377 lines
40 KiB
XML
377 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="1BD2355EC02E473D5A3CC723E09BEF75" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175492" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fdd621e5-2e7d-471a-be4c-abe5550499d3" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175492" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459810602233" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2007" docId="038887F3252AFF86FF23EC0A7075A7D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01405p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Grammia bowmani Ferguson & Schmidt, 2007, New Species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFB1FF8B252FFF80FFB4E83F7522A06C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698220984569" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="29F75E9E6638671A59A59C3C111640A3">Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70E74654ACA8965F5FF46E037BA6619D">Ferguson, Douglas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDABC92684E20C0EC2C00D5D6CC444FB">Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5B03F41F8E72F30DEEC5F1DF7A03E1A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DC29D323E1450A682DC766D50C37DC5A">
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<mods:date id="272A905B98BE84CE527543A413FFD688">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038887F3252AFF86FF23EC0A7075A7D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6249409" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119353863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6249409" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887F3252AFF86FF23EC0A7075A7D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887F3252AFF86FF23EC0A7075A7D6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E252AFF85FF23EC0A7402A41E" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E5252AFF85FF23EC0A770BA423" blockId="5.[151,553,1077,1138]" box="[151,553,1077,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0D68189252AFF85FF23EC0A770BA423" bold="true" box="[151,553,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF23EC0A770BA423" bold="true" box="[151,553,1077,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FF23EC0A74A3A423" box="[151,385,1077,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF23EC0A74A3A423" bold="true" box="[151,385,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Grammia bowmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266578C252AFF85FE3BEC0A770BA423" box="[399,553,1077,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">New Species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E5252AFF85FF23EC677402A41E" blockId="5.[151,553,1077,1138]" box="[151,288,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A60252AFF85FF2BEC6775CDA41E" box="[159,239,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,397,1007]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[296,1292,397,1010]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult males of the Grammia nevadensis species group, a) G. n. nevadensis (Winnemuca, Humboldt Co., NV); b) G. n. superba (Victoria, Vancouver Is., BC); c) G. n. geneura (Estes Park, Larimer Co., CO); d) G. n. gibsoni (Burstall dunes, SK); e) G. behrii (Eight Dollar Mtn., Josephine Co., OR); f) G. i n c o r r u p t a (Comanche Natl. Grassland, Baca Co., CO); g) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB); h) G. eureka (HOLOTYPE, Eureka, Juab Co., UT); i) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Black Ridge, Mesa Co., CO)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175493/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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Figs.
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<date id="FF9F1025252AFF85FF56EC6775CDA41E" box="[226,239,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">1</date>
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</figureCitation>
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i, 8)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E252AFF85FF23EC9876B7A63D" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E5252AFF85FF23EC9876B7A63D" blockId="5.[151,1439,1191,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF23EC987435A4AD" bold="true" box="[151,279,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The size, wing pattern, and colouration of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FC96EC9776AFA4AD" box="[802,909,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FC96EC9776AFA4AD" box="[802,909,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">bowmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are somewhat similar to those of
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FA9FEC9770BAA4AD" box="[1323,1432,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. e u re k a</emphasis>
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(see Diagnosis under that species), and in this respect it is intermediate between
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FBF0ECEF7069A485" box="[1092,1355,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="superba">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FBF0ECEF7069A485" box="[1092,1355,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. nevadensis superba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FA37ECEF7429A57D" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FA37ECEF7429A57D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. williamsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FDC6ECC77636A57D" box="[626,788,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FDC6ECC77636A57D" box="[626,788,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the shorter antennal branches (longest branches 3– 3.5 x intersegmental distance versus 4–4.5 x), smaller male juxta (
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<quantity id="4CD99B00252AFF85FC0DED1F76D5A556" box="[953,1015,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
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wide or less, versus greater than
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<quantity id="4CD99B00252AFF85FA24ED1F75EBA50E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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), and shorter, wider male vesica. The forewing median and postmedian bands tend to be straight or nearly so, not distally convex as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE52ED4F7745A5E5" box="[486,615,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE52ED4F7745A5E5" box="[486,615,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Wing fringes are entirely or predominantly black, not predominantly white as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE96EDA77480A5DD" box="[290,418,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE96EDA77480A5DD" box="[290,418,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Vestiture of the forecoxae is pale brown to dull yellow, bright yellow in
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FAA0EDA770B7A5DD" box="[1300,1429,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FAA0EDA770B7A5DD" box="[1300,1429,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Compared to
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE81EDFF74EBA5B5" box="[309,457,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE81EDFF74EBA5B5" box="[309,457,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. williamsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE63EDFF7760A5B5" box="[471,578,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE63EDFF7760A5B5" box="[471,578,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">bowmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has longer antennal branches (3–3.5 x intersegmental distance versus 2.5 x), and the median and/or postmedian lines extend beyond the postcubital band, very rarely (<5%) so in
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FAD2EDD775FDA645" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FAD2EDD775FDA645" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">williamsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The vestiture of the legs and thorax underside are dark brown, with a buff area restricted to the forecoxae, compared to extensive buff thorax underside in
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FCAEEE0776B7A63D" box="[794,917,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FCAEEE0776B3A63D" box="[794,913,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">williamsii</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E252AFF86FF72EE6074E7A3C6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E5252AFF86FF72EE6077AFA3EE" blockId="5.[151,1439,1191,2018]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF72EE60747CA615" bold="true" box="[198,350,1631,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Description.</emphasis>
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MALE.
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE73EE5F7725A615" box="[455,519,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Head</emphasis>
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: Head, antennae, and palpi almost entirely black, palpi and frons occasionally with a few pale scales. Antennae prominently bipectinate, length of pectinations 3–3.5 x intersegmental distance.
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF50EE8F7461A6A5" box="[228,323,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Legs and patagia almost entirely black, or patagia with light border typical of the genus. The thorax exhibits two colour forms, an allbrown/black form and the typical striped form (not seen in the Colorado specimens). Both
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE1DEF3F7768A775" box="[425,586,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE1DEF3F7768A775" box="[425,586,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FD32EF3F7186A776" authority="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" box="[646,1188,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="williamsii" subSpecies="tooele">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FD32EF3F764EA775" box="[646,876,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. williamsii tooele</emphasis>
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(Barnes & McDunnough)
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</taxonomicName>
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also show these two colour forms, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE33EF1774CFA72D" box="[391,493,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE33EF1774CFA72D" box="[391,493,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. behrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibits only the dark form. Lightcoloured vestiture of and between forecoxae that is normally bright yellow and often extended to adjoining ventral areas of thorax in most members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FF23EF47743AA7FD" box="[151,280,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FF23EF47743AA7FD" box="[151,280,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex generally reduced or even absent in
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FCF4EF477691A7FD" box="[832,947,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FCF4EF47768CA7FD" box="[832,942,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">bowmani</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and, when present, it is pale buff to dull whitish, only rarely yellow. Forewing dorsally with typical buffwhitish
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FBBCEF9F715BA7D5" box="[1032,1145,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FBBCEF9F715BA7D5" box="[1032,1145,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Grammia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pattern on nearly black background, most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D66252AFF85FE51EFF777C8A78D" box="[485,746,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="superba">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF7252AFF85FE51EFF777C8A78D" box="[485,746,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">G. nevadensis superba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but with bands more reduced; antemedial band incomplete or absent, although a fragment of the antemedial or postmedial or both may extend toward inner margin beyond postcubital band, but usually not reaching inner margin (for nomenclature of forewing pattern in
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FAD3E8FF75E4A16E" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Arctiini">Arctiini</taxonomicName>
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see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142529FF86FF48E8D77495A16E" author="Ferguson" box="[252,439,232,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Ferguson, D. C. (1985) Contributions toward reclassification of the world genera of the tribe Arctiini. Part 1 - Introduction and a revision of the Neoarctia-Grammia group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae; Arctiinae). Entomography, 3, 181 - 275." type="journal article" year="1985">Ferguson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 194, 252–253). An especially significant feature of the forewing pattern is that the medial and postmedial bands have a tendency to be nearly straight, as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FC4FE92F71B4A145" box="[1019,1174,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FC4FE92F71B0A145" box="[1019,1170,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">G. williamsii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
rather than convex or curved basad before reaching costa as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FD34E9077622A13D" box="[640,768,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FD34E9077622A13D" box="[640,768,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fringes entirely or predominantly black. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002529FF86FAE6E90775EAA116" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="13.0">13–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, average
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002529FF86FE8EE95F7484A116" box="[314,422,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FE0DE95F74EAA115" box="[441,456,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49). Hindwing brightrose to pale pink, with the submarginal dark spots most often concentrated toward outer margin, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FCA7E9B776A5A1CD" box="[787,903,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FCA7E9B776A5A1CD" box="[787,903,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">williamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this respect, especially subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FAE0E9B770BEA1CD" box="[1364,1436,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">tooele</emphasis>
|
||
from the Great Basin region of Utah. Fringes black, often buff along anal angle. Ventral fore and hindwing markings identical to dorsal pattern, with a more washedout colour.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FC61E9E7716CA19D" box="[981,1102,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Pink dorsolaterally, with a middorsal black band or series of spots as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FD7CEA3F766BA275" box="[712,841,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FD7CEA3F766BA275" box="[712,841,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FC7FEA3F7119A275" box="[971,1083,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FC7FEA3F7119A275" box="[971,1083,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Grammia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; black ventrally with thin, transverse, intersegmental stripes of pale brown. Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A602529FF86FC3DEA1776ECA22E" box="[905,974,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 8" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[212,1383,389,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[160,1441,377,1910]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 8. Male genitalia Grammia nevadensis group species; caudoventral aspect of genital capsule (a) and aedeagus with vesica everted, right lateral aspect. 3) G. nevadensis superba (Oliver, BC), 4) G. behrii (Kern Co., CA), 5) G. incorrupta (Pima Co., AZ), 6) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB), 7) G. eureka (PARATYPE, Eureka, UT), 8) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Mesa Co., CO)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175495/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) with distal half of valve narrower than that of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FE98EA6F748FA205" box="[300,429,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FE98EA6F748FA205" box="[300,429,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this is variable in both species; the large, membranecovered cavity on the inner face of the valve, extending from the base to the middle of valve surrounded or enclosed by elevated sclerotic ridges or folds. This whole structure is larger, deeper, and more highly developed or exaggerated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FA84EA9F70BEA2D5" box="[1328,1436,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FA84EA9F70BEA2D5" box="[1328,1436,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">bowmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FF5AEAF7744CA28D" box="[238,366,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF5AEAF7744CA28D" box="[238,366,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Juxta relatively narrow for members of this group, about 2/3 as wide as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FAA7EAF770B6A28D" box="[1299,1428,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FAA7EAF770B6A28D" box="[1299,1428,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the fully everted vesica is only about 2/3 as large as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FCE0EACF76F6A365" box="[852,980,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FCE0EACF76F6A365" box="[852,980,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the scobinate zone tends to cover a smaller area, although with many of the individual spinules larger, at least those well toward distal end. Vesica divided by constrictions into several chambers, the largest, distal chamber much larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FB55EB7F7040A335" box="[1249,1378,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FB55EB7F7040A335" box="[1249,1378,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FF01EB577403A3ED" box="[181,289,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF01EB577403A3ED" box="[181,289,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">bowmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, closely resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FDA7EB5777A5A3ED" box="[531,647,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FDA7EB5777A5A3ED" box="[531,647,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">williamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EBAF74E7A3C6" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" box="[198,453,912,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FEMALE. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2529FF86FF72EB887037A5DE" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EB88772AA396" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EB887462A3BD" bold="true" box="[198,320,951,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472529FF86FF72EB887419A3BD" box="[198,315,951,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male. COLORADO, Mesa Co., Coal Mine Pt., Black Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002529FF86FB8CEB8771BFA3BE" box="[1080,1181,952,978]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7,000 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FB04EB877074A3BE" box="[1200,1366,952,978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1987-05-16">16 May 1987</date>
|
||
, D.E. Bowman. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FE1FEBDF7726A396" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[427,516,992,1018]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EC3874EBA5E6" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EC387469A44D" bold="true" box="[198,331,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472529FF86FF72EC387464A44D" box="[198,326,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FEE2EC3774E4A44E" box="[342,454,1032,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">51 males</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FE60EC3877A9A44D" bold="true" box="[468,651,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">COLORADO:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FD21EC3777D4A44E" box="[661,758,1032,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality and collector,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FBE8EC377022A44E" box="[1116,1280,1032,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1987-05-16">16 May 1987</date>
|
||
(5),
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FA8BEC3775F0A426" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1985-05-18">18 May 1985</date>
|
||
(1),
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FEB8EC0F7484A426" box="[268,422,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1975-07-26">26 July 1975</date>
|
||
(3);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FE55EC0F776FA426" box="[481,589,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, Upper Red Canyon, Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co.,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FAF7EC0F75F6A41E" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1997-05-31">31 May 1997</date>
|
||
, B. Rodgers family;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FE79EC677702A41E" box="[461,544,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, West Entrance,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002529FF86FD5CEC677669A41E" box="[744,843,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43256" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="ft" value="4700.0">4,700 ft</quantity>
|
||
., Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co.,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FAE6EC6775F6A4F6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1996-06-01">1 June 1996</date>
|
||
, B. Rodgers family;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FE7DECBF7705A4F6" box="[457,551,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, Upper No Thoroughfare Canyon,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002529FF86FC77ECBF7107A4F6" box="[963,1061,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8897599999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="ft" value="6200.0">6,200 ft</quantity>
|
||
., Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co.,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FEAFEC97749CA4AE" box="[283,446,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1996-06-18">18 June 1996</date>
|
||
, B. Rodgers family;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FD08EC977608A4AE" box="[700,810,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">20 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality and collectors,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FB23EC977015A4AE" box="[1175,1335,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1997-07-12">12 July 1997</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FAF0EC9770BBA4AE" box="[1348,1433,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument, Upper Ute Canyon,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FC37ECEF713AA486" box="[899,1048,1232,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="2000-06-07">7 June 2000</date>
|
||
, Opler & Slossen;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FB49ECEF7073A486" box="[1277,1361,1232,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument, head of Red Canyon,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FCEAECC77129A57E" box="[862,1035,1272,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="2000-07-03" valueMax="2000-07-04" valueMin="2000-07-03">34 July 2000</date>
|
||
, J. Moore. Others taken in Mesa County,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FF49ED1F74BDA556" box="[253,415,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1988-05-27">27 May 1988</date>
|
||
by T.S. Dickel are not included because full locality data is not at present available.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF23ED7875D1A50D" bold="true" box="[151,243,1351,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FF23ED7875CCA50D" box="[151,238,1351,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">UTAH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FF48ED77747EA50E" box="[252,348,1352,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, San Juan Co., Blanding,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FD22ED777604A50E" box="[662,806,1352,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1970-07-01">1 July 1970</date>
|
||
, R. Carcasson.;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD6C2529FF86FC5EED77711DA50E" box="[1002,1087,1352,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, San Juan Co., Monticello,
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252529FF86FA39ED777433A5E6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1960-06-07">7 June 1960</date>
|
||
, N. McFarland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EDA77037A5DE" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" box="[198,1301,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472529FF86FF72EDA7741AA5DE" box="[198,312,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FDB4EDA7777AA5DE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[512,600,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FDD7EDA77782A5DE" box="[611,672,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">DEB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FD18EDA777CAA5DE" box="[684,744,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">CSU</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FD40EDA77673A5DE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[756,849,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FCE8EDA776B9A5DE" box="[860,923,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
, CU,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FC6BEDA77102A5DE" box="[991,1056,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">EME</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FB9FEDA771A2A5DE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1067,1152,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED30AE202529FF86FB0DEDA77033A5DE" box="[1209,1297,1432,1458]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2529FF86FF72ED8077D0A6CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72ED80740AA63E" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72ED807445A5B5" bold="true" box="[198,359,1471,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known only from the localities indicated in Mesa County, western Colorado and from the vicinity of Blanding, southeastern Utah. It may be common where found, as in the Colorado National Monument. For Colorado,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FDF0EE2F760BA645" box="[580,809,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FDF0EE2F760BA645" box="[580,809,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Grammia bowmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have to be considered a relatively lowelevation species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EE6077D0A6CE" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EE607456A615" bold="true" box="[198,372,1631,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
Dates of capture span a period from midMay to late July. The female likely does not come to light, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FECAEEB7773CA6CD" box="[382,542,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FECAEEB7773CA6CD" box="[382,542,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">G. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FDE3EEB777C9A6CD" box="[599,747,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FDE3EEB777C9A6CD" box="[599,747,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">G. williamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2529FF86FF72EE9074D2A6A6" box="[198,496,1711,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EE9074D2A6A6" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" box="[198,496,1711,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EE907444A6A5" bold="true" box="[198,358,1711,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Early stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2529FF86FF72EEE87448A706" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EEE87448A706" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EEE87462A69D" bold="true" box="[198,320,1751,1777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FEE4EEE77716A69D" box="[336,564,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FEE4EEE77716A69D" box="[336,564,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Grammia bowmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkably similar in appearance to some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FB4EEEE775D4A775" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="superba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FB4EEEE775D4A775" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">G. nevadensis superba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FE99EF3F74E3A775" box="[301,449,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FE99EF3F74E3A775" box="[301,449,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">G. williamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and appears to be most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662529FF86FC1AEF3F7100A775" box="[942,1058,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FC1AEF3F7100A775" box="[942,1058,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">williamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences in male genitalia, antennal morphology, and wing markings (see Diagnosis), however, show that it is distinct from other species of this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2529FF86FF72EF487075A7D6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52529FF86FF72EF487075A7D6" blockId="6.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72529FF86FF72EF487476A7FD" bold="true" box="[198,340,1911,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
We are pleased to name this species after Donald E. Bowman of Pueblo West, Colorado, an indefatigable collector of North American arctiids and the person who first brought this species to light.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |