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<document id="D249C2B959F37F9E788520111526C15B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5382.1.17" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10280497" ID-ZooBank="5137CFC9-7604-44DD-8D7E-80E44EB6676C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701941766885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yasunaga, Tomohide, Wolski, Andrzej &amp; Taszakowski, Artur" docDate="2023" docId="03AD990DA346FFDC56B2F8F3FA73FCBA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5382.1.17.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5382 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5382.1.17/52433" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Punctifulvius Schmitz 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="FF94E175A347FFD85625FFFDFFE9F966" masterDocTitle="First record of the plant bug genus Punctifulvius Schmitz from the Oriental Region, with descriptions of three new species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae)" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="152" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1701964261004" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="91B087AC4E6902E159F62998C492E6B1">First record of the plant bug genus Punctifulvius Schmitz from the Oriental Region, with descriptions of three new species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="246DEBE88298CCFAC16DC833537B8538">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B46DF0EDCA6734DB31F0ABDAF5BD084">Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park at 79 th Street, New York, NY 10024, c / o Nameshi 2 - 33 - 2, Nagasaki 852 - 8061, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3A8806AC8AB7E5D16DE9ED017EE13708">Wolski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52570DE62070CBBCEA4D6B772F9ED502">University of Opole, Institute of Biology, Oleska 22, 45 - 052 Opole, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD52E3CAFCB430DE7982040A4913509">Taszakowski, Artur</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3B4D352F5B9A2E21AD0844F4A5DE19D4">University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40 - 007 Katowice, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="1D2EC7BC1AFD9A642FD429549B0BE6A3">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C31E7B90A346FFD956B2F8F3FDB8FE4E" box="[151,593,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA346FFD956B2F8F3FDB8FE4E" blockId="1.[151,593,1806,1833]" box="[151,593,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153">
<heading id="D0F39F77A346FFD956B2F8F3FDB8FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,593,1806,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B970F409A346FFD956B2F8F3FDB8FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,593,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153">
Genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A346FFD956DDF8F3FDB8FE4E" ID-CoL="75G8" ID-ENA="566778" authority="Schmitz, 1978" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[248,593,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A346FFD956DDF8F3FE72FE4F" bold="true" box="[248,411,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="153">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA346FFD95787F8F3FDB8FE4E" author="Schmitz, G." box="[418,593,1806,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" pagination="183 - 195" refId="ref8865" refString="Schmitz, G. (1978) Description de deux nouveaux genres asiatiques de Fulviini Uhler 1886 (Heteroptera Miridae). Bulletin et annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 114, 183 - 195." type="journal article" year="1978">Schmitz, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E7B90A346FFD956B2F8ABFBEFFE17" box="[151,1030,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA346FFD956B2F8ABFBEFFE17" blockId="1.[151,1030,1878,1905]" box="[151,1030,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B970F409A346FFD956B2F8ABFEFDFE16" bold="true" box="[151,276,1878,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
See the recently revised diagnosis by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA346FFD954E5F8AAFBE8FE17" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[704,1025,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="153" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7B7893A345FFDA56B2F8E2FD6DFE3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10280501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" startId="2.[151,250,1823,1847]" targetBox="[177,1417,191,1763]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA345FFDA56B2F8E2FD6DFE3A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1823,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA56B2F8E2FEFAFE51" bold="true" box="[151,275,1823,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitus images of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A345FFDA57F2F8DDFD2AFE5E" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[471,707,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerzhneri">
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA57F2F8DDFD2AFE5E" box="[471,707,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">Punctifulvius kerzhneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Hokkaido, Japan (A),
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A345FFDA523BF8DDFB44FE5E" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski, 2023" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[1054,1197,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aleksanderi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA523BF8DDFB44FE5E" box="[1054,1197,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">P. aleksanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA5296F8DDFB05FE5E" bold="true" box="[1203,1260,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2434972A345FFDA5296F8DDFB05FE5E" box="[1203,1260,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype female (B) and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A345FFDA56CFF8B9FEB3FE3A" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski, 2023" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[234,346,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA56CFF8B9FEB3FE3A" box="[234,346,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">P. sakaerat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B970F409A345FFDA5744F8B9FE73FE3A" bold="true" box="[353,410,1860,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2434972A345FFDA5744F8B9FE73FE3A" box="[353,410,1860,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (C, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7B7893A344FFDB56B2F9BBFE37FFAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10280503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280503/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" startId="3.[151,250,1606,1630]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1582]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA344FFDB56B2F9BBFE37FFAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1606,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB56B2F9BBFEFDFF38" bold="true" box="[151,276,1606,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Habitat (A) and live individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB54ACF9BBFC84FF38" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski, 2023" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[649,877,1606,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB54ACF9BBFC84FF38" box="[649,877,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Punctifulvius sakaerat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB5550F9BBFC59FF38" bold="true" box="[885,944,1606,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2434972A344FFDB5550F9BBFC59FF38" box="[885,944,1606,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (A–H) and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB56B2F996FEF8FFE4" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,273,1642,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerzhneri">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB56B2F996FEF8FFE4" box="[151,273,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">P. kerzhneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Wakayama (Kumano Area), Japan (I–K). A. Fungal log under tropical dry forest just after the rainy season (October, 2008). B. Adult male. C, I. Adult female. D, J. Final (5th) instar immature form, male. E, K. Same, female. F–H. Final eclosion (emergence) of female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31E7B90A344FFDC56E2F8E1FA73FCBA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA344FFDB56E2F8E1FCEFFEA0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1820,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB56E2F8E1FEA5FE50" bold="true" box="[199,332,1820,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Discussion.</emphasis>
Until now,
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB57F2F8E1FD82FE50" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[471,619,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB57F2F8E1FD82FE50" box="[471,619,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been known from its disjunct distribution, with
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB52EFF8E0FABBFE50" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[1226,1362,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerzhneri">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB52EFF8E0FABBFE50" box="[1226,1362,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">P. kerzhneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in the temperate and cold temperate zones in the eastern Palearctic Region and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB5261F8BCFB33FE3C" authorityName="Namyatova &amp; Cassis" authorityYear="2019" box="[1092,1242,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonius">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB5261F8BCFB33FE3C" box="[1092,1242,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">P. aquilonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB533CF8BCFA74FE3C" authorityName="Namyatova &amp; Cassis" authorityYear="2019" box="[1305,1437,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austellus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB533CF8BCFA74FE3C" box="[1305,1437,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">P. austellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the wet tropics and temperate rainforest of
<collectingCountry id="F313688BA344FFDB5529F899FC9AFE18" box="[780,883,1892,1918]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA344FFDB55A4F899FBDBFE18" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[897,1074,1892,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA344FFDB5218F899FB1BFE18" author="Kim, J. &amp; Lim, J. &amp; Jung, S." box="[1085,1266,1892,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref8429" refString="Kim, J., Lim, J. &amp; Jung, S. (2019) A taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 12, 249 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2019.01.006" type="journal article" year="2019">
Kim
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB5252F898FB41FE18" box="[1143,1192,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA344FFDB52DBF898FECAFEC4" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." pageId="3" pageNumber="155" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Our study significantly increases the distributional range for this taxon, which is now found from the Palearctic, across Southeast Asia, to
<collectingCountry id="F313688BA344FFDB540AF851FD7FFEA0" box="[559,662,1964,1990]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="133F349EA344FFDB5480F851FD10FEA0" box="[677,761,1964,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-125@15.[151,1436,453,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution map of Punctifulvius spp. and Teratofulvioides punctatus. White circles—P. kerzhneri, pink star—P. sakaerat n. sp., yellow square—P. aleksanderi n. sp., orange hexagon—P. parvus n. sp., light blue circles—P. aquilonius, purple circles—P. austellus, red triangles—T. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280539/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA344FFDC56E2F82DFAD3FD10" blockId="3.[151,1437,1820,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1500]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">
Based on similar external appearance, the closest sister genus of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDB55B4F82DFBCCFE8C" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[913,1061,2000,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB55B4F82DFBCCFE8C" box="[913,1061,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assumed to be
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A344FFDC52DAF82DFEA2F9D7" authority="Yasunaga, 2000" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Yamatofulvius" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="156" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A344FFDB52DAF82DFA74FE8C" box="[1279,1437,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="155">Yamatofulvius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC56B2FF6AFEA2F9D7" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[151,331,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
currently known by four Japanese species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5560FF6AFC10F9D7" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[837,1017,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC52A1FF6AFACBF9D7" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2000" box="[1156,1314,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Yamatofulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC52A1FF6AFACBF9D7" box="[1156,1314,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Yamatofulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
congeners have several unique synapomorphies, such as a frontal head with a few spines on the labrum (= epipharynx) (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC536DFF46FA7DF9B3" box="[1352,1428,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
) and more or less sinuate male antennomere II (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC54BAFF22FD1FF99F" box="[671,758,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5529FF22FC54F99F" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[780,957,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
); these structures were reported to function during courtship. The adult males were observed to ride final instar females (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC55D2FEFEFB83F87B" box="[1015,1130,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 7G–I</figureCitation>
). The riding males hold the partners tightly, using the labral spines (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5441FEDBFD5AF827" box="[612,691,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
) and second antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC55DEFEDBFBBEF827" box="[1019,1111,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
), until the females complete final eclosion to the adults (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC57FDFEB7FCC1F802" author="Yasunaga, T. &amp; Miyamoto, S." box="[472,808,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="21 - 735" refId="ref9362" refString="Yasunaga, T. &amp; Miyamoto, S. (2006) Second report on the Japanese cylapine plant bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with description of five new species. Hug the bug - For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 21 - 735." type="journal article" year="2006">Yasunaga &amp; Miyamoto 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5519FEB7FC36F802" author="Wolski, A." box="[828,991,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski (2010)</bibRefCitation>
observed similar spines on the labrum and sinuate antennomere II in some genera of the
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC54F5FE93FC81F8EE" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[720,872,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC54F5FE93FC81F8EE" box="[720,872,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group as defined by Gorczyca (2000), containing
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC56B2FE6FFE2FF8CA" authority="Bergroth, 1910" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,454,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Proamblia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC56B2FE6FFEE7F8CA" box="[151,270,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Proamblia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC573DFE6FFE2FF8CA" author="Bergroth, E." box="[280,454,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="235 - 238" refId="ref8008" refString="Bergroth, E. (1910) Uber die Gattung Bothriomiris Kirk. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 29, 235 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 23356" type="journal article" year="1910">Bergroth, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC57F1FE6FFCD0F8CA" authority="Poppius, 1915" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1915" box="[468,825,401,428]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapidius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC57F1FE6FFD63F8CA" box="[468,650,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapidius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC54B6FE6FFCD0F8CA" author="Poppius, B." box="[659,825,401,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref8777" refString="Poppius, B. (1915) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Termatophylidae, Miridae, Isometopidae und Ceratocombidae (Hemiptera). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (8), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1915">Poppius, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC555CFE6FFB57F8CA" authority="Poppius, 1909" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[889,1214,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC555CFE6FFBF8F8CA" box="[889,1041,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC523EFE6FFB57F8CA" author="Poppius, B." box="[1051,1214,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref8700" refString="Poppius, B. (1909) Zur Kenntnis der Miriden-Unterfamilie Cylapina Reut. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 37 (4), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9441" type="journal article" year="1909">Poppius, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC52EAFE6FFA8CF8CA" author="Wolski, A." box="[1231,1381,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski 2010</bibRefCitation>
: figs 3B, D, E, 4A–F). This author also included
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC54B3FE48FC03F8A9" authority="Poppius, 1914" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1914" box="[662,1002,437,463]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Mycetocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC54B3FE48FCD7F8A9" box="[662,830,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Mycetocylapus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC556DFE48FC03F8A9" author="Poppius, B." box="[840,1002,437,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="124 - 130" refId="ref8742" refString="Poppius, B. (1914) Neue orientalische Cylapinen. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 33, 124 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17786" type="journal article" year="1914">
Poppius,
<quantity id="4CFC85FEA343FFDC5597FE48FC03F8A9" box="[946,1002,437,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.86156" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" unit="in" value="1914.0">1914</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the complex. Subsequently, spines on the labrum and sinuate antennomere II were also found in the newly described genus
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC52AEFE24FE81FB71" authority="Wolski &amp; Gorczyca, 2011" authorityName="Wolski &amp; Gorczyca" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC52AEFE24FAAFF895" box="[1163,1350,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC536BFE24FE81FB71" author="Wolski, A. &amp; Gorczyca, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="19 - 24" refId="ref9191" refString="Wolski, A. &amp; Gorczyca, J. (2011) Rhinocylapoides brachypterus, a new cylapine genus and species from Malaysia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa, 3040 (1), 19 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3040.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">Wolski &amp; Gorczyca, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC575DFE00FD77FB71" author="Wolski, A. &amp; Gorczyca, J." box="[376,670,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="19 - 24" refId="ref9191" refString="Wolski, A. &amp; Gorczyca, J. (2011) Rhinocylapoides brachypterus, a new cylapine genus and species from Malaysia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa, 3040 (1), 19 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3040.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">Wolski &amp; Gorczyca 2011</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1, 2, 4) and it was added to the
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC526EFE00FB0AFB71" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[1099,1251,509,535]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC526EFE00FB0AFB71" box="[1099,1251,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex by the authors.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC56D3FDDDFE7CFB5D" author="Wolski, A." box="[246,405,544,571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski (2010)</bibRefCitation>
presented a set of morphological features unequivocally defining the
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC52B2FDDDFAC6FB5C" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[1175,1327,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC52B2FDDDFAC6FB5C" box="[1175,1327,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, the most important of which is the shape of the parameres, unique among cylapines, with left paramere distinctly rounded, apical process flattened, with short, rounded process at extreme apex (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5237FD95FB4FFBE4" author="Wolski, A." box="[1042,1190,616,642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski 2010</bibRefCitation>
: figs 6C, D, 8C, D, E, 10B, C, 11B, C, 12B, C, 13B, C, 14B, C, 15C, D) and right paramere distinctly smaller than left paramere, flattened, margins of paramere body more or less parallel (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5492FD52FCA3FBAC" author="Wolski, A." box="[695,842,687,714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski 2010</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5570FD52FC47FBAF" box="[853,942,687,713]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,215,957]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Punctifulvius parvus n. sp., male genitalia. A. Aedeagus, dorsal view. B. Same without theca, lateral view. C. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. D. Same, apical process, dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Right paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC559CFD4DFC37FBAC" box="[953,990,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-85@11.[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male (A–E) and female (F–G) genitalia of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−B) and P. kerzhneri (C–G). A. Genital segment with parameres, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Left paramere.D. Right paramere.E. Vesica. F. Genital chamber, ventral view. G. Ovipositor (gonapophysis) I. Scale bars 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280523/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">8H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC55CFFD4DFBF5FBAC" box="[1002,1052,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,921,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-300@13.[151,1436,921,1564]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs for Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp., holotype (A−B) and P. kerzhneri (C–F) from Aomori Pref., Japan. A, Metatarsus. B–C, Claw of metaleg. D–E. Posterior wall of bursae. F. Apex of first ovipositor (gonapophysis I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280531/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">10D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC520DFD4DFBB0FBAC" box="[1064,1113,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1412,1436]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-19@14.[151,1436,181,1388]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photographs (A, B) and scanning electron micrographs (C–E) of Teratofulvioides punctatus. A, C. Body, lateral view. B. Same, dorsal view. D. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. E. Head, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280533/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">11D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5240FD4DFB71FBAC" box="[1125,1176,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-125@15.[151,1436,453,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution map of Punctifulvius spp. and Teratofulvioides punctatus. White circles—P. kerzhneri, pink star—P. sakaerat n. sp., yellow square—P. aleksanderi n. sp., orange hexagon—P. parvus n. sp., light blue circles—P. aquilonius, purple circles—P. austellus, red triangles—T. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280539/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">12D</figureCitation>
, 13D, 14D, 15E). Such shape of the parameres is also found in
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5445FD2EFD1DFB8B" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[608,756,723,749]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5445FD2EFD1DFB8B" box="[608,756,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5508FD2EFC22FB8B" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2000" box="[813,971,723,749]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Yamatofulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5508FD2EFC22FB8B" box="[813,971,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Yamatofulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC55F9FD2EFBBCFB8B" box="[988,1109,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,215,957]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Punctifulvius parvus n. sp., male genitalia. A. Aedeagus, dorsal view. B. Same without theca, lateral view. C. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. D. Same, apical process, dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Right paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 6C–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5247FD2EFB40FB8B" box="[1122,1193,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-85@11.[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male (A–E) and female (F–G) genitalia of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−B) and P. kerzhneri (C–G). A. Genital segment with parameres, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Left paramere.D. Right paramere.E. Vesica. F. Genital chamber, ventral view. G. Ovipositor (gonapophysis) I. Scale bars 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280523/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">8A–D</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5290FD29FA8FFB8B" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[1205,1382,723,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs 50, 51, 66, 67, 70, 74;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC57BCFD0AFD0AFA77" author="Yasunaga, T. &amp; Miyamoto, S." box="[409,739,759,785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="21 - 735" refId="ref9362" refString="Yasunaga, T. &amp; Miyamoto, S. (2006) Second report on the Japanese cylapine plant bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with description of five new species. Hug the bug - For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 21 - 735." type="journal article" year="2006">Yasunaga &amp; Miyamoto 2006</bibRefCitation>
: figs 6K, N) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5582FD0AFBA0FA77" author="Wolski, A." box="[935,1097,759,785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref9145" refString="Wolski, A. (2010) Revision of the Rhinocylapus - group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa, 2653 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2653.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Wolski (2010)</bibRefCitation>
suggested their affinity to the genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5723FCE6FE77FA53" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[262,414,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5723FCE6FE77FA53" box="[262,414,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC54A7FCE6FC56FA53" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[642,959,795,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis (2019)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC55D6FCE6FB5AFA53" author="Tyts, V. D. &amp; Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Konstantinov, F. V." box="[1011,1203,795,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="751 - 779" refId="ref9038" refString="Tyts, V. D., Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Konstantinov, F. V. (2022) Phylogeny of the Rhinocylapus complex (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Fulviini). Invertebrate Systematics, 36 (8), 751 - 779. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 21061" type="journal article" year="2022">
Tyts
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC520FFCE6FBB2FA53" box="[1066,1115,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. (2022)
</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC532DFCE6FA75FA53" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[1288,1436,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC532DFCE6FA75FA53" box="[1288,1436,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC56EFFCC3FE81FA3E" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2000" box="[202,360,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Yamatofulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC56EFFCC3FE81FA3E" box="[202,360,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Yamatofulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC579AFCC3FDBEFA3E" authorityName="Poppius" authorityYear="1909" box="[447,599,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rhinocylapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC579AFCC3FDBEFA3E" box="[447,599,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Rhinocylapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex based on the results of their molecular and morphology-based phylogenies, with
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5742FC9FFE12FA1A" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[359,507,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5742FC9FFE12FA1A" box="[359,507,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being positioned as a sister group to other genera of the complex. They presented its revised diagnosis and listed the following characters for distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC55F3FC7BFB83FAC6" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[982,1130,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC55F3FC7BFB83FAC6" box="[982,1130,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other members of the complex: punctured thoracic pleura (Figs; 3D, 5C, 7A, B;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC550EFC57FBB4FAA2" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[811,1117,938,964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019</bibRefCitation>
: figs 10E, F, P), pit between pronotal calli (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5718FC30FE7CFA81" box="[317,405,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-127@5.[151,1436,489,1700]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of external structures of Punctifulvius aleksanderi n. sp. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head and pronotum, anterior view. C. Same, ventral view. D. Body, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metathoracic scent gland evaporative area. G. Metatarsus. H. Pretarsal claw, lateral view. I. Same, ventral view. J. Same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280507/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5787FC33FD3DFA81" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[418,724,973,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019</bibRefCitation>
: figs 10B, C), antennomere I subequal in length to or narrower than antennomere II (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC57A2FC0CFDEDFD6A" box="[391,516,1009,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,191,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of Punctifulvius kerzhneri, male from Hokkaido, Japan (A), P. aleksanderi n. sp., holotype female (B) and P. sakaerat n. sp., holotype male (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280501/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5434FC0FFCD6FD6D" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[529,831,1009,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4), subdivided labial segment I (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC52FBFC0CFAD1FD6D" box="[1246,1336,1009,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-127@5.[151,1436,489,1700]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of external structures of Punctifulvius aleksanderi n. sp. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head and pronotum, anterior view. C. Same, ventral view. D. Body, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metathoracic scent gland evaporative area. G. Metatarsus. H. Pretarsal claw, lateral view. I. Same, ventral view. J. Same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280507/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5361FC0CFA80FD6A" box="[1348,1385,1009,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-158@8.[151,1436,633,1954]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph (A) and scanning electron micrographs (B–D) of Punctifulvius parvus n. sp. A, B. Body, dorsal view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Head, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280513/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5351FC0FFA7EFD6A" box="[1396,1431,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,489,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs for external structures of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−C), P. kerzhneri (D–F), Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000 (G–I, L) and Yamatofulvius miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2000 (J–K). A, B, D, E, G, J &amp; K. Left lateral habitus. C, F. Metatarsus. I. Head, lateral view, with frontal spines on labrum (= epipharynx). L. Male genital segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">7B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC56B2FBE8FE06FD49" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[151,495,1045,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019: 10</bibRefCitation>
O), left paramere sensory lobe with a basal outgrowth (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC527CFBE8FB5BFD49" box="[1113,1202,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,215,957]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Punctifulvius parvus n. sp., male genitalia. A. Aedeagus, dorsal view. B. Same without theca, lateral view. C. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. D. Same, apical process, dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Right paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5299FBE8FA82FD49" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[1212,1387,1045,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 51;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC56E4FBC4FDFAFD35" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[193,531,1080,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019: 11</bibRefCitation>
D, J). Additionally, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5547FBC5FC1FFD34" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[866,1014,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5547FBC5FC1FFD34" box="[866,1014,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have endosoma with a single, curved, sharply pointed sclerite (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC578EFBA1FDEEFD10" box="[427,519,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,215,957]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Punctifulvius parvus n. sp., male genitalia. A. Aedeagus, dorsal view. B. Same without theca, lateral view. C. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. D. Same, apical process, dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Right paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5436FBA1FDDDFD10" box="[531,564,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-85@11.[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male (A–E) and female (F–G) genitalia of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−B) and P. kerzhneri (C–G). A. Genital segment with parameres, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Left paramere.D. Right paramere.E. Vesica. F. Genital chamber, ventral view. G. Ovipositor (gonapophysis) I. Scale bars 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280523/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">8E</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5465FBA0FD07FD10" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[576,750,1116,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref9245" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044" type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 52;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5574FBA0FB69FD10" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G." box="[849,1152,1116,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1196 - 1252" refId="ref8573" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058" type="journal article" year="2019">Namyatova &amp; Cassis 2019</bibRefCitation>
: figs 11A, B, F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB281BA343FFDC56E2FB7CFA73FCBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC56E2FB7CFDF8FDFC" author="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis, G." box="[199,529,1152,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref8642" refString="Namyatova, A. A. &amp; Cassis, G. (2022) Review of Australian Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with key to genera and descriptions of new species. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 8, 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X-bja 10032" type="journal article" year="2022">Namyatova &amp; Cassis (2022)</bibRefCitation>
paid attention that most of these features are also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC52C2FB7DFDA5FDD8" authority="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato, 1978" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Teratofulvioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC52C2FB7DFEEDFDD8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Teratofulvioides punctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC572FFB59FDA5FDD8" author="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M." box="[266,588,1188,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 149" refId="ref8045" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M. (1978) The Cylapinae of Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 121 - 149." type="journal article" year="1978">Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a single representative of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC55C4FB59FF26FD84" authority="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato, 1978" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Teratofulvioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC55C4FB59FB7FFDD8" box="[993,1174,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Teratofulvioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC52BEFB59FF26FD84" author="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 149" refId="ref8045" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M. (1978) The Cylapinae of Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 121 - 149." type="journal article" year="1978">Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
known from
<collectingCountry id="F313688BA343FFDC574BFB35FDA7FD87" box="[366,590,1223,1250]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Their observations were based on the original description of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC5332FB3AFEB4FC63" author="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 149" refId="ref8045" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M. (1978) The Cylapinae of Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 121 - 149." type="journal article" year="1978">Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, without any specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC54AFFB11FCFAFC63" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato" authorityYear="1978" box="[650,787,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Teratofulvioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC54AFFB11FCFAFC63" box="[650,787,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">T. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at hand. Our study of the single specimen of this species collected in the Indonesian Irian confirms the close similarity to the
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5585FAF2FB79FC4F" box="[928,1168,1295,1321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5585FAF2FBDDFC4F" box="[928,1076,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with the only differing character, i.e., the lack of the long process on the left paramere sensory lobe (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9555EAA343FFDC55DFFACEFA8DFC2B" author="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M." box="[1018,1380,1330,1357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 149" refId="ref8045" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. &amp; Lorenzato, L. M. (1978) The Cylapinae of Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 121 - 149." type="journal article" year="1978">Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato 1978: 85</bibRefCitation>
, 86). On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC574AFAAAFE02FC16" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski, 2023" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Wolski &amp; Taszakowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[367,491,1366,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC574AFAAAFE02FC16" box="[367,491,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">P. sakaerat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC57D7FAAAFDD8FC17" bold="true" box="[498,561,1367,1393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2434972A343FFDC57D7FAAAFDD8FC17" box="[498,561,1367,1393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
lacks the long process on the left paramere sensory lobe as well (
<figureCitation id="133F349EA343FFDC5335FAABFA79FC17" box="[1296,1424,1366,1393]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-85@11.[177,1411,410,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male (A–E) and female (F–G) genitalia of Punctifulvius sakaerat n. sp. (A−B) and P. kerzhneri (C–G). A. Genital segment with parameres, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Left paramere.D. Right paramere.E. Vesica. F. Genital chamber, ventral view. G. Ovipositor (gonapophysis) I. Scale bars 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10280523/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Figs 8A–B</figureCitation>
). Unfortunately, we could not study the male genitalia as the abdomen was partly damaged in the examined specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5692FA62FEA8FCDE" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato" authorityYear="1978" box="[183,321,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Teratofulvioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5692FA62FEA8FCDE" box="[183,321,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">T. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, given the known distributional range of
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5598FA63FBB8FCDE" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[957,1105,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5598FA63FBB8FCDE" box="[957,1105,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the fact that most of the diagnostic characters for
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC5794FA3FFDACFCBA" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1978" box="[433,581,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Punctifulvius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC5794FA3FFDACFCBA" box="[433,581,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">Punctifulvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in
<emphasis id="B970F409A343FFDC54FFFA3EFC83FCBA" box="[730,874,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C045398A343FFDC54FFFA3EFC8FFCBA" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Lorenzato" authorityYear="1978" box="[730,870,1475,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Teratofulvioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">T. punctatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it is very likely that both genera are synonymous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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