotype upper side, 2 — 3 holotype under side, from Sancti Spiritus, Banao, subida a La Sabina, 450 m, 10 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 01 (M 065), 3 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 4 — Ƥ paratype under side, from Cienfuegos, Pico San Juan, 1140 m, 12 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 03 (M 067). Calisto dissimulatum sp. n.: 5 — 3 holotype upper side, 6 — 3 holotype under side, from Holguín, La Zoilita Station, 400 m, 20 / II / 2010, DNA voucher PM 07 – 20 (M 037), 7 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 8 — Ƥ paratype under side, same data as holotype except 3 – 10 / IV / 2012, DNA voucher RN 02 – 01 (M 073)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figures 2, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FCA2FBFE0194FB85" box="[882,958,1127,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,194,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,194,1516]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Live adults of Cuban Calisto. Calisto torrei sp. n.: 17 — from Sancti Spiritus, Banao, subida a La Sabina, 450 m, 18 — from Sancti Spiritus, Topes de Collante, La Represa, 800 m. Calisto dissimulatum sp. n.: 19, 20 — from Holguín, alrededores de La Zoilita, 400 m. Calisto aquilum sp. n.: 21 — from Cienfuegos, road to Pico San Juan, 22 — from Cienfuegos, Pico San Juan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249426/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">17, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male genitalia with tegumen about two thirds the length of uncus, flat and rounded at posterior half; uncus slightly arched and gradually tapering toward apex; digitiform projection of valvae stout, slightly curved to straight at both margins; aedeagus sinuate with an almost indistinct left curve at basal and a pronounced right curve at middle of apical half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FB6DFB4B0718FB10" box="[1213,1330,1234,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[185,1400,189,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[181,1425,162,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Shape and location of androconial patch, and male and female genitalia of Cuban Calisto. Androconial patch: 23 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 24 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 25 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Male genitalia, from top to bottom main body in lateral view, aedeagus in lateral view, and aedeagus in dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 26 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 27 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 28 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Female genitalia, ventral view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 29 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 30 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 31 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. 32 — Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249427/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figure 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female genitalia with dorsal crown tall, height about 0.4x width; corpus bursae about the same length of ductus bursae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FF4EFA83033AFAC8" box="[158,272,1306,1330]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[185,1400,189,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[181,1425,162,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Shape and location of androconial patch, and male and female genitalia of Cuban Calisto. Androconial patch: 23 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 24 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 25 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Male genitalia, from top to bottom main body in lateral view, aedeagus in lateral view, and aedeagus in dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 26 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 27 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 28 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Female genitalia, ventral view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 29 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 30 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 31 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. 32 — Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249427/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDF9313FF17FAA7070AFA80" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FAA7070AFA80" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF17FAA7034AFAAD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1342,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FEBAFAA6002EFAAD" box="[362,516,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FEBAFAA6002EFAAD" box="[362,516,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected in few localities on both sections of the Guamuhaya massif (Alturas de Banao and Alturas de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C7658FFDF9313FDC4FAFB0052FA80" box="[532,632,1378,1402]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the major mountain range of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C7658FFDF9313FBF3FAFB0674FA80" box="[1059,1118,1378,1402]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FBBDFAFB073EFA80" box="[1133,1300,1378,1402]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,201,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[326,1259,194,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Geographical distribution of new species of Cuban Calisto. 33 — Map of Cuba showing areas where the new taxa were found. 34 — Middle rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto torrei sp. n. (black circles) and Calisto aquilum sp. n. (white stars) have been found in the Guamuhaya massif. 35 — Rigth rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto dissimulatum sp. n. has been found in the Sierra Maestra and Nipe – Sagua – Baracoa massifs. 36 — Left rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calistoaquilum occidentalis ssp. n. has been found in the middle portion of the Guaniguanico massif." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249428/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figures 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDF9312FF17FA1F0066FD35" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FA1F01B4FA1D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FF17FA1F030DFA65" bold="true" box="[199,295,1414,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting sites are at low to moderate elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FC74FA1E0614FA65" box="[932,1086,1415,1439]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="795.0" valueMax="1140.0" valueMin="450.0">450–1140 m</quantity>
|
||
). Habitats include broad leaf evergreen forest, rainforest, and mogotes' (limestome hills) vegetation complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FBF5FA3306E7FA38" box="[1061,1229,1450,1474]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1123,1147]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,194,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[207,1379,194,1102]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 40. Habitats of Calisto torrei sp. n. and Calisto aquilum sp. n. 37 — Vicinity of Pico San Juan, 1140 m, at Alturas de Trinidad, the top of the Guamahaya massif, central Cuba. 38 — Rainforest understory at Pico San Juan. 39 — Broad leaf evergreen forest near La Sabina, Alturas de Banao, Guamuhaya massif. 40 – Mogote's (limestome hills) vegetation complex at the slope of Pico Potrerillo (931 m), Alturas de Trinidad, Guamahaya massif." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249429/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figures 37–40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individuals have been observed taking nectar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDF9313FE2AFA5601B1FA1D" box="[506,923,1487,1511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE2AFA560122FA1D" box="[506,776,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Palicourea domingensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Rubiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF17FA6C037CF9AF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FFD51008FFDF9313FF20FA6F03A4F9F7" box="[240,398,1522,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" value="2012-05-13">May 13th 2012</date>
|
||
a captive female laid two pale yellow eggs glued to the walls of a plastic container. After 24 hours, egg color turned beige with tiny orange brown spots. A single larva hatched 7 days after oviposition and ate the entire corion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9313FF1FF9F801EEF93B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
First instar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FE87F9F803EDF983" box="[343,455,1633,1657]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 50" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 50. Immature stages of Calisto torrei sp. n. 41 — First instar. 42 — Second instar. 43 — Third instar. 44 — Fourth instar. Fifth instar: 45 — lateral view, 46 — dorsal view, 47 — head capsule. Pupa: 48 — ventral view, 49 — lateral view, 50 — dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figure 41</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDF9313FE1FF9FB03C1F980" bold="true" box="[463,491,1634,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">—</emphasis>
|
||
Head width
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FDA6F9F800F7F983" box="[630,733,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FCE7F9F801B5F983" box="[823,927,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Initial length
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FB93F9F80683F983" box="[1091,1193,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, final length
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FAEFF9F807B2F983" box="[1343,1432,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head dark brown, almost black; body pale beige with 7 thin reddish brown longitudinal lines. After feeding on grass, the background turned pale green. First molt occurred after 7days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDF9312FF17F954062FFEE6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Second to fifth instars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDF9313FE03F9540053F91F" box="[467,633,1741,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 50" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 50. Immature stages of Calisto torrei sp. n. 41 — First instar. 42 — Second instar. 43 — Third instar. 44 — Fourth instar. Fifth instar: 45 — lateral view, 46 — dorsal view, 47 — head capsule. Pupa: 48 — ventral view, 49 — lateral view, 50 — dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="505">Figures 42–47</figureCitation>
|
||
) After first molt, the coloration of larva changed to a new pattern that persisted through subsequent instars with the only variation being a gradual darkening toward final instar. Head width, height, final length and duration of second to fifth instars were: 0.93, 0.98,
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FB95F88106B5F8CA" box="[1093,1183,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and 7 days at the 2nd, l.30, 1.33,
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FEC0F8A60348F8AD" box="[272,354,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and 9 days at the 3rd, 1.85, 1.95,
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FD0FF8A6011BF8AD" box="[735,817,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and 11 days at the 4th, and 2.58, 2.82,
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDF9313FB22F8A60769F8AD" box="[1266,1347,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and 15 days at the 5th, respectively. Head background pale grayish brown with the following dark brown, almost black, marks: lateral vertical lines from stemmata to horns continue to meet at middle of top of head; X shaped mark with upper arms short, almost indistinct on the epicranium; a transverse band across the frontoclypeus interrupted at the middle of frons. Body background stramineous with an increasing ochre tint toward final instar; dorsal line pale brown with dots on sides at the middle of each segment; other lines only slightly darker than background and gradually fading toward last abdominal segment; subdorsal lines in zig zag with angles closest to dorsal line at the beginning and end of each segment; suprastigmatal line the thickest one, straight, darkened forming dots over spiracles; stigmatal and infrastigmatal lines thinner, convex between spiracles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FEBE01ECFE9E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">After it stopped feeding, the mature larva remained straight for 2 days, emptied its digestive tract, wove a thin silk thread and hung head down, in J position, and pupated one day later.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FEE9032AFDA5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A4DFFDE9312FEDFFEF6039FFE7D" box="[271,437,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 50" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1379,519,1915]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 50. Immature stages of Calisto torrei sp. n. 41 — First instar. 42 — Second instar. 43 — Third instar. 44 — Fourth instar. Fifth instar: 45 — lateral view, 46 — dorsal view, 47 — head capsule. Pupa: 48 — ventral view, 49 — lateral view, 50 — dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Figures 48–50</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FE6DFEE903F3FE72" bold="true" box="[445,473,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">—</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDE9312FDE1FEF600AEFE7D" box="[561,644,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDE9312FC85FEF6019AFE7D" box="[853,944,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Background pale brownish gray, darker at sides of abdomen; a pair of ventral black dots on eyes and another pair at apex of metathoracic tibiae; diffuse orange coloration at the base of labial palpi and at sides of antennae tips; a row of tiny dark brown dots on veins near wing outer margin; wing sheaths with a darker diffuse spot at the middle and another darker near costa at apical third; abdomen with a dark brown line on sides, abdomen with dorsal transverse ridges reduced to a pairs of small crests on segments 1 to 6; last abdominal segment long, stout, cremaster area enlarged, broad and slightly flattened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FDF602FBFD50" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">
|
||
The adult emerged in the afternoon, 3 to 4:00 pm, of
|
||
<date id="FFD51008FFDE9312FCF4FDF6018FFD80" box="[804,933,620,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">August 10th</date>
|
||
after 11 days. Total developing time was 93 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FD2E0066FD35" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" box="[199,588,695,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">The natural host plant is unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716543FFDE9312FF17FD420386FB10" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FD4200D0FC78" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FF17FD42031EFD09" bold="true" box="[199,308,731,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FE92FD4203F3FD09" box="[322,473,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FE92FD4203F3FD09" box="[322,473,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Calisto torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents one of the “orphan” lineages found in the molecular results of Núñez
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FAB4FD4507B6FD09" box="[1380,1436,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012), where it was represented by the specimen coded as PM07-11. Following this lead, the new taxon was discovered after reviewing the available collections, the field collection of more individuals including immature stages, and the sequencing of more specimens. It was confused with sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FB9FFCDE0759FCA5" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[1103,1395,839,863]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FB9FFCDE0703FCA5" box="[1103,1321,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Calisto muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Fontenla & Rodríguez (1990) and Núñez
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FDB9FCF50088FC79" box="[617,674,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FC16015FFBCD" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">
|
||
DNA analysis showed genetic distances of 5.0 and 8.5% from sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FC2AFC0906BCFC5D" box="[1018,1174,912,935]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FC2AFC0906BCFC5D" box="[1018,1174,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FB1DFC090760FC5D" box="[1229,1354,911,935]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FB1DFC090760FC5D" box="[1229,1354,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. aquilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a new species described below), respectively. Close relatives,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FCD2FC2A0155FC31" box="[770,895,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FCD2FC2A0155FC31" box="[770,895,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FC65FC2A0602FC31" box="[949,1064,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FC65FC2A0602FC31" box="[949,1064,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are separated by 4.8% and 5.0% and have their populations more than 300 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B2DFFDE9312FD71FC4E00DCFC15" box="[673,758,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" unit="km" value="450.0">450 km</quantity>
|
||
away, respectively. Intraspecific variation was 0.15% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FA52FC4102FCFBE9" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FA52FC4102FCFBE9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD41FFDE9312FF34FC63035BFBE8" box="[228,369,1018,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 localities), 0% for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FD46FC620139FBE9" box="[662,787,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FD46FC620139FBE9" box="[662,787,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD41FFDE9312FCF3FC630185FBE8" box="[803,943,1018,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 locality) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FBB0FC6206D6FBE9" box="[1120,1276,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FBB0FC6206D6FBE9" box="[1120,1276,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD41FFDE9312FADCFC6307BDFBE8" box="[1292,1431,1018,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 localities), and 0.82% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FE1EFBB9006BFBCD" box="[462,577,1055,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FE1EFBB9006BFBCD" box="[462,577,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD41FFDE9312FD82FB8600F4FBCD" box="[594,734,1055,1079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 localities).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436C8FFDE9312FF17FBDA0386FB10" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Immature stages also showed diagnostic features for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FCC3FBDA015BFBA1" box="[787,881,1091,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FCC3FBDA015BFBA1" box="[787,881,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Element patterns of larval head and body exhibit a unique configuration when compared with larvae of other Cuban
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FC62FBFE0629FB85" box="[946,1027,1127,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FC62FBFE0629FB85" box="[946,1027,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Calisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FB3CFBFE036EFB58" authority="Michener 1949" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FB3CFBFE07B6FB85" box="[1260,1436,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">Calisto bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
Michener 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FE9FFB1203C6FB59" box="[335,492,1163,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FE9FFB1203C6FB59" box="[335,492,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. muripetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FDF3FB12008AFB59" box="[547,672,1163,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FDF3FB12008AFB59" box="[547,672,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that will be described in a future article. Similarly the pupa shows a characteristic grayish ochre background different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D4BFFDE9312FC86FB2901E0FB3D" box="[854,970,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEADAFFDE9312FC86FB2901E0FB3D" box="[854,970,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="506">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is yellower, although it exhibits a comparable spot pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |